USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Royalston > The history of the town of Royalston, Massachusetts > Part 36
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Name
Company
*Lieut. Jonas Allen
Capt. Abel Wilder's 66 66
Regiment Col. Ephraim Doolittle's 66
Bezaleal Barton
*Bezaleal Barton, Jr.
66
16
66
Jonathan Barton
Capt. Gleason's
Col. John Nixon's
Sergt. Thomas Beel
Capt. Jona. Holman's
Corp. William Clement
*Sergt. William Dike
*Josiah Goodale Irijah Green
16
66
66
66
*Uzziah Green
*Joshua Hemmingway
*Jonathan Jacobs
66
*John Kendall
60
66
66
66
*Ens. Daniel Pike
66
66
66
Amos Wheeler, 3d
Capt. Winship's
Ens. Nathan Wheeler
Capt. Jos. Butler's
*Corp. Nathan Wheeler,Jr. Capt. Abel Wilder's 66
*Peter Woodbury, 2d
66
66
66 66
66
*Sergt. Isaac Nichols
John Norton
*Joseph Waite
Lt .- Col. Thos. V <> 1 Col. John Nixon's Col. Ephraim Doolittle's 6
The records tell us that 300 men or about 90 per cent of Col. Doolittle's regiment commanded by Maj. Willard Moore of Paxton, Col. Doolittle himself being absent, were present at the battle of Bunker Hill. As Maj. Moore was himself mortally wounded we may well believe that the regiment was hotly engaged and that a number of Royalston men had a part in that memorable conflict. Two weeks after this engage- ment Gen. George Washington arrived and assumed command of the besieging army. He immediately organized it into
Col. Ephraim Doolittle's
Capt. Abel Wilder's
406
HISTORY OF ROYALSTON
three grand divisions or wings, each wing consisting of two brigades of about six regiments each. The right wing was com- manded by Maj .- Gen. Artemas Ward and was stationed at Roxbury; the centre under Maj .- Gen. Israel Putnam lay at Cambridge; while the left under the command of Maj .- Gen. Charles Lee occupied Prospect and Winter Hills within the present limits of the city of Somerville. It was to the left wing that Col. Doolittle's regiment was assigned, forming a part of the brigade of Gen. Sullivan. This brigade was posted on Winter Hill.
Here we may believe that during the summer and fall of 1775, our Royalston soldiers were kept busy with the musket and the spade. Collisions were of frequent occurrence along the picket lines, and the fortification of Winter Hill was being pushed with great vigor. To Gen. Sullivan's command in the latter part of August was assigned an especially hazardous and important duty, that of seizing and fortifying Ploughed Hill, later known as Mt. Benedict, which was situated a half mile east of Winter Hill, close to Charlestown Neck and within easy cannon shot of Bunker Hill. These facts enable us to determine with a considerable degree of certainty where our Royalston soldiers served during the first eventful year of the War for Independence.
In the summer of 1915, when the writer visited this sec- tion a very small fragment of the American works on Winter Hill was still discernible, and the house used as a headquarters by Gen. Lee is still standing in well preserved condition near the south easterly base of the hill on Sycamore St. Ploughed Hill has been almost entirely removed and the spot where it stood is being rapidly built up as a residential section.
In the siege of Boston there is positive record of only one Royalston soldier who lost his life. Bezaleal Barton, who enlisted on the 26th of April, 1775 in Capt. Wilder's company of Col. Doolittle's regiment is reported as having died July 12, whether from wounds or disease we are left uninformed. He was a farmer and miller residing on the farm later owned by Col. Willard Newton a short half mile north west of Phineas Newton's and having a grist mill on Lawrence Brook in the valley west of his house.
In August, 1777, another organized body of men left Royal- ston in response to the Bennington alarm. They formed
T
407
THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
what was known as Lieut. Jonathan Sibley's detachment of Col. Nathan Sparhawk's regiment, and their term of service was 10 days including 5 days (105 miles) travel home. As they did not leave town until August 21st, while the battle of Bennington had been fought on the 16th resulting in the cap- ture or destruction of almost the entire Hessian force, our Royalston soldiers arrived too late to be of any positive service. A complete list of the men composing this detachment is given below:
Lieut. Jonathan Sibley
Priv. Ebenezer Elliot
Francis Chase
Josiah Goodale
Sergt. Henry Bond
Henry Poor
David Bullock
Abijah Richardson
Corp. Joseph Waite
Thaddeus Stockwell
Ebenezer Fry
James Thomson
Priv. Thomas Beel
Jonas Thomson
66
Bezaleal Barton, Jr.
