USA > Maine > The Maine book > Part 21
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Sabine's (rare)
Barrow's Golden-Eye
Common Tern
Buffle-head
Arctic Tern
Old Squaw
Roseate Tern (rare)
Harlequin Duck
Least Tern (rare)
Northern Eider (rare)
Sooty Tern (rare)
American Eider
Black Tern (rare)
King Eider (rare)
Black Skimmer (quite rare)
American Scoter
Leach's Petrel (Mother Carey's Chicken) White-winged Scoter
WOODCOCK GROUP IN MUSEUM
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THE MAINE BOOK
Surf Scoter Ruddy Duck
Lesser Snow Goose (rare) Canada Goose Hutchins Goose (rare) Brant (not common) Whistling Swan (rare) American Bittern
Least Bittern (rare)
Great Blue Heron
Little Blue Heron (rare)
Green Heron
Red-shouldered Hawk
Black-crowned Night Heron
Yellow-crowned Night Heron (rare)
King Rail (rare)
Clapper Rail (rare)
Virginia Rail (rare)
Sora Rail
Yellow Rail
Purple Gallinule (rare)
Florida Gallinule (rare)
American Coot Mud-hen
Red Phalarope (rare)
Northern Phalarope (not common)
Wilson's Phalarope (rare)
American Woodcock
Wilson's Snipe
Dowitcher (Red-breasted Snipe)
Purple Sandpiper
Pectoral Sandpiper
White-rumped Sandpiper
Baird's Sandpiper (rare)
Least Sandpiper
Red-backed Sandpiper
Semipalmated Sandpiper Sanderling
Marbled Godwit (rare)
Greater Yellow-legs
Lesser Yellow-legs
Willet (quite rare)
Bartramian Sandpiper
Buff-breasted Sandpiper (occasional)
Spotted Sandpiper
Long-billed Curlew (rare)
Hudsonian Curlew (rare) Eskimo Curlew (rare)
Black-bellied Plover
American Golden Plover Kildeer
Ring Plover Piping Plover (rare)
Belted Piping Plover (rare)
Turnstone Canada Grouse (Spruce Partridge)
Ruffed Grouse (Partridge)
Mourning Dove (rare)
Turkey Vulture (occasional)
Black Vulture (occasional)
Marsh Hawk Sharp-shinned Hawk
Cooper's Hawk
American Goshawk
Red-tailed Hawk
Broad-winged Hawk
American Rough-legged Hawk, (not com- mon) Bald Eagle
Duck Hawk (rare)
Pigeon Hawk
American Sparrow Hawk
American Osprey
American Long-eared Owl
American Short-eared Owl (rare)
Barred Owl
Great Gray Owl (rare)
Richardson Owl
Saw-whet Owl
Screech Owl
Great Horned Owl Snowy Owl American Hawk Owl (not common)
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Black-billed Cuckoo
Belted Kingfisher
Hairy Woodpecker
Downy Woodpecker
Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker
American Three-toed Woodpecker
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Pileated Woodpecker
Red-headed Woodpecker (rare)
Flicker
Whip-poor-will
Night Hawk
Chimney Swift
Ruby-throated Humming-bird
King bird
Crested Fly-catcher (rare)
Phoebe
Olive-sided Fly-catcher . Wood Pewee Yellow-bellied Fly-catcher Alder Fly-catcher
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ANIMALS, FISH AND BIRDS
Least Fly-catcher Horned Lark Prairie Horned Lark Blue Jay Canada Jay Northern Raven (not common) American Crow Starling (not common) Bobolink Cowbird Red-winged Blackbird Meadow Lark Orchard Oriole
Baltimore Oriole
Rusty Blackbird Bronzed Grackle (crow Blackbird) Evening Grosbeak Pine Grosbeak Purple Finch American Crossbill White-winged Crossbill Redpoll Greater Redpoll (rare-) American Goldfinch Pine Siskin
Snow Flake (Snow Bunting)
Vesper Sparrow Ipswich Sparrow (quite rare)
Savanna Sparrow
Grasshopper Sparrow (rare) Sharp-tailed Sparrow Seaside Sparrow White-crowned Sparrow White-throated Sparrow Tree Sparrow Chipping Sparrow Field Sparrow Slate Colored Junco Song Sparrow Lincoln's Sparrow
Swamp Sparrow Fox Sparrow Towhee
Rose-breasted Grosbeak Indigo Bunting Scarlet Tanager Purple Martin Cliff Swallow Barn Swallow Bank. Swallow Tree Swallow
Bohemian Waxwing (rare) Cedar Waxwing
Northern Shrike Red-eyed Vireo Philadelphia Vireo (rare) Warbling Vireo Yellow-throated Vireo (rare)
Blue-headed Vireo Black and White Warbler
Nashville Warbler
Tennessee Warbler Parula Warbler Yellow Warbler Cape May Warbler (rare)
Black-throated Blue Warbler
Myrtle Warbler
Magnolia Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warbler
Bay-breasted Warbler Black Poll Warbler
Blackburnian Warbler
Black-throated green Warbler
Pine Warbler
Yellow Palm Warbler
Oven-bird Water Thrush
Connecticut Warbler
Mourning Warbler
Maryland Yellow-throat
Wilson's Warbler
Canadian Warbler
American Redstart
Mocking-bird (rare)
Catbird
Brown Thrasher Carolina Wren (rare)
House Wren Winter Wren
Short-billed Marsh Wren (rare)
Brown Creeper
White-breasted Nuthatch
Red-breasted Nuthatch
Chickadee Hudsonian Chickadee (not common)
Golden-crowned Kinglet
Ruby-crowned Kinglet Wood Thrust (rare)
Wilson's Thrush
Gray-cheeked Thrush
Olive-backed Thrush Hermit Thrush American Robin Bluebird
English Sparrow (introduced) Ring-necked Pheasant (introduced)
CHAPTER LI
STATE PRINTING
