USA > Maryland > Anne Arundel County > A history of Anne Arundel County in Maryland : adapted for use in the schools of the county > Part 15
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EASTPORT.
9. This town contains about one thousand inhabitants. The first dwelling-house built on it was erected in 1857 by Henry Medford, and still stands near the Marine Railway. The Mutual Building Association, of Annapolis, James Revell, President, abont 1867, purchased the larger part of the tract of land, now occupied by the town, made a plat of the place, and built a bridge from Annapolis to Horn Point, as it was then called. This company developed the town, though its growth was. at first, slow. Since the large additions to the Naval Academy, the sale of lots and the building of houses has greatly increased in Eastport. About the year 1888, a petition was signed by a number of the oldest inhabitants asking that a postoffice be established at the village under the name of Eastport. This name was suggested by Mr. Charles J. Murphy who was interested in developing the town, and was so chosen because Eastport was the name of his native city in Maine. The town of Eastport stands upon historic ground. Here in 1655-6, for the first time in America, Englishmen met Englishmen in deadly array. Here were Revolutionary Fortifica- tions, and here stood Fort Horn in the war of 1812. This was named after Con- gressman Van Horn, an ardent friend of Annapolis. The real historic name of the village, as tested by the rule usually observed in Maryland, should be Van Horn City.
PARAGRAPH 8. (a) Where is Odenton located? (b) Can you give a history of the village?
PARAGRAPH 9. (a) Where is Eastport located? (b) Give a history of this town.
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THE CARROLL MANSION.
Now owned by the Order of Redemptorists. This was the residence of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. It is a very ancient building, some portion of it has been located to have been built somewhere about the year 1732.
THE PACA DWELLING.
Erected about the year 1770 by Gov. William Paca, signer of the Declaration of Independence and Governor of Maryland. Now occupied in part as the Carvel House.
NEW YORK LIBRARY
17 . LENOX ANO الشعب
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
GALLOWAYS.
10. Galloways, a town of three hundred and fifty inhabitants, is situated on West River, in the First Election District of Anne Arundel Connty. It was settled about 1845, and was named after John Galloway, who had a large tract of land in this neighborhood under a grant from Lord Baltimore. The owner of this tract was the first person to import clover and timothy to this country. One Mr. Crouch was the first person to build a house in Galloways. The earliest settlers, beside the pioneer builder, were A. C. Gibbs, Wm. F. Hause, Captain Tucker, Stephen Lee Linthicum, Augustus Lerch, Emile E. Lerch. George Gale, once the owner of the land on which Galloways stands, did much toward inducing and assisting people to settle here, and, for a long time, and even at the present time, the place is known as, and called, "Galesville." In July, 1879, through the recommendation and influence of Hon. Alexander B. Hagner, a postoffice was established at Galloways. The name was suggested by Judge Hagner. Emile E. Lerch was appointed the first postmaster of the.town.
ST. MARGARETS.
11. The village of St. Margarets takes its name from St. Margareas Parish, whose church is in the village. The Parish is supposed to have taken its name from St. Margarets Chapel, Westminster, England. The first church of this parish of which there is anything known, stood on the north side of Severn, near the northern terminus of the Short Line Railroad Bridge. This church was burned down some time in the first half of the 19th century. The present is the third church on the same site in St. Margarets. The second one, a wooden one, was burned down. Mr. John Ridont sent his workmen to repair the church, and they, accidentally, set fire to it. A small brick church was thereupon erected, and on the question of building a new one a mighty dissension occurred in the parish that went to the courts for settlement. The outcome of the contention was the building of the present church. St. Margarets, though venerable in name, is an origin of the present century, probably three-quarters of a century okdl. The settlers who made the village, built in the annexed order of time : James T. Tate, G. Duvall, Levi Burke, Zachariah Duvall, the Vestry of the Parish in building the rectory, Zacha- riah T. Ridout and Frank Duvall.
GLEN BURNIE.
12. This village owes its origin to the joint efforts of Henry S. Mancha, of Caroline County, and George T. Melvin, of Annapolis. They entered into a con- tract with John Glenn, who controlled a tract of land of 3,000 acres, part of which is now the site of Glen Burnie, to develop this section. The land lay on the Short Line Railroad and south of Brooklyn, five miles. The place was known as Tracey's
PARAGRAPH 10. (a) Where is Galloways located? (b) Give a history of the town.
PARAGRAPH 11. (4) Where is the village of St. Margarets located? (b) Give a history of the village.
