USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Worcester > Town annual reports of the several departments for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1862-1866 > Part 40
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tence, and be taught, but the more impressively, through faith, and hope, and prayer, that the soul of man, only, is immortal.
For and in behalf of the Commissioners,
LEVI LINCOLN, Chairman.
City of Worcester, January 22, 1866.
:
60
RECEIPTS & EXPENDITURES FOR HOPE CEME- TERY IN 1865.
Cash in City Treasury, -
$2086.71
received for wood and hay sold, - 141.69
66 66 49 Lots, - - 831.00 972.69
3059.40
EXPENDITURES.
Paid for Labor,
- 330.99
Stakes and turf,
30.28
Surveying lots,
35.00
" Stamps for deeds,
23.50
Total Expenditure,
419.77
Cash in hands of A. Curtis,
55.09
" City Treasury,
2584.54
- $3059.40
ALBERT TOLMAN, Secretary of the Board. Worcester, Jan. 1, 1866.
NOTE. The details of the account are on the City files.
WATER COMMISSIONER'S
REPORT ..
To the City Council.
GENTLEMEN : The Water Commissioner has the pleasure to submit the following annual report, to wit :
The works are in good repair and are effectually sup- plying all the takers. The works have been very much extended the past year, and much improved. The entire amount of labor, excepting finishing the Dam at the storing reservoir, has been applied during the year in extending and improving the works in the city. A large part of the extensions have been made with a view to a better protection of property against fire, and to com- plete important necessary connections, in order to supply many points with increased effective head over the ser- vice of the old pipes; also to complete the circulation of water in pipes so as to remedy the defect of distribu- tion occasioned by dead ends in many of the old pipes.
This is especially true of the pipes laid in Union, Front, Myrtle, Orange, Plymouth, Austin, Oxford, Chat- ham, Crown, West, Arch, Glen, George and Sudbury streets. The defects arising from these dead ends have now been so far remedied, as to leave only 12 pipes thus situated out of 41 streets upon which pipes have been laid, and upon many of these 12 streets there will never be any inconvenience experienced, as long as there con-
9
62
tinues such an amount of water used directly from their ends as at present. The remainder of the streets have been laid with a view to supply the wants of citizens in reply to their petitions for laying the same.
The 16 inch Main Pipe has been extended 1240 feet in Main street, from Myrtle street to Harrington corner, which has not yet been used, into which it is proposed to turn the water early in the spring. This 16 inch main, is connected with the 12 inch Front street main, which unites with the ten inch pipe of Church and Union street; when this connection shall have been completed, it is believed that the central and easterly portions of the city will be more abundant and efficiently supplied for protective purposes than ever before.
A careful remeasurement has been made of all line of pipes laid in the Aqueduct previous to 1864, and a table has been appended, showing the amount and size of pipe in each street, and also the number of feet of pipe at- tached to the aqueduct by individuals at private expense. From this table the following summary is presented.
Pipe laid previous to 1864, 27,831 feet
Amount laid in 1864,
31,74] 66
1865, 26,723
Amount between Bell pond and Putnam meadow, - 1,818
6 inch drain pipe on Putnam farm, 350
Amount laid by individuals mostly 4 inch iron pipe, - -
- 6,004 66
4 inch pipe for 192 hydrants estimated, 1,660
Service pipe laid during 1865, - 5,968
Amount laid previously estimated at, 3,800
Total amount of pipe of all sizes laid, equalling 20 miles and 295 feet,
105,895
63
This does not include any service pipe laid outside of the public streets by individuals.
Upon the pipes there are the following gates :
8 2 inch gates and steam valves,
4 3
steam valves for drains in pipe,
55 4
66 gates,
29 6
6 8 66 66
4 10
66 66
3 12 66 66
4 16
66 66
1 20 66 66
5
5
66
5 one inch and one ¿ inch drain and blow-off valves.
124 Total.
70 of these gates have been added during the year.
There are 139 post hydrants, and 53 flush hydrants, and 25 private hydrants, making a total of 217 hydrants, an increase of 65 during the year.
The number of service taps now applied, is 336, 207 of which have been applied during the year.
The whole number of water takers now is 487, an in- crease of 312 for the year.
