USA > Maryland > Allegany County > Cumberland > History of Cumberland, (Maryland) from the time of the Indian town, Caiuctucuc, in 1728, up to the present day : embracing an account of Washington's first campaign, and battle of Fort Necessity, together with a history of Braddock's expedition > Part 1
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/historyofcumberl00lowd 0
1
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02236 0769
GENEALOGY 975.202 C91L
LOWDERMILK'S HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND .
Title.by A. Hoen &Co. 1 5prot
FORT CUMBERLAND From foot of Nobley.
1755.
HISTORY OF
CUMBERLAND, (MARYLAND)
FROM THE TIME OF THE INDIAN TOWN, CAIUCTUCUC, IN 1728, UP TO THE PRESENT DAY,
EMBRACING AN ACCOUNT OF
Washington's First Campaign,
AND
BATTLE OF FORT NECESSITY,
TOGETHER WITH A
HISTORY OF BRADDOCK'S EXPEDITION,
&c., &c., &c.
WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
. BY WILL H. LOWDERMILK.
" Gather up the Fragments that remain."
WASHINGTON, D. C. JAMES ANGLIM, 1424 F STREET, 1878.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1878, by WILL H. LOWDERMILK, in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.
Will H. Lowdermilk, Printer Cumberland, Md.
1128733
TO THE MEMORY OF THE EARLY SETTLERS OF THE QUEEN CITY OF THE ALLEGHANIES. BY THE AUTHOR.
INDEX.
-
PAGES.
Academy of Music
427
Allegany County erected
267
Attorneys, admitted to bar of Allegany Court 435-437 .. 226
Baker, Lieutenant
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
350-352, 361, 365. 376, 377
Banks . .340, 343, 359, 360, 385, 386, 408
Beall, Thomas of Samuel
258
Big Ball, The.
.347-349, 356
Blair, Captain Thomas
297-299
Bland, Chancellor Theodoric.
235, 243
Boquet, Colonel Henry
232, 234, 236, 242
Bridges, over Will's Creek. 237, 271, 284, 285. 305, 342. 353, 378, 379
Braddock, General Edward 96-101
at Alexandria. 104
at Fort Cumberland 114-137
letter to Governor Sharpe. regarding Franklin 135
130
to General Shirley
136
route to the Monongahela 136-154
discipline and habits 117
124
contempt for Indians 134
march towards the Monongahela .. 136
route of march. 136-154
criticism of, by officers 154
on the battle field 160-162
wounded 162
169
place of burial
169, 188-191
Orderly Book
497
Caiuctucuck ..
17-20
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal; petition against high level funds exhausted.
338
riots amongst employees at Oldtown.
342
riots at tunnel suppressed by militia.
.346
public meetings in behalf of completing work
349
water let in for first time 368, 369
372
experiments with steamboats 386
ceremonies at opening navigation 438-447
Charlottesburg. 31
Cholera .. 378, 379
Chrise, William S., tried and executed 354-356 Churches .... 321, 338, 343, 344, 448-487 City Hall, description of. 425-42S Civil War: Union meetings 389-393 405 Indiana Zouaves. 398
Twenty-first Bridge. 401
Potomac Home Brigade 402-405
Citizens who joined the Confederate army 406
holds a conference with the Indians
death of.
339
passenger packet.
8
INDEX.
Civil War : City Guard in 1862 406, 407
Volunteers from Allegany county 407
Enrolling the militia .. 407
General Kelly's headquarters .. 408
Capture of the town by Confederates 410-412
Emancipation of Slaves 414
Battle of Folck's Mills
416
Citizen Volunteers. 417, 418
420
Capture of Generals Crook and Kelly
420-422
County Commissioners
428
Court Houses, jails, &c
26, 86, 131, 136, 141, 254, 255, 259
Croghan, George. 28, 109, 116, 123
Cumberland, the town established 258-261
laid off. 258, 266
first settlers 262
266
a post town
275
resurveyed. 285-288
293-295
incorporated
301, 302
Commissioners elected
303
assessable property. 350, 351, 357
divided into two Districts
360
grant to Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
361
night watch established.
