USA > Maine > Lincoln County > Bristol > History of York, Maine, successively known as Bristol (1632), Agamenticus (1641), Gorgeana (1642), and York (1652) Vol. I > Part 1
USA > Maine > York County > York > History of York, Maine, successively known as Bristol (1632), Agamenticus (1641), Gorgeana (1642), and York (1652) Vol. I > Part 1
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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42
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ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01092 2893
HISTORY OF YORK MAINE
Successively known as Bristol (1632), Agamenticus (1641), Gorgeana (1642), and York (1652)
IN THREE VOLUMES VOLUME I
BY CHARLES EDWARD BANKS Assistant Surgeon General, U.S. P.H. S. (Retired)
Member of the MAINE, NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETIES and of the AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY
Author of COL. ALEXANDER RIGBY AND THE PROVINCE OF LYGONIA (1885), LIFE LETTERS AND PUBLIC SERVICES OF EDWARD GODFREY (1887), HISTORY OF MARTHAS VINEYARD, MASS., (1911), ENGLISH HOMES AND ANCESTRY OF THE PILGRIMS (1929), THE WINTHROP FLEET OF 1630 (1930) AND PLANTERS OF THE COMMONWEALTH (1930)
With Contributions on Topography and Land Titles BY ANGEVINE W. GOWEN, C. E. SKETCHES BY THE AUTHOR
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS MCMXXXI
DT21H
COPYRIGHTED 1931 BY CHARLES EDWARD BANKS All rights reserved
PRINTED IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
THE CALKINS PRESS BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS
Boadopiero -$ 35.00 (2 miles)
1202903
TO RICHARD I AND TO RICHARD IX ANCESTOR AND A DESCENDANT OF THE AUTHOR
THIS HISTORY IS INSCRIBED AS A MEMORIAL OF ONE AND AN INSPIRATION TO THE OTHER
The Custome of those who write histories, is to propose in the beginnge a modell of the subject they meane to handle: Mine is, of noble men and noble mindes, whom I will not celebrate above the merit: Stand or stoope they shall unto themselves: .. . Present them I will with my gleanings of forty yeares vacant houres, howe unbound- soever these handfuls bee, gathered out of the vast feildes of theire evidences, the Kings severall Courts, Desolated monasteries, the private stores of more than fower score men, with an hundred other manuscripts and chartularies.
John Smith of Nibley, Lives of the Berkeleys, 1628
PREFACE
It is manifestly appropriate that in the three hundredth year after the first settler built his rude habitation on the banks of what is now Meeting House Creek, the history of this ancient town should be completed for presentation to its citizens and to the greater public whose interest in their inheritance can now be satisfied. It is somewhat extraor- dinary that this premier settlement in the Colonial plans of Sir Ferdinando Gorges should have been the last to have its romantic annals untold until dozens of the younger towns, begun when York had long passed its first century of existence, had published their less important claims to public attention. It is true that ephemeral and sketchy monographs have appeared in the last half century, scarcely exceeding in treatment the surface harrowing of a guidebook, but no one has undertaken an exhaustive study of the origin and development of this town, based on contemporary documents and historical evidences, both here and abroad, such as the author hopes will be mani- fested as a result of his many years of researches. No pains have been spared to make this history as definitive as is humanly possible.
Ten of my paternal ancestors were among the first "planters" of York and through this inheritance, stimu- lated from early manhood by an historic interest in my native state, the beginnings of this work date back a half a century. The preparation of this history and its com- pletion is the fulfillment of a youthful vision, then vaguely formulated when my ancestral association with the settle- ment of York became known to me, and I now feel that I have thereby executed a filial obligation to their memory as well as having the added satisfaction of setting the key- stone in the arch of historical narrations of pioneer days on the Maine Coast.
V
.
HISTORY OF YORK
A well-known antiquary many years ago wrote this of our town: "Old York, be it remembered, is one of those places toward which the history of a county or section converges."1 This is not only true in the abstract, but such has been the intimate connection between this early settle- ment in the Province of Maine that it has been difficult to separate its local concerns from the greater affairs of the Province, of which for over a century it was the politi- cal center. Using a term unfamiliar in this country but well understood in England, John Josselyn, the traveler and author, called York "the Metropolitan of the Prov- ince" by which he meant the capitol town of the shire.2 Until 1760, with an occasional exception, the great courts of the Province were held here and all the official records relating to lands and estates were here kept.
