Report of the city of Somerville 1927, Part 7

Author: Somerville (Mass.)
Publication date: 1927
Publisher:
Number of Pages: 418


USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1927 > Part 7


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During all this time the Committee has treated the Su- perintendent with the utmost courtesy and cordiality in all personal matters and has heartily joined him in working for the improvement of the schools. It is only fair to say that no other School Committee in this State has a better record for


126


ANNUAL REPORTS


educational achievement during this period than that made by the Somerville School Committee. In support of this state- ment the following citation of things done in whole or in part by the School Committee is offered.


Buildings. The school buildings erected during this time are the S. Newton Cutler and the Gordon A. Southworth schoolhouses for elementary schools ; the Zebedee E. Cliff and the Leonard B. Chandler schoolhouses for junior high schools ; two buildings for the Boys' Vocational School, extensive addi- tions to the high school plant, and to the Luther V. Bell school- house to adapt it to junior high school uses. To this list should be added the most costly building project ever undertaken by the city, which is now under way and which when completed in 1929 will give the city a splendid high school building modern in every way and provided with a first class gymnasium. All of these improvements were well conceived and have well served their immediate purpose. That some of them are not adequate for present day needs is neither strange nor unlooked for. It was clearly foreseen when these improvements were made that the lapse of time would make further extensions necessary. Such need now exists in several parts of the city.


Teachers. The teaching of the children has been im- proved by bettering the economic condition of the teachers. In 1908 the women teachers of the first eight grades had a maxi- mum salary of $700. The relatively small number of women teachers in the ninth grade had $75. more. Now there is an obtainable maximum of $2,000. for teachers of the first six grades and of $2,100. for teachers of the junior high schools. Teachers of the junior high schools who are college graduates get $100 more. In 1908 the maximum for teachers in the high school was $1,000. Now there is an obtainable maximum of $2,250.


The maximum salaries of men, whether principals or not, have been increased considerably but not in the same propor- tion as the increases for women.


Organization. Changing the course for elementary schools from 9 years to 8 years was recommended in 1909, be- gun in September, 1910, by raising the age of admission to the first grade from five years to six and starting the beginners on a course of study to be completed in eight grades. The transi- tion from the old to the new grading was accomplished in 1918 when the first class of graduates from the eight grade course


127


SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


· entered the high school with the last class of graduates from the nine year course.


Vocational Education was inaugurated in 1910 by open- ing a vocational school for boys in the Davis Schoolhouse. This school offered at first courses in woodworking and ma- chine operating. In addition to these it now offers automo- bile repairing, carpentry and electric wiring.


In October, 1911, an industrial school for girls was opened in a double dwelling house on Atherton Street, and was successfully conducted there until 1919. Then the school was closed, but its work was transferred to the High School, where as a Household Arts Course it continues as a part of the offering of that school.


Intermediate School. In June, 1914, the School Board authorized conducting in the Forster School, beginning in Sep- tember of that year, differentiated courses for the upper gram- mar grades. This experiment proved so satisfactory to the patrons of the school that the Committee decided to adopt it for the whole city.


The 6-3-3 Plan and the Junior High Schools. In 1916 the School Committee was confronted with the necessity of making plans for a building program to relieve overcrowding in the high and elementary schools. It realized that such a plan must contemplate and provide for not only existing needs for more accommodations, but that it must also provide for what- ever educational improvements the Committee planned to make in the future. Hence, it made a careful study of apply- ing to the whole city the organization of the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades of the school system which had been carried on so successfully in the Forster School. As a result of this study the Committee decided to reorganize the school course into three divisions comprising six grades for elementary schools, three for junior high schools, and three for senior high schools. It recommended that buildings be provided for four or five junior high schools to take the seventh and eightlı grades from the elementary schools and the ninth grade from the high school. As fast as this building program could be carried into effect relief from existing overcrowding would be given to the elementary schools and to the high school. This plan was adopted. Followed in order the opening of the Northern, the Eastern, the Western, and the Southern Junior High Schools. On March 3, 1924, the Northern and Eastern were combined in the Northeastern Junior High, which occu-


128


ANNUAL REPORTS


pied for the first time on that date the new building on Marsh- all Street.


