USA > Massachusetts > Norfolk County > Weymouth > Town annual report of Weymouth 1927 > Part 3
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28
Article 10 Encroachments upon Street Lines
Section 13. Whenever the selectmen ascertain that any struc- ture, placed in violation of the preceding section, encroaches upon the limits of the street, lane, square or alley upon which said structure abuts, they shall forthwith issue an order to the party offending, directing that the structure be removed within the time specified therein, and in case of non-compliance, the selectmen shall cause the incumbrance to be removed at the expense of the delin- quent.
Article 11
Section 14. The external walls of any building shall not be placed at a less distance than four feet from the line of the lot
26
upon which the building is to be located, and the space between buildings erected on any lot, and those that shall be built upon the: same lot, shall not be less than eight feet; porches, piazzas, bay- windows, etc., are included; unless the board of selectmen shall, after a hearing to adjoining property owners and the public, grant. a permit to place brick or stone building, other than dwellings, nearer than the distance above named.
Article 12 Bay-windows and Other Projections
Section 15. No bay-windows or other structure shall be placed on any building so as to project over any public way or square.
Article 13 Buildings other than Dwellings
Section 16. No building hereafter erected for mercantile or manufacturing purposes shall be built in a range of more than sixty feet, measuring along the line of the wall adjoining the street, without the intervention of a brick wall at least twelve inches thick for a building not over two stories high; the top of such wall at any point shall be eighteen inches above the roof, and covered with a metal, cement or stone caping. (For a building over two stories high, see Chapter 481, Section 25, Acts of 1894.)
Section 17. No person shall hereafter erect or use any build- ing for a plaining mill, public hall, hotel or for any manufacturing or mercantile purpose, without first obtaining a permit from the selectmen and the chief inspector of buildings of the Common- wealth, and no such permit shall be granted until after due no- tice is given to owners of adjoining property, and after a hear- ing pursuant to such notice.
Article 14 Dwellings for Two or More Families
Section 18. The requirements of this article shall apply to. every building more than two stories high hereafter erected or converted to use as a building to be occupied for dwelling pur- poses by two or more separate families or households.
Section 19. In all such buildings there shall be at least two independent and sufficient ways of egress, accessible on each floor from each suite of apartments. Such ways of egress shall con- sist of flights of stairs extending from the lowest to the highest floor, and not more than one flight of stairs shall be placed in the same hall way. Every such way of egress, from everv such building, shall be kept in good repair and unobstructed. All buildings shall have permanent means of access to the roof, from the inside, by an opening that shall not be less than eighteen by thirty inches.
Article 15 Piling
Section 20. When the nature of the ground requires it, all' buildings shall be supported on foundation piles not more than three feet apart on centres in the direction of the wall, and the number, diameter and bearing of such piles shall be sufficient to support the superstructure proposed. The inspector shall de- termine the grade at which the piles shall be cut to insure con- stant immersion. There shall not be less than two rows under all external and party walls. All piles to be capped with con- crete or block granite levellers not less than sixteen inches thick,
27
each leveller having a form bearing on the pile or piles which it covers; under each pier for support of floor-bearing beams not less than three piles shall be used. The inspector may require any applicant for a permit to ascertain by boring the nature of the ground on which he proposes to build.
Article 16 Wooden Buildings
Section 21. Every wooden building hereafter erected, ex- cept when specified in section 22, shall have a foundation of rubble stone, block granite, concrete, or brick, laid in mortar and carried to the surface of the ground. Every such foundation, if of brick, shall be at least twelve inches thick, with a footing eight inches wider than the wall, and stepped up one foot; if of granite block stone, shall be at least sixteen inches thick; if of rubble stone, shall be at least eighteen inches thick, shall be laid at least four feet below any surface exposed to frost, and upon the solid ground. Every such wooden building hereafter erected ·or altered, the sills of which do not rest directly upon a founda- tion as above described, but on an under-pinning, shall have such under-pinning made of brick or stone or cement block, and if the building is not over two stories high above the highest street level of its principal front, the under-pinning, if of brick, shall be at least eight inches thick; and if the building is of greater height, the under-pinning, if of brick, shall be at least twelve inches thick; and if of poured cement from cellar bottom up not less than 10 inches thick, if over two stories high 12 inches thick, every under-pinning, if of stone, shall be at least sixteen inches thick. No concrete mixture shall be leaner than 1-3-6.
