USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1927 > Part 7
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During all this time the Committee has treated the Su- perintendent with the utmost courtesy and cordiality in all personal matters and has heartily joined him in working for the improvement of the schools. It is only fair to say that no other School Committee in this State has a better record for
126
ANNUAL REPORTS
educational achievement during this period than that made by the Somerville School Committee. In support of this state- ment the following citation of things done in whole or in part by the School Committee is offered.
Buildings. The school buildings erected during this time are the S. Newton Cutler and the Gordon A. Southworth schoolhouses for elementary schools ; the Zebedee E. Cliff and the Leonard B. Chandler schoolhouses for junior high schools ; two buildings for the Boys' Vocational School, extensive addi- tions to the high school plant, and to the Luther V. Bell school- house to adapt it to junior high school uses. To this list should be added the most costly building project ever undertaken by the city, which is now under way and which when completed in 1929 will give the city a splendid high school building modern in every way and provided with a first class gymnasium. All of these improvements were well conceived and have well served their immediate purpose. That some of them are not adequate for present day needs is neither strange nor unlooked for. It was clearly foreseen when these improvements were made that the lapse of time would make further extensions necessary. Such need now exists in several parts of the city.
Teachers. The teaching of the children has been im- proved by bettering the economic condition of the teachers. In 1908 the women teachers of the first eight grades had a maxi- mum salary of $700. The relatively small number of women teachers in the ninth grade had $75. more. Now there is an obtainable maximum of $2,000. for teachers of the first six grades and of $2,100. for teachers of the junior high schools. Teachers of the junior high schools who are college graduates get $100 more. In 1908 the maximum for teachers in the high school was $1,000. Now there is an obtainable maximum of $2,250.
The maximum salaries of men, whether principals or not, have been increased considerably but not in the same propor- tion as the increases for women.
Organization. Changing the course for elementary schools from 9 years to 8 years was recommended in 1909, be- gun in September, 1910, by raising the age of admission to the first grade from five years to six and starting the beginners on a course of study to be completed in eight grades. The transi- tion from the old to the new grading was accomplished in 1918 when the first class of graduates from the eight grade course
127
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
· entered the high school with the last class of graduates from the nine year course.
Vocational Education was inaugurated in 1910 by open- ing a vocational school for boys in the Davis Schoolhouse. This school offered at first courses in woodworking and ma- chine operating. In addition to these it now offers automo- bile repairing, carpentry and electric wiring.
In October, 1911, an industrial school for girls was opened in a double dwelling house on Atherton Street, and was successfully conducted there until 1919. Then the school was closed, but its work was transferred to the High School, where as a Household Arts Course it continues as a part of the offering of that school.
Intermediate School. In June, 1914, the School Board authorized conducting in the Forster School, beginning in Sep- tember of that year, differentiated courses for the upper gram- mar grades. This experiment proved so satisfactory to the patrons of the school that the Committee decided to adopt it for the whole city.
The 6-3-3 Plan and the Junior High Schools. In 1916 the School Committee was confronted with the necessity of making plans for a building program to relieve overcrowding in the high and elementary schools. It realized that such a plan must contemplate and provide for not only existing needs for more accommodations, but that it must also provide for what- ever educational improvements the Committee planned to make in the future. Hence, it made a careful study of apply- ing to the whole city the organization of the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades of the school system which had been carried on so successfully in the Forster School. As a result of this study the Committee decided to reorganize the school course into three divisions comprising six grades for elementary schools, three for junior high schools, and three for senior high schools. It recommended that buildings be provided for four or five junior high schools to take the seventh and eightlı grades from the elementary schools and the ninth grade from the high school. As fast as this building program could be carried into effect relief from existing overcrowding would be given to the elementary schools and to the high school. This plan was adopted. Followed in order the opening of the Northern, the Eastern, the Western, and the Southern Junior High Schools. On March 3, 1924, the Northern and Eastern were combined in the Northeastern Junior High, which occu-
128
ANNUAL REPORTS
pied for the first time on that date the new building on Marsh- all Street.
Curriculum Changes. Some very important changes have been made in the curriculum, both of a kind intended to be general in its effects and of a kind designed to benefit chil- dren whose individual needs required special consideration and treatment.