Lenox Titus
66 Jonas Brewer
John Whitmore
Although not called upon to face the bullets of the enemy, the sufferings of these men in their long and toilsome march under a scorching August sun can only be imagined. Re- turning on the last day of the month, they had in ten days marched a total of 210 miles, an average of 21 miles a day.
In 1781, Lieutenant Sibley as a captain, commanded a com- pany in Col. Luke Drury's regiment during the closing months of the war.
Perhaps the most important militia company that existed in this town during the Revolutionary period was Capt. Peter Woodbury's 9th (Royalston) company of Col. Nathan Sparhawk's 7th (Worcester County) regiment. Peter Wood- bury was commissioned captain of this company April 5, 1776, but there is no list or roll of its members in the archives of the State. In searching the records of individual soldiers we have found the names of ten men who were enlisted from this company into the regular Continental Army in 1777 or 1778. Most of them were assigned to Capt. Adam Wheeler's com- pany of Col. Thomas Nixon's regiment, and seven enlisted for three years or during the war. Their names are as follows:
408
HISTORY OF ROYALSTON
Name
Company
Capt. Adam Wheeler's
Regiment Term Col. Thos. Nixon's, 3 yrs.
Silas Cutting Irijah Green, 1st
3 yrs.
Seraiah Green
John Jacobs
Jonathan Jacobs
66
66
66
66
66
3 yrs.
Benajah Woodbury
66
4
66
66
66
Isaac Nichols
Capt. Jabez Lane's
66
66
Messrs. Cutting and Nichols died in the service of their country.
John Norton and Stephen Richardson also enlisted from Captain Woodbury's company of Royalston militia into the Continental Army, May 19, 1778, each to serve nine months, but their company and regiment in the regular service is not given.
In Captain Wheeler's company of Colonel Nixon's regiment, we find also the names of Amcs Wheeler, 1st, a private, Nathan Wheeler, Jr., a corporal, and Nathan Wheeler (Sr.), a lieu- tenant, all of whom came from Royalston and each of whom had a long and honorable record as a soldier, but we cannot find that they were ever members of Captain Woodbury's company.
It may readily be surmised that there was some connection between Captain Woodbury's company and Lieutenant Sib- ley's detachment that marched to Bennington; first, because both belonged to Col. Nathan Sparkhawk's regiment, second, because Jonathan Sibley and Francis Chase were originally commissioned first and second lieutenants respectively in Captain Woodbury's Royalston company and on the same day on which he received his own commission, April 5, 1776. The very fact of Lieutenant Sibley's having led the detachment to Bennington may be explained on the ground of the cap- tain's absence, for on July 28, 1777, Captain Woodbury had himself started for Bennington in temporary command of the Petersham company of Col. Job Cushing's regiment.
Accompanying Captain Woodbury on this expedition were three other Royalston men; Aaron Bliss, Hugh Bullock, and Peter Woodbury, 2nd. As the Petersham company marched nineteen days before the engagement at Bennington, it may
Jonathan Barton David Copland
16
66
During the war
John Moody
409
THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
be believed that these men had a part in the stirring events of that glorious 16th of August.
The year following the battle of Bennington, Captain Woodbury commanded a company in Col. Jacob Gerrish's regiment of guards, serving from July to November, 1778. This is often referred to as the Lancaster company.
Eight Royalston men: Ezra Barton, John Davis, Jr., Nath- aniel Jacobs, John Norton, Benjamin Perry, Eliphalet Rich- ardson, John Stockwell, and Jonathan Woodbury are known to have enlisted in Colonel Grout's regiment early in July, 1779, most of them to serve nine months, though Stockwell enrolled for three years. Seven, including two of the above, served three months during the summer and early fall of 1780 in Capt. Ephraim Stearn's company of Col. John Rand's regi- ment. These were Benjamin Barton, Obadiah Beale, David Copland, Squier Davis, Nathaniel Jacobs, Corp. Eliphalet Richardson and Joel Stockwell.
