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http://www.archive.org/details/historyofannearu00rile
A HISTORY
OF-
ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY,
IN MARYLAND.
Adapted for Use in the Schools of the County.
By ELIHU S. RILEY ...
..
CHARLES G. FELDMEYER, PUBLISHER, ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND. 1905.
THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY 633157
ASTOR LENOX AND TILDEN ! 19:3
TION5.
Copyrighted, 1905, by ELIHU S. RILEY.
Press of KING BROS. City Hall Plaza.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER FIRST.
Page
THE SETTLEMENT OF MARYLAND
CHAPTER SECOND.
THE FOUNDING OF ST. MARY'S 6
CHAPTER THIRD.
THE ERECTION OF ST. MARY'S AND KENT COUNTIES .
CHAPTER FOURTH.
LIFE AMONGST THE EARLY SETTLERS OF MARYLAND 12
CHAPTER FIFTH.
THE ADMINISTRATION OF MARGARET BRENT
17
.
CHAPTER SIXTH.
MARYLAND A PROTOTYPE OF ENGLAND
19
CHAPTER SEVENTH.
THE SETTLEMENT OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY
.
.
22
CHAPTER EIGHTH.
THE COURTS OF ANNE ARUNDEL ESTABLISHED 24
CHAPTER NINTH:
THE PURITANS REFUSE TO SEND DELEGATES TH TRE LEGISLATURE OF 1651
26
CHAPTER TENTH. THE FIRST SETTLERS OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY', ' 28 -
CHAPTER ELEVENTH.
THE ANIMOSITIES OF THE OLD WORLD TRANSPLANTED IN THE NEW 30
CHAPTER TWELFTHI.
PROVIDENCE SENDS A PETITION TO THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE COMMONWEALTH 32
CHAPTER THIRTEENTH.
CROMWELL'S COMMISSIONERS REDUCE MARYLAND
34
1
iv
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER FOURTEENTH. Pago
THE BATTLE OF THE SEVERN
37
CHAPTER FIFTEENTH.
THE STRONG CHARACTERS IN ANNE ARUNDEL FORCE THE HAND OF GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER SIXTEENTH.
THE RELIGIOUS ELEMENT IN THE COUNTY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANNE ARUNDEL . 42
CHAPTER SEVENTEENTH.
ANNE ARUNDEL REFUSES TO SANCTION THE OVERTHROW OF LORD BALTIMORE'S GOVERN- . MENT 46
CHAPTER EIGHTEENTH.
THE RELIGIOUS ELEMENT IN ANNE ARUNDEL FROM THE PROTESTANT REVOLUTION TO THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION -- 1689-1776 49
PATRIOTISM IN ANNE ARUNDEL CHAPTER NINETEENTH.
CHAPTER TWENTIETH.
ANNAPOLIS BECOMES THE CHIEF CITY OF THE PROVINCE
61
CHAPTER TWENTY FIRST.
STRANGE ANTICS OF VISITING PROVINCIAL COMMISSIONERS 64
CHAPTER TWENTY-SECOND.
69
"THE ATHENS OF AMERICA"
CHAPTER TWENTY-THIRD.
A QUAINT INCIDENT THAT LED TO IMPORTANT RESULTS 73
CHATTER . TWENTY-EQUIRTH.
ANNE ARUNDEL DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY WA
74
CHAPTER TWE TA FIFTH.
A REVOLUTIONARY FIGHT IN ANNE ARUNDEL
81
CHAPTER TWENTY-SIXTH.
LEADING EVENTS IN ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY FROM THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR TO THE .
82
WAR OF 1812
CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVENTH.
ANNAPOLIS A CENTRE OF NATIONAL INTEREST 87
CHAPTER TWENTY EIGHTH.
THE NAVAL ACADEMY ESTABLISHED AT ANNAPOLIS .
88
.
55
-
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER TWENTY -NINTH. ANNE ARUNDEL FROM THE CIVIL WAR TO THE I'RESENT
Page
CHAPTER THIRTIETH.
THE RECEPTION OF THE REMAINS OF JOHN PAUL JONES 94
CHAPTER THIRTY-FIRST.