A recount of these general changes, somewhat in the or- der of their adoption, follows,-a dental dispensary, establish- ed in 1910, one of the first to be opened in this state under the direction of the School Committee. There are now two dental dispensaries. In 1910, a class was established for children whose backwardness was such as to make their training in ordinary classes impracticable. This class, designated as an atypical class, was opened in the Bell School. A second atypical class was opened in the Hodgkins School in 1913. These provisions were made by the School Committee in advance of the public opinion which finally caused the enactment by the Legislature in 1919 of a law requiring school committees to establish spe- cial classes for the instruction, according to their mental at- tainments, of children three or more years retarded in mental development in attendance upon its public schools. We now have six such classes and provision for the forming of several others. In 1920, in cooperation with the Department of Edu- cation and the Commissioner of Mental Diseases, the School Committee caused a psychological clinic to begin the first of its annual visits to the schools of Somerville to conduct exami- nations for determining, as required by law, what pupils should be included in the special classes for children three or more years mentally retarded. In 1911, upon the voluntary retirement of Dr. Baxter, principal of the Latin High School, the Latin and English High Schools were combined in one, having the general type of organization. The school now offers three general courses of instruction, the preparatory, fitting for colleges or other higher schools of education ; the commer cial, giving preparation for certain business occupations ; and the general, offering a variety of academic studies. In 1912, school savings banks were started, superseding the stamp saving system. This system has continued and is now in oper- ation in all the schools of the city. In 1925, a supervisor of thrift instruction was appointed. In 1919, the Board made grammar school masters district supervising principals and combined the various elementary schools in groups, each under the administrative and educational supervision of a supervis-
129
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
ing principal. In 1920, a continuation school was established in the High School building to give part-time instruction to girls and boys between 14 and 16 years of age who are at work under the authority of the employment certificate. In Sep- tember, 1924, the school was transferred to the Folsom Build- ing where it has ample room for the academic and practical arts instruction. Education in English for adults of foreign birth was begun in 1920, and special supervisors for this work were provided. During the present year, 17 classes have been conducted. In 1922, a class for children of defective eyesight was opened in the Highland School and is conducted there at the present time. In 1925, kindergarten teachers were given a two-session teaching day with an increase of pay to corres- pond to that of elementary school teachers. The number of kindergarten classes was increased to nine.
Further provision was made for special needs of chil- dren when the School Committee authorized the purchase late in 1926 of an audiometer, an instrument newly available for the accurate measurement of hearing. The use of this instru- ment substituted a scientific test of hearing for the more or less haphazard methods theretofore in use in making the annual test of hearing required by the laws of the State. In September of the next year, this measure was followed by the- appointment of a teacher of lip reading to give instruction in speech reading to children whose hearing was so impaired as to make such help necessary. In September, 1927, also another provision in the interest of children in need of special consideration was made in the employment of a Home Visitor. Another matter which might well be mentioned in this list of accomplishments is the development of instrumental music in the high and junior high schools. In 1920 a system of credits for both inside and outside study of music was adopted by the School Committee ; band music was made an elective in the junior high schools in April, 1925; and in November, 1925, the Superintendent was authorized to arrange for group instruction on orchestral and band instruments for children who want such instruction at their own expense. As a re- sult of these measures, there are now orchestras and bands in the high school and in each of the junior high schools,- well organized and well equipped.
Changes in school organization and management are mad»» only after careful consideration and as a result of strong reasons. Necessarily, they come about slowly, but this re- view of a period of years discovers a total of change impres-
130
ANNUAL REPORTS
sive in its significance and extent. All of these changes are in accord with the best practice among the schools of the day. They place our system in alignment with the most progressive cities in the State. The end of progress, however, has not yet been reached. New problems loom in the future to be solved by the present and succeeding School Committees. It cannot be doubted that they will be met with the same prompt- ness and discretion as have been these whose record herein has been briefly traced.