The first appropriation for state printing was $1000, made in 1834. This sum was increased from year to year until 1870, when it reached $3000. It continued at this figure until 1907. It was the custom for each legislature to elect a committee on printing and all bills for the previous year were submitted to this committee for approval. In 1895 an act was passed creating the office of auditor of state printing, but no appointment with salary was made until 1905. The office was abolished by the legisla- ture of 1911, but the work was done by a practical printer appointed by the state auditor without special authorization by law. In 1915 the office of Superintendent of Public Printing was created with the power of appointment lodged in the state auditor. By virtue of an amendment, passed in 1919, the governor now appoints the Superintendent of Public Printing and the office is a part of the executive department.
Improvements Through the office of Superintendent of Public Printing improvements are constantly being made and the business of printing and binding for the state is being placed on a sound business basis. Cooperation by the several departments makes this a healthy ven- ture, saving money for the state, gradually eliminating waste, over-pro- duction, and unnecessary detail, which heretofore have gone unnoticed.
The office has been provided with a complete modern letter manifold- ing equipment and addressing department, giving excellent service in efficiency and quality of work. Many of the departments have taken advantage of these facilities and find them a tremendous help in saving time and energy.
Competitive Bids
The printing for the state is divided into classes and com- petitive bids are solicited and proposals accepted for doing the work under contract, the contract usually running for a period of two years.
There are four classes of printing. Class A, book print- ing, includes annual or biennial reports of state officials,
Four Classes of Printing departments, institutions, boards or commissions, and sim- ilar books, pamphlets, catalogues, etc., consisting of eight pages or more, also abstracts of same printed from same type.
Class B, miscellaneous job printing, including blank forms, (index and filing cards, tab cards, loose leaves, and ruled blanks excepted), circu- lars of less than eight pages, stationery printed with the ordinary letter
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STATE PRINTING
press, and general office supplies. Circulars issued in series, where uni- formity of style is important, though occasionally comprising eight pages or more may be kept wholly within Class B if deemed most feasible.
Class C, legislative printing, including both book and job printing concurrent with and contingent upon sessions of the legislature, required by the order or for the use of the legislature.
Class D, election ballots for state, Congressional and presidential elections and accessories necessary for the packing and distribution of same, also election notices and blanks for returns.
Cost of The cost of printing by classes for the year 1917, which is
Printing a fair average, is as follows :
Printing
Binding
Class A
$12,645.39
Class A
$ 3,750.14
Class B
17,707.96
Class B
3,638.07
Class C & D
32,922.52
Class C & D
7,130.17
Class
3,169.83
Class E
745.79
Die-stamping
2,661.54
Total Printing, Binding, Die-
stamping, Etching's and
Plate printing: Etchings and Halftones
612.11
Halftones
84,983.52
This combined printing means nearly seven million impressions and nearly seven and one-quarter million pieces of paper.
Office There are three persons employed in the office of the
Expenses Superintendent of Printing and the annual expense of running it is $5,700.
CHAPTER LII
BANKS
History Bank Commissioners were first appointed in Maine under a legislative act of 1840. Their duties were limited to banks of discount until they were given supervision of Savings Banks in 1855. In 1868 the two bank commissioners were superseded by a single . officer, known as an Examiner of Banks and Insurance Companies, with powers concerning these institutions similar to those previously exercised by the bank commissioners. In 1870 the duties were divided between an examiner of banks and an insurance commissioner. The 1909 legislature changed the title to Bank Commissioner. The department now consists of a Bank Commissioner, Deputy Bank Commissioner, three Examiners and two clerks.
Bank The number, classes and assets of the institutions under Deposits the supervision of this department as compiled from the annual returns of September 29, 1917, are as follows :
45 Savings Banks $105,872,386.86
49 Trust Companies
19 Trust Company Branches 104,900,140.15
2 Trust Company Agencies
38 Loan and Building Associations 6,671,238.79
3 Loan Companies
882,456.58
156 Total $218,326,222.38
Dealers in The banking department also has supervision of dealers Securities in securities. There are at, present 188 dealers in securi- ties and 223 salesmen or agents licensed under the provi- sions of the "Blue Sky Law."