Curriculum Changes. Some very important changes have been made in the curriculum, both of a kind intended to be general in its effects and of a kind designed to benefit chil- dren whose individual needs required special consideration and treatment.


A recount of these general changes, somewhat in the or- der of their adoption, follows,-a dental dispensary, establish- ed in 1910, one of the first to be opened in this state under the direction of the School Committee. There are now two dental dispensaries. In 1910, a class was established for children whose backwardness was such as to make their training in ordinary classes impracticable. This class, designated as an atypical class, was opened in the Bell School. A second atypical class was opened in the Hodgkins School in 1913. These provisions were made by the School Committee in advance of the public opinion which finally caused the enactment by the Legislature in 1919 of a law requiring school committees to establish spe- cial classes for the instruction, according to their mental at- tainments, of children three or more years retarded in mental development in attendance upon its public schools. We now have six such classes and provision for the forming of several others. In 1920, in cooperation with the Department of Edu- cation and the Commissioner of Mental Diseases, the School Committee caused a psychological clinic to begin the first of its annual visits to the schools of Somerville to conduct exami- nations for determining, as required by law, what pupils should be included in the special classes for children three or more years mentally retarded. In 1911, upon the voluntary retirement of Dr. Baxter, principal of the Latin High School, the Latin and English High Schools were combined in one, having the general type of organization. The school now offers three general courses of instruction, the preparatory, fitting for colleges or other higher schools of education ; the commer cial, giving preparation for certain business occupations ; and the general, offering a variety of academic studies. In 1912, school savings banks were started, superseding the stamp saving system. This system has continued and is now in oper- ation in all the schools of the city. In 1925, a supervisor of thrift instruction was appointed. In 1919, the Board made grammar school masters district supervising principals and combined the various elementary schools in groups, each under the administrative and educational supervision of a supervis-


129


SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


ing principal. In 1920, a continuation school was established in the High School building to give part-time instruction to girls and boys between 14 and 16 years of age who are at work under the authority of the employment certificate. In Sep- tember, 1924, the school was transferred to the Folsom Build- ing where it has ample room for the academic and practical arts instruction. Education in English for adults of foreign birth was begun in 1920, and special supervisors for this work were provided. During the present year, 17 classes have been conducted. In 1922, a class for children of defective eyesight was opened in the Highland School and is conducted there at the present time. In 1925, kindergarten teachers were given a two-session teaching day with an increase of pay to corres- pond to that of elementary school teachers. The number of kindergarten classes was increased to nine.


Further provision was made for special needs of chil- dren when the School Committee authorized the purchase late in 1926 of an audiometer, an instrument newly available for the accurate measurement of hearing. The use of this instru- ment substituted a scientific test of hearing for the more or less haphazard methods theretofore in use in making the annual test of hearing required by the laws of the State. In September of the next year, this measure was followed by the- appointment of a teacher of lip reading to give instruction in speech reading to children whose hearing was so impaired as to make such help necessary. In September, 1927, also another provision in the interest of children in need of special consideration was made in the employment of a Home Visitor. Another matter which might well be mentioned in this list of accomplishments is the development of instrumental music in the high and junior high schools. In 1920 a system of credits for both inside and outside study of music was adopted by the School Committee ; band music was made an elective in the junior high schools in April, 1925; and in November, 1925, the Superintendent was authorized to arrange for group instruction on orchestral and band instruments for children who want such instruction at their own expense. As a re- sult of these measures, there are now orchestras and bands in the high school and in each of the junior high schools,- well organized and well equipped.


Changes in school organization and management are mad»» only after careful consideration and as a result of strong reasons. Necessarily, they come about slowly, but this re- view of a period of years discovers a total of change impres-


130


ANNUAL REPORTS


sive in its significance and extent. All of these changes are in accord with the best practice among the schools of the day. They place our system in alignment with the most progressive cities in the State. The end of progress, however, has not yet been reached. New problems loom in the future to be solved by the present and succeeding School Committees. It cannot be doubted that they will be met with the same prompt- ness and discretion as have been these whose record herein has been briefly traced.