Under the favoring skies of a different political atmos- phere and had it been under the guiding hand of its per- severing patron in his early manhood instead of in the evening of his days, it would have furnished us with the evidences of a greater destiny than fell to its lot in the throes of the Civil War, and amid bitter religious antag- onisms. Through the irony of fate after years of labor and great expense Gorges found himself on the unpopular side of the King, who was too busy fighting for his crown to give support to the overseas problems of this loyal knight. Death claimed both a few years before the patri- mony of the Lord Proprietor slipped from the grasp of his heir, through the machinations of his enemies in Massa- chusetts. It is greatly to be deplored that their envious minds deprived us of the melodious adaptation of his own name for his favorite overseas residence - Gorgeana. Notwithstanding these unwarranted and malevolent hin- drances he was able to attract as settlers in his Province and in this town an unusually high type of Englishman. They did not come to York with the annoying purpose of reforming the religious ceremonies of other people or claiming perfection for their civil administration. They found sufficient to occupy their time in attending to their own affairs.
If it shall appear in this volume that some accepted traditions and ancient beliefs are discredited as well as
1 Drake, Nooks and Corners of the New England Coast.
2 Josselyn, Two Voyages.
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PREFACE
suspected conditions verified it is hoped that the evidences in such cases will be sufficient to justify the author's con- clusions. It is the experience of every student of history that local traditions have been evolved from false or dis- located origins and grown in distorted form to be adopted, without critical consideration, as established facts. In this particular York has proved to be no exception to this well understood intellectual vagary.
This history will be found to contain a feature some- what unusual in New England local histories, the result of several years' investigation by the author in England of the origins of its first settlers - a search in which nearly complete success was obtained to make this an interesting and important addition to an intelligent understanding of its character as a Colonial settlement.
It will be further noticed that the events of the last hundred years have not been dealt with as fully as those of the preceding two centuries. This has been a deliber- ate plan for the reason that the record of events of ordinary importance are safely preserved in local archives and a detailed recitation of them might emphasize their impor- tance out of due proportion. Many of the actors in civic affairs in this last century are still living and it would be inappropriate to judge their acts until the results are justi- fied. Beyond this conception of an historian's function it is considered good taste to leave to some future annalist the duty of presenting the story of York in detail in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The story as pre- sented occupies enough space without placing on the author the burden of becoming a journalist of today's news. Something must be left to the future historian who can better appraise the importance of current events. Enough of the last century has been included to bring important matters up to the knowledge of the present generation and that should be sufficient.
The author regrets that a native son of the town admi- rably equipped to write its annals, the late Hon. Nathaniel Grant Marshall, could not have found the opportunity to undertake this task so congenial to his tastes. His great interest in its history is shown not only by a brief historical address at the dedication of the Town House but in his painstaking work of transcribing and rearranging chrono- logically the ancient town records. My earliest notes for
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HISTORY OF YORK
this work (which I yet retain) came from his generous hand at frequent intervals during his lifetime and it is a further pleasure to associate with him the name of his grandson, Frank Dennett Marshall, Esquire, to whom I am deeply beholden for the use of the historical material which he inherited, without which this history never could have been written, as well as for manifold courtesies in the prosecution of the work. His own researches and public addresses on the history of the town carry on the tra- ditions so auspiciously begun by his grandfather. I recall with pleasure a visit to the late Joseph Bragdon in 1890, then Town Clerk, as his guest and the excursions to vari- ous parts of the town under his guidance. To the late Edward L. Smith of Brookline, Mass. I owe in this work the continuation of many years' association in historical research and material help in so many directions that it is not practical to enumerate them. The late Miss Eliza- beth S. Raynes of Boston, an interested descendant of the fine old family so long connected with Brave Boat Harbor since 1643, placed me in her debt for valuable information concerning her ancestors and their neighbors. These ref- erences to those who have passed on indicate personal losses to the author that have occurred in this long quest.