Section 22. Every such wooden building hereafter erected on soft or marshy land, and used for a work-shop or other like purpose, or as a temporary structure may, if the building in- spector approves, rest on mud-sills or blocks, or on piles cut to the height of grade. Wooden buildings to be used as stables, carriage-houses for the housing of automobiles, or for hen, duck, rabbit or hare-houses, not covering over seven hundred square feet on the ground, and not exceeding fifteen feet in height, may be built without girts or tenoned studs and posts, but in a man- ner satisfactory to the inspector of buildings.
Section 23. Every eighth course, at least, of a brick founda- tion shall be a heading or bonding course; the under-pinning may be bonded every eighth course with Flemish headers; where rubble stone is used, one-third of the wall shall be laid with through stone, well bonded.
Section 24. All stone and brick work shall be laid in lime and cement mortar, no pocrer than equal parts of lime and ce- ment, with a proper proportion of sand as will secure thorough adhesion to the materials with which they are to be used, and the building inspector shall condemn all mortars not so made; all to be well laid with well-filled joints. Brick when laid shall be wet or dry, as the building inspector may direct; no light, hard or soft brick to be used. Foundation walls shall not be laid on frozen ground.
Section 25. Every wooden building hereafter erected (except where specified in section 22) or altered shall have all parts of sufficient strength to carry the weight of the superstructure; shall be built with sills halved at all intersections. Posts and
28
girts shall be morticed, tennoned, braced and pinned at each story, studs and plates securely nailed. The posts, sills and girts. shall not be less than four by six inches, plates four by four inches or its equivalent, and the studs two by four inches, not more than sixteen inches on centers. Floor-bearing partitions will have studs two by four inches, the bottom resting on girder of not less than six by eight inches, the stud to have a suitable cap, and the studs in the intermediate stories to have a footing on the cap. All door opening's in excess of three feet will be trussed over same, as also all self-supporting walls and parti- tions above the first floor. The attic floor may be supported by a ledger board, cut in the wall studs, but between the studs a two-inch plank, by the width of the stud, shall be cut in to pre- vent the passage of air. No ceiling timbers above top floor shall be less than 2 x 6. All timbers resting on brick walls shall be cut on a splay, and will have suitable anchor irons on the ends of timbers every ten feet, and a continuous tie made across the wall where the timbers meet by suitable irons, and the opposite- end spiked to the outside studs. All headers and trimmers of all openings over four feet square, and all timbers under cross par- titions shall have joists double other timbers. In all dwelling- houses, the size of floor joists shall not be less than the following: Clear span of 10 or 11 feet, size of joist 2 x 7. Clear span of 12 or 13 feet, size of joist 2 x 8. Clear span of 14 or 15 feet, size of joist 2 x 9. Clear span of 16 or 17 feet, size of joist 2 x 10. Clear span of 18 or 20 feet, size of joist 2 x 12.
and be placed not more than sixteen inches on centres. All floors with a span of over 12 feet shall be cross bridged. No rafters less than 2 x 6 shall be used and they to be laid 24 inches on centers.
Section 26. Piers under girders, supporting floor timbers in basement, may be of Iron of Lally Columns or columns of similar type or red cedar, or chestnut of sufficient strength, or brick or concrete not more than nine feet apart; trimmers in first floor over twelve feet in length shall be supported by a pier or column. Footings for all piers shall set on a firm foundation and have levellers one foot larger than the piers; footings to be not less than twelve inches thick. Piers under porches and piazzas shall have suitable foundations at least four feet below the grade.
Section 27. Wooden buildings built in blocks of two or more dwellings shall have brick walls, not less than twelve inches thick, with a footing course eight inches wider than the wall, and stepped up one foot, and carried up to the under side of roof boards; and there shall be a space of four inches be- tween the timbers on each side of wall; the roof boards to bc laid and embedded in mortar on wall. Fire-stops or mortar shall be required at the floor and ceiling in each story, on the brick party wall between and flush with the furring. The brick wall to be of merchantable hard bricks, and laid as required for foundation walls in section 24 of this by-law. These brick walls. are to be built from the inside of outside wall boarding, and must be corbelled out to the cornice.