The following is a summary of Estates supplied and the fixtures attached :
Dwellings, - -
123
Families,
-
356
No. of individuals using,
5025
Taps, -
1685
Sinks,
895
Baths,
-
- -
96
Water Closets,
-
- -
200
-
64
Urinals,
88
Basins,
305
Cisterns,
-
92
Boilers,
-
38
Sets Wash Tubs,
-
52
Horse power steam,
559
Hose bibs,
10
Stables,
62
Hotels, -
5
Stores and Saloons,
114
Offices, -
51
Shops,
94
Halls,
3
Foundries,
4
Engine and Hose Houses,
7
There are on the line of pipe laid, about 760 more buildings and houses, than are at present using the water.
959 Families,
56 Stables,
197 Stores and Saloons.
Thus it will be seen by a comparison of the foregoing statements, that the number of places is only about one fourth of the entire nnmber which may be supplied. without laying an additional amount of main pipe.
The income during the year has been as follows :
May assessment, 4871 39
192 hydrants, a $25, -
- 4800 00
Water sold filling cisterns,
159 00
575 00
Water for watering streets, - Assessment of takers commencing during the year, -
1500 00
Total income for the year, - - 11,905 39
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
65
Received for service pipe laid, and fixtures for individuals and corporations, - 4,526 53
Received of Edward Earle et. al. for laying
pipe in Edward street, - - 325 00
The income for the ensuing year is estimated at 17,- 000 dollars,, including all unpaid balances of 1865.
The estimated income will be varied by some necessary abatements, and by the addition of new water takers during the year, and the ever variable amount of meas- ured water sold.
The expenditures for all purposes have been as follows : Land for distributing Reservoir, - $500 00 Paid for Water Rights and expenses connected therewith, - - 1700 00
Salary of engineer, foreman, -
800 00
787 00
Freights and trucking, -
1826 52
Goose necks for hydrants,
87 00
Hardware, -
287 19
Hydrants and fixtures,
3851 02
Repairing tools, house in Leicester, -
75 00
Charcoal and packing, - -
73 26
Gates and fixtures, -
4499 45
Patterns,
372 04
Plumbing, paid Geo. T. Sutton, -
492 63
Paving, - -
703 29
Patent Water and Gas Pipe Co.
20,729 25
Meters, - -
178 91
Bell Pond, 37 75
Castings for branches, &c., 2218 40 -
498 83
Books, Office printing, and advertising,
Care of reservoir and gates at Leicester, and John A. Hunt's, -
226 94
- Powder and fuse, -
252 59
-
354 52
- -
- - -
66
Rent of shop,
-
140 00
Old lead, 319 33
Repairs upon the works. 261 64 Tools, and supplies for repairs, for shop and works, 545 95 Service pipe and fixtures, - 6447 77
Paid on contract of 1864 and finishing dam, 19,992 13 13,053 09
Pay roll of men,
Town of Leicester taxes,
44 93
One wagon, - -
145 50
Paid for use of horse,
391 00
Contingencies, -
35 05
5 hydrants for furnishing water for watering streets, - - -
540 00
Amount, - -
$82,467 98 -
The amount of pipe taken up this season and relaid has been as follows :
On Main street from Southbridge to Myrtle street of 6 inch pipe, 334 ft.
" Chandler hill of 4 inch pipe, -
1040 ft.
" Union street old pump pipe 4 inch, -
255 ft.
" Church street, - - 397 ft.
Amount 4 inch,
1692 ft.
Add amount of 6 inch, - -
354 ft.
Total amount of pipe taken up, -
2026 ft.
926 feet of the 4 inch pipe taken up has been laid in Arch and Liberty street, 180 feet in Glen street, and 196 in Edward street, making 1302 feet. The remaining 390 feet of 4 inch pipe has been mostly used in hydrant branches during the season, and the remainder being now on hand and returned in the annual inventory.
295 feet of the 6 inch pipe taken up, was laid in Glen street, and the remainder in Edward street.
67
Upon Main street beside the 16 inch pipe laid from Southbridge street to Harrington corner, there are 900 feet of 6 inch pipe that may be taken up at some future day after the 16 inch shall be used, if it should be deemed advisable so to do.
