USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Worcester > Town annual reports of the several departments for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1877 > Part 23
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IV.
Ellen T. Shannon,
IV.
60
Ida A. Tew,
III.
Mrs. Earle.
F. Belle Perry,
II.
Mary E. Murphy,
II.
66
Hattie C. Howland,
I.
66
Margaret J. McCann,
I.
WASHINGTON STREET.
Teachers.
Grade.
Special Committee. Metcalf,
66
Charles T. Haynes, Prin., Amanda M. Phillips, Asst. M. Ella Spalding,
VIII.
Special Committee. Murphy,
LEDGE STREET.
Teachers. Charles C. Woodman, Prin., Margaret M. Geary, Asst. Olive G. Davis,
Grade.
IX.
VIII.
Special Committee. Metcalf,
WOODLAND STREET.
Ann S. Dunton,
LAMARTINE STREET.
IX.
330
CITY DOCUMENT .- NO. 32.
LEDGE STREET .- Continued.
Special Committee.
Teachers.
Grade.
Murphy,
Maria P. Cole,
VII.
Chapin,
Eliza E. Cowles,
VI.
M. Addie Powers,
V.
Emma L. Cowles,
V.
Alice G. McMahon,
IV.
Knight,
Mary E. D. King,
III.
Mary V. Callaghan,
II.
Ida A. E. Kenney,
I.
Fanny A. Williams,
I.
THOMAS STREET.
Special Committee.
Teachers.
Grade.
Goulding,
Harriet G. Waite, Prin.,
VIII.
66
Emily J. Herrick,
VII.
66
Celia E. Whiteman,
VI.
O'Flynn,
Abbie C. Souther,
V.
66
Abbie F. Hemenway,
III.
Hattie W. Bliss,
III.
Bassett,
Mary E. D. Cavanough,
II.
Harriette Crook,
II.
Belle H. Tucker,
I.
SYCAMORE STREET.
Special Committee.
Teachers.
Grade.
Mrs. Rogers,
Abbie E. Clough, Prin.,
VIII.
Minnie F. Whittier,
VII.
M. Louise Rice,
VI.
Stoddard,
Susie A. Partridge,
V.
66
Hattie S. Hagen,
IV.
Sarah W. Clements,
III.
Bassett,
Emma F. Marsh,
II.
Eliza J. Day,
I.
EAST WORCESTER.
Special Committee.
Teachers.
Grade.
White,
Ella W. Foskett, Prin.,
VI.
Annie Brown,
V.
66
Nellie A. Sprout,
V.
Tamerson S. Darling,
IV.
Mrs. Rogers,
Julia A. Bunker,
IV.
Kate C. Cosgrove,
III.
Aloysia Radcliffe,
III.
Moriarty,
Mary E. Russell,
II.
Ada E. Simonds,
I.
Mary J. O'Connor,
I.
.
S. Lizzie Wedge,
IV.
Anna J. Hitchcock, Asst.
331
SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
PROVIDENCE STREET.
Grade.
VI.
Sarah J. Newton,
V.
66
Evelyn E. Towne,
IV.
Emma J. Houghton,
IV.
Anna M. Overend,
III.
S. Cornelia Maynard,
II.
Bridget T. Carlon, Ella J. Lyford,
II-I.
I.
ASH STREET.
Special Committee.
Teachers.
Grade.
St. John,
Mary J. Mack, Prin.,
VI.
66
Mary J. Packard,
V.
Marble, .
Mattie A. Collins,
III.
66
Flora J. Osgood,
II.
Mary McGown,
I.
SOUTH WORCESTER.
Teachers.
Grade.
66
Carrie A. George, Prin., Amelia M. Walker,
VI.
66
Ellen M. Boyden,
V.
Timon,
Esther E. Travis,
IV.
Libbie H. Day,
IV.
White,
Lydia W. Ball,
III.
Mary C. Paige,
II.
66
Sarah A. Boyd,
I.
PLEASANT STREET.
Special Committee.
Teachers.
Grade.
Plunkett,
Ella L. Dwyer, Prin.,
V.
Mary L. Norcross,
IV.
66
Mary E. A. Hoyt,
III
McCafferty,
Lucy Lewisson,
II.
Ella K. Morgan,
I.
Mary F.[Barker,
I.