375
lighted by gas. 380
subscribes to Pittsburgh and Connellsville Railroad .384
385
military hospitals
404,408
captured by Confederates. 410-412
land grant to Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
425
Water Works
425, 426
De Beaujeu ....
173, 174. 177, 178
De Langlade, Charles
170-178, 212, 213
Dent, Frederick
262
De Rocheblave 176
Dinwiddie, Governor 39, 48, 101, 110, 203, 204, 215, 216
Disputes as to Rank .73, 102, 104, 202, 206
Dunbar, Colonel. 95, 118, 166-170, 182-184
Fire, the great, of 1833
.324-329, 331, 341
Flight of Settlers
185
Forbes, General
231, 251
his army
249
Fort Cumberland, erected. 89
description of 90-93
strengthened and improved. 100
visited by Governor Sharpe 103
a demoralized garrison. 104
arrival of Sir John St. Clair 108
letter from Thomas Walker .. 109
Captain Rutherford 110
General Braddock arrived at. 114
troops and Indians at. 116, 117
Indian conference at. 119
punishment of soldiers. 121
letters from Washington 121, 132, 180
a military funeral.
122 123
population ..
.320, 349, 371, 388
city limits extended
Dagworthy Captain.
199, 202, 227
68
De Contra Coeur
269
Court, the first held. 270, 276. 340, 345, 368
Bounty for Volunteers.
Cresap. Colonel Thomas
Commissioners.
property owners in 1813.
9
INDEX.
Fort Cumberland, Indian women and jealousy. 123-127
letter from Braddock 130, 135-137
Colonel Innes appointed Governor 135
Maryland militia sent to ...
152
arrival of the retreating army.
174 -- 184
letter from Captain Orme 60 " Colonel Dunbar
184
Dunbar's retreat from
185
Newspaper reports from
193, 194 197
Indian outrages at
198-201, 244
Governor Sharpe's opinion of it
198
the garrison is strengthened 199
trouble as to the command 202-206
letter from General Shirley 205
beseiged by Indians 207,210
Colonel Innes' queer letter.
209
Killbuck's visit. 211, 212
Washington urges its abandonment 214
Dinwiddie opposes the idea .... 215, 216
question referred to a council. 215,216
orders to strengthen .. 216
Colonel Stephen in command 217
218
spies arrested at .. 219
Lord Loudon's opinion of. 220
Washington's headquarters at 221,222
Virginia troops ordered away 224
Maryland refuses to garrison 225
Washington departs front 226
Dagworthy in command.
227
an Indian alarm 227
Reinforcements arrive at. 227
address in Maryland Legislature regarding 229
Washington returns to 233
Indian reinforcements at. 234
scanty supplies and sickness at. 242
Governor Sharpe arrives at.
244
explosion of magazine at. 248
Washington's command leaves. 247
253
256
Fort Duquesne.
Fort Frederick
197
Fort Mount Pleasant
Fort Necessity capitulation of. 77,78
73-80
Fossitt, Thomas, claims he shot Braddock
187
Franklin, Benjamin's letter to Pennsylvanians 112-114
Fry, Colonel Joshua ... 48. 61, 71
Gage, General, letter to Governor Sharpe. 250 Garrett county established 432
Gist, Christopher 27, 28,41, 71, 82, 86, 152, 153
Gist, Nathaniel 167
Glass works 303 Graff, Henry, murdered 381
Grant, Major 249-251
Hadel, Dr. J. F. C., murdered 381 Halkett, Major Francis 247, 248
Halkett, Sir Peter ..... .95, 130, 135, 154, 155, 161
Harris, an excentric character .315
Highwaymen on National Road 335 Home Industry 337 2
a garrison of British troops
abandonment of ..
232
83-88
memorandum of affairs at
180
the wounded at.
10
INDEX.
Hotel rates established by law .277
Indians, towns 18, 19
graves .. 24,25
conference at Fort Cumberland 119
incursions.
207
at Fort Cumberland 220, 224
massacres by
198-201
war dance 120, 126
warriors and women
123, 124
Will"
21,22
" Killbuck"
211,212
Scarooyaddi
115, 125, 149, 161
Innes, Colonel James
109, 133, 134
Jumonville. 47, 54, 67, 69, 70, 74
La Choisie ... 176
Letters from Fort Cumberland, reporting Braddock's defeat
183
Little Meadows
53
Livingstone, Major James, in command of Fort Cumberland
208
surprises the Indians 210
211-212
succeeded by Colonel Stephen.
