History of Cumberland, (Maryland) from the time of the Indian town, Caiuctucuc, in 1728, up to the present day : embracing an account of Washington's first campaign, and battle of Fort Necessity, together with a history of Braddock's expedition, Part 1

Author: Lowdermilk, William Harrison
Publication date: 1878
Publisher: Washington, D.C. : James Anglim
Number of Pages: 588


USA > Maryland > Allegany County > Cumberland > History of Cumberland, (Maryland) from the time of the Indian town, Caiuctucuc, in 1728, up to the present day : embracing an account of Washington's first campaign, and battle of Fort Necessity, together with a history of Braddock's expedition > Part 1


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37



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1


ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02236 0769


GENEALOGY 975.202 C91L


LOWDERMILK'S HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND .


Title.by A. Hoen &Co. 1 5prot


FORT CUMBERLAND From foot of Nobley.


1755.


HISTORY OF


CUMBERLAND, (MARYLAND)


FROM THE TIME OF THE INDIAN TOWN, CAIUCTUCUC, IN 1728, UP TO THE PRESENT DAY,


EMBRACING AN ACCOUNT OF


Washington's First Campaign,


AND


BATTLE OF FORT NECESSITY,


TOGETHER WITH A


HISTORY OF BRADDOCK'S EXPEDITION,


&c., &c., &c.


WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.


. BY WILL H. LOWDERMILK.


" Gather up the Fragments that remain."


WASHINGTON, D. C. JAMES ANGLIM, 1424 F STREET, 1878.


Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1878, by WILL H. LOWDERMILK, in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.


Will H. Lowdermilk, Printer Cumberland, Md.


1128733


TO THE MEMORY OF THE EARLY SETTLERS OF THE QUEEN CITY OF THE ALLEGHANIES. BY THE AUTHOR.


INDEX.


-


PAGES.


Academy of Music


427


Allegany County erected


267


Attorneys, admitted to bar of Allegany Court 435-437 .. 226


Baker, Lieutenant


Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.


350-352, 361, 365. 376, 377


Banks . .340, 343, 359, 360, 385, 386, 408


Beall, Thomas of Samuel


258


Big Ball, The.


.347-349, 356


Blair, Captain Thomas


297-299


Bland, Chancellor Theodoric.


235, 243


Boquet, Colonel Henry


232, 234, 236, 242


Bridges, over Will's Creek. 237, 271, 284, 285. 305, 342. 353, 378, 379


Braddock, General Edward 96-101


at Alexandria. 104


at Fort Cumberland 114-137


letter to Governor Sharpe. regarding Franklin 135


130


to General Shirley


136


route to the Monongahela 136-154


discipline and habits 117


124


contempt for Indians 134


march towards the Monongahela .. 136


route of march. 136-154


criticism of, by officers 154


on the battle field 160-162


wounded 162


169


place of burial


169, 188-191


Orderly Book


497


Caiuctucuck ..


17-20


Chesapeake and Ohio Canal; petition against high level funds exhausted.


338


riots amongst employees at Oldtown.


342


riots at tunnel suppressed by militia.


.346


public meetings in behalf of completing work


349


water let in for first time 368, 369


372


experiments with steamboats 386


ceremonies at opening navigation 438-447


Charlottesburg. 31


Cholera .. 378, 379


Chrise, William S., tried and executed 354-356 Churches .... 321, 338, 343, 344, 448-487 City Hall, description of. 425-42S Civil War: Union meetings 389-393 405 Indiana Zouaves. 398


Twenty-first Bridge. 401


Potomac Home Brigade 402-405


Citizens who joined the Confederate army 406


holds a conference with the Indians


death of.


339


passenger packet.


8


INDEX.


Civil War : City Guard in 1862 406, 407


Volunteers from Allegany county 407


Enrolling the militia .. 407


General Kelly's headquarters .. 408


Capture of the town by Confederates 410-412


Emancipation of Slaves 414


Battle of Folck's Mills


416


Citizen Volunteers. 417, 418


420


Capture of Generals Crook and Kelly


420-422


County Commissioners


428


Court Houses, jails, &c


26, 86, 131, 136, 141, 254, 255, 259


Croghan, George. 28, 109, 116, 123


Cumberland, the town established 258-261


laid off. 258, 266


first settlers 262


266


a post town


275


resurveyed. 285-288


293-295


incorporated


301, 302


Commissioners elected


303


assessable property. 350, 351, 357


divided into two Districts


360


grant to Baltimore and Ohio Railroad


361


night watch established.