PARAGRAPH 12. (a) Where is Glen Burnie located? (b) Give a history of the village?
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
Station and Myrtle Postoffice. The traet bordered on a stream, with excellent water power. In selecting a title of a River in Scotland, for the new town, it carried with it, as appropriate, the name of Glenn. The promoters of the town widened the main street and opened an eighty-foot avenue, advertised and made sales of many lots : induced a number of familes to settle ; established a few industries. A Prot- estant Episcopal Chapel, Town Hall, two stores, Smith and Wheelwright shops, Tile and Terra Cotta Factory, were built in the first two years. The County has built a fine briek School House, and through the enterprise of Dr. T. H. Brayshaw, one of the first settlers, a new Protestant Episcopal Church was ereeted in 1904 out of the material of old Marley Chapel, which was originally built in 1730, with brick that came from England. Some of the first settlers who are still residents : Dr. T. H. Brayshaw, Edward and Thomas Woodfall and family, florist and contractor, Gustav Adolph Lots, florist, Frank Mewshaw, the merchant, W. F. Knethe, John H. Tilling, the Master Smith and Wheelwright. Amongst the other industries are A. C. P. Gassinger's turning factory, Wagner's barrel factory. It is the home of Rufus D. Phelps, the County Commissioner from 1903 to 1905. He built a fine residence here in 1904. The Methodist Protestant Chapel and the Maryland Rifle Range are in the suburbs of Glen Burnie.
CAMP PAROLE.
13. Camp Parole was the outgrowth of a camp for paroled Federal Prisoners. Thirty thousand, captured by the Confederates, have been camped there at one time. This camp was established about the year 1862, and the village grew from this military establishment. The land was the property of the Welch family.
MILLERSVILLE.
14. This village was named after George Miller, who built a store and resi- dence there shortly after the railroad was established. The land belonged formerly to John Miller, father of George. The origin of the village was early in the forties.
CENTRALIA.
15. This town, located at the Annapolis Junction, was started as Centralia in the year 1864, by a promoter named Hull. The title of the village came from its being in a eentral situation from Washington and Baltimore.
DAVIDSONVILLE.
16. This village that lies in the first district was settled about 1835. Thomas Davidson, son of James Davidson, building the first house there on land that he owned. It has two churches, a Methodist and a Protestant Episcopal, and a
PARAGRAPH 13. (a) Give a history of Camp Parole.
PARAGRAPH 14. (a) Give a history of Millersville.
PARAGRAPH 15. ((1) Give a history of Centralia.
PARAGRAPH 16. (a) Give a history of Davidsonville.
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
Catholic Church is in the vicinity. A public school is located here, postoffice, and it has telephone facilities .. The village's nearest railroad station is Camp Parole, seven miles distant, and it is four miles from navigable water, Taylorsville being its closest landing, on Sonth River.
CHAPTER THIRTY-EIGHTH.
ANNAPOLIS AND ANNE ARUNDEL THE RESORT OF EXCURSIONISTS.
1. Annapolis and Anne Arundel, at large, have been, for many years, the resort of excursionists, the broad rivers of the county and the majestic Chesapeake giving ready access to their beautiful groves and historic sites at make city and county · times, while the larger ceasionally there were hosts. One notable ly 5, 1847, having on bian Ritleinen, Capt. . The excursionists nt of the heavy load the passengers con- dly manner in the city. inviting and interesting. Fifty years ago, and even in ' number of visitors conducted themselves with decor] those who behaved with disregard of the rights of occasion of this character was the visit of the Jewess board the Eagle Artillerists, Col. Geo. P. Kane, and tk Robert McAllister, and abont seven hundred other pa had been disappointed in not reaching St. Michaels, 01 and the disabled condition of the steamer. While ma dueted themselves with propriety, others acted in a diso.
2. In this spirit some of the excursionists returned to the boat and a body of citizens gathered at the wharf to see the steamer depart. From the deck some one threw into the crowd of citizens on the wharf two halves of a lemon. This was all that was needed to give vent to the bad feelings that had been engendered on both sides. A violent encounter then ocenrred between the citizens and the excursion- ists, in which bricks and firearms were used, the soldiers on the Jewess using their guns upon the citizens. Mr. Daniel T. Hyde, of Anapolis, used his best endeavors to prevent bloodshed, and acted in a most heroic manner, in the end going to the wharf and casting lose the steamer's hawser, in order that she might leave and thus stop the conflict.
