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REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
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ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02251 7764
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/historyofmarylan00alle_0
840
THE
HISTORY OF MARYLAND,
TO WHICH ARE ADDED
BRIEF BIOGRAPHIES OF DISTINGUISHED STATESMEN. PHILANTHROPISTS, THEOLOGIANS, ETC.
GREAT
E
SEAL
.1632
1854.
CRESCITA
OF
MARYLAND.
Prepared for the Schools of maryland.
WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS.
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Allen D-
PHILADELPHIA:
3 & CO.
1866
840
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1746027
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
PAGE
EARLY SETTLEMENTS-LORD BALTIMORE-GOPYN-SIR GEORGE CALVERT -- CECILIUS, SECOND LORD BALTIMORE-PRIVILEGES OF THE CHARTER
CHAPTER II.
LEONARD CALVERT-FATHER WHITE-GEORGE CALVERT-ST. CLEMENT'S ISLAND-EMPEROR OF PISCATAWAY-ST. MARY'S-INDIANS-CHAPEL AT ST. MARY'S 12
CHAPTER III.
PATENT TO SIR EDMUND PLOWDEN-NEW ALBION-KING'S MESSAGE -- SETTLERS OF ST. MARY'S-KENT ISLAND-FIRST LEGISLATIVE ASSEM- BLY-FIGHT ON POCOMOKE RIVER-GOVERNOR CALVERT-LORD BALTI- KORE'S CONDITIONS OF PLANTATION-EXTENT OF SETTLEMENTS. ..
16
CHAPTER IV.
COLONEL CLAIBORNE-COMMANDS TO LORD BALTIMORE-LORD BALTIMORE ORGANIZES HIS GOVERNMENT-ST. GEORGE'S-THE ASSEMBLY-THE VETO -THE RIGHT OF TITLE IN KENT ISLAND DECLARED TO BE IN LORD BALTIMORE-RELIGIOUS DIFFICULTIES -- POPULATION OF ST. MARY'S ....... 21
CHAPTER V.
MEETING OF THE ASSEMBLY-LORD BALTIMORE-MISSIONS OF MALTA- PONY, ETC .- ST. MARY'S AND ST. GEORGE'S-COLONEL CLAIBORNE AP- POINTED TREASURER -- THE GOVERNOR-THE INDIANS-GOVERNOR CAL- VERT-CAPTAIN INGLE-GOVERNOR CALVERT REGAINS ST. MARY'S AND REDUCES KENT ISLAND
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VI.
PAGE
COLONEL WILLIAM STONE APPOINTED LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR-TOLERATION ACT-PROVIDENCE SETTLEMENT-ROBERT BROOKE, ESQ .- COMMISSIONERS SENT BY THE COUNCIL OF STATE-TREATY WITH INDIANS-BROOKE'S DISMISSAL-CALVERT COUNTY-SEIZURE OF PUBLIC RECORDS-BATTLE AT PROVIDENCE-JOSIAS FENDALL APPOINTED LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR ... 29
CHAPTER VII.
RESTORATION OF THE PROVINCE TO LORD BALTIMORE -- ST. MARY'S COUNTY -QUAKERS-ACTION OF THE LOWER HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY-DISMISSAL OF LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR FENDALL-PHILIP CALVERT LIEUTENANT-GOVER- NOR-SETTLEMENTS OF THE EASTERN SHORE-CORNWALLIS-SOMERSET COUNTY-NATURALIZATION ACT-CURIOUS PROCEEDING IN THE ASSEM- BLY-WITCHCRAFT.
35
CHAPTER VIII.
DEATH OF CECILIUS, SECOND LORD BALTIMORE-HIS SUCCESSORS-POPU- LATION IN 1677-COMPLAINT OF THE BISHOP OF LONDON-LORD BALTI- MORE'S REPLY-SINGULAR OCCURRENCE IN THE ASSEMBLY-KING'S OR- DERS-MORALS-POPULATION-PRINTING-PRESS
.
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CHAPTER IX.
PROTESTANT REVOLUTION - ARTICLES OF IMPEACHMENT AGAINST LORD BALTIMORE - WILLIAM AND MARY -GOVERNOR COPLEY -JACOBITES- CATTLE PESTILENCE-POST BETWEEN THE POTOMAC AND PHILADELPHIA -CONVERSION OF THE INDIANS-KING'S LIBRARY-KING'S COMMANDS REGARDING GAME, ETC. 43
CHAPTER X.
