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Without stopping to notice the enthusiastic reception which John Cabot received after his return, his title of Admiral, the vestments of silk with which he arrayed himself, the concessions of islands with which he gratified certain of his companions (et intrambi se reputano conti, ne monsignor larmirante se estima manco de principe) ; without speaking of the magnificent promises of which he showed himself so prodigal; I come at once to the preparations for a new and more con- siderable expedition, with which he immediately occupied himself. The king signed at Westminster, the 3d of February following (1498), letters-patent expressly authorizing John Cabot, or his duly appointed representative, to take in the ports of England six ships, the largest not to exceed two hundred tons burden at the most, with all their equipments, on the same terms and conditions as in the royal service, and to embark in them as many persons as should freely offer them- selves to go with him to the countries or islands previously discovered by him, in the name and by the commandment of his majesty. Anghiéra informs us, that Cabot furnished the armament of two ships at his own expense (duo is sibi navigia propria pecunia in Britannia ipsa instrurit) ; three others were equipped by the merchants; and from the treasury accounts of the king, we learn the names of the following merchants as thus concerned, Lancelot Thirkill, Thomas Bradley, and John Carter.
Whatever may have been the reason which occurred at the decisive moment, to prevent John Cabot himself from assuming the command of the contemplated expedition, in virtue of the royal letters granted to him personally (it may be plausibly conjectured that this reason was his unexpected death), the clause which substituted for him even- tually his duly authorized representative, found in this state of things its effective application ; and his son Sebastian, then, according to my computation, about twenty-five years old, took command, in place of the patentee, of the little fleet of five ships, carrying three hundred men, and provisioned for a year, which left Bristol at the commence- ment of summer (in the begynnyng of somer), that is to say, about the 21st of June, with the design of colonizing the transatlantic regions where England had just before planted its flag, and in the hope of pen- etrating further, even to the region of the spices (pensa da quello loco occupato andarsene sempre a riva rira più verso al levante, tanto ch'el sia al opposito de una isola da lui chiamata Cipango posta in la regione
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equinoziale, dore creda che nascano tutte le speciarie del mondo). A gale of wind struck them on their departure, and one of the ships, sorely shattered by the tempest, was obliged to take refuge in Ireland; but the others continued on their course. They arrived in sight of land sooner than they expected, in about 45º N. At first they followed the coast which stretched to the north, and thus arrived at about 55°, 56°, or 58º N. Thence the coast appeared to turn to the east; and although it was in the month of July, they encountered such masses of ice, that they were obliged to tack about. They cast anchor for repairs at the land of Bacallaos, which Cabot so named from the abundance of large fish, so called by the native inhabitants. He then followed the coast to the south-west, as far as the latitude of the Strait of Gibraltar, in a longitude nearly equal to that of the point of Cuba; and from thence, finding himself short of provisions, he sailed directly to England. He had been expected there ever since the month of September; but he did not arrive until the end of October. His expedition was attended with little success. He had lost, it is said, the greater part of his men, and had been unable to discover any pas- sage leading to the land of the spices, as he had announced that he should. And accordingly, on his return, he met but a cold reception, which left only sad recollections.
A long silence in regard to him now intervenes. Did he prosecute other voyages at his own charges ? Did he engage in the expeditions undertaken by new mercantile Companies, to which some Portuguese from the Azores were admitted, and which obtained letters-patent of concession, first on the 19th of March, 1501; and again December 9th, 1502? The field is open to conjecture; but no evidence of any value has been hitherto produced; and we must clear this historic chasm at a bound.
There is a secondary fact belonging to the year 1502, noted by the chronicler Fabian, and which Hakluyt, on his own authority, has placed to the account of Cabot, and which he has finally, through inadver- tence (if it is not simply a typographical error), attributed to the year 1490, namely, the presentation to the king of three savages brought from the new-found-land. But the error is discovered by ascending to its source; where it is perceived, that the fact of carrying these three savages to England must be restored to the Company of 1501.