PARAGRAPH 1. (a) Of whom is Annapolis and Anne Arundel the resort? (b) What gives access to their beautiful groves and historic sites? (c) How did these excursionists conduct themselves fifty years ago? (d) When did a notable riot occur between citizens of Annapolis and excursionists? (e) Who were the excursionists?
PARAGRAPH 2. (a) What started the riot? (b) Who used his best endeavors to prevent blood- shed? (c) How did he act?
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
3. Col. Kane was at dinner in Annapolis, when he heard the report of fire- arms. He started immediately for the Jewess. Before he reached the steamer, Judge Nicholas Brewer had arrived at the wharf. Judge Brewer began, on his arrival, immediately an effort to restore peace, while the disorderly on the boat hurled at him offensive epithets. The women on the boat were thrown into a great state of alarm, some, in their freight, attempting to throw themselves over- board, as the work of getting them below proceeded with a haste born of the exigeney of the situation. Mr. Hyde endeavored to aid the departure of the boat by calling upon Captain McAllister to assist him. The reply the peacemaker received was : "He was responsible for all he said and did," as the captain gave significance to his words by waving his sword valiantly around his head.
4. Judge Brewer was the particular target of the maddened excursionists on the boat, and, while assisted by Officer John Lamb, the cry on the boat went up "Shoot that officer, I mistrust him." Three rifles were leveled upon the Judge. A friendly hand knocked two of the rifles out of aim, but the third was discharged, though without effect. Meanwhile, as bricks, bullets and other missels were flying between the opposing forces, some citizens of Annapolis secured a cannon, and placing it in position, trained it on the steamer to shoot at it as it passed within range in going out. Judas Brewer put his toothpick in the touch-hole, and stepping before the muzzle of the foun, declared that the cannon could only be fired by its load going through his orAny. In this effort of peace he was assisted by Colonel Kane who, finding histspeals not to discharge the gun of no avail, threw himself over the breech, and mequeshand over the muzzle of the gun, announced that the gun could only be discharged by blowing him to pieces. These brave, joint efforts finally quelled the purposes of the mob. Mr. Hyde, in his testimony, at the subse, quent legal inquiry, declared the loading of the cannon a farce, some wanted to do one thing and some another, meanwhile the steamer was getting out of reach all the time.
5. Mr. John W. Brady, whilst assisting in quelling the riot was shot in both legs and seriously hurt. T. C. Loockerman received a slight wound in the leg ; Basil MeNew was badly wounded in the side ; Watkins Hall had two toes shot off; Edward Barroll was very dangerously wounded in the thigh. When Hall and Loockerman, who were actively engaged in throwing stones fell, Mr. Hyde testified that " the people on board the boat hurrahed enough for an election day." All the wounded were Annapolitans. None died from the effects of their wounds. No Baltimoreans appear to have been injured. The judicial investigation fastened guilt upon no one, and no punishment was meeted out to the rioters.
PARAGRAPH 3. (a) Who attempted to restore peace? (b) What effect had it upon the pas- sengers? (c) Upon whom did Mr. Hyde call for assistance to aid the departure of the boat? (d) What reply did Captain McAllister make?
PARAGRAPH 4. (a) Who was the particular target of the maddened excursionists? (b) How many rifles were levelled at once upou the Judge? (c) What prevented him from being shot? (d) In the meanwhile what weapons were being used by the opposing forces? (e) What was then brought to the wharf by the citizens of Annapolis? (f) Who prevented the cannon's discharge into the excursionists?
PARAGRAPH 5. (a) Who were injured in the encounter? (b) Upon whom did the judicial inquiry fasten the guilt?
THE ALMSHOUSE OF ANNE ARUNDEL. A Colonial Building at Londontown, South River.
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THE COURT HOUSE, AT ANNAPOLIS.
THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTON, LENOX AND TIDEN FOUNDATIONS
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
6. Emnetes in those days were most frequent between visitors and citizens, but a better spirit prevails in these times, and seldom is the peace broken when excur- sionists now visit the city or country. The colored people in the city and country, however, have developed this spirit largely amongst themselves when bent on enjoying a day on the water.
CHAPTER THIRTY-NINTH.
THE AREA AND POPULATION OF ANNE ARUNDEL.