WAR SCENES IN ANNAPOLIS
96
.
CHAPTER THIRTY-SECOND.
A PLAINTIVE STORY IN THE HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS
.
. 99
CHAPTER THIRTY-THIRD.
THE GEOLOGY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY
100
CHAPTER THIRTY-FOURTH.
.
102
THE INDIANS OF ANNE ARUNDEL
CHIAPTER THIRTY-FIFTII.
THE THREE STATE HOUSES IN ANNAPOLIS . 101
CHAPTER THIRTY SIXTH.
SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION IN ANNE ARUNDEL
TOWNS IN ANNE ARUNDEL
CHAPTER THIRTY-SEVENTH.
.
107
CHAPTER THIRTY-EIGHTH.
115
CHAPTER THIRTY- NINTH.
THE AREA AND POPULATION OF ANNE ARUNDEL 117
CHAPTER' FORT
OLD FASHIONS DISAPPEAR IN ANNE ARUND
I18
CONDITIONS IN ANNE ARUNDEL
119
CHAPTER FORTY-SECOND.
LEGISLATIVE SCENES IN ANNAPOLIS .
.
CHAPTER FORTY THIRD.
THE POLITICAL, EDUCATIONAL AND HISTORIC STATUS OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY .
.
135
CHAPTER FORTY-FOURTH.
A GALAXY OF ILLUSTRIOUS CITIZENS OF ANNE ARUNDEL
.
138
CHAPTER FORTY EERST.
.
122
90
ANNAPOLIS AND ANNE ARUNDEL THE RESORT OF EXCURSIONISTS
.
106
vi
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER FORTY FIFTH.
Page
PUBLIC BUILDINGS, CHURCHES, AND ANCIENT LANDMARKS 146
CHAPTER FORTY-SIXTII.
THE LOST LANDMARKS OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY 155
CHAPTER FORTY-SEVENTH.
THE ANCIENT BELIEF IN WITCHES AND APPARITIONS 157
CHAPTER FORTY -EIGHTH.
PROGRESS OF THE IMPROVEMENTS AT THE NAVAL ACADEMY 161
CHAPTER FORTY-NINTH.
ST. ANNE'S PARISH-1692-1906 162
CHIAPTER FIFTIETH.
"IMPROVEMENT" THE WATCHWORD OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY . 168
HIS EXCELLENCY, THE HONORABLE EDWIN WARFIELD, Governor of Maryland, and, by provision of the State Constitution, a citizen of Annapolis.
T. 3 PUBLI
ASTON, LENOX ANE TILDEA FOUNDATIONIL
1
F
--
A History of Anne Arundel County. CHAPTER FIRST.
THE SETTLEMENT OF MARYLAND.
I. Maryland was settled under the auspices of a charter granted by King Charles the First of England, to Cecelius Calvert, second Baron of Baltimore, on the 20th of June, 1632. A charter had been written for George Calvert, the father of Cecilius, the first Lord Baltimore-but, before it had passed into the hands of Lord Baltimore, he died. The Province was named in compliment to Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles the First.
2. The territory, embraced in the charter from King Charles, included " all that Part of the Peninsula, or Chersonese,* lying in the Parts of America between the Ocean on the East, and the bay of Chesopeake on the West, divided from the Residue thereof by a Right Line drawn from the Promontory, or Head Land, called Watkin's Point, situate upon the Bay aforesaid, near the river Wicho on the West, unto the Main Ocean on the East ; and between that Boundary on the South unto that Part of the Bay of Delaware on the North, which lieth under the Fortieth Degree of North Latitude from the Aequinoctional, where New England is terminated, and all the Tract of that Land within the metes unwritten (that is to say), passing from the said Bay, called Delaware Bay, in a right line, by the degree aforesaid, unto the true Meridian of the First Fountain of the River Pattowmack, thence verging toward the South, unto the further Bank of the said River, and following the same on the West and South, unto a certain place called Cinqnack, situate near the month of the said River, where it disembogues into the aforesaid Bay of Chesapeake, and thence by the shortest line unto the aforesaid Promontory, or Place called Watkin's Point."
