USA > Maryland > The history of Maryland, to which are added brief biographies of distinguished statesmen, philanthropists, theologians, etc.; prepared for the schools of Maryland > Part 2
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8. On the 4th of April it was decided by the Privy Council in England, notwithstanding all that the king had ordered, and notwithstanding the express words of the charter, that the title to Kent Island was in Lord Baltimore, it being within the bounds of his province. Claiborne, therefore, for the present, gave up the contest ; but it was not yet ended, as we shall sce.
to this Assembly ? What did Governor Calvert do ? 7. What was done at an adjourned meeting of the Assembly ? What is said of this action? What of the veto? 8. What was
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
1638.
9. Early in July a difficulty occurred in St. Mary's between some Protestants and Ro- man Catholics ; and the result was that the leading Roman Catholic was censured, and fined five hundred pounds of tobacco, because his act was in violation of the Governor's proclama- tion prohibiting unreasonable disputations and offensive specches about religion.
10. These disputes had before this been carried to such an extent as to call forth that proclama- tion; and now fines were resorted to. Father White states that there were frequent causes of discord; and the court records show that more than one-fifth of the people were at law with each other.
11. The population of St. Mary's was now about three hundred, and that of Kent Island about two hundred. One of the priests and a coadjutor died this year, while the other priests did not escape what Father White calls the pre- vailing sickness. More than one-half, indeed, of the St. Mary's colonists must have suffered from its attacks, and two of the remaining "gentle- men" who came over in 1634 died this year.
decided on the 4th of April by the Privy Council ? 9. What difficulty occurred in July ? 10. What of Father White ? 11. Population of St. Mary's and of Kent Island? What of the prevailing sickness ?
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ASSEMBLY OF 1639.
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CHAPTER V.
Meeting of the Assembly-Lord Baltimore-Missions of Mattapony, etc .- St. Mary's and St. George's-Colonel Claiborne appointed Treasurer-The Governor-The In- dians-Governor Calvert-Captain Ingle-Governor Cul- vert regains St. Mary's and reduces Kent Island.
1. IN February, 1639, an Assembly was con- voked. It consisted of the Governor and Council, deputies appointed by the freemen, 1639. and those whom the Governor summoned indi- vidually.
2. Lord Baltimore now receded from his claim of proposing all the laws to be passed, and con- ceded that privilege to the Assembly ; but he re- served to himself the confirmation or rejection of them. The acts of the last Assembly which had been vetoed were again passed, as well as a num- ber of others. Some of them show that all har- mony between the Indians and the colonists was at an end. Symptoms of discontent had been manifested by all the tribes of the Potomac, and an expedition against the Susquehannas was pro- vided for by the Assembly.
1. What of the Assembly in 1639? 2. What did Lord Baltimore now do ? . Of the Acts of the Assembly ? 3. Of
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
3. The priests, at this date, had missions at Mattapony, on the Patuxent, at Piscataway, on
AN INDIAN VILLAGE.
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the Potomac, on Kent Island, and at St. Mary's. But the mission at Piscataway was recalled, and the Governor forbade the priests to receive any donations of land from the Indians, ordering, at the same time, that what had been already given should be restored to Lord Baltimore.
4. Other hundreds besides St. Mary's and St. George's had been established before this, and now another, called St. Clement's, was made, some twenty miles higher up the Potomac. In this hundred was at once erected a third Protestant church in St. Mary's, and there one stands to this day.
5. In 1639, Colonel Claiborne had returned
missions? 4. What new hundred ? 5. Of Colonel Clai-
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INDIANS. -
from England; and he now made a demand on Governor Calvert for the recovery of his debts, as also for his cattle and other property on Kent Island, but was coolly informed that all had been confiscated to the use of Lord Baltimore.
6. In 1641 the Indians appear to have become permanently fixed in their discontent at the 1641. intrusion of the colonists, and gave much trouble, greatly annoying the frontier settlements on both sides of the bay.
7. In 1642, Colonel Claiborne was appointed King's Treasurer in Virginia for life. This appointment shows him to have been on the 1642. king's side in the contest between the king and the Parliament. Lord Baltimore, however, stood neuter, and was not allowed to leave the king- dom, even to come over to his province.
8. In the General Assembly of 1642, the first thing done was to take away from the Governor the power of adjournment and to keep it in the hands of the Assembly : so strong had the people's influence become. Nor was even the control of the expedition against the Indians left, as had hitherto been the case, to the Governor and Council, but it was given by the Assembly to a leader of their own appointing.
borne ? 6. Indians ? 7. What further of Colonel Claiborne ? Of Lord Baltimore ? 8. What did the General Assembly do ?