The renown of Sebastian Cabot had not remained circumscribed within the British isles. The official correspondence of tho ambassa- dors had for a long time made him known to the court of Spain. Per- haps he himself sought in this quarter a revenge for the indifference
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and neglect, with which his services had been treated in England. When, after the death of Henry VII, his successor, having become the son-in-law of Ferdinand the Catholic, had entered into the treaty of 1511 against France, while James of Scotland embraced the opposite side, Cabot turned resolutely toward Spain; and Ferdinand wrote, on the 13th of September 1512, to Lord Willoughby, commander-in-chief of the English troops which had been transported into Italy by the Spanish fleet, to demand of him to send to him the Venetian naviga- tor (who was doubtless, at this time, at his disposal) ; which was done without difficulty. Sebastian Cabot, having arrived in Castile, received there immediately by royal commission, dated at Logroño the 20th Octo- ber, 1512, the rank of captain, with a salary of 50,000 maravedis, with Seville for his residence while waiting for orders. It was there that he connected himself with the celebrated councillor of the Indias, Peter Martyr d'Anghiéra, who received him familiarly at his house, and some- times lodged him under his roof, and with whom he was associated at court (concurialis noster) toward the end of 1515, awaiting a royal · decree relating to an expedition projected for the month of March of the next year. But Ferdinand died the 23d of January, 1516, before the necessary arrangements had been made for the projected expedi- tion; and Cabot obtained easily, without doubt, leave of absence to visit England, until the young successor of the deceased king should come to the possession of the heritage which had befallen him.
Perhaps this celebrated navigator had already received from Henry VIII. or his chancellor Cardinal Wolsey, some favorable overture. However this may be, the fact remains, that a long time after, in an epistle dedicated to the very high and very mighty prince, his grace the duke of Northumberland, prefixed to an English version of an extract from the cosmography of Sebastian Münster (1553), his poore oratour, Richard Eden, recalls the circumstance, that in about the eighth year of the reign of Henry VIII. (which is to be reckoned from the 22d April, 1516, to the same day of 1517), that monarch had equipped and sent forth certain ships under the command of Sebastian Ca- bot, and of Sir Thomas Pert, whose want of courage was the reason that the expedition produced no result. Ramusio, on his part, in a letter to Frascatoro, forming the preface to the third volume of his collection, " delle Navigationi et Viaggi " (1556) relates, that Sebastian Cabot had formerly written to him, that he had advanced to the north along the transatlantic coast as far as 67º 30' N., which he reached on the 12th of June, having the sea open before him, and firmly believing that it was possible to pass by that course to Cathay; which indeed, as he
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said, he would have done, if the opposition of the commander, and of the refractory sailors, had not forced him to return. There had been already ample allusion made to this abortive enterprise in a memoir addressed to Henry VIII., in 1527, by Robert Thorne, an English mer- chant established in Seville, who advocates the exploration of the northern routes with an ardor, which he affirms he had inherited from his father (the old Nicholas Thorne?), an associate of Hugh Eliot of Bristol, themselves also discoverers of the new lands; by whom it had come to be well understood, that if the sailors had been obedient, and had followed the designs of their pilots, the occidental Indies, from whence comes the gold, would have been reached. All this was made perfectly clear some forty years ago by your learned and sagacious countryman, Richard Biddle of Pittsburg, Penn., whose book on Sebas- tian Cabot, altogether antiquated as it is in certain parts, retains never- theless a considerable value, and seems to me to give on several points, and especially on this, the solution to which we must adhere.
On his return from this expedition, Cabot doubtless went back immediately to Spain, where he was forthwith appointed Pilot Major, by a royal decree dated at Valladolid the 5th of February, 1518, with an additional allowance of 50,000 maravedis, and 25,000 as an indem- nity for his expenses (ayuda de costa), receiving thus in the whole an annual salary of 125,000 maravedis, equivalent to about 300 ducats.
