USA > Massachusetts > Hampden County > Springfield > Springfield, 1636-1886 : history of town and city, including an account of the quarter-millennial celebration at Springfield, Mass., May 25 and 26, 1886 > Part 44
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SPRINGFIELD, ILL., June 4, 1860.
MY DEAR SIR, - It seems as if the question whether my first name is " Abra- ham" or " Abram" will never be settled. It is " Abraham," and if the letter of acceptance is not yet in print, you may, if you think fit, have my signature thereto printed " Abraham Lincoln." Exercise your judgment about this.
Yours, as ever,
A. LINCOLN.
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But Mr. Ashmun had still an important service to perform after Mr. Lincoln's election. Thousands of men were waiting to hear from Stephen A. Douglas. Mr. Aslunun was a friend of both. It fell upon him to make the convincing appeal to Mr. Douglas's patriot- ism. It was a long struggle. The two men debated until late at night ; and when at length Douglas determined to stand by the Lincoln administration, he urged Ashman not to wait until morning, but to hasten to Mr. Lincoln, who learned it before he slept, and the papers of the land had it the next morning. It is a fact that has escaped notice that Mr. Douglas stood immediately back of Lincoln on the platform during the delivery of his inaugural address, and held the President's tall hat for him, as there was no place to put it.
Mr. Lincoln was just starting for Ford's Theatre on the fatal night when Mr. Ashmun called. He pencilled on his knee as he was about to take the carriage the following note :
Allow Mr. Ashmun and friend to come in at nine A. M. to-morrow.
A. LINCOLN. Judge C. P. DALY, of New York.
This note, the last words written by Abraham Lincoln, is now in the possession of George A. Morton, of this city, who also has Lin- coln's letter accepting his first nomination for the presidency.
Ashmun's old law partner, Reuben A. Chapman, was chosen a Lincoln presidential elector. He had received a handsome vote for attorney-general in the republican convention which nominated John A. Andrew for governor ; but a better position was open to him, and, in October, 1860, he was duly qualified judge of the Supreme Court.
The Massachusetts democrats turned to E. D. Beach once more for governor. The Bell and Everett convention put Henry Morris on its ticket as attorney-general. Stephen C. Bemis was a Douglas and Johnson elector, and Chester W. Chapin a Breckinridge and Lane elector. Homer Foot was a councillor on the Douglas
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ticket, and J. W. Crook a councillor on the Breckinridge ticket. Springfield also furnished these candidates in that famous campaign : State Senate : O. A. Seamans (Douglas) ; Luther Upton (Breckin- ridge) ; Timothy W. Carter (republican). Representatives : Samuel Smith, Dennis Hubbard, and Henry Reynolds (Breckinridge) ; Will- iam B. Calhoun, Simeon Newell, and Oliver Bannon (republican) . County commissioner, William Pynchon (Douglas) .
The Springfield Wide-awakes organized with Hosea C. Lombard as captain, and A. N. Merrick, C. R. Ladd, A. G. Sinclair, George S. Haskell, Henry S. Lee, and A. J. Plummer, the executive committee. At a grand Wide-awake meeting in Springfield, in September, Henry Wilson said, "On the slavery question the democratic party has divided ; the head is with Breckinridge in the South; the tail is floating round with Douglas at the North."
In spite of the stress of national politics the city went democratic a few weeks after the general election. The first election was a tie, Mayor Daniel L. Harris, republican, and Stephen C. Bemis, democrat, receiving each 889 votes. The contest was not strictly political, the question of free rum having come to the surface. Mr. Bemis secured a majority of 90 at the second election, December 19.
Mr. Harris had made a courageous, business-like mayor. He was in no sense a politician. If he had looked to political preferment with the care he showed in securing a favorable balance-sheet for the city during his administration, his reelection would probably have been assured. Springfield entered the war period with growing demo- cratic proclivities. Henry Alexander, Jr., who was probably one of the best political managers of that day, was pitted unsuccessfully against Mayor Bemis in 1861. The condition of the police depart- ment was the local issue in that campaign. S. B. Spooner, Jr., was elected clerk and treasurer without opposition. Col. James M. Thompson was elected to the State Senate in November, and Theodore Stebbins, William L. Smith, and Nathaniel Howard, to the Legislature. Postmaster Chapin retired in May, after eight years'
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faithful service, and was succeeded by William Stowe, who was at that time clerk of the Massachusetts House of Representatives.