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
9. The Indians had already invaded the homes of the colonists, and such was the state of affairs that no one able to bear arms was permitted to go any distance from home without them. So great was the alarm that on the 28th of August the Governor issued his proclamation for the in- habitants to take shelter in their block-houses.
10. Early in 1643, Governor Calvert paid a visit to England, and was absent till Sep- 1643. tember of the following year. Towards the end of 1644, Colonel Claiborne, by means of a naval and military force, regained possession of Kent Island, after having been dispossessed 1644. of it for five years. Governor Calvert very soon sent an expedition against it, which, how- ever, was not successful.
1645.
11. In the spring of 1645, Captain Ingle, with an armed vessel, by direction, it is said, of Parliament, took St. Mary's by surprise. Governor Calvert fled to Virginia, and the priests and almost all the Roman Catholics were banished from the province. Its government was now in the hands of the Protestants.
12. After nearly two years, towards the end of 1646, Governor Calvert, having obtained a 1646. body of soldiers in Virginia, and being
9. What of the Indians? Of the alarm ? 10. What of Governor Calvert and Colonel Claiborne ? 11. Of Captain
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COLONEL WILLIAM STONE.
assisted by a few loyal friends, returned, and re- gained possession of St. Mary's. By the follow- ing April he had reduced Kent Island under his government, and defeated the Eastern Shore In- dians in a great battle.
13. On the 9th of June, 1647, Governor Calvert died, leaving alive but a single one of the 1647. original seventeen gentlemen who had em-
barked with him for Maryland in 1633. A tem- porary Governor succeeded him.
CHAPTER VI.
Colonel William 'Stone appointed Lieutenant-Governor- Toleration Act-Providence Settlement-Robert Brooke, Esq .- Commissioners sent by the Council of State- Treaty with Indians-Brooke's Dismissal-Culvert County -- Seizure of Public Records .- Battle at Providence- Josias Fendall appointed Lieutenant-Governor.
1. Ox the 17th of August, 1648, Lord Bal- timore appointed Colonel William Stone his Lieutenant-Governor. Stone was from 1648. Northampton county, Virginia, and was a Protest- ant. He was appointed on condition of bringing
Ingle ? 12. What occurred two years after ? 13. When did Governor Calvert die ? How many of the seventeen gentle- men now remained alive ?
1. What of Colonel Stone? Where was Colonel Stone 3*
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
into the province five hundred colonists of British or Irish descent; and his oath of office required him not to trouble, molest, or discountenance any one professing to believe in Jesus Christ, and, in par- ticular, no Roman Catholic.
2. In the Assembly of the following year, 1649, the celebrated Toleration Act, so called, was 1649. passed. Great pains have been taken to make it appear that this act emanated from Lord Baltimore. But in his commission to Governor Stone we are shown, in his own words, that it was proposed to him.
3. Of the five hundred colonists engaged to be brought in by Governor Stone, about one hun- dred Protestants, known as Puritans, came from Virginia. These settled on the Severn River, near and around where Annapolis now is. They called the place Providence. The rest came in mainly from Virginia also, and from England. They were mostly, if not entirely, of the Church of England, and settled on the bay and its tribu- taries south of the Severn down to the Patuxent. They very early had churches near St. Leonard's Creek, at Herring Creek, and near South River. This region was called Anne Arundel county.
4. On the 20th of September, Robert Brooke,
from? On what conditions was he appointed ? 2. What of the Toleration Act? 3. Of the five hundred colonists brought in ? Where had they churches ? 4. What of Robert
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CHARLES COUNTY.
Esq., in England, received a commission from Lord Baltimore to be one of the Council in 1649. Maryland, and the commander of a county to be created for him, called Charles county, which was to embrace the territory south and southwest of the Patuxent, from the bay up that river as far as where Benedict now is.
5. Brooke came over with his colonists in the following year. They were all of the Church of England ; and with them came the first 1650. minister of that Church who settled on the West- ern Shore. Their church was not far below Bene- dict, near the Patuxent.
6. In September, 1651, the government of England being in the hands of the Parlia- 1651. ment, its "Council of State" sent over com- missioners to receive the allegiance of Virginia and Maryland; and among these commissioners was named Colonel Claiborne.