Nevertheless, he was again in England the next year on a leave of absence, where he received from Cardinal Wolsey advantageous offers to conduct a new expedition for discovery, in view of which the ships were almost ready, with 30,000 ducats appropriated for the wants of the enterprise. He answered, that in his position in the service of the king of Spain, he could not, without the king's formal permission. accept the proposition made to him; and as he had in mind other pur- poses, he took care secretly to urge his recall, and went back to resume in Spain the exercise of his functions.
Here ends everything in the career of Sebastian Cabot which relates to the new-found-land navigations; and whatever interest for his biog- rapher there may be in the remainder of a life, which was prolonged beyond this period for almost forty years in an incessant activity, North American history can no longer find in it any facts for its own use. Here, then, onght also to end my answer to the question which you have done me the honor to solicit me to examine anew.
You perceive, then, that with the exception of some secondary details, with regard to which my first decisions have been rectified by a more extended study, I have found in the documents which, within
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the last ten years. have been exhumed from the archives of Italy, of Spain, and of England, a precious confirmation of what you were pleased to call my plausible theory. Each one of the four voyages of discovery, which I had discriminated in my notices of 1557 and of Iss. is found in fact to present some characteristic trait to distinguish it from the three others. And first of all it is necessary to arrange them in two classes, the one for those performed by John Cabot, the other for those performed by Sebastian ; and then to notice their special dis- tinctions.
The Voyages performed by John Cabot (who had his son with him).
The first voyage, which had been preceded by many similar attempts the knowledge of which is due to the researches of Mr. Bergenroth in the archives of Simancas, is directly attested by the unanswerable tes- timony of Sebastian Cabot, who pretends to nothing more, on this voyage, than a first sight of land, and an island situated near by, under the date of 24th of June, 1494.
The second voyage, which lasted from the beginning of May to the beginning of August, 1497, is characterized by a navigation of three hundred leagues along the coast, the contemporary delineation of which, reproduced on the monumental chart of Juan de la Cosa, shows us the British standard erected on the " Cabo de Ynglaterra " (which must have been reached by the end of May, or at the latest on the first days of June, and which is nothing else than the Terra prima vista of the preceding voyage), and then on diverse successive points even to the Mar descubierta por Ingleses, on the shore of which no landing appears at that time to have been effected.
Voyages performed exclusively by Sebastian Cabot.
The third voyage has for its salient feature, the encountering of ice in 56° or 55º N .. in the month of July 1493; and then, a falling back to the land of Bacallaos.
And finally, the fourth voyage has for its characteristic circumstance. Cabot's advancing to the north, even to the latitude of 67º 30' N., at the date of the 11th June, 1517, having then before him the coast running east-north-east.
It is impossible for one who pays any attention whatever to these distinctive characters, to confound any one of these four voyages with either of the other three. But if one should give himself but little concern for a rigorous exactitude, and should think it sufficient to
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group together, in some elegant phrases, all the results obtained by a whole series of efforts directed to the same object, it might happen that, majestically coiffed with the solemn peruke of the lord high chancellor of England, he would make from these four successive voyages of father and son, only one and the same voyage, under the mean date of 1498, beginning with the meditations and projects of the father, and following each other even to the last terminus of 67º 30; N., reached long afterward by the son. Such is the manner in which history is accommodated by the far-famed chancellor Bacon of Veru- lam! But neither you nor I, dear sir, have had our heads covered with the majestic peruke (the French have the levity to call it sometimes by the name of toupet !... ), under the shelter of which one allows himself such enormities .*
Receive with indulgence these pages, which are more hasty than I could wish, and believe in the constancy of the sentiments of high and sincere esteem of
Your affectionate and faithful servant, D'AVEZAC.