3. The grant was one of royal powers, and Lord Baltimore was to hold forever of the King and his heirs and successors, Kings of England, "as of our Castle of Windsor, in our County of Berks, in free and common Soecage, by Fealty only for all Services, and not in Capite, nor by Knight's Service, Yielding therefore unto Us, our Heirs and Successors, two Indian Arrows of those Parts to be delivered
PARAGRAPH 1. (a) Under what auspices was Maryland settled ? (b) To whom had the first charter of Maryland been given ? (e) After whom was the Province named ?
PARAGRAPH 2. («) What territory was embraced in the charter ?
PARAGRAPH 3. (4) What powers did the grant to Lord Baltimore contain ? (b) What tribute *Peninsula.
2
A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
at the said Castle of Windsor, every year, on Tuesday in Easter-Week ; and also the fifth part of all Gold and Silver Ore, which shall happen from Time to Time, to be found within the aforesaid Limits." It was from the largeness of this pro- vision that, in after years, when the great struggle over the Stamp Act and Tea Tax came, that the claim went forth that, under this charter, England had abandoned the right to lay taxes upon the Province of Maryland and its inhabitants.
4. In transplanting themselves from the "Mother Country," the name by which the inhabitants of Maryland so often, in their ordinary discourses and official docu- ments, affectionately reverted to England, the settlers of " the Land of the Sanc- tuary," lost none of their rights as native, free born Englishmen. It was especially provided in the Charter, "that all and singular the Subjects and Liege-Men," of the King, his heirs and successors, " transplanted or hereafter to be transplanted into the Province aforesaid, whether already born there, or hereafter to be born, be and shall be natives and Liege-Men of Us, our Heirs and Successors of our Kingdom of England and Ireland ; and in all things shall be held, treated, reputed and esteemed as the faithful Liege-Men of Us, and our Heirs and Successors, born within our Kingdom of England." The grant provided that the new settlers and inhabitants of the Province should enjoy all the rights of property that the King's liege subjects in England enjoyed with ample powers to Lord Baltimore for setting up Courts of justice, providing for an Assembly of people to make laws as freemen, and to establish a free and sovereign state with the one provision of fealty only to the King of England, his heirs and successors, and the payment of the yearly tribute of two Indian arrow heads and the one-fifth of the gold and silver of the country. The concluding paragraph of the charter, preceding its formal exeention. provided that, when any questions of doubt arose " concerning the true Sense and Meaning of any Word, Clause or Sentence contained in this our present Charter. We will, charge and command that Interpretation to be applied always and in all Things, and in all our Courts and Judicatories whatsoever, to obtain, which shall be judged to be more beneficial, profitable and favourable to the afore- said now Baron of Baltimore, his Heirs and Assigns."
5. Cecilius Calvert appointed his brother, Leonard Calvert, governor of the new colony of Maryland, and Jeremy Hawley and Thomas Cornwallis as his counsellors. From these two last appointments arose the Council of the Governor and, in a few years afterward, this body became the recognized Upper House of the General Assembly. It continued in this legislative capacity down to the Revo- Intionary War. The number of colonists who embarked for Maryland consisted of about two hundred. The names of the principal characters are : Richard Gerard,
was Lord Baltimore to pay the king annually ? (e) What claim did the people afterwards make from this charter ?
PARAGRAPH 4. (a) By what name did the people of Maryland call England ? (b) By trans- planting themselves to Maryland did the people lose any of their rights as native, free-born English- men ? (e) How were all questions of doubt in the charter to be decided ?
PARAGRAPH 5. (a) Whom did Cecilius Calvert appoint as Governor and Councillors of Mary- land ? (b) What legislative body arose from this Council ? (e) How many colonists embarked for
3
A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
Edward Winter, Frederick Winter and Henry Wiseman, Esqrs., and Mr. John Saunders, Mr. Edward Cranfield, Mr. Henry Green, Mr. Nicholas Fairfax, Mr. John Baxter, Mr. Thomas Dorrel, Mr. John Medcalfe, and Mr. William Saire, and Captain John Hill. A number of these were said to be gentlemen of fortune, and most, if not all of them, were Roman Catholics. The mechanics, artizans and laborers who made up the rest of the colony, were chiefly Protestants.