375


lighted by gas. 380


subscribes to Pittsburgh and Connellsville Railroad .384


385


military hospitals


404,408


captured by Confederates. 410-412


land grant to Baltimore and Ohio Railroad


425


Water Works


425, 426


De Beaujeu ....


173, 174. 177, 178


De Langlade, Charles


170-178, 212, 213


Dent, Frederick


262


De Rocheblave 176


Dinwiddie, Governor 39, 48, 101, 110, 203, 204, 215, 216


Disputes as to Rank .73, 102, 104, 202, 206


Dunbar, Colonel. 95, 118, 166-170, 182-184


Fire, the great, of 1833


.324-329, 331, 341


Flight of Settlers


185


Forbes, General


231, 251


his army


249


Fort Cumberland, erected. 89


description of 90-93


strengthened and improved. 100


visited by Governor Sharpe 103


a demoralized garrison. 104


arrival of Sir John St. Clair 108


letter from Thomas Walker .. 109


Captain Rutherford 110


General Braddock arrived at. 114


troops and Indians at. 116, 117


Indian conference at. 119


punishment of soldiers. 121


letters from Washington 121, 132, 180


a military funeral.


122 123


population ..


.320, 349, 371, 388


city limits extended


Dagworthy Captain.


199, 202, 227


68


De Contra Coeur


269


Court, the first held. 270, 276. 340, 345, 368


Bounty for Volunteers.


Cresap. Colonel Thomas


Commissioners.


property owners in 1813.


9


INDEX.


Fort Cumberland, Indian women and jealousy. 123-127


letter from Braddock 130, 135-137


Colonel Innes appointed Governor 135


Maryland militia sent to ...


152


arrival of the retreating army.


174 -- 184


letter from Captain Orme 60 " Colonel Dunbar


184


Dunbar's retreat from


185


Newspaper reports from


193, 194 197


Indian outrages at


198-201, 244


Governor Sharpe's opinion of it


198


the garrison is strengthened 199


trouble as to the command 202-206


letter from General Shirley 205


beseiged by Indians 207,210


Colonel Innes' queer letter.


209


Killbuck's visit. 211, 212


Washington urges its abandonment 214


Dinwiddie opposes the idea .... 215, 216


question referred to a council. 215,216


orders to strengthen .. 216


Colonel Stephen in command 217


218


spies arrested at .. 219


Lord Loudon's opinion of. 220


Washington's headquarters at 221,222


Virginia troops ordered away 224


Maryland refuses to garrison 225


Washington departs front 226


Dagworthy in command.


227


an Indian alarm 227


Reinforcements arrive at. 227


address in Maryland Legislature regarding 229


Washington returns to 233


Indian reinforcements at. 234


scanty supplies and sickness at. 242


Governor Sharpe arrives at.


244


explosion of magazine at. 248


Washington's command leaves. 247


253


256


Fort Duquesne.


Fort Frederick


197


Fort Mount Pleasant


Fort Necessity capitulation of. 77,78


73-80


Fossitt, Thomas, claims he shot Braddock


187


Franklin, Benjamin's letter to Pennsylvanians 112-114


Fry, Colonel Joshua ... 48. 61, 71


Gage, General, letter to Governor Sharpe. 250 Garrett county established 432


Gist, Christopher 27, 28,41, 71, 82, 86, 152, 153


Gist, Nathaniel 167


Glass works 303 Graff, Henry, murdered 381


Grant, Major 249-251


Hadel, Dr. J. F. C., murdered 381 Halkett, Major Francis 247, 248


Halkett, Sir Peter ..... .95, 130, 135, 154, 155, 161


Harris, an excentric character .315


Highwaymen on National Road 335 Home Industry 337 2


a garrison of British troops


abandonment of ..


232


83-88


memorandum of affairs at


180


the wounded at.


10


INDEX.


Hotel rates established by law .277


Indians, towns 18, 19


graves .. 24,25


conference at Fort Cumberland 119


incursions.