MINERAL SPRING-CHARLOTTE HALL-STATE-HOUSE STRUCK BY LIGHT- NING-REV. DR. BRAY-KING'S ORDER, AND REPLY OF THE UPPER HOUSE-TOLERATION LAW-GERMAN EMIGRANTS-DEATH OF CHARLES, LORD BALTIMORE-POPULATION 48
CHAPTER XI.
CHARLES, LORD BALTIMORE-GOVERNOR HART -- CLAIMS OF THE ROMAN CATHOLICS - ANNAPOLIS - MARKET-HOUSE -ARRIVAL OF SCOTCH PRI- SONERS-BALTIMORE -- PENNSYLVANIAA BORDER DIFFICULTIES-SURVEY BY MASON AND DIXON
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CONTENTS.
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CHAPTER XII.
PAGK
GREAT REBELLION SUPPRESSED-REJOICINGS THEREAT-MARYLAND GA- ZETTE-COMMERCE-IRON-DEATH OF CHARLES, LORD BALTIMORE-PO- PULATION-LORD FAIRFAX-BOUNDARY QUESTION-MARYLAND FRONTIER -MASSACRE BY THE INDIANS.
59
CHAPTER XIII.
MEMORIAL TO THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES-FORT FREDERICK-FORT DU- QUESNE CAPTURED-TAXATION-STONE WINDMILL-CONTRIBUTIONS IN AID OF THE SUFFERERS BY A FIRE IN BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS-THE STAMP ACT-NEW STATE-HOUSE-ANNAPOLIS-GOVERNMENT HOUSE. 64
CHAPTER XIV.
DEATH OF THE LAST LORD BALTIMORE-FIRST CONFERENCE OF THE METHOD- IST CHURCH-POPULATION IN 1774-BURNING OF A CARGO OF TEA- ALLEGIANCE TO THE KING -- APPROACHING HOSTILITIES-FIFTH CON- VENTION-THE DECLARATION OF THE FREEMEN OF MARYLAND-SIXTH CONVENTION-SEVENTH CONVENTION-EIGHTH CONVENTION-NINTH CON- VENTION-CHARLES CARROLL-POPULATION
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CHAPTER XV.
BATTLE OF LONG ISLAND -- ATTACK ON BALTIMORE-REPULSE OF THE ENEMY -MARYLAND TROOPS-STATE CONSTITUTION-INSURRECTION-DEVOTION TO THE CAUSE OF INDEPENDENCE-LA FAYETTE-POPULATION IN 1782- PEACE-UNITED STATES CONGRESS AT ANNAPOLIS-RESIGNATION OF WASHINGTON-THE MARYLAND LINE
79
CHAPTER XVI.
TENDER OF ANNAPOLIS AS THE SEAT OF GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES-INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS-GENERAL WILLIAM SMALLWOOD- ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES-COLONEL JOHN EAGER HOWARD-PARTY POLITICS-GOVERNORS FROM 1798 TO 1812- WAR DECLARED AGAINST GREAT BRITAIN-DESTRUCTION OF FRENCH- TOWN AND OTHER PLACES-DEFEAT OF THE AMERICAN FORCES AT WASH- INGTON-ATTACK ON BALTIMORE-DEFEAT AND RETREAT OF THE BRITISH FORCES -- FRANCIS S. KEY-PEACE.
90
CHAPTER XVII.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS-CHESAPEAKE & OHIO CANAL COMPANY-AFRICAN COLONIZATION-AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION-NORTHEAST BOUNDARY CORNER-STONE-REVISING THE STATE CONSTITUTION-THE GREAT RE- BELLION-INVASION BY THE SOUTHERN ARMIES-BATTLES-CONSTITU- TIONAL CONVENTION-STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION-DECLARATION CF RIGHTS-INVASION-RANSOM OF FREDERICK-GOVERNOR SWANN. ... .
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XVIII.
PAGE
CHEACK OF ENGLAND --. ROMAN CATHOLICS -- LUTHERANS-PURITANS -- QUA- KERS-PRESBYTERIANS 106
CHAPTER XIX.
FIRST ACT OF THE ASSEMBLY TOUCHING SCHOOLS-ACT FOR THE SUPPORT OP FREE SCHOOLS-KING WILLIAM'S FREE SCHOOL-LIBRARIES-PUBLIC $
ACADEMIES-CHARITY SCHOOL -- COLLEGES-WASHINGTON COLLEGE-ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE-UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND-AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE -- STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION-STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 109
BIOGRAPHICAL.