In respect to this modern period the author has been under great obligations to the "Handbook History of the Town of York" published in 1914 by Hon. Edward C. Moody whose volume is an especially valuable collection of facts relating to the recent developments of the town in the last hundred years. His relation of modern civil, political and social events is that of an observer and actor of which he can say:
"Omnia quorum vidi; pars quorum fui."
His industry in this respect has preserved infinite details down to the date of publication and the author hopes that this acknowledgment of source material will cover his use of it.
Albert M. Bragdon, Esquire, of the York County Trust Company has given me every assistance for examination of the church records in his custody and made these oppor- tunities more than a formal courtesy, converting a task into a pleasure. My acknowledgments are also due to viii
PREFACE
Lester M. Bragdon, Esquire, now Town Clerk of York, for valuable assistance in supplying material in many ways in historical and genalogical lines.
I have leaned heavily on my friend, Angevine W. Gowen, C. E., in deciding puzzling questions regarding topography and all matters relating to the location of home lots of the early settlers as well as obtaining from his stock of antiquarian lore many interesting particulars regarding persons and events. Without his help much of the accuracy in the maps showing where our ancestors lived would have been indicated by "probably" and "prox- imately" as substitutes for accurate surveyor's lines.
The reputation of Charles Thornton Libby, Esquire, of Yarmouth, who has been a profound student of early Maine history and genealogy for nearly half a century, will not be enhanced by anything that I can say in apprecia- tion of his knowledge on this subject. During the past decade, in his monumental work on the "Pioneers of Maine" (now in process of publication), I have had the benefit of such portions of his New England-wide searches which happened to touch York matters, in reciprocation of material that I could give him from my own MS collection.
Mr. Gilman L. Moulton must be included among those who have provided me with opportunities to complete special phases of the work, and in other ways has added to the pleasure of its accomplishment. I am also indebted to Mr. Julius H. Tuttle, Librarian of the Massachusetts Historical Society, for constant help in my researches among the collections of that Society which have helped to make this history completer than otherwise possible.
The painefull study, curious serch and care In turning over bookes, both known and rare The great expenses and the little gaynes To countervayle a guerdon for the paynes Doth make the merit to exceed the fame.
(Exon. Mss.)
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
CHAPTER I. GENERAL AND STATISTICAL. 3 Situation and Area. Typographical Features. Geology and Soil. Boundaries. Population. Climate.
CHAPTER II. THE ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS 17 Algonquians and Abenakis. Indian Plague. Sasanoa. Myths and Folklore. Aboriginal Characteristics. Migrations. Language. "Saint" Aspinquid. Absence of Indian Remains.
CHAPTER III. THE PERIOD OF DISCOVERY 30 Visit of Gosnold. Natives in European Dress. Familiarity with English and French Languages. Voyages of Pring and Weymouth. Influence of Bristol. Early Settlements on Coast. Explorations of Capt. John Smith, 1616. Visit of Christopher Levett to the River of Agamenticus.
CHAPTER IV. EDWARD GODFREY, THE FOUNDER OF YORK. . . . Built First House in York, 1630. Its Location. His First Neighbors, Walter Norton and Edward Johnson. Mercantile Career in London and in the Near East. Family Residence in Wilmington, Kent. Death of his Parents. Story of Ancestry. Emigration.
41
CHAPTER V. SIR FERDINANDO GORGES, PATRON OF YORK .. ..
53
.. Antiquity of the Family. Early Military Career. Connection with the Essex Rebellion. Captain of the Fort at Plymouth. Early Association with Chief Justice Popham in First Northern Colony. Supporter of Succeeding Enterprises. Dispatches his Steward, Richard Vines, to Spend Winter on Coast, 1616. Joins Capt. John Mason in Early Development of Maine and New Hampshire. Prin- cipal Organizer of Council for New England, 1620. Grantee of Royal Charter of Province of Maine, 1639. His Family History. Death.
CHAPTER VI. THE MANOR OF POINT CHRISTIAN IN YORK ... 61 The First Manorial Establishment in Maine. Manor House on Gorges Neck and its Occupants. Attached by a Creditor after Death of Gorges. Property Occupied by Rishworth as Agent for Creditor. Sold by Massachusetts, 1684, to Thomas Moulton.
