USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Cambridge > The Cambridge directory for 1860 > Part 2
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Shepard, from North Avenue to Garden. Short, from Bridge to North, Ward 3. Short, from Pleasant to Magazine, Ward 4. Soden, from Western Avenue to Green. Somerset, from Pleasant to River. Somerset Place, from Magazine to Pleasant. South, from Brighton to Holyoke.
South First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth, from Cambridge, Ward 3. Sparks, from Mt. Auburn to Vassal Lane. Spring, from South Second to South Seventh.
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STREETS, ETC.
Spruce, from North Avenue to Cedar. State, from Front to Car Factory. Story, from Brattle to Mt. Auburn. Suffolk, from Columbia to Norfolk. Summer, from Prospect to Inman.
Sumner, from Kirkland to Cambridge.
Sydney, from Allston to Henry. Temple, from Main to Austin. Tenny's Court, from Orchard to Elm, Somerville. Thorndike, from South Second to South Seventh. Tremont, from Broadway to Hampshire. Trowbridge, from Main op Putnam to Broadway. Tuttle, from Wyeth n Concord Avenue.
Union, from Market to Hampshire. Union Square, North Avenue. Valentine, from Pearl to Brookline. Vernon, from Main to Green. Village, from State to Front. Vine, from South Third to Sixth.
Walden, from North Avenue to Raymond.
Walnut, from Pleasant to Charles, Ward 4. Walnut Court, from Walnut.
Ware, from Harvard to Broadway. Warren, from Cambridge to Kirkland.
Washington, from Main to Norfolk.
Washington Square, cor Charles and Allston, Ward 4.
Water, from Bridge to the water.
Waterhouse, from Garden to North Avenue.
Watson, from Pearl to Brookline.
Webster, from Magazine to Pleasant.
Webster Place, from Pleasant to rear of School House.
Wendell, from North Avenue to Oxford.
West, from Inman to Lee.
Western Avenue, from Main to Brighton line.
Willard, from Brattle to Mt. Auburn.
Willard Court, from Willard
Williams, from Pearl to River. Willow, from North Avenue to Somerville, Ward 1.
Willow, from Magazine to Pleasant, Ward 4. Willow Place, from Cambridge n Windsor.
Windsor, from Main to Cambridge.
Winter, from Bridge.
Winthrop, from Holyoke to Spring.
Winthrop Square, cor Mt. Auburn and Brighton.
Worcester, from Columbia to Norfolk
Wright, from Norton to North Avenue.
Wyeth, from Concord Avenue to Garden.
He was rather prudent than wise, and so fearful of doing wrong that he seldom did right.
He's the greatest slave whom none but slaves obey .- Trap.
HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
[ The following account of Harvard University, written by President Walker, we copy, by permission, from the Boston Almanac for 1859. Such alterations have been made as were rendered necessary by changes in the University.]
Harvard College, the oldest literary institution in the United States, was founded in 1636. The first class, consisting of nine members, graduated in 1642 ; one of whom was the notorious Sir George Downing, who afterwards figured in England under Cromwell and Charles II. Henry Dunster was the first Presi- dent, appointed in 1640, and the present incumbent is the eighteenth in succession from him. Dunster and his immediate successor, Chauncy, were educated in England ; all the rest have been alumni of the College.
The Corporation, consisting of the President, the Treasurer . and five Fellows, holds under the Charter granted by the Colony of Massachusetts Bay in 1650, and the Appendix to the same, granted in 1657. The name and style of the Corporation is " The President and Fellows of Harvard College."
Certain votes and acts of the Corporation, to be valid, must be confirmed or concurred in by another Board, the Overseers. This Board, in the beginning, consisted of the Governor and Deputy-Governor for the time being, and all the magistrates in the jurisdiction, together with the President of the College and " the teaching elders of the six next adjoining towns, - viz : Cambridge, Watertown, Charlestown, Boston, Roxbury, and Dorchester." When the Province became an independent State, it was provided in the constitution that the successors of the Governor, Deputy-Governor and magistrates should be "the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Council, and Senate of this Commonwealth," who, together with the President of the Col- lege, and the "ministers of the Congregational Churches," in the six towns above mentioned, were vested with all the rights pertaining to the Overseers of Harvard College. From 1810 to 1834, several Acts were passed, to alter and amend the " Con- stitution of the Board of Overseers." They resulted in sub- stituting thirty permanent members for the ministers of the Congregational Churches in the six neighboring towns, fifteen ministers and fifteen laymen, to be elected by the Board itself. In 1851, the present organization was adopted. The Board now consists of the Governor, Lieut-Governor, President of the Senate, Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Com- monwealth, the Secretary of the Board of Education, and the President and Treasurer of Harvard College, together with thirty other persons, elected by joint ballot of the Senators and Representatives in General Court assembled.
