USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Ipswich > Town annual report of Ipswich 1901 > Part 6
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Oct.[ Oct. very very
very
distn'ly decid'ly
15
16
Via's, Nit'e
2
Commonwealth of Massachusetts-State Board of Health.
WATER ANALYSIS. (Parts in 100,000.)
DATE OF
APPEARANCE
ODOR
RESI DUE.
AMMONIA
RINE.
CHLO-
OXYGEN
CONS'MD
HARD-
NESS
REMARKS.
COL
EX
Tur'y|Sed't |Col
Cold
Hot
Tot'l Free Total
1901|1901
Oct. Oct. 21 22
very
very
.14
none
none
4.40 .0010 .0202
.58
.0020 .0000
.38
2.1 Filter No. 2, inlet
Oct. Oct.
very
very
21
22
Oct.
28
29
slight
cons.
.17
none faintly veg. faintly veg.
rone distn'ly veg distn'ly veg
4.90 .0010 .0252
.57
.0020 .0001
.41
1.8 Storage Basin
Oct. Oct.
28 |29 slight slight
.0040.0001
.38
2.0 Filter No. 1, inlet 66
28
29
none
none
.02
none
none
5.05.0002 .0068 .57
.0100 .0000
.24
3.1
aeration
Oct. Oct. 28 29
none
none
02
none
hone
4.90 .0000 .0062 .57
1.0100 .0000
.24
2.7
aeration
4.90 .0000 .00861.57
.0070 .0000
.19
2.9 Filter No. 2, discharge
Oct.
siight slight
.03
.17
4.15 .0006 .0176
.57
Oct.| Oct.
" before
Filter No. 1, after
Explanation of abbreviations : Col. is collection; Ex. is examination; Tur'y is turbidity; Sed't is sediment 2d Col. is color; Tot'l is total; Nia's is nitrates; Nit'e is nitrites.
NITROGEN AS
Nia's Nit'e
slight slight
Commonwealth of Massachusetts-State Board of Health.
WATER ANALYSIS. (Parts in 100,000.)
NITROGEN
DATE OF
APPEARANCE
ODOR
RESE DUE.
AMMONIA
RINE.
CHLO-
OXYGEN
CONS'MD
NESS
HARD-
REMARKS.
COL.
EX.
Tur'y Sed't |Col
Cold
Hot
rot'l Free [Total
1901 1901
.Oct.
Oct.
28
29
slight slight
.17
distn'ly distn'ly veg veg
4.60 .0006 .0172 .57
.0030.0001
37
1.8 Filter No. 2, inlet
Oct.
Oct.
28
29
none
02
5.15.0000 .0056 .57
.0090 .0000
18
3.0 Filter No. 2, discharge
Nov. Nov. 4
5
slight slight
.15
none distn'ly veg faintly veg
none distn'iy veg faintly veg'
4.35.0020 .0204 .58
.0020.0001
.43
2.0 Filter No. 1, inlet
Nov. Nov 4
5
none
none
.02
none
none
4.50 .0014 .0094 .58
1.0060.0000
.25
2.5 Filter No. 1, before aeration
Nov. Nov 4 5
none
none
02
none
none
4.90.0008 .0096 .58 .0060 .0000
.23
2.6 Filter No. 1, after aeration
4.35 .0020 .0248 .58
.0020.0001
.45
1.8 Storage Basin
Nov. Nov. 4
5
none verv
very
very very slight slight
.14
Explanation of abbreviations ; Col. is collection; Ex. is examination; Tur'y is turbidity; Sed't is sediment 2d Col. is color; Tot'l is total; Nia's is nitrates; Nit'e is nitrites
Nia's |Nit'e
n
Commonwealth of Massachusetts-State Board of Health.
WATER ANALYSIS. (Parts in 100,000.)
DATE OF
APPEARANCE
ODOR
"RESIS DUE.
AMMONIA
RINE.
-OTHO
NITROGEN AS
OXYGEN
CONS'MD
HARD-
NESS
REMARKS.
COL
EX.
