USA > Maryland > Anne Arundel County > A history of Anne Arundel County in Maryland : adapted for use in the schools of the county > Part 4
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PARAGRAPH 1. (u) To what was the settlement of Anne Arundel due? (b) State these events? PARAGRAPH 2. (a) In what year did the Puritans begin to negotiate for a settlement in Mary- land? (b) On what terms was land to be given them? (c) Did the Puritans agree to this?
PARAGRAPH 3. (a) In what year did Bennett's company arrive? (b) From whence did they come? (c) How many families were they? (d) Where did they settle? (e) What was the settle-
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
The town was to have been here, because the lots were spoken as " The Town Land at Greenberry's Point." Subsequently lots were located on the present site of Annapolis. The only one that can be recognized at this date was that of Thomas Todd. The water front of his lot began at a point on the harbor line and ran up to the month of Spa Creek.
4. The Puritans who formed this colony were, with few exceptions, the sturdy sons of the English yeomanry. Warrosquoyackeq County, or Isle Wight, afterward called Norfolk County, Va., lying south of the James, was the centre of the Puritan district, from whence the settlers of Providence came. Edward Bennett, a wealthy London merchant, who had obtained in 1621, a large grant of land on the Nansemond River, south of the James, when he came to Virginia, had brought with him a con- siderable number of Puritans. Edward Bennett was their patriarch, Rev. William Bennett, a relative, their spiritual leader, and Richard Bennett, son of Edward, became the leader of the Virginia Puritans when they made their exodus from Virginia into Maryland.
5. Descended from this hardy stock of sturdiest English, indoctrinated in the tenets of their austere faith, inheritors of trials and persecutions, their subsequent rebellious yet courageous conduct in Maryland was the natural sequence of their blood, religion and education.
6. Soon after their arrival at Providence, Governor Stone urged upon the Puritans the oath of allegiance to Lord Baltimore, telling them unless they took it, " they must have no land, nor abiding in the Province."
7. The Puritans refused, haggling especially at the expressions in the oath, attributing to Lord Baltimore royal jurisdiction and "absolute dominion," which latter "they exceedingly scrupled." They also objected to the oath, they declared, because "they must swear to uphold that government and those officers who were sworn to countenance and uphold anti-Christ-in plain words expressed in the office's oath-the Roman Catholic religion."
8. Lord Baltimore's friend, Mr. John Langford, very aptly replied to these · objections that " there was nothing promised by my lord or Captain Stone to them, but what was performed. They were first acquainted by Captain Stone, before they came there with that oath of fidelity which was to be taken by those who would have any land there from his lordship ; nor had they any regret to the oath, till they were as much refreshed with their entertainment there, as the snake in the fable was with the countryman's breast ; for which some of them are equally thankful.
ment called? (f) Where were lots subsequently located ? (g) Whose is the ouly lot that can be recognized at this date?
PARAGRAPH 4. (a) Who were the Puritans that formed this colony? (b) From what county in Virginia had they come? (c) Who was their patriarch? Their spiritual guide? Their leader?
PARAGRAPH 5. (a) What was the natural sequence of their, blood, religion and education? PARAGRAPH 6. (a) What did Governor Stone urge upon the Puritans?
PARAGRAPH 7. (a) What did the Puritans refuse to do? Why?
PARAGRAPH 8. (a) What reply did Mr. John G. Langford make to this objection?
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
But it is now, it seems, thought by some of these people, too much below them to take an oath to the Lord Proprietary of that Province, though many Protestants, of much better quality, have taken it, and (which is more than can be hoped for some of these men), kept it. As to the government there, they knew it very well before they came thither ; and, if they had not liked it, they might have foreborne coming or staying there; for they were never forced to either. The chief officers, under my lord there, are Protestants. The jurisdiction exercised there by them is no other than what is warranted by his lordship's patent of that Province, which gives him the power and privileges of a count palatine there, depending on the supreme authority of England, with power to make laws with the people's consent ; without which powers and privileges his lordship would not have undertaken the plantation, and have been at so great a charge, and run so many hazards he hath done for it." ** * * "There are none sworn to uphold anti-Christ, as Mr. Strong falsely suggests ; nor doth the oath of fidelity bind any man to maintain any other juris- diction or dominion of my lord's, than what is granted by his patent. Though some of these people (it seems) think it unfit that my lord should have such a juris- diction and dominion there, yet they, it seems, by their arrogant and insolent pro- ceedings, think it fit for them to exercise far more absolute jurisdiction and dominion there than my Lord Baltimore ever did ; nor are they contented with freedom for themselves of conscience, person and estate (all of which are established to them by law there, and enjoyed by them in as ample a manner as ever any people did in any place in the world), unless they may have liberty to debarr others from the like freedom, and that they may domineer and do what they please."
