USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Southbridge > Town annual reports of the officers of Southbridge for the year ending 1905-1908 > Part 12
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$20 20
Appropriation,
70 00
$720 20
EXPENDITURES.
Teachers,
$507 25
Care of rooms,
54 00
Incidentals,
78 41
Rent,
35 00
Fuel and lights,
24 30
$698 96
Balance March 1, 1906,
$21 24
136
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
APPARATUS.
RECEIPTS.
Balance from last year,
$8 19
Appropriation,
250 00
Teachers' fund,
50 00
$308 19
EXPENDITURES.
Apparatus, chemicals and books of reference, $300 37
Balance ,March 1, 1906,
$7 82
APPROPRIATIONS FOR NEXT YEAR.
High School :- Teachers, Janitor and fuel,
$3,425 00
575 00
$4,000 00
Common Schools -
Superintendent and teachers,
$14,000 00
Janitors, Fuel,
1,800 00
1,600 00
Transportation,
100 00
-- $17,500 00
137
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
Contingent Schools :-
Books,
$500 00
Supplies,
500 00
Repairs,
1,000 00
Incidentals,
1,400 00
$3,400 00
Evening Schools,
700 00
Apparatus,
250 00
Respectfully submitted in behalf of the Committee,
HENRY B. MONTAGUE, Chairman,
Southbridge, March 1, 1906,
Superintendent's Report.
TO THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE of SOUTHBRIDGE :
Gentlemen : I have the pleasure to present to you my fourth annual report, it being also the twenty-first of the series of reports issued by the Superintendents of the public schools of this town. Throughout this re- port the year relative to attendance extends from September, 1904 to July 1905 ; the year relative to ex- penditures from March, 1905 to March 1906.
Statistics.
I. POPULATION AND VALUATION.
Population of town, U. S. Census, 11,000
Assessed valuation of town, 4,698,561
Number of polls, 2,811
Rate of taxation, $23.60
Valuation of school houses and lots,
$127,900
Valuation of other school property, $6,880
139
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
II. SCHOOL HOUSES.
School houses, occupied, 12
School rooms, occupied, 35
Unoccupied, 2
Number of sittings,
1,433
III. TEACHERS.
Number of male teachers, 2
Number of female teachers, 36
Number of special teachers, female, Total number, 40
Number of teachers in evening schools,
males, 1 ; females, 11, 12
IV. PUPILS.
Number of children in town September 1, as re- ported by the census enumerator :
1904
1905
Between the ages of 5 and 15 2142
2113
Between the ages of 7 and 14
1570
1486
Total enrolment, Sept. to June
1235
1237
Average number belonging
1002.31
950.6
Average daily attendance 947.74
904.52
Per cent. of attendance 90.48
92.34
Number under 5 years of age
9
7
Number over 15 years of age
106
120
Number between 5 and 15 . .. 1120
1110
140
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
Number between 7 and 14. 748
780
Number enrolled at Notre Dame. 865
714
Number under 5 years of age .0
29
Number between 5 and 15 865
685
Number between 7 and 14
719
663
Average number belonging 785
641
Average attendance. 738
611
Per cent. of attendance .
94
.85
Number enrolled at St. Mary's
204
176
Number under 5. 0
0
Number over 15
14
Number between 5 and 15 197
162
Number between 7 and 14 160
126
Average number belonging 186
170
Average attendance ..
173
162
Per cent. of attendance 93.01
95.3
EVENING SCHOOLS.
Number
Enrolled.
Average
Membership.
Average
Attendance.
Per Cent. of
Attendance.
Number of
Evenings.
Main Street, boys.
97
88.33
76.23) 86.30
39
River Street, boys.
52
49.14
44.48
90.53
39
Main Street, girls.
66
58.95
52.54
36.44
39
River Street, girls
55
47.44
41.46 87.34 38
141
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
COST PER PUPIL.
Current expenses, including teaching,
fuel and care of buildings $23,893 64
Cost per pupil based on total enrolment 19 34
Cost per pupil based on average enrolment. 25 03
Cost per pupil in the High school. 51 42
CHANGE OF TEACHERS.