*[Speaking of events which took place in the fourteenth year of the accession of Henry VII, Lord Bacon says: "Somewhat before this time there fell out a memor- able accident; there was one Sebastian Cabot, a Venetian dwelling in Bristol, a man seen and expert in cosmography and navigation. This man, seeing the success, and emulating, perhaps, the enterprise of Christopher Columbus, in that fortunate discov- ery toward the south-west, which had been made by him some six years before, con- ceited with himself, that lands might likewise be discovered toward the north-west. This Gabato, bearing the king in hand, that he would find out an island, endued with rich commodities, procured him to man and victual a ship at Bristol, for the discovery of that island; with whom ventured also three small ships of London merchants, fraught with some gross and slight wares, fit for commerce with barbarous people. He sailed, as he affirmed at his return, and made a card thereof, very far westwards, with a quarter of the north, on the north side of Terra de Labrador, until he came to the latitude of 67º 30/, finding the sea open."-Bacon's Works, Montague's Ed., vol. 3, p. 355 .-- ED.]
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INDEX.
Abaco, 449. Abenaki, or Algonquin race, 89, 91. Aborigines of north of Europe and North America, 58, 59 ; called "Skrellings " by Scandinavians, 68 ; captured by Cortereal, 169, 170; disposition of, toward Eu- ropeans, 266; resembling " peo- ple of east parts of world," 268; seen by Cartier, 324, 327.
Academy of Madrid publish Ovie- do's work, 315.
Acadie, 235.
Adam of Bremen, SO, 81, 116, 378, 380, 494.
Adelantado of Chicora, 395.
Africa, 147. 148.
Africa, Eastern, on Portuguese chart, 174.
Agency of different nations of Eu- rope in discovery of east coast of America, 477; of Northmen, 477, 478; of English, 473-482; of Por- tuguese, 482-434; of Spaniards, 484-487; of French, 487-490; of Italians, 490-493 ; of Germans, 493-496 ; of Netherlanders, 406, 497.
Agnese, Baptista, maps of, 202, 293, 296, 298. 316.
Agoncy, 416.
Agramonte, Juan de, commission from Ferdinand, 193; particulars of commission, 194 ; remarks, 195; possibly intended for New Eng- land, 196; uninformed as to its results, 196.
Aiayascon, 417.
Alaminos, Antonio de, voyage of, 101, 162, 180, 241, 404; from Vera Cruz to Spain, 243-245; chief pi- lot of Ponce de Leon, 244; tries Bahama Channel, 245; discoverer of Gulf-stream, 245.
Alarcon, a discoverer, 360. Albemarle Sound, 309.
Albert de la Pieria, commander of Charlesfort, 423; victim of a mu- tiny, 432.
Aldabrand, 83.
Algonquin Indians, 90.
Alleghany Mountains, 392, 40S. Altamaha River, 30S.
America, discovery of proclaimed, 81 ; name restricted to South America, 160, 200; name in gen- eral use, 268; coast of, 149, 416; new era in history of discovery of, 474.
America, North, configuration of continent, 32, 33 ; southern coast- line, 32; northern, 32, 33; west coast, 33; east, 33; Terra de Cuba, on Schoner's map, 161 ; on Portu- guese chart, No. 10, 180; on map of Agnese, 294 ; pronounced a continent by S. Cabot, 170; de- picted as such by Cosa, 179 ; name little used by Spanish au- thors, 243; mentioned, 145, 140, 296, 297, 298, 313, 366, 409, 428.
America, east coast of, 58, 300, 301, 317, 413, 421.
America, north-east coast of, 302. America, South. Terra Sancta Cru- cis, 156; island on Schoner's map, 160; called Terra Nova, Brasilia, Papagalli, 160; attention attract-
ed to. 341 ; on Cabot's maps, 360. Anaford, Anafiord, Hanefiord, 102. Andefiord, Andoford, 101.
Anderson's colonial church, Iso, note.
Angos, father and son, 201.
Angoulesme, Passamaquoddy Bay, 231, 234.