Tur'y |Sed't |Col
Cold
Hot
Tot'l Free Total
1901 1901
Nov. Nov very
very slight slight
.14
faintly veg
faintly veg
4.70 .0016 .0%121.58
.0020 .0000
39
1.8.Filter No. 2, inlet
4
5
Nov. Nov
4
5
none
none
02
none
none
5.60 .0006 .0082 .58
.0080 .0000
.16
2.6 Filter No. 2, discharge
Nov. Nov very
very
9
11
slight slight
very
.13 distn'ly decid'ly veg® distn'ly veg wdy 03 none veg. .13 faintly veg. none
4.75 .0008
1.0196 .58
.0020 .0001
38
1.7 Filter No. 1, inlet
Nov. Nov 9 11
none
none
.. 0070 .0000
.25
2.3
before
Nov. Nov 9
11
none
none
.03
none
nene
1.80 .0004 .0084 .59
.0080 .0000
.23
2.3 Filter No. 1, after aeration
4.35 .0006 .0222
1.59
.0020 .0001
38
1.6 Storage Basin
Nov. Nov very 9
11 slight slight
4.75 .0004
.0084 .59
aeration
Explanation of abbreviations : Col. is collection; Ex. is examination; Tur'y is turbidity; Sed't is sediment 2d Col. is color; Tot'l is total; Nia's is nitrates; Nit'e is nitrites.
Nia's Nit'e
()
Commonwealth of Massachusetts-State Board of Health.
WATER ANALYSIS. (Parts in 100,000.)
NITROGEN
DATE OF
APPEARANCE
ODOR
RESE DUE.
AMMONIA
RIN.E.
CHLO-
OXYGEN
CONS'MD
NESS
HARD-
REMARKS.
COL.
EX.
Tur'y Sed't | Col
Cold
Hot
rot'l Free |Total
1901 1901
Nov. Nov. very
very
faintly distn'ly veg
4.60.0008 .0184 .59
5.0040.0002
36
1.7 Filter No. 2, inlet
9
11
slight slight
.14
veg®
Nov. Nov. 9
11
none
none
.021
none
none
5.00 .0004 .00661.58
.0100 .0000
.20
2.6 Filter No. 2, discharge
15
18
slight slight
.12
veg' faintly veg
veg distn'iy veg'
4.40.0008 .0184 .59
.. 0040.0000
36
1.8 Filter No. 1, inlet
Nov. Nov. 15 18
none
none
.02
none
none
4.60 .0002 .00761.58
.0100 .0000
.22
2.3 Filter No. 1, before aeration
Nov. Nov 15 18
none
none
02
none
none
4.55.0004 .0076 .58
.0090 .0000
.21
2.6 Filter No. 1, after aeration
Nov. Nov.
very
very
distn'ly decid'ly
4.608.0014 .0210 .60
1.0050.0000
39
2.0 Basin
Nov. Nov. 15
18
very very slight slight
14
Explanation of abbreviations ; Col. is collection; Ex. is examination; Tur'y is turbidity; Sed't is sediment 2d Col. is color; Tot'l is total; Nia's is nitrates; Nit'e is nitrites.
Nia's Nit'e
p
Commonwealth of Massachusetts-State Board of Health.
WATER ANALYSIS. (Parts in 100,000.)
DATE OF
APPEARANCE
ODOR
BRESI DUE.
AMMONIA
RINE.
CHLO-
NITROGEN AS
OXYGEN
CONS'MID
HARD-
NESS
REMARKS.
COL
EX.
Tur'y| Sed't Col
Cold
Hot
rot'l Free Total
1901 1901
Nov. Nov very
very
.14
none
faintly veg none
4.50 .0010 .0180 .59
.0050 .0000
38;
1.8 Filter No. 2, inlet
Nov. Nov
15 |18
none
nonc
.02
none
4.85 .0002 .0064 .58
.0110 .0000
.21
2.7 Filter No. 2, outlet
Nov. Nov
very slight
.18 faintly distn'ly
4.40 .0000 .00581.49
.0010 .0000
.31
2.0 Dow's Brook
Nov. Nov very
very
veg. .78 faintly
veg distu'ly veg
7.90 .0030
.0376
.67
.0160 .0000 2.02
1.7 Bull Brook
Dec. Dec-
very
17
18 slight slight
veg .42 faintly veg
veg distu'ly veg
5.05.0008
.01261.53
.0070.0001
68
1.6 Dow's Brook
Dec. Dec. very
1
17
18 Eslightslight
.28/fty vegldis. veg 5.40.0020) .01981 .63 .0080 .00015
.46/ 1.7 Storage Basin
23 | 26 slight slight
Dec. Dec.
very
very
veg.
