USA > Maine > Cumberland County > History of Cumberland Co., Maine > Part 27
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In 1861 he returned to his native State, and for ten years following 1863 he was in successful practice in his native town.
In 1873 he removed to Portland, Me., and formed a law partnership with his brother, William Henry Clifford (Clifford & Clifford), which firm continues the practice of law in the county, State, and United States courts in 1879. Mr. Clifford has given little attention to matters of business outside of his profession.
He was appointed commissioner of the Circuit Court of the United States for the district of Maine, April 23, 1877, which office he now holds. He married, March 25, 1866, Antoinette Ellis, daughter of Luther and Caroline E. D. Ayer, of Newfield. They have four sons,-Charles Henry, Nathan Simpson, Franklin Mason, and Edward Clinton.
Kung Blehranes,
HENRY B. CLEAVES, son of Thomas and Sophia (Bradstreet) Cleaves, was born in the town of Bridg- ton, Cumberland Co., Feb. 6, 1840. He received his early education in the common school at home, and subsequently attended North Bridgton and Lewiston Falls Academies.
He enlisted as a private in the 23d Maine Regi- ment (Col. William Wirt Virgin) in September, 1862; served until the final discharge of the regi- ment, at the expiration of its term of service, July 15, 1863.
He immediately enlisted with Gen. Francis Fes- senden, who was then recruiting the 30th Regiment Maine Veteran Volunteers ; was commissioned first lieutenant, Company F, Dee. 29, 1863, and ordered to the Department of the Gulf. He par- tieipated in the various campaigns on the Red River, in the battles of Sabine Cross Roads, Pleasant Hill, Cane River (where Gen. Fessenden lost his leg), and other engagements of the Army of the Gulf. In August, 1864, he joined the Army of the Potomae, served throughout the brilliant
campaign of Sheridan in the Shenandoah valley, and continued with the army in active service until the surrender of Lee. He was then transferred to the Department of the Gulf and stationed at Savan- nah, Ga., and subsequently, Aug. 20, 1865, honor- ably discharged from service. "He was a brave, devoted, and capable soldier."
Returning to his native State he began the study of law with Howard & Cleaves, and was admitted to the bar Sept. 16, 1868. He soon formed a law partnership with Hon. Washington Gilbert, of Bath, Me., but after one year, in 1869, came to Portland and became a partner with Judge Howard and Hon. Nathan Cleaves, which relation continued, under the old firm-name of " Howard & Cleaves," until the decease of the senior member of the firm, Judge Howard, in 1877. He has since been the law partner of Judge Cleaves. In 1875 he was elected representative from Portland to the State Legisla- ture, and re-elected in 1876, serving as chairman of the committee on the judiciary. He was city solicitor of Portland from 1877 to March, 1879.
l'hoto, by Lamson, Portland.
William Henry Colforan
WILLIAM HENRY CLIFFORD, third son of Mr. Justice Clifford, of the United States Supreme Court, was born in the town of Newfield, York Co., Me., Aug. 11, 1840.
His next elder brother, Nathan James, deceased in 1868, aged forty-three, graduated at Dart- month College, studied law, and was admitted to the bar of Massachusetts and Maine. He was ap- pointed and for several years held the office of elerk of the United States Circuit Court for the distriet of Massachusetts, which position he filled at the time of his death.
William Henry spent his boyhood in the com- mon school in his native town. Accompanied his father, mother, and youngest brother, George Frank- lin, to Mexico, to which country Justice Clifford was first sent as commissioner, and afterwards as minister plenipotentiary, where he obtained a famil- iarity with the Spanish and French languages, in the former of which he is a fluent speaker and ready writer. On returning, the family settled in Portland. Mr. Clifford prepared for college at North Yarmouth Academy, under Prof. Woods. Entered Dartmouth College in 1854, from which he graduated in 1858. He began the study of law with the late Judge George F. Shepley, of Port- land ; completed his legal studies with Hon. Benja-
min R. Curtis, of Boston, Mass., and was admitted to practice in the State and United States Courts, in Boston, in 1861. He immediately opened an office in Portland, Me., where he followed his profession alone until 1873, when he associated with him his brother, Charles E. (Clifford & Clifford).