The following is a list of the changes of teachers from Jan. 1, 1905, to March 1, 1906 :-
RESIGNED.
Month Teacher
School
April. Edith Cook,
High
June.
Mrs. H. N. Carpedter,
Singing
June. Mary Wilson,
Substitute
June. Harriet Harris,
Grade IV
July. T. H. DeCoudres,
July. Clara P. Chase,
High Grade III High
Aug. Bertha Perkins,
Nov. Rosa Burke,
Grade I
Dec. Isabel Taylor,
Grade VIII
Dec.
Glenn Starkey,
High
LEAVE OF ABSENCE.
April.
Mabel Teahan,
Grade I
142
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
TRANSFERRED.
Sept. Annie Simpson,
Dec. Mary Meagher,
Dec. Eva Conner,
Dec. Clarissa Hathaway,
Mechanics IV to Substitute
Marcy VI to Marcy VIII Marcy V to Marcy VI
Morris I to Marcy V
APPOINTED.
April.
Bertha Perkins,
High
Sept. Anstice Newton,
High
Sept. Murray Hunt, High
Sept. Glenn Starkey,
High
Sept. Rosa Burke,
Grade I
Sept. Gertrude Barrett,
Grade III
Sept.
Clarissa Hathaway,
Grade I
Sept.
Jennie Gilbert,
Grade IV
Sept. Mabel Plant,
Singing
Jan. Bertha Shepard,
High
Jan. Mary Chase,
Grade I
143
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
CORPS OF TEACHERS, MARCH 1, 1906.
NAME.
Salary.
Date of first
Election.
Grade.
Educated.
F. E. Corbin.
$900
1902
Supt.
Williams college.
F. E. Corrin
1.100
1886 Prin. H. S.
Murray Hunt
800
1905 Assistant
Laura Williams
700
1899
Bertha Shepard.
5.50
1906
Austice Newton
500
1905
Oberlin.
Nellie Thompson
500
1904
$6
Smith.
Laura E. Shepardson Alice Holmes.
600
189; IX.
Nichols Academy. Palmer H. S.
month
Mary Meagher
46
1887 VIII.
Southbridge H. S.
Louise Twombly
44 1892'VII.
Salem Normal.
Eva Conner
40
1898 VI.
Worcester Normal.
Blanche Harwood
44
1903 VI.
Southbridge H. S.
Sarah Haskell
40
1901 V.
Southbridge H. S.
Clarissa Hathaway
32
1905|V.
Rebecca Rowley.
41
1865|IV.
Martha Cutting
40
1885!IT.
Jennie Gilbert.
40
1905|IT.
Bridgewater Nor'l.
Katherine Flood
36
1904|III.
Worcester Normal.
Bertha Harwood
10
1901 III.
Southbridge H. S. Salem Normal.
Jane Farquhar.
40 1887|II-III.
Quincy Training.
Margaret Keenan
36 1903 II-III.
[Bridgewater Nor'l.
Mary Boardman.
40
1891 II.
Southbridge H. S.
Margaret Butler
40
1893|II.
Nellie Stone.
40
1898|II.
Southbridge H. S.
Susie Knight
-14
1858 I.
Southbridge H. S.
Mary Ellis.
40
1883 I.
Southbridge H. S.
Agnes Meagher
40
1886 I.
Southbridge H. S.
Mary McCabe.
40 1890 I.
Quincy Training.
Gertrude Litchfield.
40 1901|I.
Framingham Nor'l.
Mary Butler
36
1906|I.
Southbridge H. S.
Mary Chase.
40 1906 I.
Home School,
Alice Sanders
36: 1899 I-II-III.
Southbridge H. S.
Mabel Chamberlain
34 1902 Ungraded.
Southbridge H. S.
Ita Morse
32
1902
Southbridge H. S.
Gertrude Lamoureux.
32
1904 66
Southbridge H. S.
Anna Simpson
40 1900|Substitute.
Worcester Normal. Southbridge H. S.