7. In March of the following year two of the Commissioners came to Maryland, and, Governor Stone declining to act under their 1652. authority, the government was placed in the hands of a Council, of which Mr. Brooke was made president. Maryland thus a second time fell under the government of the Protestants, and
Brooke, Esq. ? 5. Of his colonists ? 6. What did the Par- liament do? 7. What took place in 1652? Under whose
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
Colonel Claiborne again came into possession of Kent Island.
8. In July, 1652, the Susquehanna Indians, by treaty, gave up to the province all their ter- ritory on the west side of the bay from the Pa- tuxent River to the Susquehanna, and all on the east side from the Choptank River to the North-East Branch near the Susquehanna. This territory includes the present Talbot, Queen Anne, Kent, Howard, Carroll, Baltimore, and Harford counties, with the greater part of Cecil county. Below the Choptank, however, the Indians kept up hostilities during this and the following year.
9. In June, 1653, Governor Stone agreed to act under the authority of the Commission- 1653.
ers, and was reinstated in office. Mr. Brooke, however, was dismissed by Lord Baltimore from his Council, and, by his lordship's instructions, Governor Stone reassumed the government under him. There were now two governments in the province,-one in St. Mary's, under Lord Bal- timore, the other in Anne Arundel, under the Commissioners.
10. On the 3d of July, Governor Stone united
government did Maryland fall for a second time? 8. What of a treaty with the Indians? What territory was se- cured ? 9. Of Governor Stone? Mr. Brooke? Of two governments ? 10. What of Governor Stone ? What of
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CALVERT COUNTY.
Mr. Brooke's Charles county with the lower part of Anne Arundel, forming a new county which was named Calvert. In October the Commission- ers called an Assembly, excluding the Roman Catholics and all who had borne arms against the Parliament. At this Assembly, which met in Anne Arundel, the name of Providence was given to Anne Arundel county, and the new county of Calvert was called Patuxent.
11. Instigated by Lord Baltimore, Governor Stone sought to bring Providence and Patuxent counties under his own jurisdic- 1655. tion. In March, 1655, with a military force of about two hundred men gathered in St. Mary's, he marched to Patuxent, seized the public records of the province, and then proceeded to Provi- dence.
12. There a battle took place with the Provi- dence men, on the neck of land southeast of where the State-house now is, in which Governor Stone was defeated, with the loss of fifty men killed and wounded, and the rest taken prisoners. Thus ended the St. Mary's expedition, and, for the time-being, Lord Baltimore's government in the province.
13. Lord Baltimore himself, however, did not
Anne Arundel county ? 11. What did Governor Stone do ? Where did he march ? 12. What of a battle? The result ?
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
so readily give up. On the 10th of July, 1656, he appointed Josias Fendall, Esq., his 1656. Lieutenant-Governor. The government at
ANNAPOLIS
SEVERN
RIVER
Greenbury Point.
CHESAPEAKE BAY.
The Battle Ground
MAP OF THE BATTLE-GROUND.
Providence at once arrested Fendall and threw him into prison ; but he was soon after released, upon his promise, under oath, not to disturb the existing government.
13. What did Lord Baltimore then do ? Who was arrested : What of Fendall's release ?
QUAKERS. 35
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CHAPTER VII.
Restoration of the Province to Lord Baltimore-St. Mary's County-Quakers-Action of the Lower House of Assem- bly-Dismissal of Lieutenant-Governor Fendall-Philip Calvert Lieutenant-Governor-Settlements of the Eastern Shore- Cornwallis - Somerset County-Naturalization Act-Curious Proceeding in the Assembly-Witchcraft.
1. AFTER much negotiation in England be- tween Lord Baltimore and the Commission- ers' agents, the government of the province 1657. was restored to his lordship, under an agreement entered into on the .30th of November, 1658. 1657, and on the 24th of March following it was formally surrendered to Governor Fendall.
2. Just previous to the last date, St. Mary's county was divided, and the northern part of it, from the intersection of the Wicomico River with the Potomac northward, was called Charles county ; and a few months after the name of Provi- dence was changed back to Arundel county, and that of Patuxent to Calvert county.
3. In July the case of the Quakers came up. They alleged that they were governed by God's
1. What negotiations were entered into ? When was the government surrendered by Governor Fendall? 2. What of St. Mary's county ? Of Providence ? 3. Of the Quakers ?
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
law and the light within, and not by man's. In carrying out these principles, it was charged, they disturbed the government. They were all, there- fore, ordered to leave the province before the 5th of the following month, under penalty of being treated as rebels and traitors.