Down to near the close of the last century, frequent grants were made by the Legislature in order to defray the current ex-
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THE OBSERVATORY.
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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
penses of the College, and to assist in erecting some of the buildings which still remain. In 1814, ten thousand dollars a year, for ten years, being part of a Bank Tax, was granted to the College ; but this also was expended in buildings and otherwise, as directed or understood at the time. Almost the whole of the funded and productive property of the College, amounting, according to the last Annual Report of the Treas- urer, to about a million of dollars, is the accumulation of dona- tions by private individuals, the friends of the College, since the present century began. It would be a great mistake, however, to suppose that this large sum is at the disposal of the Corpo- ration, so that it can be used to lessen the expenses of education, or to meet incidental charges. The donations, with but few exceptions, are pledged to special objects, from which they cannot be diverted ; and what is worse, many of them are in- adequate to their respective objects, and require to be eked out from the general fund of the College, so that instead of relieving that fund, they may be said to act, in some cases, as a tax upon it.
The College yard contains a little more than twenty-two acres, and is bounded on all sides by public streets. Within this inclosure are most of the buildings occupied by the under- graduates as lodgings, or used for public purposes. They are as follows, arranging them according to the date of their erec- tion :
1. Massachusetts Hall, built in 1719 -20, and occupied by students.
2. Holden Chapel, built in 1744; used for Recitation and Lecture Rooms.
3. Hollis Hall, built in 1762 - 63 ; occupied by students.
4. Harvard Hall, built in 1764, to replace the second Harvard Hall, which was burnt in January of that year. The principal story is used for a Picture Gallery and Dining Room ; the second story for Recitation and Lecture Rooms.
5. Stoughton Hall, built in 1804- 5 ; occupied by students. The first building bearing this name stood between Massachu- setts and Harvard ; erected 1700, and taken down 1780.
6. Holworthy Hall, built in 1812 ; occupied by students.
7. University Hall, built in 1812 - 13 ; used for Recitation and Lecture Rooms. The offices of the President and of the Regent are also in this building.
8. Dane Hall, built in 1832, and greatly enlarged in 1845. It contains the Library and Lecture Room of the Law School, and the offices of the Law Professors.
9. Gore Hall, built in 1839- 42. It contains the Public Library of the University.
10. Boylston Hall, built in 1857 - 8, containing an Anatomical Museum, a Chemical Laboratory, and a Mineralogical Cabinet, with Lecture and Recitation Rooms.
11. Appleton Chapel, built in 1856 - 58 ; to be used exclusively for daily prayers, and worship on Sundays.
To these must be added the edifices owned by the College, and used for College purposes, outside the yard.
12. Divinity Hall, erected in 1826, containing the Chapel
2
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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
UNIVERSITY HALL.
Library and Lecture Rooms of the Divinity School, with lodg ing rooms for the students. If, as is expected, the Divinity School should be separated from the University, this building will go with it.
13. Graduates' Hall, built in 1832, with large additions in 1845. The principal story is rented, with the exception of the Steward's office, for business purposes ; the two upper stories are mostly occupied by students.
14. The Observatory, built in 1845 - 6, to which is attached a dwelling house for the Observer.
15. Scientific Hall, built in 1848. It belongs to the Lawrence Scientific School, and contains a large and completely equipped Chemical Laboratory, and the Drawing and Recitation Rooms for the Engineering Department. Near it is a wooden building, which affords a temporary, but very inadequate, accommodation for the Museum of Natural History.
16. Medical College, in Grove Street, Boston, erected in 1846. It contains the Library, Museum, Laboratory, and Lecture Rooms of the Medical School.
The University comprises : -
1. The College proper, or Academical Department, founded as above-mentioned ;
15
HARVARD UNIVERSITY-
MI
EW-FILMER
-
BOYLSTON HALL.
2. The Medical School, instituted in 1782, removed to Boston in 1810 ;
3. The Divinity School, organized in 1816 ;
4. The Law School, instituted in 1817, but more liberally endowed and completely organized in 1829 ;
5. The Lawrence Scientific School, founded in 1847 ;
6. The Observatory, instituted in 1839, attached to the Sci- entific School when that was first organized, but afterwards separated from it, and made a distinct department of the Uni- versity, in 1856.
The order of studies and the discipline and internal affairs of the several departments of the University are regulated by their respective Faculties, subject to the control of the Corporation and the Board of Overseers.