Five served in the colonel's company of Col. Thos. Nixon's (6th) F.egiment in 1779 and '80, viz. Jonathan Barton, Irijah Green, 1st, Irijah Green, 2nd, William Richardson and Amos Wheeler 1st.
The service of the rest of Royalston's soldiers was more scattered and the place and length of that service can best be determined by consulting the alphabetical lists of Massa- chusetts soldiers and sailors published by the State in seventeen large volumes and donated to every public library in the Com- monwealth. A full set is on the shelves of the Phineas S. New- ton Fublic Library.
Mcst of our soldiers had honorable records. Several, not- ably Jonathan Barton, Obadiah Beale, Jonathan Gale, Irijah Green 1st, Seraiah Green, Jonathan Jacobs, John Moody, Lieut. Isaac Nichols, John Nichols, John Norton, Joshua Peck, Benjamin Ferry, John Stockwell, Lieut. Nathan Wheeler, Nathan Wheeler, Jr., Benajah Woodbury, Jonathan Woodbury, and Capt. Peter Woodbury, saw long and arducus service.
Below will be found an alphabetical list of Royalston's soldiers in the War for Independence. It is not assumed that the list is complete, but it represents much painstaking effort and is at least some improvement on those which have here- tofore existed.
410
HISTORY OF ROYALSTON
The author has here included the name of Nahum Green not being willing to do any possible injustice to a brave and patriotic man, though there is no positive record of his mili- tary service.
The rank attached to names in this list is that which the individual actually held in the Revolutionary army, and none lower than that of lieutenant is given.
Lieut. Jonas Allen
Jonathan Gale
Timothy Armstrong
Peter Gale
Benjamin Barton
Josiah Goodall
Bezaleal Barton. D.
Irijah Green, 1st.
Bezaleal Barton, Jr.
Irijah Green, 2nd.
Ezra Barton
Nahum Green
Jonathan Barton
Seraiah Green
Peter Barton
Uzziah Green
Samuel Barton
James Haven
Obadiah Beale
Joshua Hemmingway
Thomas Beel
Thomas Hemmingway
Aaron Bliss
Jonathan Hutchinson. D.
Henry Bond
John Jacobs
Jonas Brewer
Jonathan Jacobs
David Bullock
Nathan Jacobs
Hugh Bullock
Nathaniel Jacobs
Ebenezer Burbank
John Kendall
Thomas Chamberlain
Lemuel Lewis
Lieut. Francis Chase
William Lewis
Rogers Chase
Jesse Manley
Silas Chase
Daniel Moody
Abijah Clarke
John Moody
William Clement
Lieut. Isaac Nichols. d.
David Copland
Isaac Nichols, Jr. D.
Ebenezer Cutler
John Nichols
Silas Cutting. D.
John Morton
John Davis, Jr. Squier Davis
Hiram Peck Joshua Peck
Sylvester Davis
Benjamin Perry
William Dike
Charles Pierce
Ebenezer Elliot
Lieut. Daniel Pike
Jabez Fisher
Henry Poor
Ebenezer Fry
Abiel Richardson
411
THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
Abijah Richardson
Moses Walker, 2nd
Eliphalet Richardson
Amos Wheeler, 1st
Stephen Richardson
Amos Wheeler, 2nd
William Richardson
Amos Wheeler, 3rd
Capt. Jonathan Sibley
Lieut. Nathan Wheeler. d.
Joel Stockwell John Stockwell
Nathan Wheeler, Jr. John Whitmore
Levi Stockwell
John Whitmore, Jr.
Thaddeus Stockwill
Benajah Woodbury
James Thomson
Jonathan Woodbury
Jonas Thomson
Lot Woodbury
Lenox Titus
Capt. Peter Woodbury
Joseph Waite
Peter Woodbury, 2nd
Nathaniel Waite
James Work
Moses Walker, 1st
D. Died in the service.
d. Became deranged.