CHAPTER VII. CHARACTER OF THE YORK COLONISTS 68 Their Origin Generally in the West Country. Principally Engaged in Maritime Enterprises. Leaders were of the Gentry of Devon, Somerset and Gloucester. Royalists and Faithful to Established Church. Opposed to Puritan Influences. Emigration not for Reli- gious Reasons like the East Anglians.
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HISTORY OF YORK
CHAPTER VIII. AGAMENTICUS CALLED BRISTOL
Preponderating Influence of Bristol in Early Voyages of Discovery and Colonization. Patents to Bristolians on the Coast of Maine. The Town Residence of Sir Ferdinando Gorges in Bristol. The Con- nection of Humphrey Hooke, a Wealthy Merchant of Bristol, with Agamenticus. His Son William First "Governor" of the Planta- tion. Named Bristol. Patents for its Government and Proprietor- ship. Lists of Patentees. Claims of Independence of Provincial. Authority Conceded. Arrival of Thomas Gorges as Deputy Governor.
CHAPTER IX. SETTLEMENT BY PATENTEES, 1630-1639 . 84
Growth of Coastwise Settlements. Col. Walter Norton Prominent in the Corporation. The Patent of 1631 for Lands on Both Sides of the River. Edward Johnson from the Settlement at Weymouth Becomes a Resident of York. Death of Col. Norton. William Hooke Marries the Widow of Norton and Abandons his Office. Thomas Bradbury, Steward of Gorges, Settles Here.
CHAPTER X. THE PIONEERS OF YORK, 1630-1640 96
Settlers of the First Decade: George Newman, Henry Lynn, Row- land Young, Ralph Blaisdell, George Puddington, John Brawne, Roger Garde, Arthur Bragdon, William Dixon, John Heard, John Baker, Henry Simpson, Leonard Hunter, John Barrett, John Alcock, Stephen Crawford, Thomas Footman, Thomas Brooks alias Basil Parker, Sampson Angier, Thomas Gorges, Richard Cornish, Nicholas Squire, John Squire and John Smith.
CHAPTER XI. THE TWO CHARTERS OF 1641 AND 1642. . . . . . . . . 120 The Borough of Agamenticus, 1641. Corporation with Mayor, Eight Aldermen and Recorder Created. Court Leet Established. Thomas Gorges First and Second Mayor. Burgesses to Elect Officers. City Charter of Gorgeana, 1642. Previous Charter Elaborated with Mayor, Twelve Aldermen and Twenty-Four Councilmen. Officials . and Administration of these Two Charters.
CHAPTER XII. DIVISION OF THE GRAND PATENT, HOME LOTS AND COMMON LAND I31
Quit Rents. The Division of 1641. Dividend Lots. Town Com- mons. The Stated Commons. The Outer Commons. Stage Neck.
CHAPTER XIII. NEW SETTLERS OF THE SECOND DECADE, 1641-1650 142 Joseph Jenks, Henry Donnell, Thomas Chambers, Abraham Preble, John Twisden, Thomas Curtis, Richard Banks, Robert Knight, Thomas Morton, Andrew Everest, Christopher Rogers, Richard Burgess, Robert Mills, Samuel Adams, Henry Norton, Richard Ormsby, Oliver Godfrey, John Parker, Nicholas Davis, John Davis, John Tair, Stephen Flanders, Anthony Ellins, Rice Cadogan, Philip Hatch, John Parker, George Parker, Nicholas Bond.
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER XIV. DEVELOPMENT OF GORGEANA UNDER CITY CHARTER, 1640-1649. . 171
First Murder Trial and Execution. Death of Gorges. Organization of New Government. Freedom of Religion Guaranteed.
CHAPTER XV. THE LAST YEARS OF FREEDOM, 1650-1651 . . . . . . . 177 Execution of King Charles and Triumph of Cromwell a Blow to the Local Government. Massachusetts Takes Steps to Claim Owner- ship of Maine. Godfrey and his Council Appeal to the Common- wealth. Commissioners Sent to Kittery Demanding Submission to Massachusetts. Kittery Submits.