The officers of instruction and government in the University at the beginning of the academic year, 1859 - 60, are as fol- lows : -
James Walker, D.D., LL. D., President.
Joel Parker, LL.D., Royall Professor of Law.
Convers Francis, D.D., Parkman Professor of Pulpit Elo- quence and the Pastoral Care.
Theophilus Parsons, LL.D., Dane Professor of Law.
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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
APPLETON CHAPEL.
George R. Noyes, D.D., Hancock Professor of Hebrew and other Oriental Languages, and Dexter Lecturer on Biblical Literature.
Emory Washburn, LL.D., University Professor of Law.
D. Humphreys Storer, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Medical Jurisprudence.
Frederick H. Hedge, D.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical His- tory in the Divinity School.
John B. S. Jackson, M.D., Shattuck Professor of Morbid Anatomy and Curator of the Anatomical Museum.
John Langdon Sibley, A.M .. Librarian.
Louis Agassiz, LL.D , Professor of Zoology and Geology in the Lawrence Scientific School.
Cornelius C. Felton, LL.D., Eliot Professor of Greek Litera- ture.
Henry Ingersoll Bowditch, M.D., Jackson Professor of Clini- cal Medicine.
Oliver W. Holmes, M.D., Parkman Professor of Anatomy and Physiology.
Benjamin Peirce, LL.D., Perkins Professor of Astronomy and Mathematics.
Asa Gray, M.D., Fisher Professor of Natural History.
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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
HH
SCIENTIFIC HALL.
George Cheyne Shattuck, M.D., Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physic.
Francis Bowen, A.M., Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity.
George E. Ellis, D.D., Professor of Systematic Theology in the Divinity School.
Joseph Lovering, A.M., Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, and Regent.
Henry W. Torrey, A.M., McLean Professor of Ancient and Modern History.
Jeffries Wyman, M.D., Hersey Professor of Anatomy.
John Bacon, M.D., University Professor of Chemistry in the Medical School.
Henry J. Bigelow, M.D., Professor of Surgery.
Henry L. Eustis, A.M., Professor of Engineering in the Law- rence Scientific School.
Evangelinus A. Sophocles, A.M., Assistant Professor of Greek.
Eben N. Horsford, A. M., Rumford Professor and Lecturer on the Application of the Sciences to the Useful Arts.
James Russell Lowell, A.M., Smith Professor of the French and Spanish Languages and Literatures, and Professor of Belles- Lettres.
2*
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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
Charles Miel, A.M., Instructor in French.
Frederic D. Huntington, D.D., Preacher to the University, and Plummer Professor of Christian Morals.
Ezra Abbot, A.M., Assistant Librarian.
Edward Hammond Clarke, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica.
George P. Bond, A.M., Director of the Observatory, and Phillips Professor of Astronomy.
Francis J. Child, P.D., Boylston Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory.
George M. Lane, P.D., University Professor of Latin.
James Jennison, A.M., Tutor in History, Instructor in Elo- cution, and Registrar.
Josiah P. Cooke, A.M., Erving Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy.
George Adam Schmitt, Instructor in German.
William Watson Goodwin, P D., Tutor in Greek.
Ephraim W. Gurney, A.B., Tutor in Latin.
Charles W. Eliot, A.M., Assistant Professor of Mathematics and Chemistry.
Edward Pearce, A.B., Tutor in Mathematics.
James Mills Peirce, A. M., Proctor.
Edwin Hale Abbot, A.M., Tutor in Latin.
Solomon Lincoln, A.B., Tutor in Greek and Latin.
William P. G. Bartlett, A.B., Proctor.
Winslow Warren, A.B., Proctor.
William R. Huntington, A.B., Proctor.
Levi Parsons Homer, Instructor in Music.
William G. Stearns, A.M., Steward.
John B. Dana, Assistant Steward and Patron.
Candidates for admission to the Freshman Class in the Col- lege proper, or Academical Department, must pass a satisfac- tory examination in the following books, or in equivalents to the same : -
Latin Department - The whole of Virgil; the whole of Cæsar's Commentaries ; Cicero's Select Orations ; Folsom's or Johnson's edition ; Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar, including Prosody ; and in writing Latin.
Greek Department - Felton's Greek Reader ; Sophocles's Greek Grammar, including Prosody ;. and in writing Greek with the Accents.
Mathematical Department -Davies's or Chase's Arithmetic ; Euler's Algebra, or Davies's First Lessons in Algebra, to " The Extraction of the Square Root," or Sherwin's Common School Algebra ; and " An Introduction to Geometry and the Science of Form, prepared from the most approved Prussian Text-Books," as far as the Seventh Section, or Hill's "First Lessons in Geometry."