The water at the storing reservoir on Lynde Brook, has held out beyond the expectations of the most san- guine during this season of great drouth. The lowest water being reached Oct. 27, 1865, when the water had fallen 3 feet 6 inches below high water mark, leaving 19 feet of water on hand for future use. From observations made of the fall of the water in the storing reservoir during the last month of the drouth previous to Oct. 27, it was found to fall at the rate of one half inch per day.
There was on hand at the time the water commenced rising, using at the same rate as through the summer, a sufficient quantity to have supplied the city for at least one year. The method by which the city has been sup- plied during the past year, has not been so economical in the use of water as it will be after the distributing reser- voir has been built, as now a large amount of waste is unavoidable, in order to ensure at all times an ade- quate supply. The amount of water now used is only conjectural, no experiments having been made to determine that amount. Bell Pond has been very nearly emptied during the season, retaining only a sufficient amount there to meet any unexpected contingency that might arise to interrupt the supply from the Western line.
A contract has been made with Mr. E. B. Walker, for the construction of a distributing reservoir, on land pur- chased of Mr. John A. Hunt, which will be completed as
68
early the coming season as circumstances will allow. The speedy completion of this reservoir is desirable, and when accomplished will greatly add to the efficiency of the works, and the safety of their operations. The height at which this will be constructed, will be nearly the height of Bell Pond, so that ultimately Bell Pond may be drawn from direct, as a distributing reservoir, abandoning en- tirely the present reservoir, which will be found very much too small to be of any real service in supplying the city. The four inch pipe in the line between Bell Pond and the Chandler hill resevoir, has been taken up and replaced by a 16 inch pipe, the remaining portion of the pipe being 8 inch. The main pipe from the reservoir to Prospect street, is only 8 inch. This pipe is so small that it cannot supply the city for any length of time in case of any temporary interruption of the supply from the west. This defect will have to be remedied ultimately, if not the present season, by continuing the 16 inch pipe from the Pond, at least to the foot of Elliot street, and thence by a sufficient main to Union street. Amount of pipe required to remedy this defect will be 3915 feet, and the subject a matter of consideration by the present City Council.
The desirableness of improving Bell Pond by clearing up its borders, and removing the grass growing upon its surface, is submitted for consideration.
During the warm weather, the presence of the vege- table matter in the water, taken up from the fresh soil and woody matter left in the reservoir basin, caused much complaint among many water takers. It is hoped that during the coming summer, the evil will not be so severely felt as during the last. One matter in connec-
69
tion with this subject deserves attention. Large masses of leaves are every autumn, washed down the brook into it, and blown in from the surrounding woods. Your at- tention is called to some means of preventing the evils which arise therefrom, to the serious injury of both the quality and color of the water.
The pipes that have been laid continue to do efficient service. Upon the main line above Jackson St., there have appeared no new leaks during the year, except one at a hydrant branch. Since the water has been turned on between Myrtle and Jackson streets, there have been some troublesome leaks, and one now running. These have all occurred since the line itself was made tight at the soldered branches, put on by the Pipe Co. for hyd- rants and street branches. So many of these soldered branches have started since the pipe was laid, that all the branches put upon the pipe this present year, have been made with cast iron, being lined with cement before be- ing laid. All repairs thus far, except one leak, which occurred not from any fault of the company, have been done at the expense of the company putting in the pipe. The Guarantee upon the first contract not expiring December, and upon the line between Myrtle and Jack- son street, not for some 18 months.
Some of our citizens still entertain many fears of the failure of this cement and wrought iron pipe, which has been laid here during the last two years. To such we has to say that up to the present time, there have been no failure of any single pipe laid, by bursting or strain- ing of the iron, by the heavy pressure to which it is constantly subjected. All the leaks which have occured have appeared at the joints or seams, and are such as are
10
70
incident to the construction of this kind of pipe, having no apparent connection with any radical defect in the pipe itself. Whatever real failures there may be in the pipe, those are to come in the future. There has not as yet been any failure of any line of pipe heretofore, laid by the company, of which up to the present time, they have laid many miles. For all sizes of pipes up to 12 inches in diameter, when resting upon a solid com- pact soil there is as much certainty of success with this pipe as with cast iron; and for purposes of an aqueduct it seems in all such locations, to possess some characteristics which render it far superior to cast iron. So far as the experience and information of the Commissioner extends there seems to be some difficul- ties of construction for pipe above 12 inches in diameter when laid for heads over 100 feet, which renders the construction of the joints more uncertain when first made, than upon smaller size. These difficulties are not regarded as insuperable, and it is confidently believed that further experience by the company, will remedy any difficulties which they have hitherto experienced in laying the larger sizes of pipe.