Capt. George Dwight superseded Colonel Wright as superintendent of the armory in the spring of 1861.
The time had now come for the expression of substantial patriot- ism, and the sons of Springfield forgot their party differences in the common cause. The War Department, just before the storming of Fort Sumter, ordered away from Springfield a lot of guns, an act that roused a deep feeling of resentment. Dr. C. C. Chaffee was consulted as to the best plan to pursue, and he intimated that it would take a long time to pack those guns properly. The hint was taken. The slowest workmen were detailed to box the weapons. The impatient authorities repeatedly asked why the arms had not been shipped. That boxing job was not finished until the " boys in blue " were ready to use them.
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THE OLD COUNTY JAIL.
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Judge R. A. Chapman called to order the first grand war rally in Springfield, in April, 1861. "I believe," he exclaimed, with an animation quite uneommon with him,-" I believe in nothing but the unconditional surrender of the rebels. I would have that, or hang every man of them." Mayor Bemis presided at this meeting. A large glee club of patriotic men and women furnished the music. The stately and venerable William B. Calhoun offered the resolutions, and William L. Smith was the first to support them, with the senti- ment that the government should and would " go through Baltimore to Washington." This committee of finance and information was appointed : James M. Thompson, John L. King, Charles L. Shaw, Henry Alexander, Jr., F. A. Barton, and George R. Townsley.
The city government promptly voted $30,000 for volunteers. Springfield was an active place, and the whole community kept a close eye on government property. A Boston reporter came up to Springfield to see the Desmarteau hanging in the spring of 1861 at the jail, and he was overhauled upon suspicion of being a spy. Strangers were seen prowling about the water-shops, and a sentry sent a ball whistling by their ears.
Otis Childs was appointed United States deputy marshal and Will- iam L. Smith United States commissioner. In June, 1861, Hampden park was turned into a military camp. There was the usual friction between the raw recruit and the mess-room. One hundred volunteers mutinied on account of inferior rations, but Lieutenant Lombard's company prevented their running the guard.
On the last Sunday in June Dr. Tiffany's Unitarian church was flooded with soldiery. Muskets were stacked before the pulpit and decorated with flowers. The saered edifice shook with the thunderous strains of the "Star-Spangled Banner," and Dr. Tiffany's sermon was pitched upon that deep, patriotic key.
The matrons and sisters of this community were soon enlisted in the work of contributing to the comfort and convenience of the soldiers. It was a time for picking lint, knitting mittens, and fur-
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nishing extra clothing ; and, after the solemn farewells, this service of the home groups made very touching pictures.
The destruction of the Harper's Ferry armory left the Springfield arsenal the main resource of the government for a time. Superin- tendent Dwight was turning out three thousand five hundred muskets per month, some of the departments running the full twenty-four hours. The large arsenal, emptied of arms, was fitted up for a work- shop. The new fence about the armory grounds was completed in the autumn. The material was secured from condemned cannon. Superintendent Dwight was superseded by Capt. A. B. Dyer, U.S.A., in August, 1861, in accordance with a vote of Congress for military men as superintendents. Captain Dyer held his position until 1864.
About one hundred and fifty small dwelling-houses were put up in Springfield in 1862. D. W. Barnes built the Main-street block bear- ing his name. Day & Jobson added a block above the depot. Wilkinson & Cummings built near the corner of Main and Taylor streets. Private residences were erected by William Gunn, Gurden Bill, Dr. Holland, T. M. Walters, Dr. Brooks, and many others. The present court-house was built in 1874. The appearance of the river has been inch changed since the building of the iron railroad bridge in 1873, the north end bridge in 1877, and the south end bridge in 1878. With the opening of the latter the career of the ferry-boat "Agawam " came to an end.