Soon after his admission to the bar he was ap- pointed commissioner of the Circuit Court of Maine, the duties of which office he very actively and suc- cessfully performed for some nine years.
Mr. Clifford has an extensive practice in the Federal courts, and is largely engaged in patent law practice, besides the common law business con- dueted by the firm. In 1872 he was unanimously nominated on the first ballot as Democratic candi- date for member of Congress, but a large Repub- lican majority barred his election.
He was renominated in 1874, but declined the honor on account of his increasing professional duties. He has edited and published four volumes of Justice Clifford's Reports, which comprise his judgments down to 1876.
Mr. Clifford married, in Angust, 1866, Ellen Greeley, daughter of Hon. John B. Brown, of Port- Jand. Their children are Nathan James, Matilda Greeley, John Brown, William Henry, Jr., and Ellen Ayer.
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CUMBERLAND BENCH AND BAR.
On Jan. 1, 1855, he married Britannia C., daughter of Jefferson Coolidge, a wholesale merchant of Portland. They have three children,-Thirza W., Eliza C., and Alfred C.
AUGUSTINE HAINES was born in Portsmouth. N. H., March 17, 1810, where he resided until the death of his father, which occurred when Mr. Haines was fourteen years of age. His father was a prominent lawyer in Portsmouth ; went to Alabama, where he practiced law for several years ; but failing health compelled his return, and he died on his
Augustine Harris -
way home. His mother lived to be nearly ninety years of age, and died June 2, 1878. Ilis unele, Charles G. Haines, was an eminent lawyer of New York, and at one time the law partner of Governor Clinton.
Soon after the death of his father, Augustine entered the Saeo Academy, where he remained about one year, and be- gan the study of law with ex-Governor Fairfield, of Saco.
He was admitted to the bar of the Court of Common Pleas, in York Connty, at the January term, 1831, two months before completing his twenty-first year, and com- meneed practice as attorney in Common Pleas, at Poland, in Cumberland County, before Chief Justice Whitman. He was admitted as an attorney of the Supreme Judicial Court, Chief Justice Mellen, in 1832 ; as counselor in said court in 1834. He was appointed attorney for Cumber- land County in January, 1834, when he moved from Po- land to Portland, and held the office by executive appoint- ment and election by the people, excepting parts of two years, until President Polk's administration, when he was appointed United States District Attorney, which office he held from 1845 to 1848, and accepted the ageney of the Laconia Mills, at Biddeford, which position he held until the spring of 1872, when his health failed him, and he re- turned to Portland, where he remained until his death,
July 27, 1873. Mr. Haines was a sound lawyer, a safe counselor, a strong advocate at the bar, and possessed those elements of character that eminently fitted him for positions of trust and usefulness. He married Frances, daughter of Captain John and Olive (Lassell) Patten. His children are Charles G., of Portland ; Eliza F., and George A. Ilaines, a Boston eotton-broker.
The following members of the Cumberland bar have received the honorary degree of LL.D. :
Isaac Parker, Harvard, 1814.
Prentiss Mellen, Harvard, 1820; Bowdoin, 1820.
Stephen Longfellow, Bowdoin, 1828.
William Pitt Preble, Bowdoin, 1829.
Ashur Ware, Bowdoin, 1837.
Simon Greenleaf, Harvard, 1834 ; Amherst, 1845.
Ezekiel Whitman, Brown, 1843; Bowdoin, 1843.
Ether Shepley, Dartmouth.
Charles S. Daveis, Bowdoin, 1844.
George Evans, Bowdoin, 1847.
Wm. Pitt Fessenden, Bowdoin, 1858 ; Harvard, 1864.
Nathan Clifford, Bowdoin, Dartmouth, Brown Univer- sity, Harvard College. William Willis, Bowdoin, 1867.
George F. Shepley, Dartmouth, 1878.