207


at Fort Cumberland 220, 224


massacres by


198-201


war dance 120, 126


warriors and women


123, 124


Will"


21,22


" Killbuck"


211,212


Scarooyaddi


115, 125, 149, 161


Innes, Colonel James


109, 133, 134


Jumonville. 47, 54, 67, 69, 70, 74


La Choisie ... 176


Letters from Fort Cumberland, reporting Braddock's defeat


183


Little Meadows


53


Livingstone, Major James, in command of Fort Cumberland


208


surprises the Indians 210


211-212


succeeded by Colonel Stephen.


220


Mackaye, Captain


.73,79,81


Marquette, Father


35


Maryland Assembly 195, 196


232


Market House


276,350


MeLaughlin, Captain William's, company in war of 1812


296, 297


Mclaughlin, Thomas, executed


370


McSwine, Hugh's, flight for life


223


Militia


301, 309, 383


Monongahela, battle of


159-162 ..


night before the battle


154, 155


on the battle field.


157


the retreat ..


163


the killed and wounded


164-166


the victorious French.


175


Miller, Frederick, murders two citizens


.381-383


Munford, Robert, letter to Colonel Bland 235, 236


Nemacolin.


29


Newspaper Reports of affairs at Fort Cumberland 193, 194


Newspapers ......


301, 306, 316, 321, 329, 357, 375, 377, 386. 402, 408, 423, 429


Ohio Company, The .. 26-33


Old houses. 280-284, 289-291, 299, 300


Ord, General E. O. C .. 282


Orme, Lieutenant, aid-de camp. 104


letter to Washington 107


161, 164


devotion to Braddock


162


letter to Governor Sharpe.


180-182


Political Campaigns.


347, 356


Postoffice established at Cumberland.


275


Potomac River 23,312, 313


435


Postoffice, established in Cumberland


275


Powder House blown up ..


358, 359


Property owners in 1813 293-295


279, 314, 366


Quantrell, Jesse D. E


362-364


Remarkable accident. 308


River transportation. 311-313, 316, 333


Road, the first to the West. 51


Road, Braddock's 136-154


wounded ..


Postmasters, list of.


Public schools


Jack, Captain 82, 87, 89,135, 138, 179, 197, 202, 209


degrades Killbuck 217


Loudon, Lord, letter to Dinwiddie.


Maryland supplies men and money ..


11


INDEX.


Road, The National. 332-334, 336, 339, 341, 344, 365


Roads, a comparison of. 242


Road between Forts Cumberland and Frederick. 252, 253


Road, second to the Ohio. 237


Rocheblave, de ... 176, 218


262


Settlers, early of the town. West of Fort Cumberland. 263 266


Sharpe, Governor, his visit to Will's Creek


inspects the Potomac River .. 103


address to the Legislature regarding Indian outrages.


150-151


visits Fort Cumberland to reassure the settlers.


192


returns to Annapolis .. 252


again visits Fort Cumberland .. 244


takes command of Fort Cumberland.


248


Shirley, General's letter to Governor Sharpe reception of Washington. 204


Spendelow, Lieutenant.


136, 137


Stage lines ..


309-311, 353, 354, 369


Stanwix. Colonel marches to Fort Cumberland letter to Governor Sharpe.


227 228


Stephens, Captain promoted. 201


202


letter to Governor of Pennsylvania.


217


march to Raystown. 233


his obituary of live heroes. 267


Stewart, Hon. Andrew 188, 189, 191


St. Clair, Sir John, Deputy Quartermaster General. 95


arrives at Fort Cumberland.


103


terriffic threats of ..


108


purchases of transportation .. 106


228


Spy executed at Fort Cumberland


Swann, Robert .. 373, 374


Swearingen, George. 317-319


Tanacharison, the Half-King. 43,49


Trent, Captain's mission to Indians. neglect of duty 49 39


Van Braam, Jacob. 41, 79


218


Virginia troops withdrawn from Fort Cumberland. 224


Waggoner, Captain.


161


Walnut Bottom.


258


War of 1812


295-299


Ward, Ensign ..


47,49


Washington's first visit to Will's Creek


journal.