Historical Department - Mitchell's Ancient and Modern Geography ; Worcester's Elements of History.
For admission to advanced standing, the candidate, whether from another College or not, must appear, on examination, to be well versed in the following studies : -
1. In the studies required for admission to the Freshman Class.
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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
2. In all the required studies, and, if after the commencement of the Junior year, in one of the elective studies, already gone over by the class for which he is offered.
He must also pay to the Steward, at the rate of $45 per annum, according to the standard to which he is admitted. Any student, however, who has a regular dismission from another College, may be admitted to the same standing, if, on examina- tion, he is found qualified without any pecuniary consideration. This charge for advanced standing is also remitted to indigent students.
Every candidate, before examination, must produce proper testimonials of a good moral character, and, if admitted, must give a bond of four hundred dollars to pay all charges accruing under the laws and customs of the University. The bond must be executed by two bondsmen, who must be satisfactory to the Steward of the College, and one of them must be a citizen of Massachusetts.
The academic year is divided into two terms of twenty weeks each, with two vacations of six weeks each. Commencement is on the third Wednesday in July, and is followed by the Sum- mer Vacation. Candidates for admission to the College must offer themselves for examination on the Monday before Com- mencement, or on the first day of a Term.
The aggregate annual expenses of an undergraduate vary with the economy of the individual, and cannot be stated with much precision. The proper College charges, including what is paid for Instruction, Library and Lecture Rooms, amount to $75 a year. Rent and care of room in the College buildings, $20; in private houses the charge is higher. Text books average about $12. The price of board varies from $2.75 to $4 per week.
Pecuniary assistance is provided for meritorious students among the undergraduates. Ten of the best scholars, needing aid, receive annually $300 each from the Trustees of the Thayer Fund. Ample provision is thus made for those who stand at the head, or near the head, of their respective classes. There are also four Shattuck scholarships, yielding an annual income of $150 each ; the scholarship of the class of 1814, $115; the Abbot scholarship, $100 ; and two Saltonstall scholarships, $90 each. Several other scholarships will become available in a few years.
Deserving students, whose rank is not such as to entitle them to a scholarship, receive aid from the beneficiary fund, - a con- solidation of various bequests and donations which have been made to the College, from time to time, for this purpose. The annual amount distributed from this source is about twelve hundred dollars, in sums ranging from twenty to forty dollars, according to the merits of the applicants. About the same sum may also be obtained, as a loan, from the Trustees of the Loan Fund, which was raised a few years ago, by subscription among the friends of the College, for the accommodation of indigent and worthy students.
There are eight monitorships, with a compensation varying from twenty to eighty dollars a year, and prizes for excellence in composition and declamation, amounting in all to two hun-
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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
dred and seventy dollars annually, both of which may be con- sidered as an addition to the beneficiary funds of the institution.
The expenses of members of the Professional and Scientific Schools need not exceed those of undergraduates, except where this is caused by heavier charges for instruction and apparatus.
In the Divinity School the charges for instruction, rent and care of room and furniture, and use of text books, amounting to $75 per annum ; but this is much more than offset in the case of indigent students, by an annual appropriation of about $200 each, from beneficiary funds.
In the Law School the fee for tuition, including the use of the Law and College Libraries, and the text books, is $50 a Term.
In the Scientific School, if, as is usually the case, the whole time is given to a single department, the fees are : --
For instruction in Chemistry, $50 a Term ; with an additional charge of $50 for Chemicals and the use of apparatus ;
For instruction in Engineering, $50 a Term ;
For instruction in Botany, from April Ist to the end of the Term, $45.
In the other departments the fees for special instruction are agreed upon with the Professors.
In the Medical School the fees for the winter courses of Lec. tures amount in all to $30. A summer course of instruction by recitations and lectures, with daily visits at the hospital, has just been established, the fee for which is $100.
Candidates for admission to the several schools must furnish satisfactory evidence of good moral character, and give bonds for the payment of their Term bills, as in the case of under- graduates. A deposit of money is sometimes accepted instead of a bond.
For admission to the Law School no examination is required ; but the candidate, if not a graduate at some College, must be nineteen years of age. To enter the Scientific School, the stu- dent must be eighteen years of age. If he proposes to study Engineering, a knowledge of Algebra, Geometry and Trigonom- etry is also required before admission. If he proposes to study Chemistry, the same, together with an acquaintance with Stock- hardt's Elements of Chemistry, or some equivalent. Candidates for admission to the Divinity School, if not graduates of any College, must pass a satisfactory examination in the studies necessary to an English Education, and also in Latin and Greek.