There are one hundred and sixty-one attorneys and coun- selors-at-law now in Cumberland County, one hundred and twenty-seven of whom are in active practice. Their names and those of the towns in which they reside are as follows :
Portland .- Nathan Clifford, ex-United States Attorney- General, ex-Minister to Mexico, and Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States ; Edward Fox, Judge of the United States District Court ; William Wirt Virgin, Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine ; Charles W. Goddard, ex-Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court and Postmaster of Portland ; Joseph W. Symonds, Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court ; George F. Talbot, ex-United States District Attorney ; Nathan Webb, late an inenm- bent of the same office ; Wilbur F. Lunt, United States District Attorney ; Pereival Bonney, Judge of the Superior Court ; William Pitt Preble, Clerk of the District Court of the United States ; Josiah H. Drummond, ex-Attorney- General of Maine; Thomas B. Reed, ex-Attorney-General and Member of Congress; L. D. M. Sweat, ex-Member of Congress ; James D. Fessenden, Register in Bankruptcy; William H. Clifford, ex-United States Commissioner ; Edward M. Rand, United States Commissioner ; Thomas II. Haskell, County Attorney ; Enoch Kuight, Judge of the Municipal Court ; Llewellyn Kidder, Recorder of the Municipal Court ; Reuel Small, Reporter of the Superior Court; Sewall C. Strout, William L. Putnam, Bion Brad- bury, John Rand, Nathan Cleaves, Judges of Probate ; William W. Thomas, Jr., Charles P. Mattocks, Almon A. Strout, George F. Holmes, George E. B. Jackson, David II. Drummond, D. W. Fessenden, John H. Fogg, William H. Fessenden, Alvan A. Dennett, Edward 11. Daveis, Nathaniel Deering, Isaae L. Elder, Francis Fessenden, Frederic Fox, Fred N. Dow, Joseph A. Locke, Charles B. Merrill, Charles E. Clifford, Henry B. Cleaves, Josiah Chase, Jr., Samuel L. Carleton, John C. Cobb, Nathan Cummings,
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HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE.
S. 11. MeAlpine, S. B. Beckett, Alden J. Blenthen, A. W. Bradbury, Moses M. Butler, Sullivan C. Andrews, Samuel J. Anderson, Elbridge Gerry, Hanno W. Gage, Frederick C. Naslı, James O'Donnell, Melvin P. Frank, Melville A. Floyd, Elbridge Gerry, Jr., George F. Gould, Darius H. Ingraham, Aaron B. Holden, George Jewett, Elliot King, Clarence Ilale, Henry C. Ilixon, Osgood Bradbury, William P. An- thoine, John M. Adams, William Il. Anderson, Charles E. Barrett, Aaron W. Coombs, Edward B Cram, Liberty B. Dennett, Henry Deering, James T. MeCobb, Dennis A. Meaher, J. Pierrepont Neal, Oscar M. Metealf, Augustus F. Moulton, George W. Verrill, IIenry G. Thomas, L. Clifford Wade, William H. Motley, Hiram Knowlton, Charles F. Libley, Philip J. Larrabee, William J. Knowl- ton, John W. Munger, John Mussey, Benjamin Kingsbury, Henry C. Peabody, Edward P. Sherwood, Henry W. Swasey, Daniel W. Seribuer, Herbert M. Sylvester, William M. Payson, William M. Sargent, Tobias T. Snow, Edward II. Thomas, George A. Thomas, Edward P. Payson, Byron D. Verrill, Jabez C. Woodman, Frank S. Waterhouse, Lindley M. Webb, George Walker, Frank W. Robinson, George D. Rand, Emery S. Ridlon, Fabius M. Ray, Stanley T. Pullen, Lewis Pierce, John J. Perry, George R. Swasey, Ilenry St. John Smith, George M. Seiders, Thomas L. Talbot, Franklin C. Payson, William A. Golden, Seth L. · Larrabee, Joseph A. Lamson, Willis II. Leavitt, William G. Fassett, Hannibal H. Emery, Elias Dudley Freeman, Wil- liam M. Bradley, George E. Bird.
Bridgton .- Nathaniel S. Littlefield, Fred S. Strout, Samuel C. Smith, Benjamin T. Chase.
Brunswick .- William G. Barrows, Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court ; Henry Orr, Thomas M. Giveen, Weston Thompson.