55-72


at Logstown


Lieutenant Colonel, at Will's Creek 48


letter to Governor Sharpe 59


" the Half-King 59


at Fort Necessity 55-82


102


aid de camp. 107, 117


121


letter to his brother .. " William Fairfax 132


sick on the march .. 149


at the battle of the Monongahela 154, 160, 167,168


letter to Governor Innes. 178


letter to his brother 180


return to Mount Vernon 197


appointed Commander-in-Chief. 201


letter to Speaker Robinson. 214


" " Dinwiddie .. 215-217, 219-222


wants Fort Cumberland abandoned 213


plan of defense 217


41-48


43


resignation.


Vaudreville, M. letter regarding Fort Cumberland.


Spottswood, Captain and party massacred.


219


in command of Fort Cumberland.


205


83


12


INDEX.


Washington, letter to Dinwiddie 225


march to Fort Cumberland 233


letters to Colonel Bouquet .. 233, 236, 237, 238, 240, 244


men in Indian dress. 234


expenses of his election 236


245


letter to Speaker Robinson 6 " Mrs. Fairfax


246


return to Mount Vernon


253


Washingtontown ..


259


Whisky Insurrection 273-275


Will's Creek: origin of name.


21


a trading post 29,30


affairs at.


34-88


PREFACE.


For years past I have spent much time in gathering scraps of history regarding Fort Cumberland and its surroundings, having no other object than the grati- fication of my curiosity as to the early events of the place of my birth and that of my ancestors. Becoming constantly more interested in the work, and finding so much of national as well as local importance clustered about the old Fort, I finally determined to embody in as comprehensive a form as possible, for future preservation, all that could be learned of the place, from the time its primeval forests were first disturbed by the crack of the pioneer's rifle up to the close of the centennial year of our nation. The task thus self-imposed was found to be no easy one, but was persevered in from the conviction that it was a duty not to be neglected. The paucity of reliable history, in every section of Maryland, made this duty more apparent. The difficulties to be overcome, and the obstacles to be surmounted, were greater than I had anticipated, since the events of many years were involved in almost total obscurity, or left to the chances of tradition, which is at best uncertain.


Some of the ideas originally entertained as to the scope of this work have been, of necessity, abandoned.


.


14


HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND.


Of these, I may mention the purpose of recording the family history of the first, or earlier, settlers of the town. Satisfactory data as to but few of these families can now be obtained, despite most strenuous efforts made in that direction. Consequently this purpose could not be carried out without laying the author open to the charge of invidious discrimination.


To make this history perfect, the careful perusal of old manuscripts and newspapers, volumes of history, local and general, records of Legislative, court and council proceedings, miscellaneous collections of notes and memoranda, as well as private papers, became necessary; and in many instances these were so imperfect as to seem to baffle the most dilligent research. The labor of interviewing the oldest citizens was conscientiously performed, and many missing links thus obtained. Their recollections form part of the chain connecting the earlier and latter existence of Cumberland, and binding the story of the settlement to the town's birth.


The impossibility of making such a work perfect, in every detail, must be apparent to every one; and is certainly fully comprehended by the author. I have, however, striven in good faith, and without stint of labor, to lift the veil which has so long shrouded the past of our city, and to give a faithful and accurate record of the march of events, from the traditionary period ante-dating the establishment of the "King's Fort," through the years of bloodshed when the banner of England was borne over these hills in the face of a savage foe, up to the present day and generation. While asking for its imperfections


15


PREFACE.


the most lenient judgment, I trust the reader may find as much pleasure in the perusal of this volume, as the writer has found in its preparation.


I am under obligations, for valuable assistance, to Mr: A. R. Spofford, the learned and indefatigable Librarian of the Congressional Library; to Colonel Brantz Mayer, of Baltimore; Hon. A. R. Boteler, of Virginia; Mr. Lyman C. Draper, of the Wisconsin Historical Library ; Mr. James Anglim, publisher, of Washington; Dr Joseph Toner, of Washington ; Mr. E. D. Butler, of the Department of Maps, British Museum, London; Mr. R. A. Brock, Librarian of the Virginia Historical Library; Mr. James Veech, of Pittsburgh ; Mr. A. C. Nutt, of Uniontown, Pa .; Mr. D. Shriver Stewart, of Washington City ; Mr. Benson J. Lossing, the eminent historian ; Mr. John B. Hurley, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury ; Mr. H. D. Black, of New York; the Librarian of the Maryland Historical Society; Messrs. Theodore Luman, Clerk of the Court; T. Leiper Patterson, Civil Engineer ; I. B. Millner and L. T. Dickinson, of Cumberland ; the last two named for some of the sketches given.