SALEM STREET.
Special Committee.
Grade.
Moriarty,
Teachers. Ann E. McCambridge, Prin., Mary O. Whitmore,
IV.
Hastings,
Emma I. Claflin,
III.
Effie J. Phelps,
II .- I.
.
Special Committee. Brown,
Teachers. L. Elizabeth King, Prin.
Murphy,
Sarah A. Harrington,
IV.
Epecial Committee. Knight,
VIII-VII.
V.
332
CITY DOCUMENT .- NO. 32.
EDGEWORTH STREET.
Teachers.
Grade.
Ella E. Roper, Prin.,
VI .- V.
Sarah M. Brigham,
IV.
Stoddard,
Jennie E. Maloney,
III.
66
Marianna Newton,
II.
66
Annie D. Johnson,
I.
NEW WORCESTER.
Special Committee.
Teachers.
Grade.
Marble,
Charlotte H. Munger, Prin.,
VIII.
S. Lizzie Carter,
VII .- VI.
Hastings,
Ella J. Moore,
V .- IV.
Belle H. Crowell,
III .- II.
6
Ada L. Sherman,
I.
.
SUMMER STREET.
Special Committee.
Teachers.
Grade.
Chapin,
Abbie A. Wells, Prin.,
V.
Susan M. Butterick,
IV.
Carrie F. Merriam,
III.
Mary A. Gauren,
II.
66
Lilla F. Upton,
I.
QUINSIGAMOND.
Special Committee. O'Flynn, 66
Teachers. Sarah F. Carpenter, Prin., Mary S Eaton, Helena M. Kalaher,
Grade.
VII-VI-V.
IV-III.
II-I.
MASON STREET.
Special Committee. Kelley,
Teachers. Mary E. Pease, Prin., Emma C. Maynard,
Grade.
III.
II-I.
ADRIATIC.
Teachers.
Grade.
Amy E. Hopson, Prin., Sarah J. Morgan,
III.
II.
66
· Emma A. Porter,
I.
Augusta S. Houghton,
I.
UNION HILL.
Special Committee. Hastings,
Teachers. Mary A. Tyler, Prin., Etha M. Stowell,
Grade. IV-III.
II-I.
Special Committee. Johnson,
Special Committee. St. John,
333
SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
SUBURBAN.
Hastings,
Northville,
Eudora A. Dearborn.
Mrs. Rogers,
Tatnuck,
Helen H. Welsh.
Marble,
Valley Falls,
Eliza J. Seaver.
St. John,
Leesville,
Clara A. Grout.
Goulding,
Blithewood,
Anna M. Bemis.
Metcalf,
Bloomingdale,
Mary E. Fay.
Mrs. Earle,
Adams Sq.
Minnie M. Parmenter.
Mrs. Earle, Knight, Johnson,
Burncoat Plain,
Mary E. C. Carroll.
North Pond,
Mary D. Shute,
Chamberlain,
Nellie J. Spurr.
DRAWING. Wm. A. Mason, Jr., Teacher.
Committee.
Mrs. Rogers,
Marble,
Kelley.
MUSIC.
Seth Richards, Teacher.
McCafferty,
Committee. Mrs. Earle, Woodward.
Superintendent's Report.
To His Honor the Mayor, and the School Board of Worcester:
In conformity to your regulations, I submit the following as my Tenth Annual Report ; and by these regulations this report, which it is the duty of the Superintendent to prepare, becomes the report of the School Board to the public, and the school authorities of the State.
ABSTRACT OF STATISTICS.
FOR THE YEAR 1877.
I. POPULATION.
Population, Census of 1875,
49,317
Estimated Population, . 52,000
Children between the ages of five and fifteen, May, 1877, 9,097
II. FINANCIAL.
Valuation, May, 1877,
$45,676,655 00
Decrease for the year,
2,546,742 00
City debt, December, 1877, less Cash and Sinking Fund,
2,288,861 02
State, county, and city tax, 1877,
720,778 12
Rate of taxation, .0152
Value of school houses and lots, 823,517 00
Other school property, .
60,135 84
*Ordinary expenses of schools,
136,313 37
*See detailed statement in the Secretary's report.