9. So obstinately did these people refuse to comply with the obligation they took to obtain an asylum in Maryland, they remained entirely outside the pale of Lord Baltimore's government, and obstructed the formation of a county for a year.
CHAPTER EIGHTH.
THE COURTS OF ANNE ARUNDEL ESTABLISHED.
1. Providence by April, 1650, had recovered sufficiently from its scruples of conscience to elect delegates to the General Assembly that convened at St. Mary's on the 6th of that month.
PARAGRAPH 9. (a) How long did the Puritans remain outside of Lord Baltimore's government? PARAGRAPH I. (f) When did Providence elect delegates to the Legislature?
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
2. The Governor's return from Providence was, "By the lientenant, &c., of Maryland. The freemen of that part of this province of Maryland, now called Providence, being by my appointment duly summoned to this present assembly, did unanimously make choice of Mr. Paddington and Mr. James Cox, for their burgesses, I being there in person at the time."
3. The reconciliation, effected by Governer Stone, promised to be permanent. The House chose Mr. James Cox of Providence, their speaker, and the Assembly passed the following :
" An Act for the erecting of Providence into a county by the name of Anna- rundell County.
" Be it enacted by the Lord Proprietary, by and with the assent and approbation of the Upper and Lower House of this Assembly, That, that part of the province of Maryland, on the west side of the Bay of Chesapeake, over against the Isle of Kent, formerly called by the name of Providence by the inhabitants there residing and inhabiting this year, shall henceforth be created into a shire, or county, by the name of Annarnudel county, and by that hereafter to be ever called."
4. It was probably so called from the maiden name of Lady Baltimore then lately deceased, Lady Anne Arundel, the danghter of Lord Arundel, of Wardour, whom Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, had married. After the adjourment of the General Assembly, Governor Stone, in July, 1650, visited Providence, and organized it into a county, under the name of Anne Arundel.
5. A commission was issued by the Governor to Mr. Edward Lloyd, gentleman, appointing him "to be commander of Anne Arundel County, until the Lord Pro- prietary shonld signify to the contrary." James Homewood, Thomas Meares, Thomas Marsh, George Puddington, Matthew Hawkins, James Merryman and Henry Carlyn were, with Commander Lloyd, appointed commissioners of the county.
6. The commission of Commander Lloyd gave him, with the approval of the other commissioners, the right to issue "warrants and commissions, and for all other matters of judicature, with whom (the commissioners), you, Commander Lloyd, are to consult in all matters of importance concerning your said county."
7. This commission was signed by Governor Stone at Providence, July 30, 1650.
8. On July 29th, Governor Stone had given a commission to the Commander of Anne Arundel, anthorizing him "to grant warrants for land within the said
PARAGRAPH 2. (a) What was the Governor's return from Providence?
PARAGRAPH 3. (a) How did the reconciliation promise to be? (b) Whom did the House choose for Speaker? () What Act did this Assembly pass? (d) Of what part of the Province was Ann Arundell County composed ?
PARAGRAPH 4. (@) Why was the county called Ann Arundell? (b) When did Governor Stone organize the county?
PARAGRAPH 5. (a) To whom was a commission issued by the Governor? (b) Who were appointed commissioners of the county?
PARAGRAPH 6. (a) What right did the commission of Commander Lloyd give him?
PARAGRAPH 7. (a) What was the date of the Commission?
PARAGRAPH 8. (a) What commission had been given Commander Lloyd on July 29, 1650?
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
county to adventurers or planters, according to his lordship's conditions of planta- tion, whereupon such land shall happen to be due to such adventurers or planters respectively." " The warrants, together with the particular demands or assignment upon which the same shall be granted, to be entered upon record by his lordship's secretary of the said province."
9. Though the political storm had calmed, all was not well in the infant colony. The Indian was still a near neighbor, and though generally peaceable, his savage nature had displayed itself in the murder of some of the citizens of the new county in a most ernel and inhuman manner.
10. These murderers were supposed to be Susquehannocks, a powerful and war-like tribe, who inhabited all that section which extends from the Patuxent to the Susquehanna River on the Western Shore, and all that part that lies between the Choptank and Susquehanna Rivers on the Eastern side of the Bay. The General Assembly of 1650, passed an Act to punish the murderers and their abettors.
CHAPTER NINTH.
THE PURITANS REFUSE TO SEND DELEGATES TO THE LEGISLATURE OF 1651.