For many of the facts recorded I have had recourse to the pages of Spark's Writings of Washington, Irving's Life of Washington, Sargent's Braddock, the Colonial Records, Pennsylvania Archives, The Olden Time, the Pennsylvania Gazette, the Universal Magazine, Sharpe's MS. correspondence, The Monon- gahela of Old, Kercheval's History of the Valley, Dodriddge's Notes, and others.


THE AUTHOR.


CAI-UC-TU-CUC.


1728-1751.


FOR nearly two hundred and fifty years after the discovery of the New World had been made known to the nations of the Eastern Hemisphere, by the great Genoese navigator, the country lying along the base of the Alleghanies was a trackless wilderness. The march of civilization made but little advance in its progress from the sea-shore to the mountain fastnesses, and the new-comers seemed content to settle down upon the coast, whence they could look out upon the expanse of ocean which separated them from the ideas and theories they had left forever when they spread their sails to the heaven- invoked breezes which were to waft them to a strange but prolific world. For nearly two centuries and a half had the gorgeous hues of autumn tinted these boundless forests, ere the white man came to behold their beauties. These mountains and valleys were peopled by the Red Man, whose history was dimly preserved in unsubstantial legend, and who was destined to yield his possessions to the sure encroachments of Anglo-Saxon intelligence.


3


18


HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND.


1728.]


The first attempt to penetrate this virgin wilder- ness, with an idea looking to conquest and possession, was made by Governor Spottswood in 1714, when he, with a following of the youthful chivalry of Virginia, sought to realize the golden visions he had long delighted in, regarding the paradise beyond the mountains. His zeal and enthusiasm led him to the discovery of the beautiful Valley of Virginia, as well as the realization of the fact that the geography of the region was on a grander scale than he had anticipated. The great Apalachian range still separated him from the head-waters of the Ohio, which he had expected to find at the western base of the Blue Ridge, but the daring enterprise of himself and his followers opened a charming valley to the hundreds of immigrants who were then arriving upon our shores.


Of the region bordering on the upper Potomac, however, there is no history, either written or oral, to enlighten us as to the events of an epoch earlier than about 1728. At that date there was located in the Province of Maryland, at the junction of two streams known as the Cohongaronta and the Caiuctucuc, an Indian town, which also bore the latter name. The town of Caiuctucuc was built on the ground lying between these streams, from their confluence to a point some distance up the river Cohongaronta, the greater portion of the town being located upon the site of the west side of the present city of Cumberland. Other towns were dotted along the river's bank, for a distance of more than forty miles, the most easterly being the present site of


19


INDIAN VILLAGES.


1728.]


Oldtown, Allegany county, Maryland. A century ago the settlement at that point was called " Shawanese Oldtown," but of late years the explanatory prefix has been entirely dropped, and the place is now known simply as Oldtown. Other villages were scattered about between the Virginia and Pennsylvania lines, two of which were not far distant from Caiuctucuc. One of these was located in the narrow valley, three miles westward, on the banks of Braddock's Run, on what is now known as the Eckles' place, and within a few yards of the line of the present National Road, just where it is crossed by the Eckhart Railroad. Within the memory of men now living there were many relics of this village in existence. The ground was heavily timbered throughout that valley, and a clearing of several acres had been made there, in which were still to be seen the remnants of the small huts used by the natives. Just across the ridge, in Cash Valley, was another village of the same character; and still another, of greater dimensions, was situated near the spot on which Cresaptown stands, probably a little nearer the river.


The inhabitants of this region were a portion of the Shawanese tribe, a sub-division of the Algonquin group, one of the most warlike combinations of that period. The warriors engaged in hunting and fishing, and game was sufficiently abundant both in wood and water to supply them with all that was needed of food and furs. While the men engaged in the pursuits of the chase, or went upon the war path, their families were left at home to till the soil,


20


HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND.