SCHOOLS .- SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
335
Per cent. of same to valuation,
.0029
Per cent. of same to whole tax,
.189
Repairs of school houses, furniture and stoves,
4,381 50
Permanent improvements to school houses,
$1,380 95
New furniture, etc.,
1,535 21
Rents and insurance,
1,112 50
$4,028 66
Less revenue,
144 83
$3,883 83
Expended for all purposes,
$144,578 70
Charged by the Auditor
1,689 58
Average cost per scholar for all schools, including ordinary repairs,
18 88
Same last year,
$19 04
Cost of Evening Schools,
1,751 80
Average per scholar,
4 96
Cost of Evening Drawing Schools,
852 00
Average per scholar,
8 96
Cost of High School,
16,152 40
Decrease,
920 90
Average per scholar, .
39 54
Decrease,
9 31
III. SCHOOL-HOUSES.
Number occupied December, 1876.
34
Rooms, not including recitation rooms,
163
Room rented at New Worcester,
1
Drawing School rooms, recitation and Evening School rooms, additional, Whole number of sittings:
7
In High School, .
508
Additional space for,
91
Grammar Schools, Grades IX-VI,
1,870
Secondary Schools, Grades V and IV,
2,163
Primary Schools, Grades III., II., and I.
3,583
Suburban Schools,
398
IV. SCHOOLS.
High School, twelve rooms,
1
Grammar rooms, Grades IX-VI,
39
Secondary rooms, Grades V, IV,
42
Primary rooms, 'Grades III, II, I,
65
Suburban Schools,
10
Northville, Tatnuck, Valley Falls, Leesville, Blithewood, Bloom- ingdale, Adams Square, Burncoat, North Pond, Chamberlain. Evening Schools,
6
Washington street for boys; Walnut street for girls; Dix street, Belmont street, Cambridge street and New Worcester for both. Free Evening Drawing Schools, both sexes,
5
·
.
·
$140,694 87
336
CITY DOCUMENT .- NO. 32.
V. TEACHERS.
Male teachers in High School,
6
Female teachers in High School,
7
Male teachers in Grammar Schools,
6
Female teachers in all grades below the High School,
156
Special teacher of Music, male,
1
Special teacher of Drawing, male,
1
Number of teachers in Day Schools,
177
Male teachers in Evening Schools,
8
Female teachers in Evening Schools,
15
Teachers in Free Evening Drawing Schools, male,
3
Whole number of teachers,
203
VI. PUPILS.
Number registered in Day Schools,
9,295
Increase, 119
485
In Free Evening Drawing Schools,
121
Number registered in all schools,
9,901
Decrease, 35
1,267
Decrease, 152
Estimated number in this city in private schools here,
1,325
Pupils in State Normal School, this city,
105
Average number belonging to public schools, Decrease, 153
7,451
Average number belonging to Day Schools,
7,003
Decrease, 39
6,507
Average daily absence,
496
Number at close of Fall term, 1876,
7,134
At close of Winter term, 1876-7, Increase from last year, 135
6,917
At close of Spring term, Increase,
1
At close of Summer term,
6,810
Increase, 59
7,549
At close of Fall term, Decrease, 110
92.9
Per cent. of daily attendance to average number belonging, Increase, 00.4
Number perfect in attendance the whole year, Increase 33
647
Perfect three terms,
622
Perfect two terms,
772
Perfect one term,
1,517
.
Decrease, 6
6,852
Average daily attendance in Day Schools, . Decrease, 33
-
In Evening Schools.
Number over 15 years old,
SCHOOLS .- SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
337
Number registered in High School,
643
Increase,
98
Boys, . ·
325
Increase,
81
Girls,
318
Increase,
17
Number at close of the year,
487
Increase,
. 81
Number of graduates, June, 1876,
63
Number left the school,
93
Increase,
2
Average number belonging,
408
Average daily attendance,
398
Average daily absence,
10
Per cent. of daily attendance to average number belonging,
97.4
Average age of pupils, December, 1877,
16.5
Average number of pupils to a regular teacher,
34
.
.
.
.
31
STATISTICS,
WORCESTER SCHOOLS,
ON THE PLAN ADOPTED RY THE
NATIONAL SUPERINTENDENTS' ASSOCIATION,
December 1, 1876, to December 1, 1877.
ESTIMATED SCHOOL POPULATION.