I. EMINENT STATESMEN :
CHARLES CARROLL 118
SAMUEL CHASE 120
WILLIAM PACA
121
THOMAS STONE.
122
WILLIAM PINKNEY
123
WILLIAM WIRT.
125
.
FRANCIS SCOTT KEY 128
ROGER BROOKE TANEY.
134
HENRY WINTER DAVIS.
136
II. MILITARY AND NAVAL HEROES:
JOHN EAGER HOWARD 140
SAMUEL RINGGOLD 142
JOSHUA BARNEY.
143
JOHN RODGERS
114
III. EMINENT THEOLOGIANS :
JOHN CARROLL.
145
THOMAS JOHN CLAGGETT 147
IV. EMINENT PHILANTHROPISTS :
MOSES SHEPPARD.
151
JOHN MCDONOGH
155
V. ARTISTS:
CHARLES WILSON PEALE. 158
VI. CITIZENS OF MARYLAND WHO HAVE BEEN JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT, AND MEM- BERS OF THE CABINET 160
THE GREAT SEAL OF MARYLAND
161
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HISTORY OF MARYLAND.
FIRST LORD BALTIMORE.
CHAPTER I.
Early Settlements-Lord Baltimore-Godyn-Sir George Culvert-Cecilius, second Lord Baltimore-Privileges of the Charter.
1. IN the last Charter of the London, or South Virginia Company, that of A. D. 1612, its territory is stated to extend northward from 1612. Point Comfort, on the Atlantic coast, two hun- dred miles, to the fortieth degree of north lati- tude, which is a little north of the city of Phila- delphia.
1. What is said of the Charter of 1612? Its extent ?
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
2. In A. D. 1628 or 1629, William Claiborne, then Secretary of State, and a member of the Council in the Virginia Colony, took up, 1629. according to the "terms of plantation," and purchased of the Indians and settled with about one hundred colonists, the land known as Kent Island, in Chesapeake Bay. In 1630 this settle- ment, being in the Virginia Territory, sent its Burgesses to the Colonial Assembly.
3. In October, 1629, Lord Baltimore visited Jamestown, the seat of the Colonial Govern- 1629. ment. He is said to have explored at that time the country lying on Chesapeake Bay. If so, it must have been that part which is south of James River, down to the Capes; for he was at home in England in January. The time from his arrival at Jamestown to his reaching home was no more than the then usual time for making that voyage.
4. In 1629, Godyn, a Hollander, purchased from the Indians the territory on the 1629. Delaware River, within the limits of South Virginia, extending from Cape Henlopen thirty miles north, reaching near to where Philadelphia now is. Six years previous this region had been
2. What of William Claiborne ? What did he purchase of the Indians ? What of the settlement in 1630? 3. What of Lord Baltimore ? What did he explore ? 4. What of Godyn ? By whom had this region been occupied previous to Godyn's
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LORD BALTIMORE.
occupied by the Hollanders for trading with the Indians. For their protection they had a fort there, called Fort Nassau.
5. On his arrival at home, Lord Baltimore applied to the king for a grant of the country south of the James River, extending to 1631. the bounds of Carolina. For this he obtained a patent signed February, 1631 ; but the Virginia Company brought so powerful an influence to bear against it, that he was compelled to give it up.
6. He then applied for a grant of the country north of the Potomac River, on the Chesa- 1632.
peake; and in this application he was suc- cessful. Before the patent was made out, how- ever, he died, in April, 1632.
7. Sir George Calvert, Lord Baron of Balti- more, was a native Englishman, of Norman de- scent. He had been a clerk, and then a mem- ber, of the Privy Council, and was subsequently a Secretary of State. He was a favorite with the king, and was made by him a baron, and given an estate in Ireland, from which he derived his title. In 1624 he became a Roman Catholic ; and in that faith he died.
S. He was succeeded in his titles and estates
purchase ? 5. What did Lord Baltimore do on his arrival at. home in England ? What was the result of his application ? 6. For what did he afterwards apply? 7. What of Sir George Calvert ? What further is said of him ? 8. By whom
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
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by Cecilius, his eldest son. On the 16th of June, 1632, the patent giving him the territory for which his father had last applied was signed . by the king, who gave it the name of Terra Maria,-that is, Mary- land,-in honor of Henrietta Maria, his queen. 9. This patent, or charter, was for a ter- ritory described as " hitherto uncultivated CECILIUS, SECOND LORD BALTIMORE. and partly occupied by savages," extending from Watkins Point, on the bay, opposite the mouth of the Potomac River, northward to the fortieth degree of north latitude, and from the Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Bay on the east to the Potomac River on the west.