May Simpson
12 1905 Helper.
Anna Eager
55 1896 Drawing.
Normal Art School.
Mabel Plant
40 1905 Music.
New Eng. Conser'y
1
Grammar.
570
1878 VII.
per
Nor'l & Boston U. Smith.
Newburyport Tra'g Southbridge H. S. Southbridge H. S.
Gertrude Barrett
40 1905|III.
Southbridge H. S.
144
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
STATISTICS FROM SCHOOL REGISTERS.
For School Year Ending
June 1905.
Grade.
Number of Boys Reg-
Number of Girls Reg-
istered.
Total.
Average Membership
Average Attendance.
Per Cent Of A ten- dance.
High School Marcy Street
IX
23
18
41
38 05
36 33
95 14
VILL
17
22
39
34 89
33 59
96 20
VII
35
18
53
46 €9
43 66
95 20
VIe
18
23
23
46
35 94
33 07
92 1
VIS
22
13
33
27 92
25 84
90 39
66
Vw
23
20
43
34 82
31 86
91 43
School Street
IV
17
12
29
20 18
18 46
91 41
Elm Street
IV
19
21
40
32 39
31 63
92 73
Mechanic Street
IV
12
21
33
28 03
25 00
89 19
School Street
ILI
15
15
30
23 36
22 16
94 77
Mechanic Street
III
29
27
56
41 57
38 11
91 92
Main Street
III
17
15
32
26 39
24 29
92
Carpenter
II
20
11
31
29 24
27 4
90 78
School Street
1I
18
11
29
21 €9
19 55
89 77
Mechanic street
15
10
25
25 27
23 63
93 43
River Street
JI
25
15
40
30 38
29 14
95 79
Main Street
I
25
1 :
42
27 23
25 09
91 63
River Street
I
27
33
60
41 08
39 38
95 57
Elm Street
I
23
25
48
29 18
25 13
89 07
Carpenter
I
16
31
47
32 75
29 58
85 69
Mechanic Street
I
24
33
57
33 11
27 92
84 12
School Street
I
16
38
25 80
23 95
90 12
Morse District
Ungr.
3
5
8
7 84
7 05
89 9
Sandersdale -
I-11-1II
18
16
34
28 97
27 53
94 57
Dennison
21
7
28
18 76
16 53
87 75
Lebanon Hill -
6
5
11
9 68
9 38
85 8
III
20
13
33
26 80
25 76
91 63
IL
27
14
41
32 09
29 80
93 68
Ve
19
19
38
30 88
28 92
93 36
51
59
110
101 56
94 77
93 32
644
593
1237
950 6
904 52
92 34
40
30 66
29 01
94 78
VIw
istered,
145
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
READING.
Three years ago the Ward system of reading was introduced and it has received the unqualified indors- ment of each primary teacher. We now have the sys- tem in good working order in each of the three lower grades, which is as far as it is necessary to carry it. The teacher in the fourth grade must be familiar with the work and capable of teaching new words by that method.
The pupils, however, come to the grade with suffi- cient knowledge to study out and pronounce all ordi- nary words.
The system requires mental application on the part of the pupil and when the work has become diffi- cult we have had the system used in the morning and some easier reading in the afternoon.
NUMBER WORK.
Last year we started the Walter method, so called, of teaching numbers. This however was not attempted till the Winter term and the children had become somewhat accustomed to the old method so that it was difficult for them to grasp the new. Last September we started the work afresh and have met with good suc- cess.
This method was first used by Miss Sarah Walter,
146
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
teacher of methods in the Willimantic Normal school. We are now using the method as outlined in the manual prepared by the teachers of the Boston Normal school were it has been employed for the past three years.
"The system is one likely to give the children a clear and usable knowledge of numbers, greater ability for individual thinking and independent action, an increas- ed power of expression, and a decided gain in interest in the subject, all of which should make the later work in Arithmetic advance more rapidly and be less mechanical."