Anian Strait, 114. Anticosti. 315, 327, 328, 331, 345. Antilia, 125, 148. Antilles, 237, 402, 424, 436. 441, 443, 458. Antipodes, country of the, 181.
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INDEX.
Antiqut Americano. C. -
Rata. R. nope.
Apalache Mountains. 406. 428. 450.
Apalatsi, or Pilassi Mountains. AS. Apalchen. 392.
Apostogon. Highlands of, 303.
Appendages to Chap. II. 107-110: Chap. IV, 147-163: Chap. V, 174- 182 ; Chap. VI. 226-235 ; Chap. VIII, 290-319; Chap. LX. 248-393. Arabs, acquainted with islands of Indian Archipelago, 149.
Arambec (Norumbega). 253.
Arcipel de Estienne Gomez, 353.
Archipelago of Gomez. 35. 305. 306,
Archipelago, Northern. 311. [301.
Archipelago de la Tramontana, or Septentrional. 35. 311. 312.
Archipelago of 7.448 islands. 296.
Archipelago, West Indian, 404.
Arcipelago, 367.
Arciel de Estevan Gomenz. 301. Arecifes. 304.
Aredonda. Island of, 348, 386.
Arias, Gomez. 410.
Asher, life of HI. Hudson, 145, 376, 377, 379. 356, 404.
Ashehurst, T., 184.
Asia, 297; northern, 145; eastern coast of, 149.
Assumption Island, 331.
Atabalipa, Indian chief, 341, 407.
Atinas of Dieppe, 413, 445.
Atlas Montes, 14S.
Aubert, navigator of Dieppe, first brings to France aborigines from Canada, 203, 320.
Auorobagra (Norumbega ?), 353. Aveiro, 188.
Ayala, Don Pedro. letter from, 1408, 125, 153, 192, 372.
Ayllon, voyage of, 161, 162, 180, 224, 287. 303, 309; expedition of, 245-248; expedition to Chicora, 304-401: representation of coun- try, 394 : agreement with govern- ment, 394; title and plan of en- terprise, 395 ; delay, 395; sails with large armament, 396: mis- fortunes. 896, 897; discovery and examination of coast. 397. 398; Ribero's chart, 398: Ayllon dies, 401; dissension and revolt, 401; remnant return to S. Domingo, 401; mentioned. 253, 272, 274, 402. 404, 412, 414. 459.
Azores, 116, 119, 144, 147, 148, 177, 386, 424, 441.
Bacallans. 151. 900. 244 : Aching vasile there. 2 9; mentioned. 101. 410. 411. 416. 42 ).
Bacalhias, origin of word. 189.
Baccalhao, island of, 179. Baccalauras, 158: Baccalhaos, 165. Bacon. Lord, 184.
Badajos, council at, 273; junta of,
Bafiin's Bay, 33.
Baggesen, referred to, 100.
Bahama Banks, 444, 458.
Bahama Channel, 404, 464.
Bahia de la Ensenada (Bay of the Inlet). 38. 313. Bahia honda, 37; fonda, 38.
Bahia de San Christobal (St. Chris- topher's Bay). 310.
Baia de malvas, 388.
Baia dus medaus, 388.
Baia de St. Maria. St. Marie, St. Mary's Bay (Chesapeake). 303. 306, 307, 352, 358, 353. 392, 399, 400, 401. 459, 460.
Baia das Rojas, 349.
Bancroft. concerning Cabot, 359 note. 370.
Banks, fishing. 39, 40. See New- foundland.
Barbie du Bocage. French geogra- pher, 355. 356. 357.
Barcia, referred to, 243, 246, 309, 396, 410. 469, 473. Barlow, 405.
Barre, commander at Port Royal, 432.
Basques, 41, 280, 301, 412.
Batatas (sweet potatoes), first men- tioned. 248, note.
Battle, first, between Europeans and Americans, 68.