The following is a summary of the students attending the several departments of the University at the commencement of the last academic year : --
Professional Students and Resident Graduates - Divinity Students, 21; Law Students, 252; Scientific Students, 75 ; Medical Students, 140 ; Resident Graduates, 15 ; - 503.
Undergraduates - Seniors, 107 ; Juniors, 84; Sophomores, 112; Freshmen, 128 ;- 431. Total, 862.
The Public Library of the University is for the use of the officers and students in all its departments. It contains 83,000 volumes, together with a vast collection of unbound pamphlets. To this are to be added the large and very complete Law Library
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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
GORE HALL.
at the Law School, containing 15,000 volumes ; the Theological Library at the Divinity School, containing nearly 12,500 vol- umes ; the Medical Library, at the Medical School, containing 2000 volumes ; and the Phillips Astronomical Library, at the Observatory, containing 1200 volumes. The Libraries of the Societies among the undergraduates contain about 15,300 vol- umes. In all, 129,000 volumes.
The other means and facilities of instruction are among the amplest and most valuable in the country. They comprehend :
1. Apparatus for illustrating the mathematical and physical sciences and the application of science to the arts, including a complete set of the celebrated Olivier models.
2. A Mineralogical Cabinet.
3. A Geological and Zoological Museum, collected by Prof. Agassiz ; already, in some departments, unequalled by any in the world.
4. Two Anatomical Museums, - the Boylston Museum at Cambridge, and the Warren Museum at the Medical College in Boston.
5. Two large and completely equipped Chemical Labora- tories, - one for the use of the Lawrence Scientific School, and the other for the undergraduates. The Medical College in Bos- ton has also a Laboratory.
6. A Botanic Garden, with a new Conservatory, much en- larged. The Garden contains about seven and a half acres, and encloses two dwelling houses, - one for the Professor and the other for the Gardener.
7. The Astronomical Observatory, supplied with all the necessary instruments, among which is the Great Equatorial. A dwelling house is attached to the Observatory, in which the principal observer resides.
The College belongs to no religious sect. A large proportion of the students live in the neighborhood, and are allowed to Pass their Sundays at home. The rest attend worship either in the
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HARVARD GYMNASIUM.
College Chapel, or in some church of their own denomination, where seats are provided for them free of expense. The Preacher to the University, and Plummer Professor of Christian Morals is required, by the terms of his office, to use all " suitable means to warn and guard the students against the dangers to which they are exposed, to supply as far as may be their need of home influences, and to promote among them an earnest Christian faith and life."
HARVARD GYMNASIUM.
The " Harvard Gymnasium " is a new fruit of the interest, which has been growing up among educators and thinking people for some years, in physical culture. The doctrine has at last gone abroad that of the three parts of man, - viz : body, mind, and spirit, - the first deserves attention and development as well as the second and third ; partly for its own sake, and partly for its importance to the right state and healthy action of the other two. While natural science is exploring the organ- izations of all living creatures, it seems absurd to leave the human frame itself, " fearfully and wonderfully made " by the Creator, the instrument of man's usefulness and whole visible connection with the world, to neglect and disease. It has espe- cially begun to be felt that a great mistake has been made in the very process of education ; and that for want of a proper bodily training the young fatally undermine or weaken their constitutions while they are acquiring knowledge ; so that they may render their knowledge nearly useless in the one-sided way of getting it. Pale, sickly, dyspeptic, consumptive, weak-eyed, short-lived students are the evidence. Some attempts were made to meet the evil, several years ago, in Harvard College, when Dr. Follen, Dr. Beck, and Prof. Lieber brought to this country some of the German and Greek ideas of gymnastic exercises. Pieces of apparatus were set up in the open air, on the " Delta." But the times were not ready, and the under- taking failed. The subject was revived in a practical form by Prof. Huntington when he entered on the duties of his office, and pursued till private liberality and the co-operation of the government of the institution have reared the present handsome and commodious establishment, and put it in successful opera- tion. Some steps had been taken by Prof. H., whose " Chair " has regard to the physical along with the moral and spiritual welfare of the University, towards collecting subscriptions for this object, and considerable sums had been conditionally pledged, when, in 1858, a single individual, - a noble-minded graduate of the College, - offered to build and furnish the edifice, at the cost of eight thousand dollars. With a modesty in his beneficence, as rare as it is beautiful, this benefactor, whom parents and children will bless for many generations, imposed on his princely gift the strict condition that his name should not be known, even to the Trustees, during his life- time. The building was begun in March, 1859, completed in July, and opened for use in September. It is an irregular
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