The principal element of the system is that the child learns by doing. He is given first a box of sticks containing various measures from one inch to one foot. His work with this material is principally com- paring of lengths; one stick is twice the length of another, or one-half as long as another. Many combi- nations are possible : for example,
Group measures according to length.
Select measures to match others shown by teacher.
Find measures longer, shorter, very much longer. etc.
Choose any measure and compare with the one shown by the teacher.
The child is next given several one inch squares. With these rectangles are constructed ; for example, one three inches by four inches. The child then says, "I have a rectangle four inches long and three inches
147
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
wide ; it contains twelve square inches ; its peremeter is fourteen inches."
With the rectangle before him, that he has con- structed, the pupil learns to count by twos, threes, etc .. and learns the fractional parts, as one-half, one-third, This work is interesting to the pupil and the mind of each is kept active, When the teacher asks for a rec- tangle, for example, to contain twenty-four square inches, different patterns are at once constructed upon the desks, as some will have one, four by six ; another, three by eight, or two by twelve.
The pupil becomes the more alert not only because he has made a correct form but also by observing the different forms of the others. The work for the third grade will be in solids to be commenced next Sep- tember. .
MUSIC.
This year for the first time in the history of the town we have employed a teacher who devotes all her time to music.
Mrs. H. N. Carpenter, who for many years has de- voted half-time or less to this work was unwilling to continue at the pay offered. Mrs. Carpenter has been a very faithful worker and was always lavish of both her time and strength in all her duties pertaining to the school work.
148
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
Miss Mabel Plant, a graduate of the New England Conservatory, was engaged to fill the vacancy. Owing to so much time being given to the work it was neces- sary for the course in music to be practically started afresil.
The Normal music system was adopted and Miss Plant now has the course in good working order.
EXAMINATIONS.
At the mid-winter tests this year we gave out the same tests in spelling and arithmetic that were recent- ly given in Springfield.
In cleaning out the old High School building in Springfield a volume was found containing the exam- ination questions, with the answers of the pupils, of the year 1846. These tests were given to our pupils.
It is a common remark that the old time schools were better than those of today. That the children were better spellers and cipherers and that the Three R's were never more poorly taught than at present. We believe, however, that too much time put upon any one branch illustrates forcibly the law of diminishing returns, that is, that beyond a certain limit no adequate results are obtained in proportion to the expenditure of time and energy.
It is for this reason that the State Board recom- mends that not more than one-fourth of the pupils
149
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
time be given to number work, which, with us includes. algebra, in the ninth grade, and not more than one- fifth in the eighth grade. Our pupils, in comparison with those of 1846, have as "extras" drawing, music and nature study.
I gave the tests to our eighth and ninth grades ; in. Springfield they were given only to the ninth
The results in spelling do not seem to have brought. us any especial honor, while it is a matter of con- gratulation that we did so well in arithmetic. The. results are summarized as follows :
Number of pupils,
I846 85
1905 215
1X gr. VIII gr.
32
35
Spelling, per cent. correct,
40.6
51.2. 46 33
22.6
Arithmetic, per cent. correct,
29.4
65.5 92.98 89.3
The point is that we are doing more work and ac- complishing better results than they did sixty years. ago. The spelling of our grandfathers and grand -. mothers was no less fearfully and wonderfully made, on the average, than that of their descendants. Lack of thinking when doing arithmetical problems is also no new number in the catalog of a scholar's short- comings.
Attention is called to the reports of the special teachers,
Respectfully submitted,
F. E. CORBIN.
SPECIAL REPORTS.
REPORT OF DRAWING TEACHER.
MR. F. E. CORBIN, SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS.
Sir :-
I have the honor to present the report of the work in drawing for the past year.
The work has been of especial interest as we are taking part in the monthly art contest established by Henry T. Bailey, formerly state supervisor of drawing and now editor of the School Arts Book.
This little magazine goes all over the United States. It is an illustrated magazine devoted to the service of those who teach drawing and the allied arts in schools and offers prizes for the best drawings by primary and grammar school pupils as specified by the outline for each grade. We began in September and every month our pupils have won honorable men- tion and prizes. The highest honor received here was won by Albert Nolc of the eighth grade.