Many Revolutionary soldiers formerly supposed to have served on Royalston's quota really moved into town after their army service was completed. A list of twenty-five of the best known of these together with the names of the towns from which they are supposed to have come is here given.
The rank attached to several persons in this list is that by which they were commonly known after the war. It is usually higher than any that they ever actually held in the army.
Maj. John Bacheller
from
Nathan Bliss
Samuel W. Bowker
William Brown
Benjamin Clark
David Cook
Lieut. John Davis John Ellis
Rehoboth
Joseph Emerson
Reading
Ammi Falkner
Caleb Felch
Reading Reading
Nathan Felch
Samuel Feleh
Samuel Felch, Jr.
66
Acton
Silas Foster
Reading Rehoboth Rutland District Reading Abington
412
HISTORY OF ROYALSTON
Lieut. Micah French
from
Lieut. Edward Holman
66
*Benjamin Leathe
66
Col. Ebenezer Newell 66
Nathan B. Newton 66 Perham 66
Josiah Waite
Athol
Jonathan Wellington
66
Athol Sutton Reading Brookfield Southborough
Capt. Enoch Whitmore 66 Acton
A full account of the service of each soldier, as far as it is recorded, will be found at the library in the volumes before referred to "Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors in the War of the Revolution."
After the war closed in 1783, there must have been at least 125 veterans of the conflict residing within the limits of this township. Their homes were scattered in various localities, most of them residing in the northerly and westerly parts of the town. Some removed later to more favorable localities, but the majority died here and lie buried in our own home soil. It is to be greatly regretted that more of their resting places are not known and properly marked.
Of the four citizens of Royalston known to have died in the service Bezaleal Barton lived as has been said on the Col. Willard Newton place. Silas Cutting resided on the old Had- ley farm north of Stone's Mills, Jonathan Hutchinson on what is now the F. H. Goddard place, and Isaac Nichols, Jr. on the Francis Chase farm on the road to South Royalston. Nichols was claimed to have been the first child born in town. If this is true he could not have been over 14 or 15 years of age at the time of his death.
SHAY'S INSURRECTION
Following close on the Revolution came Shay's Rebellion essentially a Worcester county movement, although partici- pated in by citizens of Middlesex, Hampden, Hampshire, Berkshire, and other counties. This insurrection was caused primarily by the burden of private debts which had been in-
*Said to have been a member of the Boston Tea Party.
413
SHAY'S REBELLION
curred during the Revolution, and the drastic measures of the creditor class and the courts in collecting those debts. The private debts owed by citizens of Massachusetts in 1785 are estimated at $7,000,000; while the arrears of taxes due from the state to the central government was $7,000,000 more. The aggregate of annual public expenses at this time amounted to nearly $50 for every man, woman, and child in the state. This condition of affairs bore with especial severity on the agri- cultural communities where money was least plentiful. Here homesteads were being sold under foreclosure, cattle were being seized in distrainer, and the poor debtor himself often lodged in jail.
By midsummer 1786, the indignation of the farmers against the lawyers and judges of the courts, whom they regarded as their natural enemies, drove them into open revolt. This revolt under such leaders as Shays, Day, Wheeler, and Parsons continued throughout the fall and winter, but finally collapsed in February, 1787, after the defeat of Shays at Springfield, January 25th and the final dispersion of his command at Peter- sham ten days later. Those of his men who escaped capture at Petersham fled, many of them in a northerly direction through Athol and West Royalston, anxious to get beyond the confines fo the state. Our Royalston people largely sympathized with the insurgents and extended to these fugitives a generous if covert hospitality, but there is no record of any of our citi- zens having taken an active part in the insurrection.