Freeport .- Samuel Clark, R. Belcher, E. W. Mitchell, Harrison G. Sleeper.
Gray .- Warren HI. Vinton, John D. Anderson.
Gorham .- John A. Waterman, ex-Judge of Probate ; George B. Emery.
Harrison .- Caleb A. Chaplin, Obediah G. Cook.
Deering .- Edward Payson, Jason M. Carleton, William E. Morris.
Naples .- David II. Cole. Sebago .- Edwin L. Poor. Standish .- Horatio J. Swasey. Windham .- David P. B. Pride. Yarmouth .- Daniel L. Mitchell, Barnabas Freeman.
CHAPTER XVIII.
THE CUMBERLAND COUNTY PRESS .*
First Newspaper in Maine Portland Advertiser- First Semi-weekly -First Daily-Eastern Argus -Portland Press- Portland Trans- cript-Leader-Sunday Times-Sun.
THE first newspaper published in Maine was the Fal- mouth Gazette and Weekly Advertiser, by Thomas Wait
and Benjamin Titeomb, in 1785. Mr. Wait had been pre- viously connected with the Boston Chronicle, and had come to Falmouth and established a small stationer's store. Mr. Titeomb was a native of the place, having been born here July 26, 1761, and educated at Dummer Academy, in Newbury. He had also served an apprenticeship to the printer's trade in Newburyport, Mass. These two gen- tlemen formed a partnership, and on the 1st day of Jan- uary, 1785, issued the first number of the paper, which, under various names, has continued to exist till the present day. We shall head it with the name it now bears, and under that heading proceed to note the various changes through which it has passed.
PORTLAND ADVERTISER.
In 1786 the name of the Falmouth Gazette and Weekly Advertiser was changed to the Cumberland Gazette. Mr. Wait continued to conduet it eleven years. Mr. Titeomb retired from it earlier, and established a rival sheet called the Gazette of Maine. In 1792 the Cumberland Gazette was enlarged, and to avoid confusion with the other Gazette was ealled the Eastern Herald.
The polities of Portland at this time were exclusively Federalist. The whole of Maine constituted but one con- gressional district. Yet, in the absence of those party strifes which were often so bitter at a later day, personal feelings were frequently excited to a high pitch, and elections were as warmly contested as they ever have been since that period. Judge Thacher, of Biddeford, a personal friend of Mr. Wait's, had represented the district in Con- gress, and was a regular contributor to the paper. As a writer his wit and sarcasm were of the most exasperating quality, and he had rendered himself very unpopular in Portland. He was a candidate for re-election, and, not- withstanding the feeling which existed, Wait resolved to stand by his friend. The Gazette of Muine represented the opposition. During the canvass Wait was assaulted ; Daniel George, the schoolmaster, and Daniel Davis, after- wards United States District Attorney, were threatened with personal violence; and Samuel C. Johonot, an aecom- plished lawyer, was actually driven out of town. The vote of Portland stood, for Nathaniel Wells, of Wells, sixty-five; for Josiah Thatcher, of Gorham, twenty-three ; for Judge Thatcher, of Biddeford, twenty-one ; and for William Lith- gow, of Georgetown, one. Judge Thacher was re-elected on the fourth trial by a majority of sixty votes in the whole district.
Mr. Wait is described by Willis as "a man of ardent temperament, strong mind, great firmness and decision of character, earnest and persevering in whatever he under- took, and honest in his purpose." He lived on the corner of Congress and Elm Streets, where Deering Block now stands. Ilis paper was published "opposite the hay- market," now Market Square. The difficulties under which he labored may be appreciated when we remember the fact, recorded by Parson Smith, that in the spring of 1785 the Boston mail was delayed five weeks by bad roads. The first attempt to carry passengers East was made in 1793 by Caleb Graffam, who was employed by Wait to carry the
* The principal facts for this chapter are taken from the " Press of Maine," edited by Joseph Griffin, Esq.