131
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SOMERVILLE HIGH SCHOOL
Students Entering Higher Institutions in September 1927
Boston College
3
Boston University
22
Harvard University
7
Chicago University
1
Colby College
1
Dartmouth College
1
Harvard University
7
Holy Cross College
1
Jackson College
5
Lasell Seminary
2
University of Maine
1
Mass. Agricultural College
1
Mass. Institute of Technology
11
Mass. College of Pharmacy
6
Normal Schools
19
Northeastern University
19
Radcliffe College
3
Sargent School
3
Simmons College
3
Tufts College
15
Wentworth Institute
1
Wheaton College
1
College of William & Mary
1
Miss Wheelock's School
3
Entering College
105
Entering Scientific Schools
12
Entering Normal Schools
25
SOMERVILLE HIGH SCHOOL
Distribution of Pupils by Subjects December, 1927
English
2214
Elocution
1083
History
1540
Problems
in Citizenship
86
Greek
15
Latin
563
French
1088
Spanish
426
German
65
Astronomy
and Geology
39
Chemistry
546
Physics
206
Biology
350
Physiology
50
Trigonometry
45
Solid Geometry
45
Review Geometry
211
132
132
ANNUAL REPORTS
Plane Geometry
360
Advanced Algebra
157
Review Algebra
274
Mathematics
(general) 180
Stenography
494
Typewriting
694
Bookkeeping
425
Penmanship
777
Commercial Law
27
Salesmanship
118
Business Arithmetic
61
Commerce and Industry
409
Debating
93
Manual Training
113
Mechanical Drawing
310
Freehand Drawing and Arts and Crafts
340
Households Arts
91
Cooking
111
Dressmaking
185
SOMERVILLE HIGH SCHOOL
Membership in High School Activities December, 1927
Students' Council
18
Traffic Squad
95
National Honor Society
30
School Orchestra (2)
69
School Band and Drum Corps
160
Girls' Glee Club (2)
99
Boys' Glee Club
50
Mandolin Club
9
School Paper
21
Girls' Debating Society
20
Boys' Debating Society
36
Literary Club
140
Players' Club
50
Spanish Club
35
Sketch Club
25
Chess Club
16
Girls' Athletic Association
200
High School Athletic Association
*
* All members of the school are considered members.
133
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SOMERVILLE TEACHERS' CLUB
Officers 1927-1928
President, Mary L. Bryant
Vice-Presidents, § Ardelle Abbott
) Edith L. Hunnewell Recording Secretary. Evelyn Macdonald Corresponding Secretary, Frances E. Biller Treasurer, Eleanor D. Campbell Auditor, Elizabeth Campbell
Object
The object shall be to secure a close union among the women teachers in Somerville; to promote the spirit of mu- tual helpfulness ; to advance professional interests; to create a deeper sense of the dignity of the profession; to unite the interests of the home and school.
Program
February 9-Guest Night. Shubert Male Quartette. Dorothy Peter- son Raynor, Soprano.
March 9-Concert by "The Knickerbocker Club".
April 13-Roland Tapley, Violinist; Wilma Dearborn Carter, Reader. May 11-Annual Meeting, Election of Officers. Reports of Committees. June 8-Annual Outing-Marblehead.
October 6-One Act Play by Somerville High School Players Club, under direction of Harriet M. Bell. Music by Harold Seader.
November 4, 5-Rainbow Bazaar.
December 14-Christmas Party.
SOMERVILLE HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION
Annual Report of the Treasurer January 1, 1928
Receipts
Balance on hand January 1, 1927
$1,312 18
Baseball games
$998 96
Football games
5,918 71
Interest
14 33
Miscellaneous
104 03
7,036 03
$8,348 21
134
ANNUAL REPORTS
Expenditures
Athletic supplies
$2,079 57
Medical supplies and service
88 40
Paid visiting teams
1,341 60
Officials
398 00
Police
485 00
Assistance at games
144 00
Postage
6 00
Printing
62 75
Telephone
16 15
Transportation
214 30
Coaching
512 00
Physician's salary
200 00
Treasurer's salary
400 00
Dues to Athletic Association
3 50
Miscellaneous
288 78
Balance on hand January 1, 1928
$6,240 05 $2,108 16
GEORGE E. PEARSON,
Treasurer.