6. The Lord Proprietary, Cecilius Calvert, gave carefully written instructions to his Governor and his Councillors how they should conduct the new government of the Province. The first paragraph gives the key-note to the broad and generous spirit that animated the Proprietary in his enterprise. He instructed them that : "His Lordship requires his Governor and Commissioners that, in their voyage to Mary Land, they be very carefull to preserve unity and peace amongst all the passengers on Shipp-board, and that they suffer no scandall nor offence to be given to any of the Protestants, whereby any just complaint may heereafter be made by them, in Virginea or in England, and that for that end they Cause all Acts of Romane Catholique Religion to be done as privately as may be, and that they instruct all the Romane Catholiques to be silent upon all occasions of discourse concerning matters of Religion ; and that the said Governor and Commissioners treate the Protestants with as much mildness and favor as Justice will permitt. And this to be observed at Land as well as at Sea." In the last paragraph of his instructions, Lord Baltimore, commanded his Governor and his Counsellors, " In fine, they bee very careful to do justice to every man without partiality."
7. In this letter of advice Lord Baltimore told his representatives that when they had made choice of the place where they intended to settle, the Governor or one of the Commissioners, should " make some short declaration to the people of his Lordship's intentions, which he means to pursue in this his intended plantation, which are first the honor of God, by endeavouring the conversion of the Savages to Christianity ; secondly, the augmentation of his Majesties Empire and Dominions in those parts of the world by reducing them under the subjection of his Crown ; and thirdly, by the good of such of his Countrymen as are willing to adventure their fortunes and themselves in it, by endeavoring all he can to assist them, that they may reape the fruits of their charges and labors according to the hopefulness of the thing, with as much freedome, comfort and incouragement as they can desire."
8. Father White, the first historian of Maryland, who, with Father Altham, another Catholic priest, accompanied the expedition, says : "On the
Maryland ? (d) Who were the principal ones ? (() Of what religious faith were the chief settlers ? (f') Of what denomination were the artizans and laborers ?
PARAGRAPH 6. (@) What was the character of the instructions given by Lord Proprietary to his Governor and Councillors ? (b) What did the first paragraph of these instructions require ? (c) What did Lord Baltimore command in the last paragraph of his instructions ?
PARAGRAPH 7. (a) What were the representatives of Lord Baltimore to do when they had made choice of the place of settlement ? (b) What were his Lordship's intentions as set forth in his order for the declaration of them ?
PARAGRAPH 8. (a) Who was the first historian of Maryland ? (b) What was the day of the
1
A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
Twenty-Second of the month of November, in the year 1633, being St. Cecilia's day, we set sail from Cowes, in the Isle of Wight, with a gentle east wind blowing, and, after committing the principal parts of the ship to the protection of God especially, and of His most Holy Mother, and St. Ignatius, and all the guardian angels of Maryland, we sailed a little way between the two shores, and the wind failing us, we stopped opposite Yarmouth Castle, which is near the southern end of the Sale Island. Here we were received with a cheerful salute of artillery. Yet we were not without apprehension ; for the sailors were murmuring among them- selves, saying that they were expecting a messenger with letters from London, and from this it seemed as if they were even contriving to delay us. But God brought their plans to confusion, for that very night a favorable, but strong, wind, arose ; and a French cutter which had put into the same harbor with us, being forced to set sail, came near running into our pinnace. The latter, therefere, to avoid being run down, having cut away and lost an anchor, set sail without delay ; and, since it was dangerous to drift about in that place, made haste to get further out to sea, and so that we might not lose sight of our pinnace, we determined to follow."
9. Poetic was the appropriateness of the names of the two vessels- the Ark and the Dove-that carried the first settlers of Maryland to this land of love, charity and liberty- where, for the first time in all the world, the banner of civil and religious freedom was to be unfurled, and the cross planted in token of the dedication of the Province to the cause of religion and of the mission of the colony to convert the savages to the doctrines of Christianity.