Number between the ages of five and fifteen, 9,097
Under six years old, 1,819
Over sixteen years old, 600
Between six and sixteen years of age, · 9,000
PUBLIC SCHOOLS,
Number enrolled during the year, 9,901
Average daily attendance in day schools, 6,507
School rooms, exclusive of those used for recitation only, 169
School rooms used exclusively for recitations, . 4
Average duration of school in days, . 205
SCHOOLS OTHER THAN PUBLIC.
In schools corresponding to public schools below the High School, 1,242
In schools corresponding to public High School, 83
Teachers in said schools of all grades:
Males,
9
Females,
20
Total,
.
29
Teachers in public schools, day and evening:
Males,
24
Females,
179
Total, 203
Average salary of teachers per month in public schools:
Males, $156 21
Females.
64 51
339
SCHOOLS .- SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
ANNUAL INCOME.
Local tax,
$144,578 70
ANNUAL EXPENDITURES.
Permanent.
Buildings and furniture, etc., .
Current.
Salary of Superintendent,
$2,975 00
Salary of Clerk, .
800 00
Salaries of Teachers,
114,046 03
Salaries of Truant Officers,
1,755 54
Miscellaneous :
Repairs,
$4,381 50
Fuel,
5,146 40
Janitors,
5,373 78
Other,
7,184 29
$22,085 97
$141,662 54
Total, .
$144,578 70
Current expenditure, per capita, of school population, five to fifteen,
$15 57
Expenditure, per capita, of pupils enrolled in public schools, 14 30
Expenditure, per capita, of average attendance in public schools,
21 77
Expenditure, per capita, of population between six and sixteen,
15 74
Expenditure, per capita, of population between six and sixteen, includ- ing interest on value of all school property at 7 per cent.,
22 61
SCHOOL HOUSES.
Within the year a lot on Grafton street, with the buildings thereon, has been purchased to be fitted up as a school house ; and a lot on Pleasant street, at the corner of Winslow street, has been bought for the erection of a school house next spring. A new room has been finished in one end of the hall in the Edgeworth street school house ; and temporary accommodations of a similar kind have been fitted up in the Woodland street hall. Windows have been inserted in the attic rooms at Ledge street, and Belmont street. In order to avoid danger from fire, the doors at all the larger school-houses have been changed so as to open outward.
VENTILATION
has also received a share af attention. In many of the school- rooms there has been no adequate means of ventilation, except the windows. To obtain pure air from these, in all seasons of
$2,916 16
340
CITY DOCUMENT .- NO. 32.
the year, must necessarily expose the pupils, more or less, to dangerous draughts. Between this danger and breathing vi- tiated air, it is often difficult for the teacher to choose. Pure air in a school-room, like water in a city, is an expensive luxury, bounteous as is the supply which nature has provided. The cubic feet of air which fills a room can easily be heated once daily, and at comparatively little expense; but if this air is changed five or six times during each session of the school, as it ought to be in a room full of people, the cost is correspondingly greater. Hence, ventilation in cold weather, is a question of coal. Bad as the air is often found to be in school-rooms, it will be found no better in private houses. In first-class dwell- ings, and in every class below this, furnace gas, the exhalations from fetid breaths, the fumes from cook-stoves, and other scents, will be generally found quite as bad as those in a school-room. This, however, is a private matter. The public are none the less under obligation to provide healthy school-rooms. Most of our school-houses are heated by a stove in each room. In a few of these, recently, an apparatus has been applied, which takes into the room a column of air, heated by passing through a pipe inserted within the smoke-pipe and communicating with out-of- doors. In one room a stove has been placed, which is enclosed like a portable furnace, and connected with the external air; thus a constant supply of fresh, warm air is taken into the room, while provision is made to remove the foul air. These improve- ments may obviate the difficulty. In that case, the other school- rooms should be provided with similar appliances.
THE GRADING
of the schools has not been materially changed since the last report, except by the establishment of a Preparatory Class in the High School. The objects and organization of this class will be explained further on.
THE TEXT BOOKS
remain substantially the same as last year, excepting that Smith's series in Art Education have been substituted for the drawing cards previously in use. This change followed nat-
341
SCHOOLS .- SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
urally the change of teacher. The work done in this department of study, is generally satisfactory to the committee. In a study like this, where the results are tangible, and where a special teacher is employed, there is danger that too much time will be occupied. To guard against this, a limited time is assigned to the study, daily, in each grade, and teachers are required not to exceed this time.