4. In August, 1659, the Quakers having paid no attention to the decree of 1658, they were 1659. ordered to be banished, and it was directed that if found in the province again they should be whipped thirty lashes at every constable's till they were out of it; no person was permitted to harbor 'or conceal them, upon pain of a fine of five hundred pounds of tobacco. This decree, like the former, proved of no effect; and, though some of the Quakers were imprisoned, the sect greatly increased both in numbers and wealth.
5. In the year 1660, on the General Assembly's being convened, the Lower House declared 1660. itself to be the Assembly and highest court of judicature, without dependence on any other power. This set aside the authority of Lord Baltimore, and struck away the Upper House. In obedience "to the will of the people," Gover- ror Fendall and two of the Council gave in their
What did they allege ? What were they ordered to do ? 4. Did they obey the order? What further order was issued to compel obedience? 5. What did the Lower House of
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EASTERN SHORE SETTLEMENTS. 37
adherence and took their seats in the Lower House. The Governor then became its president, and accepted a commission from the Assembly, resign- ing his commission from Lord Baltimore.
6. This in due time coming to the ears of Lord Baltimore, on the 24th of June he dismissed Fendall, and appointed his brother, Philip Cal- vert, Lieutenant-Governor. Two months after this, he ordered Calvert to arrest Fendall, and on no account to pardon him. "This," said he, "is a positive declaration." But the people were too much in the ascendant: the order could not be. executed, and, on his submission, Fendall was. pardoned, part of his estate, however, being con -- fiscated. The other leaders were similarly fa -. vored.
7. In 1651 settlements were made in the lower parts of the Eastern Shore, from the adjoin- ing country in Virginia. These settlers were 1661. of the Church of England. A few years after- wards they were joined by a considerable number of Presbyterians, emigrants from Scotland ; and here, indeed, was the cradle of Presbyterianism in the United States. During this and the three
Assembly declare? How did this affect Lord Baltimore ? Of Governor Fendall? 6. What did Lord Baltimore do next ? Whom did he appoint. Lieutenant-Governor ? What did he order Philip Calvert to do? What resulted? 7. What settlements in 1661 ? Describe the settlers. 8. Who . 4
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
following years the Indians continued their depre- dations.
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1662.
8. In 1662, Philip Calvert was succeeded in the government by Lord Baltimore's son Charles. In the year following, Cornwallis, the only remaining one of the seventeen gentle- men who had embarked for Maryland from Eng- land in 1633, went back to his native country. The population of the province was now nearly sixteen thousand.
9. In 1666 the settlements on the Eastern Shore near Virginia were erected into a 1666. county, which was named Somerset, in honor of his lordship's sister, Lady Mary Somerset. In the commission given to the magistrates appointed for this county, they were directed, under oath, to inquire, among other things, respecting witchcrafts, enchantments, sorceries, and magic art.s.
10. As showing not only the influx of immi- grants, but also the various nationalities of which the population of the province was composed, other than those of English or Irish descent, it may be here stated that in this year there were naturalized, and, by acts of Assembly, made citi- zens, persons from France, Bohemia, and Spain, and, subsequently, from Holland, Italy, and other
succeeded Philip Calvert ? What of the last of the seventeen gentlemen ? 9. What settlements on the Eastern Shore in 1666 ? 10. What of naturalization of citizens ? 11. What cu-
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WITCHCRAFT.
countries. This act of 1666 was the first act of the kind passed by any American legislative body.
11. A curious proceeding of the General Assem- bly may be here noted. On the 1st of May, 1666, a member was presented by the Lower to the Upper House, charged with having disturbed the whole House, by calling them papists, rogues, pitiful rogues, puppies, &c. By order of the Upper House, he was brought before it by the sheriff; whereupon he said that he remembered none of the words alleged, but that he was in drink. The Upper House adjudged the answer altogether un- satisfactory, and that no person of full age should take advantage by drunkenness in such a case. It was therefore ordered that he be tied to the apple-tree before the House of Assembly, be there publicly whipped upon the bare back thirty-nine lashes, and be then brought into both Houses of Assembly to ask their forgiveness.
12. John Connor, it is recorded, in 1674, had been convicted and condemned for witchcraft, conjuration, sorcery, or enchantment. The 1674. Lower House petitioned for his reprieve, which was granted, with this proviso, that the sheriff carry him to the gallows, and, the rope being round his neck, it there be made known to him how
rious proceeding in the Assembly ? What judgment was passed upon the offender? 12. What of John Connor and witch- craft ?