10. A storm separated the two ships, and it was six months before they met. The Dove, a ship of four hundred tons, was overtaken by a second storm, in which, at the very beginning, the mainsail was torn in the middle from top to bottom, a part being blown into the sea and was recovered with difficulty. "At this juncture," states Father White, " the minds of the bravest amongst us, both passengers and sailors, were struck with terror ; for they acknowledged that they had seen other ships wrecked in a less severe storm ; but now, this hurricane called forth the prayers and vows of the Catholics in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Her Immaculate Conception, of Saint Ignatius, the Patron Saint of Maryland, and all the guardian angels of the same country ; and each one hastened to purge his soul by the Sacrament of Penance. For all control over the rudder being lost, the ship now drifted about like a dish in water, at the mercy of the winds and waves, until God showed us a way of safety. At first, I confess, I had been engrossed with the apprehension of the ship's being lost, and of losing my own life; but, after I had spent some time, in praying more fervently than was my usual custom, and had set forth to Christ, the Lord, to the Blessed Virgin, St. Ignatius, and the angels of Maryland, that the purpose of this journey was to glorify the Blood of our
setting forth of the expedition ? (c) From what place did the expedition set forth ?
PARAGRAPH 9. (#) What were the names of the two vessels that carried the Maryland settlers ? PARAGRAPH 10. (4) What separated the two ships ? (b) How were the settlers and sailors affected by this storm ? (c) How did the Catholic colonists act ? (d) What did Father White do ? (e) When the storm ceased how did Father White consider it ?
5
A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
Redeemer in the salvation of barbarians, and, also, to raise up a kingdom for the Saviour (if he would condescend to prosper our poor efforts), to consecrate another gift to the Immaculate Virgin. His Mother, and many things to the same effect ; great comfort shone in upon my soul, and, at the same time, so firm a conviction that we should be delivered, not only from this storm, but from every other during that voyage, that, with me, there could be no room left for doubt. I had betaken myself to prayer when the sea was raging its worst, and (may this be to the glory of God), I had scarcely finished, when they observed that the storm was abating. That, indeed, brought me to a new frame of mind, and filled me, at the same time, with great joy and admiration, since I understood, much more clearly, the greatness of God's love towards the people of Maryland, to whom your Reverence has sent us."
11. After a circuitons voyage, touching at the Barbadoes-the old route, on the 27th of February, 1634, the Dove came to anchor at Point Comfort, in Virginia. Remaining there for eight or nine days, the settlers proceeded to the Potomac River, giving the names of saints, Gregory and Michael, to the two points that formed the mouth of the river, and came to an island, called Heron island, and anchored near another called St. Clements. Here the settlers landed on the 25th day of March, 1634. Here the holy fathers who accompanied the expedition, cele- brated mass, and, after they had observed this rite, they took upon their shoulders a great cross which they had hewn out of a tree, and, advancing in order to the appointed place, with the assistance of the Governor, and his associates and other Catholics, they erected this emblem of christianity, humbly reciting, on bended knees, the Litanies of the Sacred Cross, with great emotion.
12. When Governor Calvert learned that many princes were subject to the Emperor of Piscataway, he paid a visit to him. The Governor found the young king's uncle and guardian, Archihu, who willingly listened to Father Altham, who had accompanied the Governor. The Father explained, through an interpreter, Captain Henry Fleet, the errors of the heathen, and informed the chief that the settlers had come thither, not to make war, but out of good will towards them, in order to impart civilized instruction to his ignorant race, and to show the way to heaven. The chief said he was pleased at their coming, and, when Father Altham promised to come again, the chief replied : "That is just what I wish, we will eat at the same table ; my followers too shall go to hunt for you, and we will have all things in common."
PARAGRAPH 11. (a) What route did the settlers take ? (b) When did the ships come to anchor, and where? (c) To what place did they then proceed ? (d) On what day did they land ? (e) What religions rites did they perform ?
PARAGRAPH 12. (a) To whom did Governor Calvert and Father Altham pay a visit ? (b) Whom accompanied the Governor as interperter to the Emporer of Piscataway ? (c) What did Father Altham give the emperor as the reason of the Englishmen for coming to Maryland ? (d) What reply did the Indian chief make to these explanations ?