DRAWING,
as taught in our schools, is not an ornamental study ; it was in- troduced in response to the call for "practical studies." From the shops and manufactories of this intensely mechanical city, came the call for a training which would enable workmen, gen- erally, to read a drawing and work from plans. If each could do this, it was said, labor would be more profitable to both em- ployer and employed, and the work of the foreman would be much lighter and more effective. Millions of dollars, some have asserted, might have been saved from experiments in this city alone, by draughtsmen in the departments where most skill is required. And at every stage of labor, in the manufacture of boots and shoes, in the carpenter's shop, and the blacksmith's shop, and in almost every department of business, a trained eye and a deft hand add greatly to the value of every man's labor. It will not be expected that the brief time employed in teach- ing drawing in the schools will produce a race of skilled draughtsmen; but the limited training of eye and hand which each pupil receives, will be of positive use to every one, directly aiding him as it does in writing, while in many it will discover a talent which subsequent cultivation will render profitable in a broader field. If any one study can be specially denominated "practical," this is that one.
PHYSIOLOGY
has been taught in the Ninth Grade, and an examination in the subject was required for admission to the High School. Owing to the amount of other work required in this grade, the study has been abandoned here and added to the High School course. In view of the importance, to all children, of some knowledge of
342
CITY DOCUMENT .- NO. 32.
hygiene, it may be doubted whether this action is altogether wise. The judicious teacher, in every grade, should take occa- sion, incidentally, to instruct the pupils, outside of the regular specified studies of the school, in various subjects with which they should become acquainted - in morals and manners, such affairs of the day as suit their capacity, behavior on the street, and in public assemblies, their duties towards others and the rights which they may properly claim for themselves-all this indirectly, as occasion presents itself ; and among these topics of general instruction, no one is of more importance than some knowledge of right living, which will insure health and comfort.
SCHOOL DISCIPLINE.
Discipline is an important part of education. Discipline means the power of self-control-with other things, the control of one's behavior. In the latter sense, discipline means good order; and in this latter sense, discipline is a means and not an end. Good order is sought for the sake of the school and the pupils; the school is not kept for the sake of good order. Now, what kind of control should children be subjected to, in order to develop self-control? Plainly, not the unreasoning submission to an arbitrary will ; but rational and willing-will- ing because rational-obedience to authority ; and authority is a very different thing from the mere will of another. In securing this rational obedience, both rewards and penalties have an appropriate place. Children do not reach perfection at a single bound; the patience and · care which a teacher has to exercise in the right discipline of a large school, is scarcely realized by the average citizen.
The rules do not require nor forbid corporal punishment; but they restrict its use. Its place in the discipline of a school is as a last resort. Its use should not be so frequent as to breed familiarity. It should always be preceded by admonition, and the necessity for its use should be pointed out, and made clear to the pupil. It should be a thing of importance, and sur- rounded with all the dignity at command; and it should not be excessive, or it defeats itself. It ought never to be adminis-
343
SCHOOLS .- SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
tered in passion. It is not denied that a good teacher may sometimes err in one or more of these regards, nor that there may be cases where some variation from what is here laid down may properly be made.
What may properly be done respecting corporal punishment, as in any other matter connected with public schools, is deter- mined largely by the sentiment of the community. What would have been approved as a means of discipline in the schools of this city fifty years ago, would not now be tolerated. This mode of discipline was then common in the High School ; it is not now. There is a sentiment more or less prevalent, that all such punishment is cruel and ought to be abandoned. A teacher who is cruel in using the rod will find a way to be cruel without it. In a large city, some years ago, this kind of discipline was abolished. One morning, as a thousand children were assembled, a little girl was brought to the front to be punished for some slight offence. All the children pointed their finger at her and hissed. This was her punishment. The little creature blushed, was embarrassed with the sense of shame, and crushed by the scorn of her playmates. She burst into tears and sobbed as if her heart would break. That was the refinement of cruelty. A moderate whipping by a kind teacher, if necessary, would have left no wound upon the little spirit. A kind-hearted teacher may be trusted with the rod; a cruel one cannot be trusted with children at all. ·
It is not true that a teacher has no right, or to state it more accurately, is under no obligation, to take notice of the conduct of children on the street, on their way to school and home again. No doubt every teacher would wish to be relieved from such responsibility. It is certain, that as a rule, they take as little notice of such misconduct as the interests of the school, in their judgment, will allow. Suppose the absolute limit of a teacher's authority were the fence bounding the school-yard ; might a boy stand outside and throw stones among the scholars at their play ? Suppose a little girl was daily pushed or thrown down by rude or thoughtless boys, on the way home from school, and she could not ascertain their names; should not the teacher's protection be asked ? The police could of course
344
CITY DOCUMENT .- NO. 32.