17 |18
slight slight 1.96 faintly distn'ly
7.65 .0044 .0224 .76
.0050 .0000 1.02
2.5 Bull Brook
23 26
none
15 |18 slight slight
Nia's Nit'e
Explanation of abbreviations : Col. is collection; Ex. is examination; Tur'y is turbidity; Sed't is sediment 2d Col. is color; Tot'l is total; Nia's is nitrates; Nit'e is nitrites.
TOWN OF IPSWICH.
.OF THE
School Committee
MASS
IPSY
U.S.
1634
THE BIRTHPLACE OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 1637
FOR THE YEAR ENDING DEC. 31, 1901
IPSWICH : FRED R. HULL, PRINTER, 1902.
School Committee.
JOHN H. COGSWELL
TERM EXPIRES 1902
HARRIET E. NOYES
1902
CHARLES S. CUMMINGS
1903
GEORGE W. TOZER
66
1903
CHARLES W. BAMFORD
66
1904
CHARLES G. HULL
66
1904
ORGANIZATION.
- -
CHARLES W. BAMFORD, Chairman.
JOHN H. COGSWELL, Sec'y.
Sub=Committees.
HIGH SCHOOL.
MR. BAMFORD. MRS. NOYES. MR. TOZER.
GRAMMAR GRADES.
MR. COGSWELL. MR. HULL. MR. CUMMINGS.
PRIMARY GRADES. MRS. NOYES. MR. HULL.
MR COGSWELL.
ARGILLA SCHOOL. MR. TOZER.
APPLETON SCHOOL. MR. CUMMINGS.
LINEBROOK SCHOOL. MRS. NOYES.
VILLAGE SCHOOL. MR. HULL.
GRAPE ISLAND SCHOOL. MR. BAMFORD.
ON REPAIRS.
MR. COGSWELL. MR. CUMMINGS.
LABOR CERTIFICATES. MR. BAMFORD.
PURCHASING AGENT. MR. COGSWELL.
TRUANT OFFICER. :
ALBERT S. GARLAND.
LIST OF TEACHERS.
JANUARY 1, 1902.
HIGH SCHOOL
Principal Emma G. Gardner Assistant
Susie H. Potter Assistant
MANNING GRAMMAR
Grade IX S. Isabel Arthur Grade VIII Katharine F. Sullivan
Grade VII E. Mahel Adams
Grade VI Fva M. Purinton
Grade V Mabel A. Willis
Grade IV Eva A. Willcomb
COGSWELL SCHOOL
5
Grade ITI
Katharine Baker
Grades I and II
Isabel G. Brown
Grade III
Annie P. Wade
DENNISON SCHOOL
Grades I and II
Grace E. Smith
Grade III Mary E. Archer
Susan L. Kimball
PAYNE SCHOOL
Grades I and II
Elsie M. Ross
WAINWRIGHT SCHOOL Minnie F. Hodgkins.
APPLETON SCHOOL ..... Ellen T. Sullivan.
ARGILLA SCHOOL Katie L. Brown.
GRAPE ISLAND SCHOOL Cora H. Jewett.
LINEBROOK SCHOOL Abbie Carr.
VILLAGE SCHOOL Augusta N. Appletou.
MUSIC
Edward L. Macarthur.
DRAWING Ethel W. Ratsey.
WINTHROP GRAMMAR
! 1
John P. Marston
Numerical Statement.
Number of children in town between the ages of 5 and 15, according to the census taken in September, 1901 .765
As follows :
Number of boys betwen the ages of 5 and 15.
389
Number of girls between the ages of 5 and 15
376
Number of boys between the ages of 7 and 14
270
Number of girls between the ages of 7 and 14
253
523
Number of boys under 7 years of age
87
Number of girls under 7 years of age
83
170
Number of boys between the ages of 14 and 15
.38
Number of girls between the ages of 14 and 15
34
72
Enrolment.
Number of pupils enroled in public schools for the year ending June 30. 1901 837 As follows :
In High School 68
In Grammar Schools 314
In Primary Schools 392 In Ungraded Schools 63
NOTE. In connection with the above it should be stated that the number enrolled includes 107 pupils who are above 15 years of age.
Enrolment and Attendance
For the Year Ending June 30, 1901.
Average|Average | Per cent
· NAME OF SCHOOL.
No. En- rolled.
Mem- bership.
attend- ance.
of atten- dance.
High School
68
59.9
54.6
91.8
Manning Grammar Grade IX
71
63.6
59.2
93.
Manning Grammar Grade VIII
42
39.7
36.2
92.3
Winthrop Grammar Grade VII
43
35.5
32.9
92.2
Winthrop Grammar Grade VI
45
38.4
35.