220
Mackaye, Captain
.73,79,81
Marquette, Father
35
Maryland Assembly 195, 196
232
Market House
276,350
MeLaughlin, Captain William's, company in war of 1812
296, 297
Mclaughlin, Thomas, executed
370
McSwine, Hugh's, flight for life
223
Militia
301, 309, 383
Monongahela, battle of
159-162 ..
night before the battle
154, 155
on the battle field.
157
the retreat ..
163
the killed and wounded
164-166
the victorious French.
175
Miller, Frederick, murders two citizens
.381-383
Munford, Robert, letter to Colonel Bland 235, 236
Nemacolin.
29
Newspaper Reports of affairs at Fort Cumberland 193, 194
Newspapers ......
301, 306, 316, 321, 329, 357, 375, 377, 386. 402, 408, 423, 429
Ohio Company, The .. 26-33
Old houses. 280-284, 289-291, 299, 300
Ord, General E. O. C .. 282
Orme, Lieutenant, aid-de camp. 104
letter to Washington 107
161, 164
devotion to Braddock
162
letter to Governor Sharpe.
180-182
Political Campaigns.
347, 356
Postoffice established at Cumberland.
275
Potomac River 23,312, 313
435
Postoffice, established in Cumberland
275
Powder House blown up ..
358, 359
Property owners in 1813 293-295
279, 314, 366
Quantrell, Jesse D. E
362-364
Remarkable accident. 308
River transportation. 311-313, 316, 333
Road, the first to the West. 51
Road, Braddock's 136-154
wounded ..
Postmasters, list of.
Public schools
Jack, Captain 82, 87, 89,135, 138, 179, 197, 202, 209
degrades Killbuck 217
Loudon, Lord, letter to Dinwiddie.
Maryland supplies men and money ..
11
INDEX.
Road, The National. 332-334, 336, 339, 341, 344, 365
Roads, a comparison of. 242
Road between Forts Cumberland and Frederick. 252, 253
Road, second to the Ohio. 237
Rocheblave, de ... 176, 218
262
Settlers, early of the town. West of Fort Cumberland. 263 266
Sharpe, Governor, his visit to Will's Creek
inspects the Potomac River .. 103
address to the Legislature regarding Indian outrages.
150-151
visits Fort Cumberland to reassure the settlers.
192
returns to Annapolis .. 252
again visits Fort Cumberland .. 244
takes command of Fort Cumberland.
248
Shirley, General's letter to Governor Sharpe reception of Washington. 204
Spendelow, Lieutenant.
136, 137
Stage lines ..
309-311, 353, 354, 369
Stanwix. Colonel marches to Fort Cumberland letter to Governor Sharpe.
227 228
Stephens, Captain promoted. 201
202
letter to Governor of Pennsylvania.
217
march to Raystown. 233
his obituary of live heroes. 267
Stewart, Hon. Andrew 188, 189, 191
St. Clair, Sir John, Deputy Quartermaster General. 95
arrives at Fort Cumberland.
103
terriffic threats of ..
108
purchases of transportation .. 106
228
Spy executed at Fort Cumberland
Swann, Robert .. 373, 374
Swearingen, George. 317-319
Tanacharison, the Half-King. 43,49
Trent, Captain's mission to Indians. neglect of duty 49 39
Van Braam, Jacob. 41, 79
218
Virginia troops withdrawn from Fort Cumberland. 224
Waggoner, Captain.
161
Walnut Bottom.
258
War of 1812
295-299
Ward, Ensign ..
47,49
Washington's first visit to Will's Creek
journal.
55-72
at Logstown
Lieutenant Colonel, at Will's Creek 48
letter to Governor Sharpe 59
" the Half-King 59
at Fort Necessity 55-82
102
aid de camp. 107, 117
121
letter to his brother .. " William Fairfax 132
sick on the march .. 149
at the battle of the Monongahela 154, 160, 167,168
letter to Governor Innes. 178
letter to his brother 180
return to Mount Vernon 197
appointed Commander-in-Chief. 201
letter to Speaker Robinson. 214
" " Dinwiddie .. 215-217, 219-222
wants Fort Cumberland abandoned 213
plan of defense 217
41-48
43
resignation.