In case the projection of the cornice will not admit of cor- belling out to make a thorough fire-stop, then the rafters on each side of the wall shall be covered on the sides, and over the planceer board and back of the gutter fascia, with galvanized
.
29
iron or zinc, and the space between filled in with non-combustible material. The spaces between such parts of floor joists as rest upon girders, partition heads or sills shall have the spaces filled in solid, between the studs, four inches above the floor, with bricks laid in mortar, or other fire-proof material; the spaces between stringers or stair-cases and joists of landings, unless unceiled, shall be stopped with some incombustible material at two places in every flight of stairs, so as to prevent the passage of air. Fire- stops must be put on each floor, between the floors and chimney. All channels and pockets for gas, water and scil pipes must be made smoke tight at each floor.
Article 17 External and Party Walls of Brick Dwelling-houses
Section 28. The external walls of all brick dwelling-houses two stories high shall not be less than eight inches thick above the top of first floor, and not less than one foot thick from the top of the foundation to the top of first floor. In all three-story buildings, the external walls above the top of first floor shall not be less than one foot thick to top of second floor and six- teen inches thick from the top of foundation to top of first floor. If the building is more than sixty feet in height, from the side- walk to ceiling of upper story, the external walls shall not be less than sixteen inches in the first story, and twelve inches thick above that story. Foundations if of brick shall be four inches thicker than the wall in first story; foundations if of block gran- ite shall be six inches thicker than the wall above, and if of rubble stone, shall be ten inches thicker than the wall above, and shall have a footing course of large size stone eight inches wider than the wall; no round or boulder stone shall be used.
All party walls shall not be less than twelve inches thick. All roof or floor timbers entering the same party wall from op- posite sides shall have at least four inches solid brick-work be- tween the ends of said timbers.
The ends of all wooden floor or roof beams in dwelling's with masonry walls shall enter the wall to a depth of at least four inches, unless the wall is properly corbelled so as to give a bearing of at least four inches; and the ends of all such beams shall be so shaped or arranged that in case of fire they may fall without injury to the wall.
Each floor in dwellings with masonry walls shall have its beams so tied to the walls and to each other with wrought-iron straps or anchors at least three-eighths of an inch thick by one and one-half inch wide, so as to form continuous ties across the build- ing not more than ten feet apart. Walls running parallel or nearly parallel with floor beams shall be properly tied once in ten feet to the floor beams by iron straps or anchors of the size above specified. Every wooden header or trimmer more than four feet long, carrying a floor load of over seventy pounds per square foot, at connections with other beams, shall be hung In stirrup irons and joint bolted. All tail beams and similar beams of wood shall be framed or hung in stirrup irons. All iron beams shall have proper connections.
Cutting for piping or other purposes shall not be done so as to reduce the strength of the supporting parts below that re- quired by the provisions of this act.
No part of any floor timbers shall be within two inches of any
1
30
chimney. No studding or furring shall be within one inch of any chimney.
Every brick dwelling over three stories high shall have a sufficient fire-stop at each floor, covering the whole floor of each story through all stud partitions, and extending to the masonry walls. Every air-duct, except vents, shall be effectually stopped at each story. Every such fire-stop shall consist of a solid, air- tight cohesive layer, at least one inch thick, of tile, brick, terra- cotta or like fire-made material, plaster, cement, cinder or ashes, or of a combnaton of the same, or of equally non-inflammable, non- heat-conducting materials, laid between the upper and under floors, or occupying all the space between the timbers under the under floors. And in all brick dwellings above three stories in height, and in all brick dwellings occupied as independent apart- ments or tenements by more than three families, all stairways shall be enclosed in walls or shafts of non-inflammable material, and all openings in said walls or shafts shall be provided with metal-covered doors hung to rabbeted iron frames with iron thresholds. The foot of each partition and of each tier of studding or furring shall be filled solid between the uprights to the full width thereof, and to the height of six inches above the floor, with the same incombusibles as above prescribed for fire-stops, or some combination thereof. The spaces between such parts of the floor joists as rest upon partition heads shall be filled with the materials above required. The spaces between stringers of stair-cases and joists of landings, unless unceiled, shall be stopped with some of the incombustibles above mentioned, at three places at least in every flight of stairs, as to prevent the passage of air.