* This narrative was written to Father White's religious superior. Rev. Father General Mutins Vitellesetis, at Rome.
6
A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
CHAPTER SECOND.
THE FOUNDING OF SAINT MARY'S.
1. After his visit to Archihu, Governor Calvert went to Piscataway, where all the inhabitants flew to arms. About five hundred Indians, equipped with bows, stationed themselves on the shore with their Emperor; but, after signals of peace were made, the Emperor, laying aside all fear, came on board the Governor's pinnace, and when the Emperor learned of the friendly disposition of the settlers towards his people, he gave them permission to dwell where they pleased.
2. In the meantime, while the Governor was absent from St. Clements, the Indians, growing bolder, began to mingle more freely with the sentinels of the settlers, for they kept watch, by day and night, to guard, from sudden attacks, their men, who were cutting wood, as well as watching the vessels they were building, for which they had brought separate planks and ribs. The admiration that the savages had for all they saw, gave the settlers great pleasure. The Indians had especial wonder of a place where a tree had grown large enough to be carved into a ship of such huge size,- they supposing it was cut from a single tree, like an Indian canoe. The cannon, sounding to them like thunder when it was discharged, filled them with astonishment.
3. Leaving St. Clements, the settlers moved up the Potomac about twenty-seven miles, to a river which they named St. George, and landed on the right side of the estuary, and going in about a mile from the shore, the settlers laid out the plan of a city, and named it St. Mary's. In order to avoid every appearance of injustice, and to afford no opportunity for hostility, the settlers bought from King Yocomico, who governed that country, thirty miles of the land, giving, in exchange, axes, hatchets, rakes, and several yards of cloth. The district the settlers named Augusta Carolina, which, in time, became St. Mary's county. The reason why the settlers obtained the land from the Indians upon such easy terms was that the Susquehannock Indians, a warlike tribe, and the bitterest enemy of King Yocomico, had made frequent inroads upon the inhabitants, and had ravaged the country, and had driven the inhabitants, from their fear of future injury, to seek homes elsewhere. They moved daily away, leaving the settlers their houses, land and cultivated fields.
PARAGRAPH I. (a) Whom did Governor Calvert visit after his meeting with the Piscataways ? (b) How did the Indians treat the Governor ?
PARAGRAPH 2. (a) What was the conduct of the Indians at St. Clements ? (b) What effect did the vessels and buildings have upon the Indians ? (c) From what did they think the ship had been cut ?
PARAGRAPH 3. () To what place did the settlers remove from St. Clements ? (b) In order to avoid the appearance of injustice, what did the settlers do ? (c) What name was given the country by the settlers ? (d) What was the reason that the settlers obtained the land from the Indians upon such easy terms ?
7
A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
4. The first act of the Governor was to cause two buildings to be erected, one for a guard house, and the other for a store-house. Some of the colonists were set to work to make ready for planting corn. A few days after the settlement was made, Governor Calvert received a friendly visit from Sir John Harvey, the Governor of Virginia. While Governor Harvey was at St. Mary's, several Indian kings came to the place. To please the Indians, Governor Calvert gave an entertainment on board of the ship in the river. The king of Patuxent was placed between the two Gov- ernors as the guest of honor. A Patuxent Indian coming aboard at the time, and, seeing his king thus environed, started back, refused to enter the cabin, thinking his king a prisoner, and would have leaped overboard had not the chief come out and have satisfied him that he was in no danger.
5. The store-house being finished, the Governor, in order to impress the Indians with respect for the settlers, directed that the unloading of the stores from the ship and the bringing of them to the store-house be done with pomp and ceremony. The colors were brought on shore, the colonists paraded under arms, vollies of musketry were fired and answered by discharges of cannon on shipboard. The two kings of Patuxent and Yoamaco were, with many other Indians, present at this ceremony, and the chief of Patuxent advised the Indians of Yoamaco to be careful to keep the league that they had made with the English. He was so much impressed with the kindness of the settlers to him, that, when he took his leave of them, he made this remarkable speech : "I love the English so well, that if they should go about to kill me, if I had so much breath as to speak, I would command the people not to revenge my death ; for I know they would not do such a thing, except it were through my fault."
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