135
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
In Memoriam
MARGARET D. QUARRIE
Burns School Died March 4, 1927
JOHN J. MALONE Northeastern Junior High School Died April 24, 1927
CORA B. GOWEN Bennett School Died August 9, 1927
ELIZABETH J. STOLBA Western Junior High School Died October 29, 1927
STATEMENT OF WORK OF SCHOOL DENTAL DISPENSARY PROCTOR SCHOOL For the School Year Ending June 30, 1927
MONTH.
No. of Children
Treated
No. of First
Appointments
No. Reappointments.
Teeth Extracted.
No. Teeth Filled.
No. Cleansings.
No. Having Brush.
No. Having no Brush
Amount of fees
Incidental Expenses.
Novocain.
Treatments.
Examinations
September
73
32
41
23
20
18
69
4
$14.85
$4.66
0
29
0
October
142
50
92
46
30
8
124
18
23.35
6.41
3
86
7
November
171
53
118
52
38
4
160
11
27.10
8.87
5
104
9
December
132
38
94
37
23
5
130
2
18.95
4.87
3
99
5
January
187
60
127
33
39
17
172
15
26.45
9.02
2
153
4
February
166
34
132
23
20
19
163
3
20.60
5.49
2
118
6
March
193
53
140
46
33
7
187
6
27.95
8.05
9
134
April
177
51
126
27
35
11
172
5
25.40
7.37
5
128
9
May .
165
31
134
32
26
9
159
6
20.90
6.63
3
125
12
June
157
26
131
30
40
14
155
2
23.05
5.84
5
106
3
Total
1563
428
1
1135
349
304
112
1491
72
$228.60
$67.21
37
1082
62
COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL STATEMENT
Receipts :-
1924-1925
1925-1926
1926-1927
Cash on hand September 1
$58.51
$47.76
$44.00
From fees.
191.88
201.36
228.60
From sale of tooth brushes
224.78
11.79
10.45
$475.17
$260.91
$283.05
Expenditures :-
For supplies
$209.72
$202.51
$168.49
For tooth brushes.
217.69
14.40
18.00
Cash on hand June 27.
47.76
44.00
96.56
$475.17
$260.91
$283.05
ANNUAL REPORTS
136
Collected
STATEMENT OF WORK OF SCHOOL NURSES For Year Ending June, 1927
INSPECTIONS
PUPILS ESCORTED TO CLINICS
Oper-
ations
Conta- gion found in
* Home Visits
Hy- giene Talks
Pedic- ulosis
Un- clean
Eye
Ear
Nose and Throat
*Med - ical
Skin
Dental
Optician
Corrected Vision
Corrected Hearing
Tonsils
Adenoids
School
Home
New
Old
School
Home
September ..
96
2488
64
137
3
230
434
3
60
36
32
6
5
2
11
385
2
October
108
8
4388
336
162
12
141
895
41
148
236
75
98
8
4
1
20
1
25
5
514
November ..
93
13
3844
116
130
5
99
2811
150
96
153
28
115
8
126
47
7
1
1
14
1
412
2
December ..
91
11
3010
179
166
18
104
1994
287
115
24
12
1
2
1
84
15
l
1
1
7
2
625
January .....
111
3677
178
212
7
133
1277
538
169
258
20
155
10
1
22
54 14
5
1
1
7
17
465
2
February ...
93
8
4413
143
163
1
157
2404
428
213
244
53
142
5
7
50
2
1
1
1
8
1195
1
March
109
12
5366
99
212
7
202
1985
837
74
240
39
190
9
2
10
43
6
3
97,
4
1361
1
April
100
6
3095
112
175
14
145
531
734
102
185
37
161
2
1
6
3
1
4
2
27
784
May
83
2362
110
163
3
237
93
13
61
192
15
209
2
1
2
2
2
15
3
550
2
72
2
2291
74
108
5
145
13
574
32
83
95
1
1
1
3
3
9
321
Total.