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THE CUMBERLAND COUNTY PRESS.
newspapers once a week in summer, and once a fortnight in winter, to Hallowell and intermediate towns .*
In 1792 Mr. Titcomb abandoned the printing business, and began to preach for a small Baptist society then recently gathered in Portland, the first meetings of which were held in his own house. In 1804 he became pastor of the Baptist Church in Brunswick, where he labored faithfully and successfully for a period of forty years. Ile died Sept. 30, 1848, at the age of eighty-three.
Mr. Wait retired from the Eastern Herald in 1796, John K. Baker, one of his apprentices, having in that year bought and consolidated the paper with the Gazette of Maine. John Rand, another of his apprentices, issued the Oriental Trumpet the same year, and in 1798, E. A. Jenks, still another apprentice, after the Trumpet had fallen dumb, issued the first number of the Portland Gazette. In this latter paper Daniel George became interested, who in 1800 became sole owner of the Herald.
This Daniel George was a character. He was a man of genius, but so exceedingly deformed that he had to be moved from place to place in a small carriage drawn by a servant. He came to Portland in 1784 or 1785 from Newburyport, where he had published almanaes, as he afterwards did here. He was a printer, but kept a school in Portland, and had also a small bookstore in Fish Street, now Exchange.
In 1803 the Democrats (then called Republicans) had gained sufficient strength to start a newspaper, and the Eastern Argus was established by Calvin Day and Na- thaniel Willis, father of N. P. Willis. By a singular fatality it happened that in the following year the pub- lishers of both the Federalist papers were taken away. George died, and soon after Jenks was drowned on Sunday near Richmond Island, on his passage from Boston. Both establishments, it appears, were then united under the management of Isaae Adams, a man of fine abilities, who had graduated at Dartmouth College in 1796, and came to Portland to teach school in 1797. In 1802 he opened a book- store in Jones' Row, and in 1805 purchased the Gazette. Mr. Adams was for many years a leading eitizen, and repre- sented Portland ten years in the Legislature of Massachu- setts and seven years in that of Maine, after the separation.
In 1808, Mr. Adams admitted as partner Arthur Shirley, who had been an apprentiee, and who now took charge of the printing-office. Mr. Shirley's connection with the paper lasted till 1822, and it was wholly in his hands after 1811, except that a part of the time his brother, J. Shirley, was associated with him. It was during the administration of Messrs. Adams and Shirley that the old Gazette was illu- minated by the brilliant essays of a cluster of young men, whose articles, over the signatures of Pilgrim, Prowler, Night Hawk, and Torpedo, kept the town in good humor.
William B. Sewall, coming here to read law, found his college classmates, Savage and Payson (then preceptor of the new academy, and afterwards the distinguished preacher ), already engaged upon their weekly essays of wit and merri- ment. Two sons of Samuel Freeman-Samuel Deane and William-were Harvard contemporaries of Sewall, Savage, and Payson, and were also contributors to the Gazette. A little later came the contributions of the Torpedo Club, of which Charles S. Daveis, Nathaniel Deering, N. Carter, and N. Wright were the brightest ornaments.
In 1813, William Willis, the historian, came to Portland and entered upon the study of the law. After completing his studies in Boston, and being admitted to the Suffolk bar, he returned to Portland in 1819, to take charge of Judge Mellen's office, and in the same year was engaged by Mr. Shirley to furnish editorial articles for the Gazette. Mr. Willis' connection with the Gazette remained unbroken till, in 1822, Mr. Shirley having undertaken the publica- tion of the Christian Mirror, edited by Asa Rand, disposed of the Gazette, which, within the next three or four years, changed hands several times, coming back at last upou Mr. Shirley, who, in 1826, sold the paper to Jacob Hill and John Edwards. During the interval before this sale the paper had been edited by J. D. Hopkins, but mainly by the modest and learned William B. Sewall, who found these labors more to his mind than the wranglings of the bar. Under his management a semi-weekly edition was begun, with which was revived the old title, Portland Advertiser, while the weekly edition was still called The Gazette of Maine.