91.3
Winthrop Grammar Grade V
51
44.9
41.1
92.3
Winthrop Grammar Grade IV
62
51.2
45.4
88.8
Cogswell School Grade III.
45
41.3
37.4
91.3
Cogswell School Grades I and II
59
46.2
39.9
86.3
Dennison School Grade III
45
40.7
38.3
94.1
Dennison School Grades I and II
66
57.2
51.6
90.2
Payne School Grade III
49
43.5
39.3
90.2
Payne School Grades I and II
91
77.1
69.8
90.5
Wainwright School Grades I and II.
37
35.
30.
85.6
Appleton School Ungraded
16
12.6
11.
87.2
Argilla School Ungraded
7
5.9
5.1
86.5
Grape Island School Ungraded
7
6.
5.4
90.
Linebrook School Ungraded.
23
19.2
17.3
90.3
Village School Ungraded
10
8.
7.2
90.
837
725.9
656.7
90.4
REPORT.
In presenting the annual report, the committee would congratulate the citizens of the town upon the present excellent condition of the schools, which condition has been made possible and is largely due to the open-handed generosity of the townspeople, in dealing with the problem of education. To these congratulations the committee would add their thanks for the hearty co-operation which they have received from all classes of citizens. Owing to the increase, during the past few years, in the school population, and the ever onward march of improve- ment which it has been impossible to resist, these years have been a period of transition, and one which materially has increased the duties and difficulties of the Board. Like other town officials, the School Board is entitled to the considerare judgment and hearty appreciation of the citizens, because of the complicated responsibilities which they bear. It is not an easy matter to steer safely between the Scylla of lax and lavish expenditure, and the Charybdis of a parsimony which will be almost fatal to some branches of our school work; or always to de- cide wisely and justly for the best good of all. We do not assume to be above criticism. We know that we sometimes are subject to unjust re- flections, but we are grateful for the appreciation and considerate spirit of the people generally.
A retrospect of the year naturally involves not only the story of the past. but the conditions of the present, and the outlook for the future. While we may not have attained the perfect standard which we would like to see our schools maintain, certainly our progression has not been in any sense backward. There has been gain along many lines. Plato, however, tells us that, "the imperfect is the measure of nothing;" therefore, nothing but the best,-the best in teachers and methods, in aims and work,-should be considered good enough for our schools.
10
IPSWICH SCHOOL REFORT.
Four elements are required for a good school, viz: a good school-room, intelligent scholars, a wide-awake, energetic, and wise teacher, and INTERESTED parents. The latter is quite as essential as either of the other requirements. During the past year these conditions have been met more fully than ever before. With few exceptions, the school buildings are in good order; the pupils, many of them, have been awakened to a new sense of the meaning and value of education ; teach- ers have been alert, responsive. and in the main, wise in administration ; and, most hopeful sign of all, parents have become more interested i:1 the progress of their children. By progress we mean the REAL knowl- edge which they have gained, not only cf facts in books, but gain in self control, in the art of mastering difficulties, and of applying that which they have learned ; not the fact of their having had a certain per cent for the year or that they have "jumped" a grade, or several seats in their school-room.
In all true education the amount of book knowledge gained, how- ever important it may be, is an entirely subordinate matter compared with the mental desires that are aroused, and the mental power that is stored up. These desires depend largely upon the measure of contact of the mental life in the teacher with the answering love of the pupil. Unless the teacher has a genuine and enthusiastic love for his work, there will be little of this right kind of progress. The teacher who takes up the profession from purely mercenary views, who is constantly calculating what fraction of a dollar each hour of the day will bring him, will fail utterly of awakening in his scholars any laudable ambi- tion. With this class of teachers Ipswich never has been greatly afflict- ed. and none have been found during the past year. As the years go by, the schools vary very much in regard to the disposition of the schol- ars to study and in regard to capacity. At the close of the year there is sometimes little to show for all the pains that has been taken, and cas- ual lookers-on are ant to put the blame upon the teacher, when the solu - tion of the difficulty really lies in the entirely changed composition and complexion of the school. Here again the help of the parent is needed. A man who should hire a person to work on his farm for the season, and never go into the field to inspect or overlook the work, would be likely to harvest more tares than wheat, and would have more weeds to burn than vegetables for market. Yet parents send their children to
11
IPSWICH SCHOOL REPORT.
school to be fitted for the duties of life, and sellom or never visit this educational field, to find out personally whether or not the teacher is doing his duty, or whether or not the children are in accord with the rules of the school; whether they are obedient and not pugnacious; studions, not indolent; neat, orderly and polite, instead of the opposite. It is pleasant for the committee to note, in the registers of several of the schools. a marked increase in the number of parents who have been awakered to an interest in these things.