Vaudreville, M. letter regarding Fort Cumberland.
Spottswood, Captain and party massacred.
219
in command of Fort Cumberland.
205
83
12
INDEX.
Washington, letter to Dinwiddie 225
march to Fort Cumberland 233
letters to Colonel Bouquet .. 233, 236, 237, 238, 240, 244
men in Indian dress. 234
expenses of his election 236
245
letter to Speaker Robinson 6 " Mrs. Fairfax
246
return to Mount Vernon
253
Washingtontown ..
259
Whisky Insurrection 273-275
Will's Creek: origin of name.
21
a trading post 29,30
affairs at.
34-88
PREFACE.
For years past I have spent much time in gathering scraps of history regarding Fort Cumberland and its surroundings, having no other object than the grati- fication of my curiosity as to the early events of the place of my birth and that of my ancestors. Becoming constantly more interested in the work, and finding so much of national as well as local importance clustered about the old Fort, I finally determined to embody in as comprehensive a form as possible, for future preservation, all that could be learned of the place, from the time its primeval forests were first disturbed by the crack of the pioneer's rifle up to the close of the centennial year of our nation. The task thus self-imposed was found to be no easy one, but was persevered in from the conviction that it was a duty not to be neglected. The paucity of reliable history, in every section of Maryland, made this duty more apparent. The difficulties to be overcome, and the obstacles to be surmounted, were greater than I had anticipated, since the events of many years were involved in almost total obscurity, or left to the chances of tradition, which is at best uncertain.
Some of the ideas originally entertained as to the scope of this work have been, of necessity, abandoned.
.
14
HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND.
Of these, I may mention the purpose of recording the family history of the first, or earlier, settlers of the town. Satisfactory data as to but few of these families can now be obtained, despite most strenuous efforts made in that direction. Consequently this purpose could not be carried out without laying the author open to the charge of invidious discrimination.
To make this history perfect, the careful perusal of old manuscripts and newspapers, volumes of history, local and general, records of Legislative, court and council proceedings, miscellaneous collections of notes and memoranda, as well as private papers, became necessary; and in many instances these were so imperfect as to seem to baffle the most dilligent research. The labor of interviewing the oldest citizens was conscientiously performed, and many missing links thus obtained. Their recollections form part of the chain connecting the earlier and latter existence of Cumberland, and binding the story of the settlement to the town's birth.
The impossibility of making such a work perfect, in every detail, must be apparent to every one; and is certainly fully comprehended by the author. I have, however, striven in good faith, and without stint of labor, to lift the veil which has so long shrouded the past of our city, and to give a faithful and accurate record of the march of events, from the traditionary period ante-dating the establishment of the "King's Fort," through the years of bloodshed when the banner of England was borne over these hills in the face of a savage foe, up to the present day and generation. While asking for its imperfections
15
PREFACE.
the most lenient judgment, I trust the reader may find as much pleasure in the perusal of this volume, as the writer has found in its preparation.
I am under obligations, for valuable assistance, to Mr: A. R. Spofford, the learned and indefatigable Librarian of the Congressional Library; to Colonel Brantz Mayer, of Baltimore; Hon. A. R. Boteler, of Virginia; Mr. Lyman C. Draper, of the Wisconsin Historical Library ; Mr. James Anglim, publisher, of Washington; Dr Joseph Toner, of Washington ; Mr. E. D. Butler, of the Department of Maps, British Museum, London; Mr. R. A. Brock, Librarian of the Virginia Historical Library; Mr. James Veech, of Pittsburgh ; Mr. A. C. Nutt, of Uniontown, Pa .; Mr. D. Shriver Stewart, of Washington City ; Mr. Benson J. Lossing, the eminent historian ; Mr. John B. Hurley, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury ; Mr. H. D. Black, of New York; the Librarian of the Maryland Historical Society; Messrs. Theodore Luman, Clerk of the Court; T. Leiper Patterson, Civil Engineer ; I. B. Millner and L. T. Dickinson, of Cumberland ; the last two named for some of the sketches given.