131


SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


SOMERVILLE HIGH SCHOOL


Students Entering Higher Institutions in September 1927


Boston College


3


Boston University


22


Harvard University


7


Chicago University


1


Colby College


1


Dartmouth College


1


Harvard University


7


Holy Cross College


1


Jackson College


5


Lasell Seminary


2


University of Maine


1


Mass. Agricultural College


1


Mass. Institute of Technology


11


Mass. College of Pharmacy


6


Normal Schools


19


Northeastern University


19


Radcliffe College


3


Sargent School


3


Simmons College


3


Tufts College


15


Wentworth Institute


1


Wheaton College


1


College of William & Mary


1


Miss Wheelock's School


3


Entering College


105


Entering Scientific Schools


12


Entering Normal Schools


25


SOMERVILLE HIGH SCHOOL


Distribution of Pupils by Subjects December, 1927


English


2214


Elocution


1083


History


1540


Problems


in Citizenship


86


Greek


15


Latin


563


French


1088


Spanish


426


German


65


Astronomy


and Geology


39


Chemistry


546


Physics


206


Biology


350


Physiology


50


Trigonometry


45


Solid Geometry


45


Review Geometry


211


132


132


ANNUAL REPORTS


Plane Geometry


360


Advanced Algebra


157


Review Algebra


274


Mathematics


(general) 180


Stenography


494


Typewriting


694


Bookkeeping


425


Penmanship


777


Commercial Law


27


Salesmanship


118


Business Arithmetic


61


Commerce and Industry


409


Debating


93


Manual Training


113


Mechanical Drawing


310


Freehand Drawing and Arts and Crafts


340


Households Arts


91


Cooking


111


Dressmaking


185


SOMERVILLE HIGH SCHOOL


Membership in High School Activities December, 1927


Students' Council


18


Traffic Squad


95


National Honor Society


30


School Orchestra (2)


69


School Band and Drum Corps


160


Girls' Glee Club (2)


99


Boys' Glee Club


50


Mandolin Club


9


School Paper


21


Girls' Debating Society


20


Boys' Debating Society


36


Literary Club


140


Players' Club


50


Spanish Club


35


Sketch Club


25


Chess Club


16


Girls' Athletic Association


200


High School Athletic Association


*


* All members of the school are considered members.


133


SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


SOMERVILLE TEACHERS' CLUB


Officers 1927-1928


President, Mary L. Bryant


Vice-Presidents, § Ardelle Abbott


) Edith L. Hunnewell Recording Secretary. Evelyn Macdonald Corresponding Secretary, Frances E. Biller Treasurer, Eleanor D. Campbell Auditor, Elizabeth Campbell


Object


The object shall be to secure a close union among the women teachers in Somerville; to promote the spirit of mu- tual helpfulness ; to advance professional interests; to create a deeper sense of the dignity of the profession; to unite the interests of the home and school.


Program


February 9-Guest Night. Shubert Male Quartette. Dorothy Peter- son Raynor, Soprano.


March 9-Concert by "The Knickerbocker Club".


April 13-Roland Tapley, Violinist; Wilma Dearborn Carter, Reader. May 11-Annual Meeting, Election of Officers. Reports of Committees. June 8-Annual Outing-Marblehead.


October 6-One Act Play by Somerville High School Players Club, under direction of Harriet M. Bell. Music by Harold Seader.


November 4, 5-Rainbow Bazaar.


December 14-Christmas Party.


SOMERVILLE HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION


Annual Report of the Treasurer January 1, 1928


Receipts


Balance on hand January 1, 1927


$1,312 18


Baseball games


$998 96


Football games


5,918 71


Interest


14 33


Miscellaneous


104 03


7,036 03


$8,348 21


134


ANNUAL REPORTS


Expenditures


Athletic supplies


$2,079 57


Medical supplies and service


88 40


Paid visiting teams


1,341 60


Officials


398 00


Police


485 00


Assistance at games


144 00


Postage


6 00


Printing


62 75


Telephone


16 15


Transportation


214 30


Coaching


512 00


Physician's salary


200 00


Treasurer's salary


400 00


Dues to Athletic Association


3 50


Miscellaneous


288 78


Balance on hand January 1, 1928


$6,240 05 $2,108 16


GEORGE E. PEARSON,


Treasurer.