The Springfield banks suspended specie payment in January, 1862, in accordance with a general movement. They were doing a good business, however.
In the fall of 1862 Henry Alexander, Jr., was elected mayor over Willis Phelps, democrat. A. T. Folsom did not get the republican nomination for city clerk, but the democrats accepted him, and he was elected. Mr. Folsom has proved by long and faithful service one of Springfield's best clerks. He overhauled and filed the docu- ments and loose papers of that office, and after months of dreary
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sorting the papers were put in packages and boxes in chronological and topical order. To Mr. Folsom's methods and industry is due the present admirable condition of the city clerk's office.
The local canvass of the autumn of 1863 was very much mixed in reference to representatives. The attempt to return Trask, Harris, and Mosely to the Legislature failed. In Ward 4 Warner C. Sturtevant, republican, and E. W. Bond, democrat, were tied. Daniel L. Harris ran in Ward 5 as an independent republican, and Titus Amadon, republican, was elected in Ward 6. Sturtevant was subsequently elected. In the city elections, a few weeks later, ex- Mayor Bemis undertook to take the mayoralty away from Henry Alexander, Jr., and failed to do it, by five hundred votes. Mayor Alexander had favored macadamized streets and more school- houses, and as there was a bolt in the republican ranks, led by D. L. Ilarris, Mr. Alexander's reelection was a genuine triumph. The aldermen elected were: N. W. Talcott, William Patton, N. D. Briggs, F. H. Harris, Charles Barrows, W. H. Wilkinson, Virgil Perkins, and H. E. Mosely.
William S. Shurtleff was appointed judge of the Court of Probate and Insolvency in the place of Judge John Wells, resigned, in Sep- tember, 1863. Mr. Shurtleff had made a good record as register of the court for several years. We will speak presently of his command of the Forty-sixth Regiment, which had just left the service. Samuel B. Spooner succeeded Shurtleff as register.
A. D. Briggs, republican, was elected mayor in 1864 without op- position. Henry Alexander, Jr., was elected State senator, and Horace J. Chapin, Charles A. Winchester, and L. H. Taylor were sent to the Legislature. A. N. Merrick was elected county commis- sioner, Charles R. Ladd, county treasurer, and James E. Russell, register of deeds.
Lewis H. Taylor, a " profunder," made an unsuccessful attempt in 1865 to prevent Mayor Briggs's reelection ; and Willis Phelps was quite as unsuccessful, the next year, to prevent a third term for Mr.
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Briggs, who commanded the general confidence of the business com- munity, and he was also a man of substantial personal qualities.
The Baptists held a semicentennial celebration in May, 1861. The Baptist Church was organized in 1811, at the residence of Solo- mon Chapin, at the water-shop, with nineteen members. The first edifice was built in 1821, near the water-shops, Rev. Allen Hough,
AGAWAM
VILLCLEAVES S
" AGAWAM " FERRY-BOAT.
pastor ; the second, at the corner of Maple and Mulberry streets, in 1836 ; and the third, on Main street, was dedicated in 1847. In 1861 Dr. Ide was the Baptist apostle in these parts.
Three full regiments were organized at Springfield during the War of the Rebellion. The Tenth Massachusetts Volunteers was one of the first enlisted, and mustered for three years' service. It was composed almost entirely of the militia companies of western Mas- sachusetts, reorganized to meet the requirements of the national ser- vice. It encamped on Hampden park, the first companies arriving
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on the 31st of May, 1861, the others following within a few days. The Springfield City Guard formed one of the companies, and in the organization of the regiment was known as Company F. Its officers were : Captain, Hosea C. Lombard ; 1st lieutenant, Hiram A. Keith ; 2d lieutenant, George W. Bigelow. The other officers of the regiment from Springfield were : 1st lieutenant and adjutant, Oliver Edwards ; chaplain, Rev. Frederick A. Barton : captains, Frederick Barton, Joseph K. Newell, George W. Bigelow, Homer G. Gilmore, and Edwin L. Knight ; 1st lieutenants, Byron Porter, L. Oscar Eaton, Ed- win B. Bartlett, and Levi Ross ; 2d lieutenants, James Knox, Henry E. Crane. In the non-commissioned staff were E. K. Wilcox and Roslin W. Bowles, serving as sergeant-majors. Lieutenant Bartlett was killed on the 18th of May, 1864, at Spottsylvania. The regi- ment was reviewed by Governor Andrew and staff on the 10th of July, and five days later was presented with State and national colors of unusual magnificence by the ladies of Springfield ; Mrs. Barnes, the wife of Gen. James Barnes, making the presentation.