Owing to this new incentive the children are mak- ing special effort to do good work, and not only is the drawing benefited thereby, but the other studies are
151
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
also improved in some rooms, as the teachers say that the habit of trying for a higher standard of work has its influence.
The course of study begins in the autumn with the drawing and painting from natural leaves, twigs and fruit sprays. Later we have working drawings of va- rious kinds and the months of January, February and March we devote to the representation of common objects, books, games, etc., being among the objects represented.
The pupils are always interested in figure draw- ing and willingly pose for the class. The spring months are usually spent in studying birds and the spring growths and in making designs from these.
The class in mechanical drawing in the High school is making good progress, and the free hand classes have shown much improvement since they started in the autumn. I wish to thank the superin- tendent and teachers for their helpfulness as much of the success of the work is due to their hearty co-ope- ration.
Respectfully submitted, ANNA F. EAGER.
REPORT OF MUSIC TEACHER.
MR. F. E. CORBIN, SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS :
Sir : -
The aim of the work in music thus far this year has been the grading of classes Voices have been
152
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
tested in the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth grades, and assigned to the part to which the quality of voice pointed.
The schedule cards designated for the grades could not be used until each step of the preceding years had been explained and thoroughly understood.
In some grades the progress has been rapid, due to the regular teacher understanding music. In other grades the teachers have had to be taught before they could present the lesson to the class.
The pupils enjoy the music lesson period and with but a few exceptions are willing to try their voices in song; and if rightly taught, they will have a love and taste for good music and their lives will be en- riched thereby.
In the primary grades the songs are made inter- esting by a chart on which there are pictures illustrat- ing the words of the songs, thus enabling the little peo- ple to understand more fully the words they sing.
Much of the beginning of the technique of music is taught in the second year. Exercises from the chart are used, with pendulum attached which beats the time. The songs are put on the board and in some cases the children have developed a sense of rhythm so that they can beat the time with the pointer and by so doing lead the class.
The work of the third year differs but slightly from that of the second. No new principles of music reading are introduced. At the last of the third year two part music is introduced, not as regards quality of
153
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
voice, but to rid the class of the leaders and to give new interest to the study of music.
Intervals are put on the board for both the second and third years that are found in the songs scheduled for those years. The plan is to have them learn these intervals so thoroughly, that some individual scholar can sing any interval or succession of intervals and have the class tell what he sings. Even now some of them can tell the skips as the teacher sings or plays then.
The work of the fourth year is very interesting as two part music is begun in reference to the quality and compass of the voices. The two part work is cou- tinued through the fifth year and in the work of both the fourth and fifth years new technicalities are ex- plained.
Three part music is begun in the sixth year. The exercises and songs used, give opportunity to impress upon the class good music, and if directions are followed the results must be music and not noise. The three part music is continued in the seventh year with a great deal of advanced technique. The work this year in the sixth and seventh grades has been slow as some of the voices, alto and second soprano, had never tried to carry their own part.
The first of the year the eighth and ninth grades were taken together, but the individual work seemed more necessary so the classes have been separate since the Holiday vacation. They have made progress in the two latter grades which is very marked.
154
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
All grades had special songs for Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's.
In nearly all grades some songs have been pre- pared for February 12th, and February 22nd has also been observed with songs suitable for the day.
I wish to thank the teachers for their hearty co- operation ; also the Superintendent.
Respectfully submitted,
MABEL B. PLANT.
EVENING SCHOOLS REPORT.
MR. F. E. CORBIN, SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS,
Dear Sir :-
It is with pleasure that I again submit to your approval my annual report of our labors in the public evening schools for 1905. The schools opened at the center and at Globe Village on Tuesday evening, Sept. 12, in the same rooms that have been used for that purpose for a number of years.
As a general custom the pupils living east of Pine street attend the Main street school at the center, and those living west of that section attend the River street school at Globe Village. This is not an arbitra- ry ruling, however, but fits the majority of cases.