135


SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


In Memoriam


MARGARET D. QUARRIE


Burns School Died March 4, 1927


JOHN J. MALONE Northeastern Junior High School Died April 24, 1927


CORA B. GOWEN Bennett School Died August 9, 1927


ELIZABETH J. STOLBA Western Junior High School Died October 29, 1927


STATEMENT OF WORK OF SCHOOL DENTAL DISPENSARY PROCTOR SCHOOL For the School Year Ending June 30, 1927


MONTH.


No. of Children


Treated


No. of First


Appointments


No. Reappointments.


Teeth Extracted.


No. Teeth Filled.


No. Cleansings.


No. Having Brush.


No. Having no Brush


Amount of fees


Incidental Expenses.


Novocain.


Treatments.


Examinations


September


73


32


41


23


20


18


69


4


$14.85


$4.66


0


29


0


October


142


50


92


46


30


8


124


18


23.35


6.41


3


86


7


November


171


53


118


52


38


4


160


11


27.10


8.87


5


104


9


December


132


38


94


37


23


5


130


2


18.95


4.87


3


99


5


January


187


60


127


33


39


17


172


15


26.45


9.02


2


153


4


February


166


34


132


23


20


19


163


3


20.60


5.49


2


118


6


March


193


53


140


46


33


7


187


6


27.95


8.05


9


134


April


177


51


126


27


35


11


172


5


25.40


7.37


5


128


9


May .


165


31


134


32


26


9


159


6


20.90


6.63


3


125


12


June


157


26


131


30


40


14


155


2


23.05


5.84


5


106


3


Total


1563


428


1


1135


349


304


112


1491


72


$228.60


$67.21


37


1082


62


COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL STATEMENT


Receipts :-


1924-1925


1925-1926


1926-1927


Cash on hand September 1


$58.51


$47.76


$44.00


From fees.


191.88


201.36


228.60


From sale of tooth brushes


224.78


11.79


10.45


$475.17


$260.91


$283.05


Expenditures :-


For supplies


$209.72


$202.51


$168.49


For tooth brushes.


217.69


14.40


18.00


Cash on hand June 27.


47.76


44.00


96.56


$475.17


$260.91


$283.05


ANNUAL REPORTS


136


Collected


STATEMENT OF WORK OF SCHOOL NURSES For Year Ending June, 1927


INSPECTIONS


PUPILS ESCORTED TO CLINICS


Oper-


ations


Conta- gion found in


* Home Visits


Hy- giene Talks


Pedic- ulosis


Un- clean


Eye


Ear


Nose and Throat


*Med - ical


Skin


Dental


Optician


Corrected Vision


Corrected Hearing


Tonsils


Adenoids


School


Home


New


Old


School


Home


September ..


96


2488


64


137


3


230


434


3


60


36


32


6


5


2


11


385


2


October


108


8


4388


336


162


12


141


895


41


148


236


75


98


8


4


1


20


1


25


5


514


November ..


93


13


3844


116


130


5


99


2811


150


96


153


28


115


8


126


47


7


1


1


14


1


412


2


December ..


91


11


3010


179


166


18


104


1994


287


115


24


12


1


2


1


84


15


l


1


1


7


2


625


January .....


111


3677


178


212


7


133


1277


538


169


258


20


155


10


1


22


54 14


5


1


1


7


17


465


2


February ...


93


8


4413


143


163


1


157


2404


428


213


244


53


142


5


7


50


2


1


1


1


8


1195


1


March


109


12


5366


99


212


7


202


1985


837


74


240


39


190


9


2


10


43


6


3


97,


4


1361


1


April


100


6


3095


112


175


14


145


531


734


102


185


37


161


2


1


6


3


1


4


2


27


784


May


83


2362


110


163


3


237


93


13


61


192


15


209


2


1


2


2


2


15


3


550


2


72


2


2291


74


108


5


145


13


574


32


83


95


1


1


1


3


3


9


321


Total.