Next day the regiment took cars for Medford, where, in Camp Adams, on the Mystic river, it found very agreeable quarters, in which, perfecting itself in drill and discipline, it remained till the 25th, when it left the State for Washington.
The Twenty-seventh Regiment was made up from the four western counties of the State, under the call for five new regiments, issued the 1st of September, 1861, which later formed the Massachusetts quota of the " Burnside Expedition." The duty of recruiting and organizing the command was assigned to Horace C. Lee, of Spring- field, who had had large experience in militia matters. He had just before been offered the lieutenant-colonelcy of the Twenty-first Regi- ment, then in camp at Worcester. Accepting instead the wider field of usefulness, Mr. Lee caused recruiting offices to be opened in ten of the principal towns of the district on the 10th, and in a few days several of the companies were well filled ; and Camp Reed, at Spring- field. - so named in honor of Quartermaster-General Reed, of Massa-
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chusetts, - sitnated a mile east of the national armory, was appointed as the place of rendezvous. Two companies arrived on the 19th, others followed in a day or two, and the regiment rapidly took form, the last of the companies reporting on the 24th.
In the organization of the regiment Springfield furnished the fol- lowing officers : Colonel, Horace C. Lee ; surgeon, George A. Otis ; cap- tains, Gustavns A. Fuller, Walter G. Bartholomew, and Horace K. Cooley ; 1st lieutenants, John W. Trafton, Peter S. Bailey, Ed- ward K. Wilcox, and George Warner ; 2d lientenant, W. Chapman Hunt. Ira B. Sampson, William A. White, and William H. Cooley were subsequently commissioned second lieutenants in the regiment. Many of the line officers received promotion, Captain Bartholomew becoming lientenant-colonel. Edward K. Wilcox, having attained the rank of captain, was killed at Cold Harbor on the 3d of June. He was at the time on staff duty, but seeing his regiment about to en- gage in a desperate charge on the enemy's works, he sprang in front of the line, cheering them forward, but meeting a soldier's fate in the act of scaling the enemy's works.
The regiment was reviewed on the 1st of November by Governor Andrew, and the next day camp was broken, a train of twenty- one cars taking the command westward over the Boston & Albany Railroad at four o'clock in the afternoon.
The Forty-sixth Regiment, recruited for the nine months' service, in the autumn of 1862, was composed of Hampden county men, and gathered at Camp N. P. Banks during September and October, the camp being commanded by Colonel Walker, of Spring- field. Company A was a Springfield organization, and was officered by Capt. Samuel B. Spooner, 1st Lieut. Lewis A. Tifft, and 2d Lieut. Daniel J. Marsh. It was in some respects a notable organization, being largely made up of young business men of the city.
Another company was organized in the summer of 1864 for the one hundred days' service, and was attached to the Forty-sixth
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Massachusetts Regiment as Company A, having as officers Capt. Lewis A. Tifft, 1st Lient. Gideon Wells, 2d Lieut. Chauncey Hickox, all of Springfield.
William S. Shurtleff went out as lieutenant-colonel of the Forty- sixth, becoming colonel in January, 1863, on the resignation of Colonel Bowler. In fact, the regiment was under his command dur- ing most of its term of service, and to his ability owed much of its excellent reputation. Colonel Shurtleff was well qualified to have filled a position of greater importance. He enlisted as a private in Company A, Forty-sixth Regiment, was chosen first lieutenant on the organization of the company, was made lieutenant-colonel before taking the field, and colonel upon the resignation of Colonel Bowler. At the time of his promotion Captain Spooner was made major. Henry M. Morehouse, of Springfield, was quartermaster during the regiment's service. The regiment, being filled to its maximum, was ordered on the 1st of November to prepare for departure, and left on the 5th for Boston, whence it at once sailed for North Carolina.