CHAPTER XVI. PASSING UNDER THE YOKE, 1652 186 The Commissioners Come to York and Demand Submission. Re- sults of their Threats and Propaganda. Discussion Allowed but Action Foreordained. Residents Submit. Godfrey the Last to Sign. Terms Given to the People. Church Membership not Required for the Franchise. Old Officials Given Appointments in New Govern- ment. The Name of Gorgeana Discarded to Celebrate a Puritan Victory.
CHAPTER XVII. THE TOWN RENAMED YORK UNDER PURITAN RULE, 1652-1662 195
Lands of the Patentees Become Common Property. Controversy with Godfrey Over his Landed Rights. Decision of Arbitrators. Town Officials Grant Patented Lands to Residents. Godfrey Goes to England for Redress. The Restoration.
CHAPTER XVIII. THE SCOTCH PRISONERS SETTLEMENT. ...... The Battles of Dunbar and Worcester. Victories of Cromwell with Many Scotch Captives. They are Sold for Labor in the Iron Works and as Domestic Servants. A Number Settled in York after Com- pletion of Service. Settlement Named Scotland.
206
CHAPTER XIX. NEW SETTLERS OF THE THIRD DECADE, 1651-1660 213 Robert Edge, Edward Rishworth, William Moore, Edward Start, Robert Heathersay, George Braunson, William Freethy, John Davis, William Ellingham, Hugh Gale, John Pierce, Matthew Austin, Thomas Moulton, Henry Sayward, William Johnson, Nathaniel Masterson, Samuel Jewell.
CHAPTER XX. RESTORATION OF AUTHORITY OF GORGES, 1662 ... 232 The Grandson of Sir Ferdinando Sends Manifesto to Inhabitants to Proclaim King and Lord Proprietor. Appoints Commissioners to Rule Province. Massachusetts Sends Counter Commissioners. Compromise Effected, but Unsatisfactory to Both Parties. God- frey's Work in England for Redress Continued with Partial Success. He Becomes an Inmate of Debtors Prison at Ludgate, but Continues his Efforts. His Death Just Before Success was Reached in 1664. Royal Commissioners Appointed. Arrival in Maine and Massa- chusetts Officials Ousted.
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HISTORY OF YORK
CHAPTER XXI. MASSACHUSETTS TROOPS INVADE YORK, 1668 . ... 244 After Three Years Peace Massachusetts Sent Armed Forces to Over- Throw Royalist Government. Parley with the Royal Justices. Demand Adhesion to their Original Submission. March to Court to Force Surrender. Great Excitement Prevails. Royal Justices Depart to Prevent Bloodshed after Filing Protest.
CHAPTER XXII. MASSACHUSETTS BECOMES LORD PROPRIETOR BY PURCHASE, 1677 254
Gorges Sells his Rights to the Bay Company. The General Court Offers Province for Sale but Withdraws Offer. The King Demands Cancellation of Bargain. Residents of York Petition King to Assume Control of Province. Massachusetts Authorities Declare Them- selves "the Now Lord Proprietors," and Appoint a President and Deputy for the Province and Trustees for the Town to Collect the Quit Rents Under the Gorges Charter.
CHAPTER XXIII. ARRIVAL OF NEW SETTLERS, 1660-1700. 261 Daniel Dill, Isaac Nash, John Card, Charles Martin, Benjamin Whitney, Lewis Bane, John Penwell, Arthur Came, John and Jasper Pullman, Philip Cooper, John Bracey, John Parsons, Thomas Payne, Daniel Livingstone, Richard and William Bray, John Cooke, Henry and Richard Milberry, Joseph Carlile, Daniel, Josiah and Edmund Black, Henry Wright, Andrew Brown and James Allen.
CHAPTER XXIV. THE FIRST AND SECOND INDIAN WARS. .. . . . . 279 King Philip War 1675. Attack on Cape Neddick. Jackson Family Murdered. Seven killed in Scotland. Second Indian War 1689. Casualties in Scotland and Cape Neddick.