All new or renewed roofs shall be so constructed as to bear safely, in addition to the weight of the material, twenty-five pounds per superficial foot of area, covered with proper additional allowance for a horizontal wind pressure of thirty pounds per square foot. All thin glass skylights upon roofs shall be covered by a wire netting when in the opinion of the inspector such pro- tection is needed. The roof of every brick building hereafter built shall be covered with tin, iron, slate, gravel, composition, or like substantial roofing material not readily inflammable.
Section 29. All stone wall and brick-work shall be laid as described for foundations in Article 16, except that the external brick walls above the foundation, and the party walls above first floor, may be laid in best lime mortar, and if of face brick, by cutting the corners and putting in diagonal headers. Fire-stops of mortar shall be required at the floor and ceilings in each story, on party and external walls between and flush with the furring.
Section 30. In no case shall a wood lintel support any brick- work. All window and door openings shall have suitable caps, segmental arches or iron beams. All lintels for store fronts sup- porting walls shall be of iron, the ends resting on an iron plate the full thickness of the wall. No wood posts shall support any iron beams. Iron posts for any support of walls shall have a bot- tom iron plate not less than twelve by twelve by two inches.
Article 18 Openings in Brick Walls
Section 31. No opening or door-way shall be cut through a party or partition brick wall of any building without a permit from
31
the inspector. Such openings shall be provided with self closing doors of material satisfactory to underwriters hung to rebatted iron frames or to hinges in brick work or from an inclined track.
Article 19
Construction of Chimneys
Section 32. All chimneys hereafter shall be built of brick, stone or other incombustible material, and shall have a footing of masonry or iron supported by iron or corbels of brick or stone. No chimney shall be hung to an 8-inch wall, or bear or rest upon wood. No chimneys corbelled from a wall shall project more than the thickness of the wall.
All smoke flues built of brick less than 8 inches thick shall be smoothly plastered both inside and outside except where said chimney is not concealed, in such case plastering on inside will be sufficient, below any woodwork in basement to the entire height of the chimney. All brick vent flues shall be smoothly plastered or cement washed on the inside.
All flues shall be topped out at least four feet above the highest part of the roof at the point through which they pass, with brick or stone, and the topping out shall not have more than two inches projection, unless covered by a cap of improved incombus- tible material, properly secured; and in no case shall a nail be driven into the masonry of any flue. All woodwork in brick build- ings shall be placed distant, one inch, and floor timbers, headers, trimmers, and girders, at least 11/2 inches from the outside of every chimney flue. In chimneys with more than two flues the withes shall be constructed of brick laid flatways and bonded every eight courses.
Section 33. Chimneys Passing Through Floors. Where chimneys pass through floors they shall be held central in open- ings by one header projected out at each corner against open- ings, and there shall be fire-stops of tin, sheet iron or masonry to stop draft through openings around chimneys on each floor.
Section 34. Recess on Chimneys. No chimney shall be corbelled out, but may be corbelled if thoroughly bonded to receive a thimble. All recesses shall be plastered and there shall be a space of not less than six inches between woodwork and thimble, or they shall be made safe in a manner satisfactory to the inspector.
No brick flue shall be built out of plumb beyond its center of gravity.
Section 35. Flues Not on Foundation Walls, Etc. Brick flues in dwellings not starting from foundation walls shall rest upon a continuous support of metal or masonry extending to the ground.
Brick flues necessary in buildings other than dwellings, and not starting from the ground, shall be supported in a manner approved by the inspector; and if other than brick, where they pass through the roofs, ceilings, closets, floors, or any woodwork, shall be guarded by a double collar or pipe, with at least three inches air space and holes for ventilation and made safe in a man- ner satisfactory to the inspector.
When smoke flues are connected with hot water or low pres- sure steam boilers having a grate area of over eight square feet, bakers ovens, hotel or restaurant ranges, the brick walls enclosing the flue linings shall not be less than eight inches in thickness. When smoke flues are connected with high pressure steam boilers,
1
32
smelting furnaces and other apparatus which heat the flues to a similarly high temperature, enclosing brick walls shall be not less than twelve inches in thickness and in place of the lining, the in- side four inches of such walls shall be of fire brick laid in fireclay extending for a distance of not less than twenty-five feet in any direction from the source of heat, and there shall be an air space of at least four inches within all walls not external to the building for the same distance as required for the lining.