1728.]


the rich bottom lands yielding abundant crops of maize and grass. At what time the village of Caiuctucuc was deserted is left to conjecture, as the earliest map of this region, which was made in 1751, and is now to be seen in the Congressional Library, at Washington, simply marks the territory designated as " Abandoned Shawanese Lands," and at that time roving bands of Indians of other tribes, with scattered lodges, were found here by the hardy pioneers, whose venturesome spirits led them so far beyond the limits of civilization; while the Shaw- anese thickly peopled the banks of the Ohio, and the Monongahela, west of the Alleghanies.


The town of Caiuctucuc was of respectable dimen- sions, and consisted principally of lodges built in a primitive manner. Two forked posts were driven firmly into the ground, and on these was laid a ridge pole. Small saplings, cut to a length of about eight feet, were laid against this pole, one end resting on the ground, forming a shelter similar to the A shaped tents so long in use in our armies. This was covered with bark and skins, and made tight enough to form a satisfactory protection against both rain and snow. On the floor were spread furs, which were made to do duty both as seats and beds. The village had its Sachems and chief men, and was subject to the general form of government which controlled all branches of the Shawanese family, and which was well suited to their condition. A favorite article of diet amongst these Indians was a cake made of maize beaten as fine as the means at command would permit. This was mixed with water, and


21


INDIAN "WILL."


1728.]


baked upon a flat stone which had been previously heated in the fire. The trappers followed the Indians' example in the baking of "Shawnee cakes," as they called them, and the lapse of a few years was sufficient to corrupt the term into that of "Johnny Cake," so familiar throughout the South, and in common use at this day .*


The daring trappers who first came to make friends of the Red Man evidently had more regard for the peltries, which were exchangeable for coin, than for the beauty of difficult Indian names, by which mountains and streams were designated; and with the merciless hardihood of their natures they ruth- lessly extinguished the aboriginal titles, and cut out for after generations meaningless names, which had nothing to commend them beyond their ease of pronunciation. Thus, we have to-day no "Caiuctu- cuc," but simply " Will's Creek." Caiuctucuc Creek, and the great mountain which forms the northern boundary of the city of Cumberland, were baptised by the earliest settlers here, as "Will's Creek," and "Will's Mountain." "Will" was a full blooded Indian, who with his family and a few followers, remained in the land of their fathers, and despite the approach of the white men did not remove their wigwams, but received their strange visitors with a kindly greeting, and lived upon terms of intimate friendship with them. His wigwam was built in a little cove lying between the west side of Will's Mountain and Will's Knob, about three miles from the mouth of the creek, and in the vicinity of


#It has been generally claimed that "Johnny Cake" was a corruption of "Journey Cake."


22


HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND.


I743.7


the rocky formation known as the "Devil's Ladder." He had for a neighbor another Indian, known as Eve. Indian Will exercised a sort of proprietary right over all the land in the vicinity of his lodge, and one of the earliest tracts surveyed, by Colonel Thomas Cresap, at the instance of Governor Bladen, was designated "Will's Town," and was located along the creek from the mouth of Jenning's Run, containing 915 acres. The claims of Will to the ownership of property were respected to a certain extent; that is to say, when grants were obtained the settlers did not fail to give him some trifle as a pretended compensa- tion. In referring to this place it became customary with the settlers and trappers to use Will's name as the easiest method of designating it, and in a little while, very naturally, they came to speak of "Will's Creek." Thus the original Indian name for the stream was lost; and the mountain finally obtained its name from the creek.


The date of Will's death is not definitely known, but that event is supposed to have occurred about the close of the revolutionary war, or shortly thereafter. His remains were buried on the very top of Will's Knob, and the place of his sepulture is still pointed out to those who are curious enough to visit it. He left several children, who intermarried with white settlers, and their descendants lived near the Pennsylvania State line, on Will's creek, as late as 1810, but the last of them has now disappeared.


In the map referred to above, and which was drawn in 1751, Will's Creek is marked as "Caiuctucuc Creek," and at that date was known by no other name


23


THE POTOMAC.


1743.]


amongst the Indians. It was a stream of no great pretensions during the summer months, but frequently overflowed its banks after heavy freshets, and spread over much of the bottom land near its mouth. Its shores were thickly fringed with trees and shrubbery, and its waters flowed lazily through the cooling shadows of the "Narrows," a grand rent in the mountain, a mile to the north of the junction of the creek with the river.




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