10. This grant included all the territory that is now Delaware, Maryland, all of Pennsylvania to the fortieth degree of north latitude, and a part of West Virginia. Within its bounds were the settlements of Kent Island and of the Holland- ers, which, being cultivated, and not in part occu- pied by savages, were held by those who had
was he succeeded ? What name was given to the territory by the king ? 9. How was this territory described ? 10. What
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V arlt Te aronY
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CHURCHES.
colonized there as excepted, and became a source of future difficulties.
11. This charter made all English emigrants English subjects, with all the rights and privileges of such. It gave them, also, together with Lord Baltimore, authority to make all needful local or provincial laws, without reference to the king or parliament, not conflicting with English law, and provided that no interpretation of the char- ter should be made by which God's holy rites of worship and the true Christian religion should in any wise suffer change, prejudice, or diminu- tion. All churches to be built were to be conse- crated according to the laws of England. Nor was there to be any taxation by the king.
did it include ? 11. What did this charter make all English emigrants ?
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
CHAPTER II.
Leonard Calvert-Father White-George Calvert-St. Clement's Island-Emperor of Piscataway-St. Mary's -Indians-Chapel ut St. Mary's.
1. AFTER a series of delays, in March, 1634, Leonard Calvert, a brother of Lord Balti- 1634. more, with about two hundred colonists, arrived in the Potomac River. These emigrants, all English, consisted, on embarking, of seventeen "gentlemen," whose names are given, and their servants, with two Jesuit priests and their two temporal coadjutors.
2. On their way over, as Father White, one of these priests, relates, no one was attacked 1633. with any sickness till Christmas day, when they were in the West Indies. That the day might be more joyfully celebrated, the wine flowed freely. Some who drank immoderately-about thirty-were seized with a fever; and not long after, twelve of them died, of whom two were Catholics, much lamented. These two were of the " gentlemen" named. This may show us that
1. What of Leonard Calvert? How many emigrants? 2. What is said of them by Father White? 3. What of the
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INDIANS.
a portion of the emigrants were not Roman Catholics.
3. Before reaching the Potomac, the emigrant ships touched at Jamestown. There, George Calvert, another brother of Lord Baltimore, and one of the seventeen "gentlemen," remained and settled, leaving only fourteen of that class to pro- ceed on their voyage.
4. While at Jamestown, Governor Calvert sig- nified to Secretary Claiborne that he was now a member of the Maryland plantation, and must re- linquish all relation with and dependence on the Virginia colony,-knowing, at the same time,, that his residence was in Jamestown, that his official connections were there, and that his plant -. ation, Kent Island, was neither uncultivated nor partly inhabited by savages, and, consequently, not within Lord Baltimore's grant. The Secretary laid the demand before the Virginia Council, by whom it was promptly rejected.
5. Having left Virginia, after landing on St. Clement's Island, in the Potomac, on the 25th of March, 1634, the emigrants soon found that they had not come to a land which was uninhabited, but that within the limits of their patent there were more than twenty Indian tribes, having, it was said, one thousand bowmen.
emigrant ships ? 4. What occurred while at Jamestown ? What became of the demand ? 5. What was ascertained by
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. MARYLAND HISTORY.
6. On finding that many of the kings of these tribes were subject to the Emperor of Piscataway, Governor Cal- vert thought it best to visit him. Hethere- fore sailed up the Potomac to that town, which is eighty miles or more . from the bay, a little above, but nearly opposite to
Mount Ver- non. Apprized of his coming, the Emperor had collected
five hundred
INDIAN.
of his warriors to oppose him. After an inter- view with the Governor, however, the Emperor was so far conciliated, that he said he would neither bid Calvert go nor bid him stay.
7. Returning, the Governor went down the Po-
the emigrants after landing on St. Clement's Island ? 6. What of the tribes ? Where did Governor Calvert now sail ? .How did he meet the Emperor of Piscataway ? 7. Where did
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AUGUSTA CAROLANA.
tomac till he came to a river some twelve miles from the bay, which he named St. George's,- now called St. Mary's. Up this river he sailed a short distance to a place which is called St. Mary's. Here was an Indian tribe, whose land he purchased, for which he paid them in axes, hatchets, hoes, and cloth. The tract thus pur- chased was about one hundred and fifty thousand acres, and was named " Augusta Carolana."