Baxos do medo, 176.
Bays, description of, 53.
Bay, Cape Cod, 108, 141. Bay of Fundy, 38, 41. 231. 803, 304, 315. 217. 358. 367. 381, 384, 390.
Bay of Halifax, 303. Bay of New York, 306.
Bay of St. Johan, or S. Juan Bap- tista. 311, 314. 353. 368.
Bay of St. Lawrence, 330.
Baya Peqnena. 367.
Baya del Loreme. 365.
Baya de S. Maria (Saco or Casco Bay). 367.
Baya de S. Cyria (Trinity Bay), 175. Baye des Barqnes, 326. Baye des Chaleurs, 327, 345, 35), 380.
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INDEX.
Baye Françoise, La. 38, 353.
B. de S. Antonio. 306. 317.
B. de S. Christoval. 306. 367. 368.
B. de st. Jago. ;- 3.
B. de S. Juan. 358.
Beaufort. 427.
Behaim. map of, 124, 125, 140, 147.
14. 150 ; constructs his globe, Buzzard's Bay, 72. 147. 230.
Behring Strait, 32, 33, 57.
Benaventura, Italian monk, 156.
Bergen. Pergen, 90, 111.
Bergi. 149.
Bermuda, discovery of, 405, 411. Bermudas. projected settlement of. 40 ;: ou map of Ribero. 197 : men- tioned. 23 . 301. 3-6. 424, 456.
Bermudez, Juan, 405.
Beu Sablom (Sable Bay), 381, 382, 3×1. Biarmaland. 88, 107. Biarmia. St.
Biarne. Grimolf's son. 70, 114.
Biarne, Heriulf's son, discoverer of New England. 62, 63; result of expedition. 63. 64.
Biddle's memoir of Cabot. referred to. 128. 134, 152, 167, 184, 185, 207, 1 212. 214. 215. 217. 219, 220, 282. 284, 364; memoranda brought to light by, 186: his theory on Cabot's voyage of, 1517, 208.
Bimini. 240, 243.
Bird Rocks, 325.
Biseav. mariners and fishermen of, 279, 280, 281.
Bremen, bishopric of, SO; Adam of, 80. 81. 116, 375, 380.
Bliss. P. C .. 234, note.
Block Island. 259, 260. 261.
Blunt. Coast Pilot, referred to, 178, 257. 303.
Bobadilla. Isabella de, wife of De Soto. 409.
Bonne viste, 230.
Bourdet. 439. 447, 448.
Bradley. Thomas, 186.
Brattalid, 61.
Brasil, island of, 125, 301.
Brazil. Protestant colony in, 415, 422: 174. 415.
Brest. 324. 325.
Breusing, life of Mercator, 385.
Brier Island, 41, 251. Brion's Island. 326.
Bristol. 112. 113. 116, 303 ; Vene- tians resident there, 122; voyages from to the west, 125.
Brittany, pilots of, 196: fishermen of. 200: pretensions of. 279.
Broad River. 4ET.
Brother Louis, island named for. 175.
Bry, Theodore de, 435. Busi. the, 378.
Bylot, 220.
Byron Island, 325.
Caballero, Diego, 246, 895.
Cabo de Arecifes (Cape of Reefs), 49, 311, 314. 319, 367, 353.
Cabo de Arenas, 295. 305. 306, 307. 310,313, 314, 316. 318, 319, 352, 358. 368, 383, 391, 392, 299.
Cabo de las Arenas, 317, 31S.
C. de Boa Ventura, 162. 178.
Cabo de Cañaveral, 241, 308, 449.
C'abo delli contis, 162.
Cabo de Concepicion, 175.
Cabo de Corrientes, 242, 308.
C. Deserto, 383.
Cabo del gado del mare, 365. Cabo de Gamas (Deer Cape). 365.
Cabo Glaciato, 158.
Cabo Gruesso, 308.
Cabo de lagus islas, 391.