be called; but would it be better for the boys to be taken to the lock-up, and their parents fined for these little offences? The people, it is believed, as the law requires, expect teachers to take notice of the conduct of school children on the way home and to school. But here the jurisdiction is concurrent. The parent is even more responsible ; and the teacher's proper sphere is as an assistant and not an antagonist.
PUBLIC SCHOOL LIBRARY.
Early in the year a committee was appointed to consider and report a plan for the enlargement and use of the educational library, which is accumulating in the office of the Superintendent of Schools, for the use of teachers and members of the School Board. The library has been catalogued and a few additions have been made. The following
RULES AND REGULATIONS,
reported by the committee, were adopted by the Board :-
1. This library shall be called the " Worcester Public School Library."
2. This library shall be for the exclusive use and benefit of the members of the School Board of the City of Worcester, and of the teachers of the Public Schools of said city.
3. The Superintendent of Public Schools shall be the libra- rian, and shall be responsible for all property belonging to the library.
4. The library shall be open whenever the office of the Superintendent of Public Schools is open.
5. Not more than one book shall be taken from the library at a time by one person, nor kept for a longer period than two weeks. Persons detaining a book beyond this time shall be charged a fine of two cents a day for the same.
6. The librarian shall enter the title of every book taken from the library, in a book kept for that purpose ; and all persons taking a book shall subscribe their names after such title.
· 7. It shall be the duty of the librarian to catalogue books and pamphlets added to the library.
345
SCHOOLS .- SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
8. The Book Committee shall designate such works as shall not be taken from the library.
9. The librarian may make such exchange of duplicates as shall be for the best interest of the library.
10. The standing committee on books and apparatus shall have charge of the Public School Library, and all other matters connected therewith.
By the accumulation of the text-books from time to time published and deposited for examination, by the files of educa- tional publications, by the school reports from states, cities and towns, received in exchange, and by standard educational works added as they are needed, the library will be increased at a nominal expense from year to year. It is expected that our teachers will avail themselves of the opportunity to become better acquainted with the science of pedagogics, in its history and development, to their own profit, and to the advantage of the schools. New members of future school boards, also, who have not been connected with education since they left school, will here have the means of becoming acquainted with educa- tional methods and progress.
Amendments to the Rules have been adopted, as follows :-
CHAP. IV. SEC. 5. [instead of first two sentences.]
For assistants in all grades below the High School, there shall be regular minimum, medium and maximum salaries, to be fixed by the Board at its annual meeting in July. Teachers on trial shall be paid such sums as the Committee on Teachers may from time to time recommend, subject to the approval of the Board.
[Adopted June 5, 1877.
CHAP. IX. SEC. 1.
The school year will begin on the first Monday in September, and be divided into four terms comprising forty-one weeks, beginning respectively on the first Monday in September, the first Monday after Thanksgiving, the last Monday in February, and the first Monday in May.
SEC. 3. The vacations shall occur as follows: Nine weeks preceding the first Mon- day in September; the last half of Thanksgiving week; eight days at Christmas, from Dec. 25 to Jan. 1, inclusive; and one week preceding the first Monday in May. [Adopted Nov. 6, 1877.
346
CITY DOCUMENT .- NO. 32.
CHAP. IX. SEC. 6.
All the schools are allowed the following holidays: The twenty-second of February ; Fast Day; Good Friday; every Wednesday and Saturday afternoon throughout the year, except in the suburban schools, which may take the whole of Saturday, instead of Wednesday afternoon, and in the High School the whole of every alternate Saturday; and such other public festivals as the Mayor may see fit to designate.
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