CHAPTER XXV. THE MASSACRE ON CANDLEMAS DAY, 1692. . . .. 287 Attacking Party Consists of Indians from Canada Without French Leaders. Arrive at Agamenticus in Snowstorm and Camp on Can- dlemas Day January 25. Capture of Arthur Bragdon. Details of the Massacre from French and English Sources. About Forty Killed and Eighty Taken Captive. List of the Killed and Prisoners. The Long March to Canada. Death of Parson Dummer.
CHAPTER XXVI. YORK BECOMES AN ARMED CAMP 300 Inhabitants Ordered to Garrisons. Fate of the Prisoners in Canada. List of Those Surviving and Redeemed. Mrs. Mary (Rishworth) Plaisted and her Experiences. Mary Sayward Becomes a Nun. Esther Sayward Marries a Canadian.
CHAPTER XXVII. YORK'S STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE, 1692-1712. 308 Population Herded in Garrisons. Continuous Indian Sniping. Pov- erty of Town. Casualties. Third Indian War, 1705. Town Pro- tected by Troops. Record of Attacks and Losses of Life.
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER XXVIII. SUBSEQUENT INDIAN WARS, 1722-1745 . . . . . . 322 Lovewell's War 1722. Lists of Soldiers Under Captains Harmon, Moulton and Bragdon. Expedition to Norridgewock. Father Rasle, Jesuit, Killed in the Attack. Capt. Johnson Harmon Carries Priest's Scalp to Boston. Account of the Battle. York Men and Officers Prominent in the Affair. Fifth Indian War, 1745.
CHAPTER XXIX. YORK IN THE WARS AGAINST CANADA, 1745-1761 332 The Louisburg Expedition. Capture of the Fortress. Death of Dr. Alexander Bulman. York Soldiers at Louisburg. Peace of Aix-la- Chappelle 1748 and Louisburg Surrendered to French King. War Between England and France 1756. Struggle for Mastery of Con- tinent. York Soldiers at Lake George, Ticonderoga and Crown Point. Siege of Quebec and Deaths of Wolfe and Montcalm. York Men at Famous Battle and in Subsequent Operations.
CHAPTER XXX. THE FRENCH NEUTRALS. 346 Disgraceful Policy of Great Britain in Treatment of the French Inhabitants of Nova Scotia. Gen. Winslow Sent by Massachusetts . to Grand Pré to Expatriate Them. Distributed to every British Colony. Families Separated. Twenty-one Neutrals Living in York. Records of Their Detention in the Town. Intermarriage of Some with Local Families.
CHAPTER XXXI. A JOURNAL OF OCCURRENCES IN YORK, 1735. .. 354 Daily and Monthly Happenings in the Town Gathered from Various Sources During this Year.
CHAPTER XXXII. YORK IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY TIMES .. 363 Poverty of the Town. Return of Old Families. Visit of Justices. Iron Ore. Differences Among Canines in Church. Wild Horses. The Throat Distemper. Wolves. Stray Footwarmers. The New Calendar. Hurricane and Conflagrations. Visit of Governor Shirley. An Early Liquor Question. Emigration Eastward. Accession of George the Third. Non-Importation Agreement. Burning of Minis- ter's House in Scotland.
CHAPTER XXXIII. LOOSENING OF THE MATERNAL TIES, 1760-1774 379 The People Tired of Dynastic Wars and German King. Stamp Act. Union of Colonies Proposed by Massachusetts Ordered Rescinded by British Government. General Court Ninety-two to Seventeen Refused. Indignation Against Sayward for Voting to Rescind. Resolutions on Boston Tea Party. York's Tea Party. The Final Break.
CHAPTER XXXIV. THE EVOLUTION OF A TORY 389 Jonathan Sayward's Background. His Rise in the World from Laborer to a Seat .on the Bench. His Association with Friends of the Crown. A Supporter of Royal Governors and the "Prerogative." Correspondence with Governor Hutchinson. Called Before a Town Meeting, Obliged to Sign the Test Act and Not to Leave the Prov- ince Without Permission. Loses His Influence in Town Affairs. Unreconciled to Independence. All Offices Taken Away. Remainder of Life Devoted to Family and Society. His Death at Eighty- Four Years of Age.
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