For many of the facts recorded I have had recourse to the pages of Spark's Writings of Washington, Irving's Life of Washington, Sargent's Braddock, the Colonial Records, Pennsylvania Archives, The Olden Time, the Pennsylvania Gazette, the Universal Magazine, Sharpe's MS. correspondence, The Monon- gahela of Old, Kercheval's History of the Valley, Dodriddge's Notes, and others.
THE AUTHOR.
CAI-UC-TU-CUC.
1728-1751.
FOR nearly two hundred and fifty years after the discovery of the New World had been made known to the nations of the Eastern Hemisphere, by the great Genoese navigator, the country lying along the base of the Alleghanies was a trackless wilderness. The march of civilization made but little advance in its progress from the sea-shore to the mountain fastnesses, and the new-comers seemed content to settle down upon the coast, whence they could look out upon the expanse of ocean which separated them from the ideas and theories they had left forever when they spread their sails to the heaven- invoked breezes which were to waft them to a strange but prolific world. For nearly two centuries and a half had the gorgeous hues of autumn tinted these boundless forests, ere the white man came to behold their beauties. These mountains and valleys were peopled by the Red Man, whose history was dimly preserved in unsubstantial legend, and who was destined to yield his possessions to the sure encroachments of Anglo-Saxon intelligence.
3
18
HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND.
1728.]
The first attempt to penetrate this virgin wilder- ness, with an idea looking to conquest and possession, was made by Governor Spottswood in 1714, when he, with a following of the youthful chivalry of Virginia, sought to realize the golden visions he had long delighted in, regarding the paradise beyond the mountains. His zeal and enthusiasm led him to the discovery of the beautiful Valley of Virginia, as well as the realization of the fact that the geography of the region was on a grander scale than he had anticipated. The great Apalachian range still separated him from the head-waters of the Ohio, which he had expected to find at the western base of the Blue Ridge, but the daring enterprise of himself and his followers opened a charming valley to the hundreds of immigrants who were then arriving upon our shores.
Of the region bordering on the upper Potomac, however, there is no history, either written or oral, to enlighten us as to the events of an epoch earlier than about 1728. At that date there was located in the Province of Maryland, at the junction of two streams known as the Cohongaronta and the Caiuctucuc, an Indian town, which also bore the latter name. The town of Caiuctucuc was built on the ground lying between these streams, from their confluence to a point some distance up the river Cohongaronta, the greater portion of the town being located upon the site of the west side of the present city of Cumberland. Other towns were dotted along the river's bank, for a distance of more than forty miles, the most easterly being the present site of
19
INDIAN VILLAGES.
1728.]
Oldtown, Allegany county, Maryland. A century ago the settlement at that point was called " Shawanese Oldtown," but of late years the explanatory prefix has been entirely dropped, and the place is now known simply as Oldtown. Other villages were scattered about between the Virginia and Pennsylvania lines, two of which were not far distant from Caiuctucuc. One of these was located in the narrow valley, three miles westward, on the banks of Braddock's Run, on what is now known as the Eckles' place, and within a few yards of the line of the present National Road, just where it is crossed by the Eckhart Railroad. Within the memory of men now living there were many relics of this village in existence. The ground was heavily timbered throughout that valley, and a clearing of several acres had been made there, in which were still to be seen the remnants of the small huts used by the natives. Just across the ridge, in Cash Valley, was another village of the same character; and still another, of greater dimensions, was situated near the spot on which Cresaptown stands, probably a little nearer the river.
The inhabitants of this region were a portion of the Shawanese tribe, a sub-division of the Algonquin group, one of the most warlike combinations of that period. The warriors engaged in hunting and fishing, and game was sufficiently abundant both in wood and water to supply them with all that was needed of food and furs. While the men engaged in the pursuits of the chase, or went upon the war path, their families were left at home to till the soil,
20
HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND.