8. The natives readily gave their consent for the emigrants to occupy one part of their town, reserving the other for the present to themselves. The strangers thus obtained at once houses, gar- dens, and fields for their use. At the same time, the Indian men hunted deer and turkeys for them, and the women taught them how to make hominy and hoe-cake of their corn.
9. Of one of the Indian huts the priests made a chapel. This was the first place of worship in ST. MARY'S,-though not in Maryland; for at Kent Island there had been a church for four or five years, in which had officiated more than one Church-of-England minister.
the Governor then go ? What of an Indian tribe ? What was the purchase named? 8. What did the natives then do ? What did the emigrants at once obtain ? 9. What of one of the Indian huts ?
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
CHAPTER III.
Patent to Sir Edmund Plowden-New Albion-King's Message-Settlers of St. Mary's-Kent Island-First Legislative Assembly-Fight on Pocomoke River-Gover- nor Calvert-Lord Baltimore's Condition of Plantation -Extent of Settlements.
1. ON the 21st of June, 1634, the king gave a patent to Sir Edmund Plowden of a ter-
1634. ritory which materially interfered with the one which had been given to Lord Baltimore. It embraced the country north of a line running west from Cape May to the Potomac, and included, as then supposed, the upper part of Kent Island, all of Maryland from near Annapolis northward, half of Delaware, and part of Pennsylvania.
2. This was the third grant that the king had made of the same territory. It was named New Albion, and Sir Edmund was constituted its Earl Palatine. He is said to have located his colony not far from Cape May. But he and his colonists were early cut off' by the Indians; and we hear little afterwards of New Albion.
3. On the 23d of July the king sent word to
1. What of Sir Edmund Plowden ? What did his patent embrace ? 2. What further of this grant ? 3. What occurred
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INDIAN DEPREDATIONS.
the Governor and Council of Virginia that it was not intended that Lord Baltimore's charter should be any invasion of their chartered rights; their occupancy of Kent Island was clearly under those rights, and their refusal to yield to Lord Baltimore's claim was sustained by him.
4. This decision the king communicated to Lord Baltimore, telling him that it was contrary to justice and his true intent to dispossess Clai- borne and his colony of their lands and island. In the following September, nevertheless, Lord Baltimore sent his Governor instructions that if Claiborne would not submit to his government he should be seized and punished.
5. The settlers at St. Mary's soon found that the place was very unhealthy. As the narrative states, they were taken with a disease somewhat like an ague,-which they called a seasoning,- of which many died for want of proper care and through their own ill conduct.
6. At the same time, Kent Island suffered much from the Susquehanna Indians from the north, and the Wicomeses on the south, though they were enemies to each other. Three of the islanders were killed, and more than one battle. with these Indians was fought.
on the 23d of July, 1634? 4. What of this decision ? What- did Lord Baltimore do? 5. What of St. Mary's ? 6. What 2*
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
1635.
7. In February, 1635, it is said that there was held the first legislative assembly of the free- men of the province. They showed that they felt called to legislate for themselves, and actually did so. But every act which was then passed, Lord Baltimore vetoed; and all that had been done came to nothing.
8. In April of this year, being in want of pro- visions, the Kent Islanders sent two boats down the bay, some sixty miles, to the Pocomoke River, to trade with the Indians for corn. But they were pursued by ·a boat from St. Mary's, when a fight occurred, in which one of the St. Mary's men and three of the Kent Islanders were killed, and the boats and crews of the latter were captured.
9. Governor Calvert then sent to the Gover- nor of Virginia to GOVERNOR CALVERT. reclaim Claiborne,- whose tenants the Kent Islanders were,-as a criminal against the laws of Maryland, when not
of Kent Island? 7. What of the first legislative assem- bly ? 8. What took place in April in consequence of the want of provisions ? 9. What did Governor Calvert do ?
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CONDITIONS OF PLANTATION.
one act of the Assembly had been confirmed, and, consequently, there were no laws of Maryland. The Governor of Virginia had been deposed by the Council and sent to England : so that Captain Claiborne, being the highest officer left in the colony, was not to be reached by the Maryland Governor.
10. Lord Baltimore's "conditions of plantation," so called, issued by him this year, assigned 1635. to every emigrant from England, bring- ing in five men, one thousand acres of land, with , manorial privileges,-subject to an annual quit- rent of twenty shillings ; if he brought in a less number, he should have assigned to him one hun- dred acres for himself, one hundred for each servant, and if he had a wife and children, one hundred for his wife, and fifty for each child under sixteen years of age, subject to an annual quit-rent of two shillings for every hundred acres.