Mr. Hill (who was a lawyer) edited the paper himself so long as he retained an interest in it. But on the 1st of January, 1829, he sold to John and William Edwards. The new firm easting about for an editor, hit upon Green- ville Mellen, the poet, but, after a brief trial, found him unfitted for the place. On the recommendation of John Neal, who had returned from Europe about two years be- fore, and was a constant contributor, they next engaged James Brooks, a young man, who had graduated at Water- ville a few years before, and was engaged in Portland as teacher. This engagement proved very successful, as Mr. Brooks was not only an able and lively writer, but an origin- ating genius of new methods of journalism. He conceived the idea of the " Washington Correspondent," then entirely novel, and persuading the publishers to bear his expenses at the capital during the session of Congress, wrote thenee his spiey letters, which gave piquancy and zest to the columns of the Advertiser. The success of this enterprise led Mr. Brooks to propose to go to Europe as the "special corre- spondent" of the Advertiser, which was sanctioned by the publishers, and in 1835 he made the grand tour in that capacity. But, greatly to the dissatisfaction of his indig- nant employers, he never returned to Portland. Landing in New York, he issued the prospectus of The Express ; writing to Portland, however, that he still intended to maintain his connection with the Ahlcertiser. and, as soon as he could get the new enterprise under way, should leave its management in the hands of his brother, Erastus. Perhaps that was his purpose. At all events, his return to Portland remained an open question for about five years, or
" Thomas B. Wait was born in that part of Lynn, Mass., called Saugus, in 1762. Ile served an apprenticeship to the printer's trade in Boston. He came to Portland before 1785, and established a book- store, which was destroyed with all its contents in the fire of 1806. While in Portland he republished the Commentaries of Blackstone complete, importing a company of journeymen printers from Phila- delphia, of whom Robert Lilly was the foreman. On leaving Port land he removed to Boston, where be published the American State Papers.
1-4
10G
HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE.
until 1841, after he had tested his chances for an election to Congress from this district, and had failed. In Novem- ber of that year the publishers of the Advertiser installed Phinehas Barnes as editor. Mr. Barnes graduated at Bowdoin College in 1829, had studied law, and for five years before accepting the editorship had been Professor of Greek and Latin at Waterville. " He brought to his new task a breadth and thoroughness of culture which lent new dignity to the paper." lle continued to edit it till 1847, when he was succeeded by Henry Carter.
In 1837, John Edwards sold half the paper to Joseph M. Gerrish, who sold, in turn, to Reuben Ordway, -- who sold to Henry Carter and A. F. Gerrish in 1850. On the Ist of August, 1853, William E. Edwards, after thirty years in the Advertiser office, sold out to John M. Wood. Under the management of Mr. Wood the paper seemed to have declined, on account of much of his attention being given to other matters. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad had just been completed; Commercial Street had been opened the year before. In these great enterprises Mr. Wood had been conspicuous. He was planning a mag- nificent residence and a grand hotel. His method of con- dueting the paper was so expensive, that, although the subscribers had increased, the cost of publishing it exceeded the profits, flis partners, one after another, sold their shares, and in 1856 he became the sole owner. Mr. Carter remained a year longer as editor, and was followed by James G. Blaine (now United States Senator from Maine) in 1858.
In 1859 the paper once more changed hands, passing under the control of Messrs. Waldron, Little & Co., who retained it till Jan. 1, 1861, when it was sold to F. O. J. Smith. The editors, while the paper was published by Waldron, Little & Co., were James G. Blaine and C. C. Woodman. After the transfer to Mr. Smith, Eliphalet Case was the principal editor, until his death in the winter of 1862-63.
In Mr. Smith's hands the Advertiser sacrificed its position as a Republican paper, thereby leaving a field which was promptly occupied by the Portland Press, the present Re- publican morning paper, though the Advertiser did not succeed in supplanting the Argus as a Democratie organ. There being no room for three morning papers in Portland, the daily issue was suspended after the great fire of 1866. The weekly publication, however, was continued in an nn- broken series, and in 1868 the subscription list, printing materials, and sole right to revive the daily edition were pur- chased by the publishers of the Evening Star, a new name for the Courier, and the Daily Advertiser reappeared as an evening paper, under the management of its present editor and publisher, 11. W. Richardson.
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