1. The Puritans who settled at Annapolis were a restless set with itching ears ; who seemed never so satisfied, as when they were in open opposition to the powers that were.
2. The General Assembly of 1650 had modified the oath of allegiance to Lord Baltimore, carefully expunging the objectionable phrases "absolute lord" and "royal jurisdiction." In their places was inserted "that they would defend and maintain all such of his lordship's just and lawful right, title, interest, privileges, jurisdictions, prerogatives, propriety and dominion over and in the said Province, &c., not anywise understood to infringe or prejudice liberty of conscience in point of religion."
3. This, for a time, tranquilized the settlers at Providence, but the next year, 1661, when they were called upon to send delegates to the General Assembly, they peremptorily refused.
PARAGRAPH 9. (a) How did the Indian display his savage nature at this period ?
PARAGRAPH 10. (@) By what Indians were these murders supposed to have been committed? (b) What section did the Susquehannochs inhabit?
PARAGRAPH 1. (a) What was the character of the Puritans who settled at Annapolis? PARAGRAPH 2. (a) How had the General Assembly modified the oath ?
PARAGRAPH 3. (a) What effect had this upon the settlers?
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
4. The reason for this refusal has not been preserved, but it is generally thought it was because the Puritans believed that the proprietary government would be overthrown by Cromwell who was steadily advancing to power in England.
5. Lord Baltimore heard of the conduct of the Puritans with indignation. Under date of August 20, 1651, he wrote to " William Stone, Esq., his lieutenant of his said Province of Maryland, and to his right trusty and well beloved, teh Upper and Lower Houses of the General Assembly there, and to all other of his officers and inhabitants of his Province," expressing his "wonder at a message which he understood was lately sent by one Mr. Lloyd, from some lately seated at Anne Arundel within his said Province of Maryland to his General Assembly, held in St. Mary's in March last, and his unwillingness to impute either to the author or deliver thereof so malign a sense of ingratitude and other ill affections as it may seem to bear; conceiving rather, that it proceeded from some apprehensions in them at the time, grounded upon some reports in these parts of a dissolution or resignation here (in England) of his patent and right to that Province." After declaring these rumors to be false, and referring the Puritans to Mr. Harrison, their former pastor, who was then in England, for the truth of these assertions, Lord Baltimore added, "in consideration of a better compliance from these people with his government there for the future, he should not any further expostulate, or make any further reflection on that message, till further occasion given him by them, and if such admonition did not prevail then, that he would make use of his authority, with the assistance of well affected persons, to compel such factions and turbulent spirits to a better compliance with the lawful government there." He accordingly willed and required " his lieutenant to proceed with all such as shall be for the future refractory on that kind ; and in case any of the English inhabitants of that Province should, at any time hereafter, refuse or neglect to send burgesses to our General Assembly, there being lawfully summoned for that purpose, he wills and requires all the members of the said Assembly, which shall lawfully meet upon such summons to proceed, as they ought, as they may lawfully do, in all business belonging to the General Assembly there, notwithstanding any such refusal or neglect as aforesaid, and to fine all such refusers or neglectors according to their demerits ; and, moreover, in case of their persistency in such refusal or neglect, then, that they be declared enemies to the public peace of the Province, and rebels to the lawful government thereof, and be proceeded against accordingly."
6. The conduct of these Puritans was especially ungrateful, since, received by Lord Baltimore, when professors of the Protestant religion had refused them domicil, their asylum in Maryland had cost Lord Baltimore the enmity of Charles
PARAGRAPH 4. (a) What is generally thought to be the reason why the Puritans refused to take the oath of allegiance?
PARAGRAPH 5. (a) How was Lord Baltimore affected by the conduct of the Puritans? (b) What did he will and require of his lieutenant?
PARAGRAPH 6. (a) What was the character of the conduet of the Puritans? (b) What had Lord Baltimore's tolerauce of them cost him? (e) What did the exiled King do in consequence of his enmity?
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
Il, then in exile upon the continent. So great was the displeasure of the young king, that Lord Baltimore had given the Puritans a settlement in Maryland, that he, the natural friend of the proprietary, in spite of Lord Baltimore's undoubted right to name his lieutenant in the Province, appointed Sir William Davenant, Governor of Maryland, alleging in the commission that Davenant was so appointed " because the Lord Baltimore did visibly adhere to the rebels in England, and admitted all kinds of secretaries and schismaties, and ill-affected persons in that Province."
CHAPTER TENTH.