Cabo da lexus. 390.
C. de muchas yslas, 304, 312, 316, 367, 383, 891, 417. Cabo des Sablons (Cape Cod), 352. 353.
Cabo de San Antonio (C. Bona Vis- ta), 175.
Cabo Sancto, 162.
Cabo de Sta. Cruz, 308.
Cabo de Sta. Elena, Helena, or Elle- . na. 308, 309, 352, 383, 398.
Cabo de San Johan, 309, 310.
Cabo de Sta. Maria ( Cape Ann), 311, 312, 316.
C. de S. Maria, on map of Terra Nueva, 234.
Cabo de S. Paulo, 175.
Cabo de Santjago (St. James' Cape). 310. 314.
Cabo Trafalgar (C. Hatteras, or Lookout), 30, 309.
Cabo Verde, 148. C. da Volta (C. Ray). 349. Caboto, Giovanni, 122. 123.
Cabots, the, expeditions of, $4, 152 284.
Cabots, John and Sebastian, voy- ages of, 121-146: plan for north- west passage, 123; and great cir-
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INDEX.
cle, 123, 124: preliminary voyage, 125, 126 ; petition King Henry, 126: patent granted. 127; little known of their voyages, 131; probabilities, 132: first land-fall, 132, 133, 134: uncertainties as to voyage, 135; returns to Bristol, 135.
Cabot, John. 125, 126; patent to himself and sons, 127, 128; anoth- er, 128. 130; discoverer of North America, 128 ; mentioned, 129, 149,
Cabot, Lewis. 127; Sancius, 127.
Cabot, Sebastian. 123. 127 ; map at- tributed to. 126: inscription, 133; sails from Bristol, 136; northern latitude reached, 137, 138 ; first fisherman on banks of New- foundland, 139; proceeds south- west, 139 : lands. 142 ; captures Indians, 142: southern extent of C. de Boavista, 349. voyage, 143 ; homeward track, Cape Buonavista, 323. 144; supposed discovery of parts Cape Charles, 400. of Asia, 144 ; scientific results,. Cape Cod. 34. 35, 44; description of, 49; Cabo de Arecifes, 49; other names, 50; seen by Biarne, 63; by Leif, 64; by Thorwald, 67; mentioned, 68, 69, 71, 72, 91, 109, 141, 154; Central between Cape Race and Florida. 155 : mention- ed, 265, 295, 305, 306, 310, 311, 314, 315, 316, 318, 319, 352, 358, 366, 363 383, 384. 393. 145 ; proposal for another expedi- tion, 145: contemplates another expedition, 197; another possi- ble voyage, 206 : theory of Mr. Biddle as to, 208: suppositions and difficulties in regard to, 209- 224; sinall encouragement from Henry VII. and Henry VIII, 214; goes to Spain, 221; pilot major, 213. 222; no proof of leav- C. de Croix, 358. ing Spain in 1516 or 1517, 223; Cap Double (Pt. Rich), 325. note by editor on arguments of| Cape Elizabeth, 36; description of, Mr. Biddle and Dr. Kohl, 224. 50, 51; mentioned, 304, 312, 316, 884, note. 225; map and voyage attributed to him, 358-377: ne plus ultra of Cape of England, 366. voyage, 304: map not valuable Cape Farewell, 387. for illustration of Cabot's voy- Cape Fear, 252, 262, 308; river, 397. age, 366; inscriptions, 368, 369, Cape Florida, 33, 143, 444. 370: fables. 370 : variation of mag- Cape François, 425, 436, 449. netic needle, 370: date of map, C. Frey Luis, 349. 371; another map, 371; worth- Cape of Good Hope, 294. lessness, 371 ; mentioned, 146, Cape Hatteras, 34, 143, 144, 180, 255, 308, 309. 147, 149, 183, 184, 244, 295, 305. Cabral, Pedro Alvarez, 164, 174.
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