The registers still bear too many absent marks. Who is responsible for this? Absence affects not only the standing of the absentee but also the entire class with which he is associated. We are pleased to say that the absences have decreased during the past school year.
Our teachers are coming to realize more fully the fact that no two pupils in their charge are exactly alike in their capacity for each and every study. and more individuality is allowed. While our graded schools still aim at uniformity, to expect that each and every child will " he turned out of the educational "hopper" in exactly the same mental state, is as absurd as to plant cranberries and beans on the same swamp or sand bill. and expect that both will bear a good crop in either soil.
One important change in the school grading has been made during the past year, by which. it is believed, the efficiency of the work will be even greater than that of preceding years. By the change one less teacher is needed. This change has been the dropping of a grade which came between the seventh and eighth grades, and one which socmed to have no reason for being. It was so little in advance of the legitimate seventh, that it seemed to be simply a loitering ground for those not studionsty inclined. The resignation of Miss Lakeman in April, - regretted alike by pupils, parents and committee, -and the pro- motion of Miss Arthur to the principalship of the Manning Grammar School, made possible the long-talked-of change. It went into effect iu September. Its resu'ts have more than justified the committee in making the experiment. The financial saving, -which is the least of the gain,-is $500 per year. To the pupils it means a little harder work and one less year before reaching the High School. Two grades are now found in the Manning Grammar School and the work has greatly improved. During the last two months of the school year, May and June, a temporary change of teachers was necessitated, and the com-
12
IPSWICH SCHOOL REPORT.
mittee would express their appreciation of the hearty and energetic manner in which these teachers carried on their new work, under rather trying conditions, and also the ready and kindly way in which they responded to the call of the Board.
Teachers.
1
It has been said of the Ipswich teachers that "Few marry and none resign," but the past year has proved this statement a fallacy. In April, Miss Carrie L. Lakeman. for many years connected with the Grammar School, both as assistant and principal, resigned her position, to the genuine regret of all connected with the school. Her sunny face and cheerful disposition, her wise rule and energetic ways, made her a living power among her pupils. Her resignation was followed at the close of the school year by that of Miss Hatch, the efficient and beloved assistant in the High School. Miss Susie H. Potter, a teacher of ex- perience and ability, was elected to fill the vacancy. The contagion of resignation spread to Linebrook, Argilla and the Appleton district. In the first school Miss Edith F. Perley, tried and true in her work, left it to accept a higher position in the schools of Reading. At Argilla, Miss Cora A. Smith was obliged to resign on account of ill-health; and at the Appleton School, Miss Lord gave up her position to continue her own studies at the Salem Normal School. To the excellent service of these teachers and their faithful and conscientious work, the commit- tee bear cheerful testimony. During the winter,"Miss Cora II. Jewett substituted acceptably at Argilla and was followed by Miss Katie L. Brown. The latter was elected as permanent teacher. At the Appleton School, Miss Lord was succeeded by Miss Ellen T. Sullivan, who is meet-
13
IPSWICH SCHOOL REPORT.
ing the requirements of the school and doing excellent work. At Line- brook, matters did not go quite smoothly under Miss Alma Taylor, who was elected to Miss Perley's vacant desk, and she resigned at the close of the fall term. Miss Abbie Carr, a graduate of the Salem Normal School, succeeded to the position.
In September. Miss Eva A. Willcomb was transferred permanently from the third grade in the Payne School to the fourth grade in the Winthrop, and Miss Ella M. Archer went, by preference, to Miss Will- comb's place at the Payne School.
In October, Miss Lanra A. Hubbard, the loved and honored music teacher in our public schools since 1893, was called suddenly away from her work on earth,-a work conscientiously and efficiently per- formed. Her name always will be kindly remembered by the hundreds of pupils who have passed under her care. To her untiring, pains- taking efforts is due in large measure the present excellent results in this branch of the school work. In electing her successor, Mr. Edward L. Macarthur of Malden, the committee feel that no mistake has been made. The work is going on well and smoothly, and the new teacher has aronsed an even greater enthusiasm than has been shown in pre- vious years. He brings to his work both the "spirit and the under- standing."