956


68


34934


1411


1628


75


1593


12437 3605 1070 1771


323 1324


49


17


1


2


1


1


280 269 23


23


4 12


5


6 8


23


6612 10


*Treated by family physician or dentist


New: Seen first time during School Year Old : Cases followed up


394 Class talks given


School


Hospital


Total No. of Pupils


Notice sent to


Guardian


Teachers


Z New


Old


New


Old


New


Old


New


Old


New


Old


New


Old


New


Old


New


Old


New


Old


-


..


...


...


...


...


...


..


30


...


..


DATE


seen


Consultation with


Consultation With


Treatment in School


Dental


Med. Inspector


144


153


3


2


3


June.


159


138


ANNUAL REPORTS


CONTENTS OF APPENDIX


SUMMARY OF STATISTICS


Population and school census.


School buildings.


Teachers.


Attendance for year.


Cost of school maintenance.


Teachers' salaries.


MISCELLANEOUS TABLES


CONCERNING FINANCE


No. of Table.


1. Schedule of school property.


2. Cost of maintaining schools, school year 1926-1927.


3. Cost per capita of maintaining schools, school year 1926-1927.


4. Cost of maintaining schools for a series of years.


5. Cost per capita for maintaining schools for a series of years.


6. Amount spent annually for new school buildings and for re- pairs for a series of years.


CONCERNING PUPILS


7. Population and school registration.


8. Attendance, etc., of the schools for school year 1926-1927.


9. Statistics of the high school for school year 1926-1927.


10. Pupils by grades, June, 1927.


11. Separate statistics for high, junior high, elementary and vo- cational schools, for school year 1926-1927.


12. Admissions to first grade in September.


13. Number of junior high school graduates, 1927.


14. Truant statistics for a series of years.


15. Evening school statistics, 1926-1927.


16. Elementary school promotees for a series of years.


17. Attendance statistics of all schools for a series of years.


18. Statistics of the high school for a series of years.


19. Promotions, junior high schools, 1927.


19a Promotions, elementary schools, 1927.


CONCERNING TEACHERS


20. Resignations of teachers, 1927.


21. Teachers elected in 1927.


22. Leave of absence of teachers.


23. Transfers of teachers.


24. Number of teachers employed for a series of years.


139


SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


STATISTICAL AND GENERAL TABLES


25. Changes in textbooks, 1927.


26. High and Junior High School graduation exercises, 1927.


27. Vocational school graduation exercises, 1927.


28. Organization of school board for 1928.


29. Teachers in service January, 1928.


30. Officers in service January, 1928.


31. School janitors.


SUMMARY OF STATISTICS 1 .- POPULATION AND SCHOOL CENSUS


Population state census, 1895


52,200


Population, United States census, 1900


61,643


Population, state census, 1905


69,272


Population, United States census, 1910


77,236


Population, state census, 1915


86,854


Population, United States census, 1920


93,033


Population, state census, 1925


99,032


Children between five and fifteen years of age inclusive,


October, 1927 by school census


18,202


2 .- SCHOOL BUILDINGS


Number of school buildings in June


31


Number of classrooms in use in June


406


Valuation of school property


$3,219,400


3 .- TEACHERS


*1926


*1927


Change


In high schools


75


79


+4


In junior high schools


118


125


+7


In elementary schools


224


224


0


In kindergartens


15


16


+1


Total in elementary schools


239


240


+1


Vocational school for boys


9


10


+1


Independent Household Arts


1


1


0


Atypical classes


4


6


4-2


Sight Saving


1


1


0


Cadet teachers


12


14


+2


Special


12


12


0


Continuation


3


3


0


Americanization


2


1


-1


Total


476


492


+16


4 .- ATTENDANCE FOR YEAR


*1926


*1927


Change


Entire enrollment for the year ...


16,687


16,669


-18


Average number belonging


15,042


15,042


0


Average number attending


14,074


14,094


+20


Per cent. of daily attendance


93.6


93.7


+0.1


High school graduates


524


521


-3


Junior High school graduates


...


1,150


1,025


-125


140


ANNUAL REPORTS


5 .- COST OF SCHOOL MAINTENANCE


*1926


Change


Salaries of teachers


$833,572 45


*1987 $923,687 08 20,901 25


+$90,114 63


Salaries of officers


18,185 45


+2,715 80


Cost of books and supplies


46,497 42


47,388 18


+890 76


Cost of light and power


13,318 97


13,186 70


-132 27


Cost of janitors' services, etc.