THE FIRST SETTLERS OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
1. From the rent rolls of Lord Baltimore, the names of the first settlers of Anne Arundel County, who secured grants of land, are obtained. The first name on the roll was for land on Herring Creek Hundred, 600 acres, surveyed for William Avres. Captain Edward Carter, on October 23, 1651, made a survey near Herring Creek Bay, of six hundred acres. Others who obtained land in this hundred between the years 1651 and 1663, were : In 1651, Richard Bennett, William Parker, William Avers, Edward Selby ; in 1653, William Parrott ; in 1659, Richard Gott, William Paget, Anthony Galloway, Richard Wells; in 1661, Christopher Birckhead ; in 1662, George Pascall ; in 1663, Stephen Benson, Richard Wells, William Crosby, John Burrage, Robt. Paca, Thos. Ford. William Hunt, Fran. Holland, William Hunton, Armiger Greenwood, Jos. Morely, Nathan Smith, Saml. Chew, Thos. Pratt, Christopher Birckhead, John Wilson, Ferdinando Battee and Andrew Skinner. These settlements were all on, or near, Herring Creek Bay.
2. The land grants on West River Hundred, were from 1651 to 1663 :- In 1651, to Robt. Harwood ; in 1652, to Hugh Drew, Thomas Sparrow, John Brown, Christopher Rowles, John Mosely, John Clark, Bartho. Herring ; in 1659, to James Bonner, John Shaw, Thos. Parsons, John Cumber, Thos. Ford ; in 1661, to Thos. Hooker, *Thomas Taylor ; in 1662, to Richard Talbott, Richard Galloway, Thos. Mules, Edward Parrish, Geo. Shipworth ; in 1663, to Richard Ewen, John Watkins, Thos. Parsons, Thos. Pratt, John Baldwin. These grants were in the neighborhood of West and " Road " Rivers.
PARAGRAPH 1. (a) From what are the names of the first settlers of Anne Arundel obtained? (b) What sertion is named first on the list of land grants? (c) Whose was the first survey? In what year? (d) Name some who obtained other grants?
PARAGRAPH 2. (a) When was West River Hundred settled? (b) To whom was the first grant made? In what year? (f) Name some of the other settlers who had grants of land?
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
3. Sonth River Hundred. These were the grants of land made in the South River Hundred between the years 1650 and 1663 : The first was January 6, 1650, to Richard Beard, 200 acres on the south side of South River. The next grant was to George Puddington, 300 acres, and 200 acres to John Edwards. In 1651, to William Burges, Milton Mansfield, Thos. Howell ; in 1652, to Ettis Brown, Edward Selby, William Pyther, Patrick Gossinon, Jerome Hasling ; in 1658, to Edward Cox, John Collier, Thomas Benson, George Wastill ; in 1659, to John Freeman, Marion Duvall, Arch. Arbuckle, Richard Cheney, John Brewer; to Edwin Townhill, Adam Delapp, William Pennington, Richard Cheyney, William Galloway, Tobias Butler; in 1661, to Richard Beard, John Freeman, Ann Corell, George Nettleford, George Walker, John Larkins ; in 1662, to Dennis Macconongh, Robert Love, Richard Wiggins ; in 1663, to Nicholas Gassaway, John Gray, Jerome White, Esq., Robert Proctor. These grants were land chiefly on either side of South River.
4. Middle Neck Hundred. These grants included land near South River and on the south side of Severn River. The first grant was 600 acres on June 21, 1650, to Zephamiah Smith, and was located near South River. The next survey was "on ye south side of Severn River," of 650 acres, made on July 3, 1650, for Mathew Howard. Other grants in Middle Neck Hundred were: In 1650, to William Crouch, 150 acres on south side of Severn, and to George Sanghier ; in 1651, July 3, to Thomas Todd, and says the rent roll book, " on ve south side of Severn River." This is part of Annapolis Town, and "part the Libertys begins at ye north east point of the Town, and extends along the river to ye first creek to ve west and then back lines to ye beginning." The survey contained 100 acres; in 1651, to James Horner, Zephamiah Smith, Nicholas Wyat, Richard Acton, Peter Porter, Christopher Oatly, Thomas Howell, James Warner ; in 1652, to William Harnesse, on the north side of South River ; in 1658, to Thomas Gates, John Norwood ; in 1659, to William Galloway, Tobias Butler, Thomas Brown, John Collier ; in 1661, to John Baldwin, Samuel Whitiers, Lawrence Richardson, Edward Hope, James Warner and Henry Ridgely ; in 1662, to Nicholas Wyat, Cornelius Howard, Samuel Howard, John Howar I, Charles Stephens, Walter Smith, John Edwards; in 1663, to Jacob Brem- ington, William Frizell, Patrick Dunkin, Ralph Salmon, John James, Henry Sewell, Thos. Underwood, Edward, Joshua and John Dorsey, Richard Moss. In no par- ticular Hundred, in 1650, Edward Hugh was granted 170 acres.