Owing to the "dim religious light" prevailing in many of the school rooms during the short winter afternoons, and at the earnest solicita- tions of several parents living at a long distance from the schools, the committee decided to close the afternoon sessions at 3:30 o'clock, in- stead of at four, during the winter term. The four o'clock hour will be resumed in April.
14
IPSWICH SCHOOL REPORT.
School Curriculum.
A few changes have been made in the school curriculum in order to give, if possible, to each scholar compelled to leave school at the close of the Grammar course, some insight into practical business methods and laws. To this end, Bookkeeping has been substituted for Algebra in the Grammar School. Bookkeeping and Commercial Law have been introduced into the High School. To establish a separate Commercial Course would require a special appropriation for its carrying on, and also many appliances which would demand a large outlay. The com- mittee have tried to adjust the matter without increasing the expend- iture, and it is hoped that, little by little, there may come into the school curriculum other and still better changes. While we do not want our schools to be of the cultivated-while-you-wait order, neither do we want the pupil to be forced through a certain number of sub- jects for which he has neither aptitude nor inclination, only to come out at the end with a smattering of this and that, and with no real mental equipment for anything. We are urged not to "lower the stand- ard of the High School." Far is it from the mind of any member of the School Board to do this, but as a French proverb says, "We must make arrows out of every kind of wood." If boys and girls will not enter the High School because they are not adapted to the courses found; there, or from other circumstances cannot take the years necessary for such a course, we must give them something in its place. This the people have a right to demand and therefore every kind of " 'wood" should be used in making educational arrows. The committee feel sure that the intro . duction of practical studies will not militate against the classical and college courses, but will have the opposite effect. Pupils who take up the latter courses when not specially adapted for them, naturally do their work in a perfanctory manner which is an injury to the entire class. They say they "cannot keep up" and either the whole class
15
IPSWICH SCHOOL REPORT.
must make slow progress or the laggards must be left behind, just keep- ing their swifter companions in sight, and winning a diploma by the fraction of a per cent. The fault is not actually in the pupil, but in the subject upon which he is engaged. A few become interested after a time and are as zealous as the best, bat these are like the proverbial "angels'visits." Above all things, education should recognize the fit- ness of different minds for different work, and should make of our schools not merely "institutions of learning," as the phrase goes, but character factories where education is the great engine wheel.
The Outlook.
So much for the past and present For the future two contingencies, likely to become certainties, await us. According to the statute, July of this year must see the inauguration of a school superintendent, Whether Ipswich is not too near the valuation limit, to allow of a coalition with other towns is a question. Should such a union be possi- ble, the town will take in either hand its two daughters, Essex and Ham- ilton, who have signified through their committees their desire to unite with Mother Ipswich. If this is done, Ipswich will have the superin- tendent's time three days, and the other towns one day each, [in every week. For the superintendent's salary a special appropriation můst be made, which must be fixed by the town at the coming meeting.
The second contingency is the need of increased school accommoda- tions. The High School is growing. In a short time it will need the whole of the Manning building for its work. Even now another room is needed. Where, then, will the Grammar School be located? The Payne schoolhouse is overcrowded and some remedy must soon be found to re-
16
IPSWICH SCHOOL REPORT.
lieve its congested condition. What shall be done here? The former difficulty could be obviated by building on to the Winthrop building two new rooms, for Grades VIII and IX, which would bring all the Grammar grades under one roof and might be advantageous in many ways. The solution of the second problem is less easy, but probably will need to be faced very soon While these changes may not have to be met this year, the time cannot be far distant when some action must be taken. 1
Discipline.
The question of discipline in the school-room sometimes is one of difficulty and dissatisfaction. This arises, perhaps, not so much from the form of correction for delinquencies, as from the mauner and spirit in which the penalty is exacted. Children have a sense of right and fairness, which helps them to submit to correction if they think it is de- served. Whatever mode of punishment is selected, it should be admin- istered firmly and kindly and with the utmost fairness. Many occasions of discipline which arise may be made useful training in self-respect and manliness. Learning how to be ruled is at the same time learning how to rule in turn. The past year has been exceptionally free from insubord- ination, so that one almost would believe that the day of the mischievous or rebellious urchin has passed away. But as "Heaven is not gained at a single bound," it is safe to suppose that these elements are not extinct although held in abeyance for the past year. Once only during the school year has the committee been called upon personally to reprimand pupils. Nearly every school-room has been quiet and orderly, and the quiet and order liave been maintained without severe measures.
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