The schools were not so crowded as last year, but the enrolment and average attendance were fully up to the general standard of the past ten years. The percentage of attendance was unusually good, being, for the boys, 90.53 at the Globe and 86.30 at the center.
The schools were in session 39 evenings at each place for the boys and the same number of evenings for the girls.
156
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
At the commencement of the term the Superin- tendent had a police officer visit the various work- shops and factories, and see that all minors who were unable to read and write legibly in English were noti- fied to attend evening school. Afterwards, during the term, when occasionally some of the pupils, usually through carelessness, became delinquent in their at- tendance, they were again honored by a visit from the officer with the usual result of bringing them strictly into line.
The various nationalities represented were French, Greeks, Italians, Polanders and Swedes, and in the higher classes a very few Americans and Irish.
There were considerably more Polanders, Italians and Greeks-or Albanese-than ever before. As far as possible the different nationalities were placed in classes by themselves, but, of course, this could not be done in all cases.
Nevertheless the different elements merged very well, and there appeared to be no serious disagree- ments. Many of these foreigners were quite recent arrivals upon our shores, and consequently had no knowledge whatever of the English language. It was therefore necessarily hard to get them intelligently started in their studies.
By patient and painstaking effort, however, and by using the more intelligent and advanced ones as interpreters, they evidently got a clear conception of what was required of them and worked accordingly. After they once got well started their progress was
157
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
often qnite encouraging both to themselves and to their patient instructors.
The course of study, in addition to the regular three R's, embraced letter-writing, both of a social and a business nature ; the making out of bills of sale, invoices, receipts, invitations, etc., spelling, sentence- building, geography and American history.
Many excellent specimens of letter-writing and in- voices were produced by pupils in the higher classes. They were allowed to take these home with them when they wished to do so, and others were kept by the principal to exhibit as encouraging specimens of the progress that was being made.
Discipline was at all times insisted upon and main- tained ; but the confidence and respect of the pupils were patiently worked for, and the general deportment was all that could reasonably be expected throughout the term.
Very respectfully submitted,
E. I. KNOWLES, Principal.
158
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
APPENDIX.
SCHOOL LAWS IN BRIEF.
1. All children between 7 and 14, unless sick, feeble-minded, at an approved private school, or other- wise instructed in branches required by law, to the satisfaction of the School Committee, must attend the public school during the entire time of each school year. Penalty to parent or guardian for failure in at- tendance for five days' sessions within any period of six months, $20 .- Revised Laws, Chap. 44, Sect. 1.
2. No child under 14 shall be employed "in any factory, workshop, or mercantile establishment." "No such child shall be employed in any work performed for wages or other compensation" during the hours when the public school is in session, nor before six o'clock in the morning, nor after seven in the evening Chap. 106, Sec: 28.
3. No child under 16 shall be employed in any factory, workshop or mercantile establishment with- out a certificate from the Superintendent of Schools. He must present an employmet ticket from the per- son who wishes to employ him, on applying for a cer- tificate. The father, if living, and a resident, must sign the certificate of age ; if not, the mother ; if nei- ther, the guardian .- Chap. 106 Sects. 29, 30, 31, 32.
4. Children between seven and sixteen must eith- er attend school or be regularly employed .- Chap. 46, Sect. 4.
159
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
5. Whenever a child is absent from school for the whole or a part of a session a written excuse stating cause of absence, and signed by a parent or guardian, must be presented by the pupil on his return to school. - Chap. 44, Sect. 1.
6. "A pupil who is not present during at least half of the session shall be marked and counted as ab- sent for that session."-Chap. 43, Sect. 10.
7. While a public evening school is maintained in a city or town in which any minor who is over four- teen years of age and who does not have a school cer- tificate resides, no person shall employ him unless he is a regular attendant at such evening school or a day school. Any minor not holding a certificate shall furn- ish to his employer a record of his attendance each week while the evening school is in session. Unex- cused absences from the evening school shall be deemed irregular attendance. Fine to parent or guar- dian, $20, and to employer, $100-Revised Law, Chap. 183, Sect. 35.
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