1. Anne Arundel County has an area of 425 square miles.
2. The population of Anne Arundel County, in the first stages of its settlement and development, can only be estimated. In 1653, the petitions sent by the Puri- tans to Bennett and Claiborne, the Commissioners of Parliament, show that there were seventy-seven men on the Severn. That would reasonably give a population of nearly four hundred people. In 1667, the quota of Anne Arundel for the expedi- tion about to set out against the Indians, was placed at sixty-two men, being one for every tenth person. The enumeration of six hundred and twenty persons in Anne Arundel is sustained by the fact that, by the year 1663, four years earlier, there had been grants of land in Anne Arundel County to a hundred men and over. By the year 1694, nearly two thousand grants of land had been made in Anne Arundel. This would warrant the conclusion that there were at least six thousand or more, of inhabitants, at that date, in the county. After the United States took a census of the people of the Union, figures become reliable. In 1791, the popula- tion was 22,598; in 1801, 22,623; in 1811, 26,668; in 1821, 27,165; in 1830, 28,295; in 1840, 29,532 ; in 1850, 32,393; in 1860, 23,900; in 1870, 24,457; in 1880, 28,526 ; in 1890, 34,094 ; in 1900, 40,018 .* The great decrease, between 1850 and 1860, in population, is due to Howard district of the county being made a county of itself.
PARAGRAPH G. (a) What prevails in these times between visitors and citizens?
PARAGRAPH 1. (a) What is the area of Anne Arundel County?
PARAGRAPH 2. (@) In what way only can the first stages of population of Anne Arundel County be ascertained? (b) What estimate may be made of its population in 1653? (c) By what means is this estimate mate? (d) What estimate may be made in 1667? (e) By what means is that estimate made? (f) What was the population of Anne Arundel in 1791 by the first United States Census? (g) What is its population now by the Federal eensus? (h) What accounts for the decrease of population in Anne Arundel between the years 1850 and 1860?
*Federal census. The State census makes a less number.
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
CHAPTER FORTIETH.
OLD FASHIONS DISAPPEAR IN ANNE ARUNDEL.
1. In the "Forties,"-the decade between 1840 and 1850-Anne Arundel County was flooded with individual money more particularly known as " shin-plas- ters." The currency laws of the State and Nation were most liberal, and not a few took advantage of this to issue this class of cuireney, which circulated on the faith of the receivers, but who sometimes failed to have the gratification of the redemption of these promises to pay.
2. One feature of the issue redounded greatly to the benefit of the maker of the currency. There was a stipulation upon each note that the money would be redeemed when presented to the maker in a certain specified amount. This sum was so great that few, if any, were able to obtain the amount required to secure a redemption. These notes were of the denomination of six and a-quarter cents, twelve and a-half and twenty-five. The two first sums were known in common language, respectively, as "fips " and " levies."
3. The issue of this currency was confined to traders, merchants and men in business. The reason for the issne was the scareity of small currency. At that time there was very little small government money in circulation. Dimes were nearly as scarce as dollars, and cents were of the old-fashioned copper type-an inch in diameter, thick and heavy, and very unwieklly for change.
4. Amongst the firms, latest in Annapolis, to issue this individual currency, was that of Hall Bros., John and Ephraim, who kept a store on West street. These notes, as a class, were beautifully engraved. Much of this currency was lost in the course of trade, and this became another source of profit to its makers. Stringent laws of State and Nation, passed in the last sixty years, have abolished the system.
5. Concurrent with the disappearance of individual paper money, another fashion of the day began to abate- the queue and colonial dress of the men. The queue was a maik of social standing. Few only were those of inferior station who had the temerity to assume the queue. This adornment was a plait of the hair,
PARAGRAPH 1. («) With what kind of money was Anne Arundel flooded in the decade between 1840 and 1850? (b) What was most liberal in those days?
PARAGRAPH 2. (a) To whose benefit did the issue redound? (b) What provision in the issue caused this benefit?
PARAGRAPH 3. (4) To what classes was this issue confined? (b) What was very scarce in those times?
PARAGRAPH 4. (a) What firm was one of the latest in Annapolis to issue this currency? (b) How were these notes engraved? (e) What abolished this system of individual money?
PARAGRAPH 5. («) What fashion began to abate concurrent with that of individual paper money? (b) Of what was the quene a mark? (r) What was this adornment? (d) What was the
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
three or four inches in length at the back of the head, tied up in ribbon. The dignified gentlemen of the day, with their long black or blue Washington coats, and the brass buttons, long buff vests, knee breeches, silk stockings, pumps with their silver buckles, and quenes, driving up from their country seats in Anne Arundel, were yet three score years ago, not infrequently to be seen on the streets of Annapolis. The dress gave emphasis to the dignity of bearing of these gentlemen of the old Maryland school. Amongst the latest of those who retained the hand- some colonial dress and wore the quene were the Hugheses, MeCeneys and Mercers of the county. In the city of Annapolis, the last person to wear the quene was Mr. Henry Holland. His grace and dignity as he walked, on Sunday mornings, prayer-book in hand, to the services at St. Ann's, are still in the memory of some vet living.