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
much he was beholden to the Lower House for their intercession. This is the only case of prose- cution for these crimes met with in the Maryland journals of legislation.
CHAPTER VIII.
Death of Cecilius, second Lord Baltimore-His Successors -- Population in 1677-Complaint of the Bishop of Lon- don-Lord Baltimore's Reply-Singular Occurrence in the Assembly - King's Orders - Morals -- Population - Printing-Press.
1. ON the 3d of November, 1675, Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, died, aged about seventy, and his 1675. son, Charles Calvert, who for the last thirteen years had been Governor of this province, suc- ceeded to his titles and estates. He continued to reside in Maryland as its Governor-except during a visit to England in 1677-for eleven years. The population now is stated to have reached twenty thousand.
2. On the 7th of July, 1677, the Bishop of London, in a memorial to the Privy Council, stated that in Maryland there was no settled maintenance for ministers, the want whereof, said
1. When did Cecilius, the second Lord Baltimore, die ? Who succeeded him? 2. What of the Bishop of London ?
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1677.
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CHURCHES.
he, occasioned a total absence in many places of ministers and divine worship, except those of the Roman belief, who were held to amount to not more than one in a hundred of the people.
3. Lord Baltimore, then in England, was sum- moned to answer the complaint; and he replied to it, that the Presbyterians, Independents, and Quakers constituted three-fourths of the popu- lation, and that there were four Church-of-Eng- land ministers who had a decent subsistence.
4. In the session of the Assembly of Novem- ber, 1682, the following circumstance oc- curred, which may give us some idea of the 1682. temper and the customs of the times. The Lower House refused to receive messages from the Upper by its members having their swords on. The Upper House then voted that no one from the Lower should come in with a message without taking off his hat. This was aimed at some Quakers. The controversy continued some days, but the Upper House at length yielded.
5. In 1684, Lord Baltimore was ordered by the king to put all the offices in the province 1684. . into the hands of the Protestants. But he returned to England the same year without doing so, leaving the government of the province in the
3. What did Lord Baltimore answer? 4. What occurred in the Assembly in 1682? 5. What order was issued by the 4#
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MARYLAND HISTORY.
hands of a commission, of which William Joseph, Esq., was president, under the nominal governor- ship of his infant son, Benedict Leonard Calvert.
6. In April, 1687, the writ of quo warranto was issued by the king, requiring Lord Bal- 1687. timore to show cause why his charter should not be forfeited. Before the proceedings could be terminated, however, the king (James II.) was himself deposed, and fled from England ; and thus the charter was saved to the Proprietary.
7. At the meeting of the Assembly, November 14, 1688, the president in, his address repre- 1688. sented the morals of the province in respect to drunkenness, adultery, Sabbath-breaking, and swearing as alarming, and as calling for legislative enactments to furnish a remedy. The Lower House concurred in his statements. The popu- lation now was set down as twenty-five thousand, -an increase of nine thousand in the twenty-six years since 1662, when the government had been restored to his lordship.
8. At this period there was a printing-press in Maryland, and the province had a public printer. We find nothing to show, however, that the press was used for any other than governmental pur- poses.
king? Was the order executed ? 6. What did the king then . do ? What was the result ? 7. What was the state of morals in the province in 1688? The population ? 8. Printing-press :
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PROTESTANT REVOLUTION.
CHAPTER IX.
Protestant Revolution-Articles of Impeachment against Lord Baltimore-William and Mary-Governor Copley- Jacobites-Cuttle Pestilence-Post between the Potomac and Philadelphia-Conversion of the Indians-King's Library-King's Commands regarding Game, d'c.
1. ON the 1st of August, 1689, occurred what is known as the PROTESTANT REVOLUTION. in Maryland, when Lord Baltimore's officials 1689. surrendered to the Protestants in arms, and the government passed into the hands of a Protest- ant association. This was the third time that the Protestants had come into its possession during the fifty-five years of its existence.
2. The Lower House, at their last assembly, had presented as grievances, that instead of receiving for rents, &c., tobacco at twopence per pound, according to law, his lordship's receivers demanded money ; that he had failed to appoint naval offi- cers as the law required; that by his sheriffs lie had arrested citizens and carried them before the Provincial Court, at the same time keeping them in ignorance of the charges against them ;
1. What of the Protestant Revolution ? 2. What griev- ances did the Lower House present? 3. Of articles of impeach-
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