956
68
34934
1411
1628
75
1593
12437 3605 1070 1771
323 1324
49
17
1
2
1
1
280 269 23
23
4 12
5
6 8
23
6612 10
*Treated by family physician or dentist
New: Seen first time during School Year Old : Cases followed up
394 Class talks given
School
Hospital
Total No. of Pupils
Notice sent to
Guardian
Teachers
Z New
Old
New
Old
New
Old
New
Old
New
Old
New
Old
New
Old
New
Old
New
Old
-
..
...
...
...
...
...
..
30
...
..
DATE
seen
Consultation with
Consultation With
Treatment in School
Dental
Med. Inspector
144
153
3
2
3
June.
159
138
ANNUAL REPORTS
CONTENTS OF APPENDIX
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS
Population and school census.
School buildings.
Teachers.
Attendance for year.
Cost of school maintenance.
Teachers' salaries.
MISCELLANEOUS TABLES
CONCERNING FINANCE
No. of Table.
1. Schedule of school property.
2. Cost of maintaining schools, school year 1926-1927.
3. Cost per capita of maintaining schools, school year 1926-1927.
4. Cost of maintaining schools for a series of years.
5. Cost per capita for maintaining schools for a series of years.
6. Amount spent annually for new school buildings and for re- pairs for a series of years.
CONCERNING PUPILS
7. Population and school registration.
8. Attendance, etc., of the schools for school year 1926-1927.
9. Statistics of the high school for school year 1926-1927.
10. Pupils by grades, June, 1927.
11. Separate statistics for high, junior high, elementary and vo- cational schools, for school year 1926-1927.
12. Admissions to first grade in September.
13. Number of junior high school graduates, 1927.
14. Truant statistics for a series of years.
15. Evening school statistics, 1926-1927.
16. Elementary school promotees for a series of years.
17. Attendance statistics of all schools for a series of years.
18. Statistics of the high school for a series of years.
19. Promotions, junior high schools, 1927.
19a Promotions, elementary schools, 1927.
CONCERNING TEACHERS
20. Resignations of teachers, 1927.
21. Teachers elected in 1927.
22. Leave of absence of teachers.
23. Transfers of teachers.
24. Number of teachers employed for a series of years.
139
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
STATISTICAL AND GENERAL TABLES
25. Changes in textbooks, 1927.
26. High and Junior High School graduation exercises, 1927.
27. Vocational school graduation exercises, 1927.
28. Organization of school board for 1928.
29. Teachers in service January, 1928.
30. Officers in service January, 1928.
31. School janitors.
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS 1 .- POPULATION AND SCHOOL CENSUS
Population state census, 1895
52,200
Population, United States census, 1900
61,643
Population, state census, 1905
69,272
Population, United States census, 1910
77,236
Population, state census, 1915
86,854
Population, United States census, 1920
93,033
Population, state census, 1925
99,032
Children between five and fifteen years of age inclusive,
October, 1927 by school census
18,202
2 .- SCHOOL BUILDINGS
Number of school buildings in June
31
Number of classrooms in use in June
406
Valuation of school property
$3,219,400
3 .- TEACHERS
*1926
*1927
Change
In high schools
75
79
+4
In junior high schools
118
125
+7
In elementary schools
224
224
0
In kindergartens
15
16
+1
Total in elementary schools
239
240
+1
Vocational school for boys
9
10
+1
Independent Household Arts
1
1
0
Atypical classes
4
6
4-2
Sight Saving
1
1
0
Cadet teachers
12
14
+2
Special
12
12
0
Continuation
3
3
0
Americanization
2
1
-1
Total
476
492
+16
4 .- ATTENDANCE FOR YEAR
*1926
*1927
Change
Entire enrollment for the year ...
16,687
16,669
-18
Average number belonging
15,042
15,042
0
Average number attending
14,074
14,094
+20
Per cent. of daily attendance
93.6
93.7
+0.1
High school graduates
524
521
-3
Junior High school graduates
...
1,150
1,025
-125
140
ANNUAL REPORTS
5 .- COST OF SCHOOL MAINTENANCE
*1926
Change
Salaries of teachers
$833,572 45
*1987 $923,687 08 20,901 25
+$90,114 63
Salaries of officers
18,185 45
+2,715 80
Cost of books and supplies
46,497 42
47,388 18
+890 76
Cost of light and power
13,318 97
13,186 70
-132 27
Cost of janitors' services, etc.