The city of Hartford are introducing water into their city by gravitation from Trout Brook, and have con- tracted for four miles of 20 inch pipe of the same kind as that used here, and of the same parties. The contract has been commenced, and will be completed the coming year.
The subject of hydrants claims attention, since the Fire Department in their annual report, state that "The hydrants now being put in use, are not such as meet with favor from the firemen, their being below the sur-
71
face renders them less accessable, and more difficult to operate, and surely they are not so easily found in the night time. In the winter season it must require con- siderable care and expense to make them available at all times."
To answer these objections, the following brief state- ments are made and considerations presented.
The hydrants now upon the Aqueduct are of two kinds, those known as the post hydrant, of which there are 139 standing with their nozzles above the side-walk, and being of such size as to be readily found either by day or night, and easily to be coupled on; and the other, the flush hydrant, of which there are 53 located with their nozzles beneath the side walk, and in order to use them the most conveniently, a goose neck has to be applied to the nozzles of the hydrant to which to attach the hose, which can be turned in any direction so as to lay the leading hose in a direct line, which fact remedies one defect of the post hydrant. The objections made by the Engineers are fairly stated, and if post hydrants, in our climate, were as easily and surely kept in working condition at all seasons of the year as is the flush, then the flush hydrant would not be used only in such loca- tions where the business of the city would not admit of their standing above ground, or if our climate was like the sunny south with no frosts to interfere with them.
The advantages possessed by the flush hydrant over the post are these: being underground it is not liable to the many injuries from accident, as is the post, which in the aggregate is very heavy ; being entirely disconnected from the box, it is free from all disturbance or injuries by the frost, in heaving the box ; and lastly being clear
72
of the box and covered over, with its cover on a level with the side walk, it is protected from freezing to a de- gree far beyond any means that can be applied to the post hydrant.
The objections to the post hydrant are, first, its expo- sure to be injured or destroyed by accident and by frost ; second, being in a series of years more expensive to be kept in order. This is the testimony of all whom the Commissioner has consulted upon water works, where they have both kinds in use, and such is my conviction from the three years' experience with the hydrants now in use. But the main objection is the ease and certainty with which they freeze up in the winter time, and this objection applies with very nearly equal force to them in all locations. The metal nozzles being exposed di- rectly to the cold atmosphere, the iron being a rapid conductor of heat, the frost follows directly down the stock and freezes the valve tight in its seat, and soon passes below the valve and freezes the branch solid. When in this condition it is not possible to start the valve until it has been thawed out with hot water. In long cold weather, this trouble becomes so very serious that it is scarcely possible to keep the entire number in constant working order.
From time to time there have been several'expedients adopted and tried to remedy the evil. On careful inquiry of those who have attempted to remedy these defects, the Commissioner has been assured that all of the expe- dients adopted heretofore, have failed to afford the pro- tection desired.
These are the considerations which have led to the adoption of the flush hydrant. It has been recommended
73
by the Commissioner, and that too, not without consulta- tion with the Chief Engineer of the Fire Department ; not from any desire to introduce a novelty, or pattern after such places as Boston and Charlestown where they have no other kind except the flush attached to their works to any extent, but solely to subserve the public good, and to remedy an evil which every thoughtful mind must acknowledge to be one of great importance to the property of the citizens, and too hazardous to be allowed longer continuance if any reasonable change can remedy the evil.