74,923 61


82,772 86


+7,849 25


Cost of fuel and insurance ....


23,316 51


39,524 04


+16,207 53


Total cost of day and evening schools


1,009,814 41


1,127,460 11


+117,645 70


Per capita cost


67 13


74 95


+7 82


Cost of high school instruc- tion


165,567 83


180,659 14


+15,091 31


Per capita cost


81 72


85 42


+3 70


6 .- MISCELLANEOUS


*1926


*1927


Change


Paid for new school build- ings


$741 16


$22,000 00


+$21,258 84


Repairs and permanent


improvements


59,902 42


77,200 66


+17,298 24


Total school expenditures


1,070,457 99


1,226,660 77


+156,202 78


Valuation of city


109,262,400 00


116,406,900 00


+7,144,500 00


Number of dollars spent


to maintain schools out


of every $1,000 of valua- tion


9 15


9 69


+0 54


Number of dollars spent


for all school purposes


out of every $1,000 of valuation


9 79


10 54


+0 75


** School year.


Cost of the Schools


The total amount spent for the maintenance of the schools of Somerville for the school year ending June 30, 1927, is $1,127,460.11.


This includes the sums spent for care of school build- ings, including janitors' services, fuel, light, and school tele- phones; the amount paid for salaries of officers, and the amount spent for school supplies; and the sum paid for sal- aries of teachers.


The expenditure for care for school buildings is wholly in charge of the City Government.


The amount paid for janitors is


$82,772 86


The cost of fuel is


39,524 04


The cost of light is


13,186 70


A total cost of


$135,483 60


The cost per capita $9 01


Cost of repairs


$77,200 66


141


SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


The second important expenditure is wholly under the control of the School Committee and is covered by what is known as the "School Contingent" appropriation. The fol- lowing is the itemized account :-


DAY SCHOOLS.


EVENING SCHOOLS.


Expenditures.


Total.


High and Vocational


Elementary


High and Vocational


Elementary


CONTINUATION SCHOOLS AND AMERICANIZA - TION WORK


Officers' Sala- ries


Office Expenses Textbooks ...


$20,901.25 3,047 76 15,519.45


$5,754.79


$9.577.38


$138.35


$26.50


$22.43


Stationery and Supplies and Other Ex-


penses of In-


23,648.40


12,546.80


10,613.06


293.16


33.56


111.82


struction ....... Miscellaneous (Tuition, etc.)


5,172.57


1,306.09


3,639.14


124.31


19.00


84.03


Total


$68,289.43


$19,657.68


$23.829.58


$555.82


$79.06


$218.28


The third, and by far the largest, element of the cost of schools is the sum spent for the salaries of teachers. This expenditure is under the control of the School Committee.


The following statement shows the distribution of the sums paid for salaries :-


DAY SCHOOLS.


EVENING SCHOOLS.


CONTINUATION SCHOOLS AND AMERICANIZA - TION WORK


Expenditures.


Total.


High and Vocational


Elementary


High and Vocational


Elementary


Supervisors Principals Teachers


$21.580.38 51,527.00 850,579.70


7,009.05 13,842.00 269,275.49


$13.672.08 36.558.00 563,438.21


$615.00 6,003.00


$462.00 1,224.00


$899.25 50.00 10,639.00


Total


$923.687.08


$290,126.54


$613,C68.29


$6,618.00


$1,686.00


$11,588.25


The total outlay for all school purposes includes all of the preceding and the sums spent for schoolhouse repairs and new buildings.


142


ANNUAL REPORTS


The total outlay for the school year ending June 30, 1927 is as follows :-


Care


$135,483 60


Contingent


47,388 18


Salaries


944,588 33


Total for school maintenance


$1,127,460 11


Paid for repairs


77,200 66


Paid for new buildings


22,000 00


Total for all school purposes


$1,226,660 77


Each dollar of the sum spent for the support of schools has been divided in the following proportion :-


1922


1923 $0.068


1924 $0.072


1925 $0.077


1926 $0.074


1927 $0.073


Heat and light


0.042


0.080


0.047


0.056


0.036


0.047


Administration




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