74,923 61
82,772 86
+7,849 25
Cost of fuel and insurance ....
23,316 51
39,524 04
+16,207 53
Total cost of day and evening schools
1,009,814 41
1,127,460 11
+117,645 70
Per capita cost
67 13
74 95
+7 82
Cost of high school instruc- tion
165,567 83
180,659 14
+15,091 31
Per capita cost
81 72
85 42
+3 70
6 .- MISCELLANEOUS
*1926
*1927
Change
Paid for new school build- ings
$741 16
$22,000 00
+$21,258 84
Repairs and permanent
improvements
59,902 42
77,200 66
+17,298 24
Total school expenditures
1,070,457 99
1,226,660 77
+156,202 78
Valuation of city
109,262,400 00
116,406,900 00
+7,144,500 00
Number of dollars spent
to maintain schools out
of every $1,000 of valua- tion
9 15
9 69
+0 54
Number of dollars spent
for all school purposes
out of every $1,000 of valuation
9 79
10 54
+0 75
** School year.
Cost of the Schools
The total amount spent for the maintenance of the schools of Somerville for the school year ending June 30, 1927, is $1,127,460.11.
This includes the sums spent for care of school build- ings, including janitors' services, fuel, light, and school tele- phones; the amount paid for salaries of officers, and the amount spent for school supplies; and the sum paid for sal- aries of teachers.
The expenditure for care for school buildings is wholly in charge of the City Government.
The amount paid for janitors is
$82,772 86
The cost of fuel is
39,524 04
The cost of light is
13,186 70
A total cost of
$135,483 60
The cost per capita $9 01
Cost of repairs
$77,200 66
141
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
The second important expenditure is wholly under the control of the School Committee and is covered by what is known as the "School Contingent" appropriation. The fol- lowing is the itemized account :-
DAY SCHOOLS.
EVENING SCHOOLS.
Expenditures.
Total.
High and Vocational
Elementary
High and Vocational
Elementary
CONTINUATION SCHOOLS AND AMERICANIZA - TION WORK
Officers' Sala- ries
Office Expenses Textbooks ...
$20,901.25 3,047 76 15,519.45
$5,754.79
$9.577.38
$138.35
$26.50
$22.43
Stationery and Supplies and Other Ex-
penses of In-
23,648.40
12,546.80
10,613.06
293.16
33.56
111.82
struction ....... Miscellaneous (Tuition, etc.)
5,172.57
1,306.09
3,639.14
124.31
19.00
84.03
Total
$68,289.43
$19,657.68
$23.829.58
$555.82
$79.06
$218.28
The third, and by far the largest, element of the cost of schools is the sum spent for the salaries of teachers. This expenditure is under the control of the School Committee.
The following statement shows the distribution of the sums paid for salaries :-
DAY SCHOOLS.
EVENING SCHOOLS.
CONTINUATION SCHOOLS AND AMERICANIZA - TION WORK
Expenditures.
Total.
High and Vocational
Elementary
High and Vocational
Elementary
Supervisors Principals Teachers
$21.580.38 51,527.00 850,579.70
7,009.05 13,842.00 269,275.49
$13.672.08 36.558.00 563,438.21
$615.00 6,003.00
$462.00 1,224.00
$899.25 50.00 10,639.00
Total
$923.687.08
$290,126.54
$613,C68.29
$6,618.00
$1,686.00
$11,588.25
The total outlay for all school purposes includes all of the preceding and the sums spent for schoolhouse repairs and new buildings.
142
ANNUAL REPORTS
The total outlay for the school year ending June 30, 1927 is as follows :-
Care
$135,483 60
Contingent
47,388 18
Salaries
944,588 33
Total for school maintenance
$1,127,460 11
Paid for repairs
77,200 66
Paid for new buildings
22,000 00
Total for all school purposes
$1,226,660 77
Each dollar of the sum spent for the support of schools has been divided in the following proportion :-
1922
1923 $0.068
1924 $0.072
1925 $0.077
1926 $0.074
1927 $0.073
Heat and light
0.042
0.080
0.047
0.056
0.036
0.047
Administration
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