The Real Estate owned by the Department is as follows :
Bell Pond and rights purchased in 1845, about 11 acres. The rights at the Putnam meadow purchased in 1862, $556 12 724 acres Waite, Lyndes and Bottomly, 1664, 9040 00 14 acres of John A. Hunt, 1865, 500 00
Dam and Fixtures at Bell Pond, 2800 00
Dam, fixtures and pipe at Putnam Meadow, 1690 18 Dam and Fixtures on Lynde Brook with
rights and damages,
10,000 00
Feet service pipe,
-
- 9,768
66
-
-
2,822
« 2 inch
328
" 4 66
6 66 66
22,988
66
8 66 66
66
68
66
3,455
“ 12
66
66
8,032 ≥
" 16 66
66
-
15,564
-
25,075
66 66
66
-
9,175
« 10
5 as per schedule B
66 66
74
Feet 18 inch pipe, as per schedule B.
1,980
66 20
1,056
Gates,
-
124
Hydrants,
- 192
Total value, $200,000.
An inventory of the personal property has been re- turned in the annexed schedule " A" and also a table of the measurement of the amount of pipe laid in each street in the city marked "B"
The storing reservoir contains 47 acres and will hold above 230,000,000 of gallons.
It is recommended that ten & meters be purchased during the season.
And also that 4 hydrants be set upon Main street between Jackson street and Beaver street, and two upon Providence street, as upon Providence street when the pipe was laid there was no hydrant set between Grafton street and the Dale General Hospital.
All of which is most respectfully submitted.
PHINEHAS BALL,
Water Commissioner.
Worcester, Jan. 31, 1866.
APPENDIX .
-
SCHEDULE "A."
Inventory of stock and tools on hand Jan. 1, 1866.
Lamp, glue kettle and brush, 1 varnish dish and 2 brushes, shellac and bottle, 3 work benches, 1 soldering ench, 1 stamping Iron, 1 stove and funnel, 1 coal hod, 1 testing tank, 1 sink, 2 saw horses, 2 carpenter's saw horses, 1 draw- ing board, 25 cedar pails, 1 brush and 1 broom, 1 pair of bellows, 1 chain pump, 200 feet of pine lumber, 2000 feet of chestnut plank, 50 cedar fencing poles, 6 barrels of coal, 6 trench boards, 1 small kettle, 1 pair of rubber boots, 1 kerosene, can, 2 lamp fillers, 1 grind stone, 1 stove and pipe for heating soldering iron, 2 Soldering irons, 1 iron vise, 1 Wood bench vise, 1 small rope, 200 feet small cord, 1 powder can, 1 small chain, 2 screw drivers, 6 files, 6 three cornered files, 2 fur- naces, 1 boiler, 3 tool boxes, 3 ladles, 1 old meter, 2 measur- ing tapes, 3 pipe drilling machines, 13 drills, 24 cold chisels and drills and lead sets, 1 churn drill, 5 jumper drills, 1 axe No. 2, 1-2 yard canvas rubber packing, 5 1-2 lbs. rope packing, 3 axes, 22 wood tampers, 21 lanterns, 4 spoons for clearing drill holes, 1 1-2 inch auger, 16 sheets of sand paper, 1-2 pint of whale oil, 2 oilers, 2 handle baskets, 1 spirit level, 1 pair 2 inch buts, 1 strap hinge and padlock fastener, 1 gross two inch screws, 14 four inch screws, 1 gross assorted screws, 2 papers of tacks, 2 catches, 1 padlock, 5 pick handles, 3 sledge handles, 1 pair of clamps, 1 pair of 10 in. wood screws, 1 lot of rubber and hemp packing, 1 scraper, 7 papers of assorted brads, 76 lbs. 4 in. nails, 17 lbs. 6 in. nails, 40 lbs 5 in. nails, 10 lbs. as- sorted nails, 548 lbs. lead pipe, 260 lbs. old lead, 185 lbs. clamp bolts, 94 lbs. clamps, 16 lbs. 2 1-2 in. bolts, 55 lbs. 5 1-2 in. bolts, 25 lbs. 3 in. bolts, 18 lbs. assorted bolts, 30 lbs. yokes, 4 rods, tools for making hydrants, 3 hydrant caps, 96 lbs. hyd- rant bands, 4 old hydrant valves, 12 1-2 in. hydrant turn, 29 lbs. brass castings for hydrant nozzles and cap, 4 hydrant valves (old,) 1 flush hydrant box, 5 flush hydrant frames and three