5. Broad and Town Neck Hundred was located between Severn and Magothy Rivers. On June 15, 1650, a grant of land was made to Robert Burle, 450 acres, on ye no. side of Chesapeake Bay ; Abraham Holman also had a grant this year ; in 1651, to John Covell, Ralph and Win. Hawkins; in 1652, to Richard Ewen, 600 acres near Fishing Creek, on ye Bay side, with title above ve no. point of Severn
PARAGRAPH 3. (a) When were the earliest grants of land made in the South River Hundred? (b) To whom was the first grant made? (e) Name others who had grants in this Hundred?
PARAGRAPH 4. (1) What land did grants in Middle Neck Hundred include? (b) To whom was the first grant made? In what year? («) Name others who had grants in Middle Neck Hundred?
PARAGRAPH 5. (a) Where was Broad and Town Neck Hundred located? (b) To whom was the first grant of land made? In what year? (c) Name others who had grants of land in this Hundred?
.
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
River : also, to Richard Young and James Homewood ; in 1659, to John Hawkins, Philip Harwood, James Rigby, William Fuller, Elizabeth Strong and Matt. Clark ; in 1658, to Nathaniel Utie ; in 1661, to William Cronch ; in 1662, to Henry Wool- church, William Hopkins, William Pyther, Richard Deaner, Thomas Underwood, Alice Durand, Robert Taylor, Absalom Dawson, William Stayd, Thomas Turner, Robert Lusby ; in 1663, to Matt. Howard, Edward Skidmore, Robert Tyler, Abraham Dawson, Sarah Marsh, John Aiken, John Green, John Homewood and Emanuel Drew.
CHAPTER ELEVENTH.
THE ANIMOSITIES OF THE OLD WORLD TRANSPLANTED IN THE NEW.
1. In 1649, when Charles I was executed, Thomas Greene, who was acting Governor during the absence of Governor Stone, caused the Prince of Wales to be proclaimed in Maryland as the "undoubted, rightful heir to all his father's dominions." This proclamation was issued on the 15th of November, and, on the same day, another was published "to further the common rejoicing of the inhabi- tants on that occasion," declaring a general pardon to all the inhabitants of the Province, who had committed any criminal offense.
2. This proclamation and the general rejoicing were not in consonance with the sentiments of the Puritan adventurers on the banks of the Severn, and this latent feeling was exhibited in their refusal to send delegates to the General Assembly, and, a little later, a more forcible proof of their political animosities was given.
3. The cause of the commonwealth triumphant in England, Cromwell turned his attention to the American plantations, and commissioners were sent out to take possession to all that were unfavorable to the Protector. Maryland was not named in the Act of Parliament ; but Lord Baltimore's enemies contrived to have that colony mentioned in the instructions to the commissioners.
4. Richard Bennett and the rebellious William Clayborne, who had given so much trouble to the infant colony of Maryland, were two of the commissioners.
PARAGRAPH 1. (@) What did Governor Greene proclaim upon the exeention of Charles the First? (b) What further proclamation did Governor Greene make?
PARAGRAPH 2. (@) Was this proclamation and general rejoicing in consonance with the feelings of the Puritans of the Severn?
PARAGRAPH 3. (4) What action did Cromwell take for Maryland? (b) Had Maryland been first named in the Act of Parliament? (c) Who contrived to have it inserted?
PARAGRAPH 4. Who were these Commissioners?
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
5. In March, 1652, at the head of an armed force, the commissioners entered Maryland. They proposed to Governor Stone and the council of the Province, " that they should all remain in their places, conforming themselves to the laws of the commonwealth of England in point of government only, and not infringing the Lord Baltimore's just rights." Governor Stone and the balance of Lord Balti- more's officers of government "declared that they did, in all humility, submit them- selves to the government of the commonwealth of England, in chiefe under God."
6. From the proposition, however, to issue writs in the name of the common- wealth, instead of Lord Baltimore's, Governor Stone and his counsellors " desired to be excused, because they did not conceive the parliament intended not to divest the Lord Baltimore of his right in his Province, and that they understood out of England, that the Council of State intended not, that any alteration should be made in Maryland ; that the King's name was never used, heretofore, in said writs, but that they had always been in the name of the Lord Proprietary, according to the privileges of his patent ever since the beginning of that plantation."
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