11. As inducements to emigration, Lord Bal- timore said that the soil was exceedingly rich, and he estimated that each man's labor would bring him forty-nine pounds sterling per annum, while his expenses would be only twenty pounds ; besides which, the planter might be enriched by traffic and commerce.
10. What new conditions did Lord Baltimore issue ? 11. What further inducements did Lord Baltimore offer to emi-
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
12. The settlements extending south of St. Mary's very soon reached the creeks and streams in that direction. One of these was called Trinity Creek. It was six miles from St. Mary's, and on its banks was Trinity Church, the first place of Protestant worship on the Western Shore. Afterwards it was removed to St. Mary's; and the church there still bears the name of Trinity.
13. In 1636, St. Mary's town had fifty or sixty houses. That its growth was not more rapid, 1636. may be accounted for by stating that the planters resided on their plantations, many of which had good landing-places, where their pro- duce was laded and-the goods received in return were unladed. Each plantation, in fact, was a little town. Instead of cash rents, Lord Balti- more now substituted grain, making seventy pounds of wheat equal to twelve and a half pence.
grants? 12. How far did the settlements extend ? 13. What of St. Mary's in 1636? What did Lord Baltimore now substitute for cash rents ?
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COLONEL CLAIBORNE.
CHAPTER IV.
Colonel Claiborne-Commands to Lord Baltimore-Lord Baltimore organizes his Government-St. George's-The Assembly-The Veto-The Right of Title in Kent Island declared to be in Lord Bultimore-Religious Difficulties -- Population of St. Mary's.
1. IN 1637, Colonel Claiborne (so he was now called) went to England; and with him the Rev. Richard James, who had been the
1637. Church-of-England minister at Kent Island. On the colonel's gaining access to the king, Lord Baltimore was commanded by the royal au- thority to molest the Kent Islanders no further, and enjoined that they should be safe in their per- sons and goods.
2. During this year Lord Baltimore reor- ganized his government, and added to his Gover- nor's Council John Lewger, Esq., whom he made Secretary of State, also, and Keeper of Records and Receiver of Rents. Lewger arrived on the 28th of December; and from this period date the regular records of the province.
1. What of Colonel Claiborne in 1637 ? 2. When did Lor! Baltimore reorganize his government ? When did the regular records of the province begin ? 3. What of the first record ?
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
3. Almost the first record is under date of De- cember 31,-that Kent Island had in some measure been reduced to the obedience of Lord Baltimore. Warrants were issued against eleven of the Kent Islanders. Arms against them had failed, and legal measures were now resorted to. But for the time-being these also failed. Such was the regard paid to the king's order by his lordship.
4. On the 4th of January, 1638, a new hun- dred, named St. George's, was erected on the 1638. west side of St. George's River. This was a Protestant hundred; and in it was erected a Protestant church at Poplar Hill, where one still stands. Of the seventeen gentlemen who embarked for the province in 1633, twelve at this date were either dead or had left the colony. One of the remaining five died in the following July.
5. On the 25th of January the freemen of the province met in assembly again, at the Gov- 1638. ernor's summons. Those who could not be present in person acted by proxy. Some of these "freemen" had been brought over as indented ser- vants, but had served out their time and become landholders. Of this class some became leading citizens in the colony.
6. To this Assembly Lord Baltimore had sent
What of warrants, arms, &c. ? 4. What of St. George's ? What further is said of this settlement? 5. What of the meeting of the Assembly ? 6. What did Lord Baltimore send
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KENT ISLAND CONFISCATED.
a code of laws to be passed. But they were rejected by a large majority. Some, however, were selected, and, with alterations, were passed. Meanwhile, Governor Calvert, having gathered a sufficient force, sailed up to Kent Island and reduced it to Lord Baltimore's obedience. Colonel Claiborne had not returned from England.
7. At an adjourned meeting of the Assembly, Claiborne's property in Kent Island was confis- cated to Lord Baltimore's use, and his commander in the battle on the Pocomoke in 1635 was con- demned for murder, and was subsequently executed. All this was clearly contrary to the king's injune- tion, and done as clearly under an ex post facto law. In due time came Lord Baltimore's veto to every act passed by the Assembly, save those touching Claiborne and his commander. The province had still no statute or provincial laws.
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