76
covers, 10 flush hydrant turns, 1 flush hydrant with fixtures, 47 shovels, 31 picks, 4 iron bars, 3 stone hammers, 2 striking hammers, 1 15 in. wrench, 1 12 in. wrench, 1 9 in. wrench, 1. tap wrench, 3 hydrant wrenches, 4 hydrant and stuffing box wrenches, 1 brace and wrench, 7 gate wrenches, 4 stop cock wrenches, 4 tap reamers, 1 1 1-4 in. tap, 1 1 in. tap, 2 3-4 in., 2, 1 in., 3 2 in., 14 in. tap holders, 3 spanners, 2 3-4 in. cones, 2 cast iron heaters, 1 pair small falls, 13 lbs. sheet iron. 56 lbs washers, 1 lot of gas fittings, 29 lbs. castings for nozzles and caps, 4 stop boxes, 4 pipe cleaning irons, 1 1-2 barrels Portland cement, 2 barrels cement roofing, 1 2 in. 1-4 steam turn, 1-4 turn 2 inch, 1 6 in. back clamps, 12 wastecocks, solder nipples and 1 ft. 3 lbs. lead pipe attached, 3 wastecocks, solder nipples, and 1 ft. 2 1b. lead pipe attached, 34 wastecock stops, 58 set 1-2 in. stops, 5 set 3-4 in. stops, 5 set 1 in. stop, 1 set 3-4 in. waste, 1 set old kind 1-2 in. waste, 4 sizes of patterns for stop cocks, 1 old gate, 4 in. 1 3 in. 1-4 turn, 2 gate boxes, 3 heavy gate covers, 4 gate box frames, 2 adjustable pipe tongs, 8 5-8 in. meter couplings, 8 1-2 in. couplings with 15 in. of 2 lb. lead pipe attached, 13 solder nipples 2 3-4 in. solder nipples con- nections, 1 1 in. solder nipples connections, 2 2 in. Ludlow valves, 2 1-2 in. valves, 7 back bands, 2 6 in. front bands, large size, 5 8 in. front bands, 16 8 in. back bands, 4 set 10 in. front bands, 2 set 12 in. front bands, 13 set 16 inch bands, 22 set 16 inch back bands, 8 set 12 in. back bands, 14 set 6 in. back bands, 20 set 4 in. back lands, 9 set 6 in. front bands, 18 sets 4 in. front bands, 21 set 16 in. back bands, 38 straps, 4 sets branch patterns, 2 4. 4. 4. Wheeler pattern branch hub, 1 5. 5. 4. do., do., do., do., 8 4. 4. 4. spigot branches, 2 6. 6. 4. do., do., 2 6. 6.6. do., do., 3 8. 8. 4. do., do., 2 8. 8.6. do., do., 1 10. 10. 4. do., do., 2 4. 4. 4. hub branches, 1 8. 8. 8 do., do., 1 10. 10. 4. do., do., 7 16. 16. 8. do., do., 13 16. 16. 4. do., do., 1 8 in. spigot gate, 8 6 in. do., do., 5 4 in. do., do., 1 6 in. hub do., 10 6 in. bonnets, 10 4 in. do., 2 5 to 6 in. tapers, 4 4 to 5 in. do., 3 6 to 8 in. do., 1 2 to 4 in. do., 9 6 in. sleeves, 2 4 in. angles, 29 1-2 feet of 1-2 inch iron pipe, 26 pieces of 2 in. do., do., 7 pieces of 4 in. do., do., 72 feet of 4 in. do., do., 9 feet of 5 in. do., 10 pieces of 6 in. do., do., 17 feet of 6 in. do., do., 5 3-12 feet of 8 in. do., do., 18 feet of 10 in. do., do., 24 whole pieces and 47 feet of 4 in. cement pipe, 36 whole pieces and 13 feet of 6 in. do., do., 22 whole pieces and 6 feet of 8 in. do., do., 6 whole pieces and 10 in. do., do., 6 whole pieces and 4 7-12 feet of 12 in. do., do., 7 whole pieces and 17 3-12 feet of 16 in.
77
do., do., 8 4 inch plugs, 2 8 in. do., 8 6 in. do., 1 10 in. do., 1 pump and frame once used at Merrifield's, for pumping from Gates' spring.
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