1728.]
the rich bottom lands yielding abundant crops of maize and grass. At what time the village of Caiuctucuc was deserted is left to conjecture, as the earliest map of this region, which was made in 1751, and is now to be seen in the Congressional Library, at Washington, simply marks the territory designated as " Abandoned Shawanese Lands," and at that time roving bands of Indians of other tribes, with scattered lodges, were found here by the hardy pioneers, whose venturesome spirits led them so far beyond the limits of civilization; while the Shaw- anese thickly peopled the banks of the Ohio, and the Monongahela, west of the Alleghanies.
The town of Caiuctucuc was of respectable dimen- sions, and consisted principally of lodges built in a primitive manner. Two forked posts were driven firmly into the ground, and on these was laid a ridge pole. Small saplings, cut to a length of about eight feet, were laid against this pole, one end resting on the ground, forming a shelter similar to the A shaped tents so long in use in our armies. This was covered with bark and skins, and made tight enough to form a satisfactory protection against both rain and snow. On the floor were spread furs, which were made to do duty both as seats and beds. The village had its Sachems and chief men, and was subject to the general form of government which controlled all branches of the Shawanese family, and which was well suited to their condition. A favorite article of diet amongst these Indians was a cake made of maize beaten as fine as the means at command would permit. This was mixed with water, and
21
INDIAN "WILL."
1728.]
baked upon a flat stone which had been previously heated in the fire. The trappers followed the Indians' example in the baking of "Shawnee cakes," as they called them, and the lapse of a few years was sufficient to corrupt the term into that of "Johnny Cake," so familiar throughout the South, and in common use at this day .*
The daring trappers who first came to make friends of the Red Man evidently had more regard for the peltries, which were exchangeable for coin, than for the beauty of difficult Indian names, by which mountains and streams were designated; and with the merciless hardihood of their natures they ruth- lessly extinguished the aboriginal titles, and cut out for after generations meaningless names, which had nothing to commend them beyond their ease of pronunciation. Thus, we have to-day no "Caiuctu- cuc," but simply " Will's Creek." Caiuctucuc Creek, and the great mountain which forms the northern boundary of the city of Cumberland, were baptised by the earliest settlers here, as "Will's Creek," and "Will's Mountain." "Will" was a full blooded Indian, who with his family and a few followers, remained in the land of their fathers, and despite the approach of the white men did not remove their wigwams, but received their strange visitors with a kindly greeting, and lived upon terms of intimate friendship with them. His wigwam was built in a little cove lying between the west side of Will's Mountain and Will's Knob, about three miles from the mouth of the creek, and in the vicinity of
#It has been generally claimed that "Johnny Cake" was a corruption of "Journey Cake."
22
HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND.
I743.7
the rocky formation known as the "Devil's Ladder." He had for a neighbor another Indian, known as Eve. Indian Will exercised a sort of proprietary right over all the land in the vicinity of his lodge, and one of the earliest tracts surveyed, by Colonel Thomas Cresap, at the instance of Governor Bladen, was designated "Will's Town," and was located along the creek from the mouth of Jenning's Run, containing 915 acres. The claims of Will to the ownership of property were respected to a certain extent; that is to say, when grants were obtained the settlers did not fail to give him some trifle as a pretended compensa- tion. In referring to this place it became customary with the settlers and trappers to use Will's name as the easiest method of designating it, and in a little while, very naturally, they came to speak of "Will's Creek." Thus the original Indian name for the stream was lost; and the mountain finally obtained its name from the creek.
The date of Will's death is not definitely known, but that event is supposed to have occurred about the close of the revolutionary war, or shortly thereafter. His remains were buried on the very top of Will's Knob, and the place of his sepulture is still pointed out to those who are curious enough to visit it. He left several children, who intermarried with white settlers, and their descendants lived near the Pennsylvania State line, on Will's creek, as late as 1810, but the last of them has now disappeared.
In the map referred to above, and which was drawn in 1751, Will's Creek is marked as "Caiuctucuc Creek," and at that date was known by no other name
23
THE POTOMAC.
1743.]
amongst the Indians. It was a stream of no great pretensions during the summer months, but frequently overflowed its banks after heavy freshets, and spread over much of the bottom land near its mouth. Its shores were thickly fringed with trees and shrubbery, and its waters flowed lazily through the cooling shadows of the "Narrows," a grand rent in the mountain, a mile to the north of the junction of the creek with the river.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.