THE WAR OF 1812
Over forty years elapsed after the Revolution closed before Royalston's citizens were again called upon to take up arms against a foreign foe. Not until the midsummer of 1814, when our second war with England had been two years in progress, did an organized body of troops leave this town. It is almost needless to state that the Warof 1812 was decidedly unpopular throughout New England. It had been begun on what the states of this section considered an insufficient pretext. The nation had been forced into it by Clay, Calhoun, and other representatives of the west and south, sections that had least to lose by it and which could contribute least in men or money
414
HISTORY OF ROYALSTON
for its prosecution. The commercial states of the north- eastern seaboard had infinitely more at stake than their south- ern neighbors. As an immediate result of the war they saw their chief industry crippled, their ships rotting at their wharves, their coasts threatened and frequently ravaged, and their fisheries for the time destroyed. Hence if the action, notably of Massachusetts and Connecticut, in refusing to respond to the call of the President and furnish troops for the prosecution of the conflict, cannot be commended, it is at least not to be greatly wondered at.
But measures were taken within these states for the pro- tection of their own coasts and frontiers, should they be threat- ened with attack. Among the independent militia companies formed at this time were the Royalston Grenadiers, and in August, 1814, when a British army of 12,000 men was about to invade northern New York, supported by a fleet on Lake Champlain, and while Admiral Cockburn and General Ross were advancing on our national capital this company was summoned to Boston.
What caused especial anxiety in Massachusetts at this time was the fact that a hostile fleet had already entered the mouth of the Connecticut on a plundering expedition, and was still believed to be hovering off the New England coast. The orders for the Grenadiers to march came Saturday evening, August 9, and were promptly responded to. The entire company of 45 officers and men assembled on the following morning at the old meeting house on the Common, attended divine worship, listened to an appropriate sermon by Rev. Joseph Lee, and some with solemn, some with jubilant hearts set out on their eighty-mile march to the capital city of the Commonwealth. But no hostile force appeared off the Massachusetts coast, and in other sections of our country conditions soon grew more hopeful. True, Washington had been captured and the govern- ment buildings sacked and burned; but on September 11 the British fleet on Lake Champlain was defeated and captured by young Commodore McDonough, and on the following day and night Admiral Cockburn's fleet was repulsed in an attack on Fort McHenry the main defence of Baltimore, Md. Hence, after about five weeks of service our Royalston Grenadiers were honorably discharged and sent home, some to regret to their dying day, it is said, the "disgrace" that they ak came home
(
t
415
THE WAR OF 1812
alive. The company was continued with its periodical train ings and musters until the latter 40's or early 50's and its roll includes the names of many of our most virile and public-spirited citizens. Below is the list of its members in 1814 when it marched to Boston:
Officers
Capt. Benjamin Brown
John Dexter
Lieut. Benoni Peck
Elias Emerson
Ensign Willard Newton
Chauncy Forbush
Sergt. Isaac Gale, 2nd
Moses Garfield
Nathaniel Goddard
John Hill
Corp. Thomas Norton
" David Thurston
Moses Tyler
Chandler Peabody
Josiah Wheeler
Chauncy Peck
Musicians:
John Prescott
Edson Clark
Stephen Richardson
Silas Metcalf
Thomas Rogers
James Peirce
Isaac Stockwell
Joseph Peirce
Jonathan Stockwell
Silas Peirce
Joseph Stockwell
Privates:
Reuben Stockwell
Simeon Stockwell
Tarrant Stockwell
Asa Walker
John B. Walker
William Chase, Jr.
Nathaniel Wilson
Luke Bemis
Nathan Bemis
Jonas Brewer, Jr.
John Chamberlain, Jr.
Hiram Lewis
Russell Morse
Elmer Newton
Josiah Walker
Alanson White
Benjamin Leathe, Jr.
The above list is found on page 93 of Massachusetts Vol- unteer Militia in the War of 1812, a work compiled by John Baker, custodian of the military archives of the Commonwealth and published in 1913. It corresponds quite closely to the one given on page 164 of the Royalston Memorial.
Subsequent records show that four of the officers here named later rose to the command of the 5th Regiment, to which the Grenadier Company belonged. These were Capt. Benjamin Brown, Ensign Willard Newton, Sergt. Elmer Newton, and Corp. Josiah Wheeler; hence in the closing years of their lives they all bore the title of colonel. The 5th Regiment, formed a part of the 2nd Brigade, 7th Division of Massachusetts Militia.