Iron cupola chimneys or foundries shall extend at least ten feet above the highest point of any roof within a radius of fifty feet of such cupola, and be capped with a suitable spark arrester. No woodwork shall be placed within two feet of the cupola.
Section 36. Notice in Case of Unsafe Chimneys, Etc. If any chimney, flue or heating apparatus shall, in the opinion of the Inspector of Buildings, be unsafe by reason of endangering the premises by fire or otherwise, he shall at once notify in writing the owner, agent or other party having an interest in said prem- ises, who upon receiving said notice shall make the same safe, in pursuance of the terms of said notice.
Article 20 Foundations for Fire-places, Ranges and Grates
Section 37. All hearths shall be supported by trimmer arches or brick. The brick jambs of every fire-place, range or grate opening, and the backs of such openings, shall be at least eight inches thick. All hearths and trimmer arches shall be at least twelve inches longer on either side than the width of said open- ings, and at least eighteen inches wide in front of the chimney breast. Brick-work over fireplaces and grate opening's shall be supported by proper iron bars, or brick or stone arches.
Article 21 Steam Pipes
Section 38. All steam pipes passing through floors or joists shall be protected by an incombustible ring or tube, or rest on iron supports, with air space three-fourths of an inch larger in diam- eter than the steam pipe.
Article 22 Protection of Woodwork About Smoke Pipes
Section 39. No smoke pipe shall pass through any wooden partition, without a soapstone ring of the thickness of the partition and extending four inches from the pipe, or a double metal collar of the thickness of the partition, with a ventilated air space of not less than four inches around the pipe; nor shall a smoke pipe be placed within eight inches of any wood unless such wood is plas- tered and protected by a metal shield two inches distant from the wood, in which case the smoke pipe shall not be less than six inches from the wood. All smoke pipes passing through closets shall have ventilated air space pipes at least four inches larger than the smoke pipe.
Section 40. The smoke pipes of any hot-air, steam, hot-water or other furnace passing beneath wooden beams or ceilings shall be kept at least eighteen inches therefrom, or the wood-work shall be protected by a tin shield suspended at least two inches below said beams or ceiling, in which case the pipe may be placed within eight inches of the beam or ceiling.
33
Article 23 Furnaces, Registers and Hot-Air Pipes
Section 41. Tops of furnaces set in brick shall be covered with brick, laid on iron bars and made perfectly tight, said cov- ering to be in addition to, and not less than six inches from, the ordinary covering of the hot-air chamber, and shall be at least four inches below any wooden beams or ceilings, and the top of portable furnaces at least one foot below any wooden beams or ceilings.
Section 42. All hot-air register boxes hereafter placed in the floors or partitions of buildings shall be set in soapstone or equally incombustible borders, not less than two inches wide. Register boxes shall be made of tin plate, with a flange on top to fit a groove in the border, and shall be double throughout, with one-inch air space all around between inner and outer casing. Hot-air pipes and register boxes of fifteen by twenty-five inches or more shall have a similar air-space, not less than two inches all around.
Section 43. Furnace or other pipes conveying heated air shall be of tin plate or its equal, and, except from hot-water or steam radiators, in partitions or between floors, shall be double, with three-fourths inch space all around between the inner and outer pipes.
Article 24 Boiler Houses, Boiler Rooms, Etc.
Section 44. Boiler houses and boiler rooms in establishments where inflammable materials are used, or where shavings or other highly inflammable materials are used for fuel, shall be enclosed in brick, stone or concrete walls, or iron studs filled with concrete. Roofs or floors over such rooms or houses shall be made of iron, brick, stone or concrete arches or slabs, or, if of wood, shall be protected with fire-proof tile, or plastered on iron or wire netting, or covered with metal. The ceilings over all other stationary boilers than those thus described shall be plastered on wire netting or covered with metal, and the doors into all boiler rooms shall be of iron or of wood covered with metal.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.