The Thirty-seventh Regiment, although organized at Pittsfield, drew largely from Springfield for its officers and men, Company I being wholly and Company K largely recruited from the city. Of its officers, Col., afterward Gen., Oliver Edwards, Maj. Eugene A. Allen, Capts. Hugh Donnelly, John B. Malloy, George B. Chandley, Francis E. Gray, 1st Lieuts. William A. Calhoun, J. Newton Fuller, Charles Phelps, and James O'Connor, and 2d Lieuts. Michael Harrigan, Robert A. Gray, and Joseph Follansbee were from Springfield. The last named was the only one of this number to die in service, he being mortally wounded in the battle of the Wilderness. On its return from service after the close of the war this regiment received a fitting ovation at the City Hall, on its way to be mustered out at Readville.
There were, besides, several companies in other regiments princi- pally or largely made up of Springfield men. Such was Company H, of the Eighth Regiment, which served from Oct. 30, 1862, to Aug.
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7, 1863, Capt. George R. Davis and Ist Lieut. William J. Landen being from Springfield, while the enlisted men were about equally divided between that city and Boston. The same company, re- organized, went out again for one hundred days, from the 20th of July to the 10th of November, 1864. Its commissioned officers at that time were Capt. William J. Landen, 1st Lieut. Charles R. Wood, and 2d Lieut. John Thayer, - all of Springfield. Company H, Forty- second Regiment, Capt. George M. Stewart, for the one hundred days' term, was recruited here. The Thirteenth Unattached Company, Heavy Artillery, - afterwards Company I, Third Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, - which served from Feb. 10, 1864, to Sept. 26, 1865, was made up of Springfield mechanics, and after joining the Army of the James served as a special engineer corps, being in charge of one of the ponton trains. Of its officers, Capt. Oliver J. Bixby, Ist Lient. John F. E. Chamberlain, and 2d Lieut. Charles H. Ladd, were Springfield men. The Thirtieth Unattached Company Heavy Artillery, which served from Sept. 1, 1864, to June 16, 1865, was raised at Springfield, the officers from that city being 1st Lient. Morrill Pres- cott and 2d Lieut. Samuel R. Siskron.
Of Springfield officers serving in other commands the following may be mentioned : Col. James Barnes, Surg. David P. Smith, Asst. Surg. Edwin F. Silcox, Capt. James D. Orne, and 2d Lieut. John D. Isbell (died in service July 16, 1862), of the Eighteenth Regiment ; 1st Lieut. Wells Willard (afterward captain in the Thirty-fourth), 1st Lieut. Asa E. Hayward, and 2d Lieut. James W. Hopkins, of the Twenty-first Regiment ; 1st Lieuts. Joseph L. Hal- lett and Frauk A. Cook (died at Baton Rouge, Aug. 6, 1863), and 2d Lient. Martin M. Pulver, of the Thirty-first Regiment ; Capt. George W. Thompson (killed in action, Sept. 19, 1864), and 2d Lieut. J. Austin Lyman, of the Thirty-fourth Regiment ; Capt. Watson W. Bridge, of the Fifty-fourth Regiment ; Capt. Robert J. Hamilton and 1st Lieut. Charles W. Mutell, of the Fifty-fifth ; Asst. Surg. Jerome E. Roberts, of the Fifty-sixth ; 2d Lients. Henry B.
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Fiske and George S. Greene, of the Fifty-seventh ; Asst. Surg. Albert R. Rice, of the Forty-ninth; Capt. Ira B. Sampson, 1st Lieuts. Alfred H. Kinsley and Horace L. Clark, of the Second Heavy Artillery ; 2d Lieut. Willard Holden, of the Third Heavy Artillery ; Asst. Surg. Homer II. Warner and 2d Lieuts. Horace M. Butler, George Howe, and George D. Davis, of the First Cavalry ; 2d Lient. Henry M. Phillips, of the Fourth Cavalry.