416
HISTORY OF ROYALSTON
It is stated in Hon. Alexander H. Bullock's centennial ad- dress that other citizens of Royalston besides those belonging to the Grenadiers "went out into active service and mingled in the engagements of the war on distant fields," but if there were any such, their names and records of service have been lost.
In the Mexican War, Royalston, as far as we have been able to discover, took no active part.
THE CIVIL WAR
From the unwarlike temper evinced by the town in these last two conflicts it might be concluded that her old martial spirit, shown so clearly during the Revolution, was on the wane; but it only needed the dreadful exigency of our great Civil War to fan the smouldering embers of that spirit into a flame of furnace heat. The news of the firing on Sumter on Friday, April 12, 1861 and the fall of the fort two days later fell upon the ears of the citizens of the Bay State like a sudden thunder clap out of a threatening sky. Events followed in quick suc- cesions. Monday, the 15th of April, came the President's call for troops. Two regiments of militia, the 6th and 8th, already organized, were immediately dispatched for Wash- ington. Another ominous Friday, the 19th, came with its clash of arms in Pratt Street, Baltimore, and the killing and wound- ing of forty men of the 6th Regiment. Nothing more was needed to arouse the people of Royalston to a true sense of the gravity of the crisis.
On the evening of the third day after the riot in Pratt Street, a public mass meeting was held in the old town hall on the Com- mon. At this first war meeting animating speeches were made by Rev. Ebenezer Bullard, Joseph Raymond, and others, and warmly applauded. Finally volunteers were called for to assist in putting down the rebellion. The response was spontaneous and enthusiastic. The first man to enroll his name is said to have been the late Henry S. Wood, subsequently a soldier of the 25th Mass. Regiment, who survived his army life full 50 years. Eighteen other brave and resolute men followed his example. As the Bay State's quota at that time was al-
417
THE CIVIL WAR
ready full, these men were not called into the service. Most, if not all of them, enlisted later.
On May 3d the President issued his first summons for troops to serve three years. At this time thirty-nine regiments in all were needed, six being allowed to Massachusetts. In one of these regiments, the 2nd, went five Royalston men, John W. Barrus, Marshall Barrus, Addison S. Bradish, Henry H. Higgins, and Edwin O. Vose, all of whom were mustered into the service May 25, 1861 at Camp John A. Andrew in West Roxbury, the rendezvous of the regiment. On the 8th of July the regiment was sent to the front and attached to the com- mand of Maj .- Gen. Patterson at Martinsburg, Va. The five men above named were the first to enter the service from this town.
On the 17th of June, Massachusetts was called upon to furnish ten more three-year regiments. Among these was the 21st in whose ranks were included some of Royalston's best and bravest. The first to enlist in this regiment were Nathan S. Day, Henry E. Knight, Chauncy W. Norcross, and Franklin A. Eddy who were mustered on the 19th of July, the three first named as members of Co. G of Ashburnham. On the 23d of August, five more were added, Cortland A. Clark, Joseph Garner, Jonas Greeley, Sidney S. Heywood, and Benj. Frank Flagg.
Clark and Garner were musicians, hence they joined the regimental band. Greeley and Heywood were attached to Co. A, sometimes known as the Templeton company, while Flagg joined Co. G. The regiment was assembled at Camp Lincoln on the Agricultural Fair Grounds in Worcester. Be- tween August 23 and 30 it was transported to Annapolis, Md., in or near which place it remained until the following January, when it was attached to the Burnside Expedition to North Carolina.
The formation of the Burnside Expedition made necessary the raising of additional troops, five more regiments being furnished by Massachusetts. One soldier for the 24th Regi- ment, thirty for the 25th Regiment, and three for the 27th Regiment were Royalston's contribution in this hour of need, making a total of thirty-four enlistments credited to the town between September 18 and October 26, of that first year of the war.
418
HISTORY OF ROYALSTON
There are those yet living who recall the circumstances under which the boys of the 25th enlisted. The teacher at the Centre School that fall was James B. Smith, a promising young man, twenty-two years of age, a native of North Orange, and a graduate of Middlebury College. Fired with patriotic ardor, on the 18th of September he resigned his position as teacher and enlisted as a private in Company I, which was being re- cruited by Capt. Varanus P. Parkhurst of Templeton.
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