CHAPTER FORTY-FIRST.
CONDITIONS IN ANNE ARUNDEL.
1. The county of Anne Arundel has a fertile and kindly soil adapted to the growth of fruits, berries, vegetables in some portions of it, and, in others, to the production of wheat, corn, oats and kindred cereals. Tobacco is a staple, and is of excellent quality. The people of Anne Arundel, in general, are law-abiding and industrious-few native whites come before the courts charged with serious criminal offences.
2. Education is generally diffused throughout the county. In 1900, there were 11,147 males in Anne Arundel over the age of 21 years. Of these there were 5,030 native whites, who were reckoned under the United States Census as literates, with 375 native white illiterates .* There were, in the same class, 2,058 colored literates and 1,945 illiterates ; and of naturalized literates, 588 ; illiterates, 118; first paper citizens, literate, 94 ; illiterate, 33 ; aliens, 348 literates, 177 illiterates ; of unknown origin, 275 literates and 106 illiterates. It will thus be observed that the great
dress of a gentleman of the day? (+) Who were some of the county gentry who retained to the latest the queue? (f ) Who was the last person in Annapolis to wear the queue?
PARAGRAPH 1. («) What kind of soil has Anne Arundel? (b) To the growth of what is it adapted? (c) What is the general character of the people of Anne Arundel?
PARAGRAPH 2. () What in general diffused throughout the county? (b) How many males over twenty-one were in Anne Arundel in 1900? (e) Of these how many were native white literates as reckoned by the United States Census? (d) Of the 11,147 male literates over twenty-one how many were colored? (e) By these figures what is observed?
*Those who cannot write.
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A HISTORY OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.
proportion of whites and a majority of the colored voters in Anne Arundel county are able to write.
3. The increase of whites over the colored people in Anne Arundel is marked. This is due, in part, to white emigration to the county. In 1880, the two races were nearly equal in numbers in Anne Arundel, the whites numbering 14,649 and the colored people 13,877. In 1890, the white population was 19,580, and the colored 14,509. In 1900, the whites numbered 24,234, and the colored people 15,367-a difference of 8,869 between the two races, that twenty years ago was only 772.
4. Anne Arundel has steadily increased in population, excepting in the decade between 1850 and 1860, the county losing in that period from the same cause by which it decreased in population, a large part of its area. The Constitution of 1851 created Howard, out of Anne Arundel. This section was a most prosperous part of Anne Arundel and was populated by an intelligent, prosperous and superior class of citizens. Since it became a county, Howard has taken a leading part in the polities of the State. It has furnished three Governors to the State, Thomas W. Ligon, John Lee Carroll and Edwin Warfield, and the present senior Senator in the United States Senate, from Maryland, Arthur P. Gorman, is a citizen of Howard. Anne Arundel, itself, also gave the State three Executives-Thomas Johnson, William Paca, and Benjamin Ogle.
5. Anne Arundel is a military centre-Annapolis having four military organi- zations in its midst-the Naval Academy, The School of Application for the educa- tion of Marine Officers, St. John's College, and two companies of the Maryland National Guard, with large bodies of sailors and marines, at the Naval Academy. St. John's ranks especially high as a military institution, making of its students entering after graduation the Naval Academy and West Point. The college is one of the six military colleges in the United States which are allowed to appoint an officer in the Regular Army. One of the latest government military inspectors, in his official report, stated that the graduates of St. John's were capable of com- manding men in the Regular Army.
6. The county of Anne Arundel fronts eastward on the Chesapeake Bay, and, within its territory are five rivers, amongst them, the Severn, one of the most beautiful sheets of water of its size in the country ; the others are the Magothy, South, Road and West rivers. On the north and northeast is the Patapsco, and Howard County lies on the northwest ; the Patuxent river separates the county from
PARAGRAPH 3. (a) What increase is marked in Anne Arundel? (b) To what is this due in part? (c) What was the number of whites in Anne Arundel in 1880? (d) What was the number of colored people in Anne Arundel in 1890? (e) Give the population of the two races in the county in 1900?
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