Brevet Brig .- Gen. Horace C. Lee was city clerk and treasurer of Springfield at the breaking out of the Rebellion, and his eminent military capacities, by which he had several years before risen to the rank of colonel and acting brigadier in the State militia, made it desirable that his services should be secured for his country. On the 23d of August, 1861, he was offered the second place in the field of the Twenty-first Regiment, then being formed, and went to Boston to accept it, when he was given authority to raise, in western Massachusetts, one of five regiments which had just been authorized. This he did; and on the 20th of September was commissioned colonel of the Twenty-seventh Regiment, forming a part of the Burn- side expedition to North Carolina. He ably commanded the regi- ment at the battles of Roanoke Island and Newbern, and until July 4, 1862, when he took command of the brigade, leading it in the Trenton, Tarboro', and Goldsboro' expeditions, and winning praise for the able handling of his troops in repulsing General Clingman's attack at the latter place. He was recommended by General Foster for promotion to the rank of brigadier ; but the commission was not granted, on account of the number already given to Massachusetts officers. On the departure of General Burnside he was appointed provost-marshal- general of North Carolina, and, later, of the Department of Virginia and North Carolina, and acted in that capacity until the office was abolished by General Butler, in January, 1864. He then served upon commissions and court-martial until the opening of the campaign, in May following, when he resumed command of his regiment, leading it at Walthal Junction, Arrowfield Church, and Drewry's Bluff. In
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the latter engagement he was made prisoner with a large portion of his command, and was confined in Libby prison and at Macon, Ga. From the latter place he was removed, June 10, and, with many other Union officers of like rank, placed under the fire of Federal batteries at Charleston, S.C. Being exchanged, on the 2d of August, 1864,
OLD ELY TAVERN AND BLAKE HOMESTEAD, DWIGHT STREET.
he went North on a month's furlough, but returned to Fortress Monroe in time to intercept his regiment, then under orders for North Carolina, and procured the return to Massaelmisetts of those whose time was about to expire. He was mustered ont of service with them, Septem- ber 27, 1864, and for meritorious service received a well-deserved brevet of brigadier-general, dating from March 13, 1865. He then served four years in the Boston Custom-house, and twelve years as
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postmaster of Springfield, dying June 22, 1884, soon after vacating the latter office.
Brevet Maj .- Gen. James Barnes, of Springfield, was graduated from the Military Academy, West Point, in the class of 1829. He passed a year there as assistant instructor, took part in the Black Hawk expedition of 1832, and during the nullification controversy, soon after, was stationed at Charleston harbor. He then 'returned to West Point as assistant instructor, and served three years, when he resigned his commission in 1836. He became noted as a civil engineer and a builder of railroads, and was engaged in large business enterprises when the war broke out. But neither his business interests nor liis advancing age and the comforts of home life could stand between this pure-minded patriot and the service of his country, and, at the age of fifty-five, on the twenty-sixth of July, 1861, he was commissioned colonel of the Eighteenth Massachusetts Volunteers. He commanded his fine regiment with signal ability until after the close of the Peninsular campaign, when he succeeded to the command of Martindale's Brigade of the Fifth Corps, and, dating from the 29th of November, 1862, was promoted to brigadier-general of volunteers. He was in command of the brigade during the Antietam, Fredericks- burg, and Chancellorsville campaigns, and at Gettysburg had risen to the command of the First Division, Fifth Corps. Leading his com- mand to the reliet of the Union left, near the close of the second day's battle, he was wounded, and did not again return to active duty in the field. After the battle he was placed in charge of the defences at Norfolk, Va., and vicinity, then, in succession, of St. Mary's Dis- triet and the encampment of Confederate prisoners at Point Lookout, Md., where he remained till the close of the war, receiving the brevet of major-general of volunteers, from March 13, 1865. He remained in commission until January 15, 1866, when he was mustered out, and returned to his home, but never regained his health, dying there on the 12th of February, 1869.
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