Loan The 1917 legislature placed under the supervision of the Banking Department all persons, copartnerships and cor-
Agencies porations engaged in the business of making loans of $300 or less, at a greater rate of interest than twelve per centum per annum. The act applies to pawn brokers as well as loan agencies. There are now eighteen loan agencies operating under the supervision of the depart- ment.
264
265
BANKS
Industrial Banks The establishment of "Industrial Banks" under the super- vision of the Banking Department was authorized by the 1917 legislature. These banks are intended to accommodate the small but worthy borrower who has no banking credit or whose needs are not sufficiently large to interest the average banker.
The state employs 7 persons in its Banking Department, and appro- priates for expenses $16,000. The state receives from all banking insti- tutions, $574,573.44.
CHAPTER LIII
SOCIAL SERVICE
Statistical The amount of money expended from the public treasury in the State of Maine, annually, for the support of the dependent and delinquent classes of its population, not including new buildings built from time to time, is $2,238,000.00 and the number of. persons receiving the benefit of this expenditure of public moneys is 20,000.
The number of persons in the various classes and the cost of caring for each class is shown by the following tabulation :
No. persons cared for or assisted
Annual Net Expenditure
State Board of Charities and Corrections, Mother's Aid
and Children's Guardians, including childrens institu-
tion and child-helping societies
2,400
$145,000.00
Insane Hospitals
2,000
587,000.00
School for Feeble-Minded
350
121,000.00
School for Boys and for Girls
525
119,000.00
Military and Naval Orphan Asylum
50
19,000.00
Tuberculosis Sanatoriums
250
215,000.00
Reformatories and Prisons
250
117,000.00
Pensions and Institutions for the Blind
420
66,000.00
Indigent patients in general and special hospitals paid for by the state
2,300
99,400.00
Total state expenditure
8,545
$1,488,400.00
The county jails cost annually.
County Jails
The number of persons committed to jails is
1,650
but the daily average number in custody is only.
150
The Cost Cities and towns expend annually for the care of the poor of Poverty $610,000.00, assisting some 10,000 persons. They also expend for special relief for mothers and children, $65,000. Twenty-seven per cent of the state's population fails to be fully self sup- porting and it costs $3.00 per capita of the state population from the public treasury, either state, county or municipal, to care for them.
75,000.00
of Charities
State Board The State Board of Charities and Corrections established by the legislature of 1913 is composed of five members (unsalaried), one of them a woman, appointed by the gov- ernor and with the consent of the council. The board appoints a salaried
266
267
SOCIAL SERVICE
secretary and other agents. The board is required to investigate and inspect the whole system of public charities and correctional institutions in the state, examine into the condition and management of all prisons, jails, reform schools, industrial schools of a charitable or correctional nature, children's homes, hospitals, sanatoriums, almshouses, orphanages, hospitals for the insane, schools or homes for feeble-minded, and other similar insti- tutions, supported wholly or in part by state, county or municipal appro- priations, except purely educational or industrial institutions ; and any pri- vate charitable or correctional institutions which may desire to be placed on the list of such institutions. The officers of all institutions subject to such supervision are required to furnish all information desired by the board, which may prescribe forms for statement, and upon the basis of such inves- tigation the board may present recommendations to the governor and legis- lature as to the management of the institution, notice thereof being given to the institutions affected.
The board is required to give its opinion as to the organization of charitable, eleemosynary or reformatory institutions which are or may be under its supervision, and passes upon all plans for new institutions under its supervision. It receives full reports from overseers of the poor in regard to paupers supported or relieved.
It acts ex-officio as a board of mother's aid, supervising the adminis- tration of special aid to mothers with children under sixteen years of age dependent upon them, and also ex-officio as a board of children's guardians, caring for neglected children committed to it by the courts, and for depend- ent children without relatives able to care for them.
The board makes a biennial report to the legislature and publishes a quarterly bulletin.
Private Institutions There are a number of associations, hospitals, and other institutions which receive appropriations from the state, and are subject to supervision by the State Board of Char- ities and Corrections so long as they receive such aid.
Overseers of the Poor Overseers of the poor, not to exceed seven in number, are chosen by each town. These have general care of destitute persons found in the town, superintend the almshouse, workhouse, and house of correction, provide for immigrants in distress, and remove paupers to their place of settlement. They act ex-officio as municipal boards of mother's aid and municipal boards of children's guar- dians. In some cases the selectmen act as overseers of the poor, and in cities this duty devolves on different officers, according to the charter. In plantations of more than 200 population and $100,000 valuation, the assess- ors act as overseers, and in unincorporated places the overseers in adjoin- ing or nearby towns have care of the poor.
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THE MAINE BOOK
Persons Entitled to Relief Persons who, on account of poverty, need relief, are to be cared for by the overseers of the poor of the town in which they have settlement. In the case of unincorpor- ated places, and of immigrants who fall into distress, the overseers are to furnish relief, the expense being met by the state, and the paupers do not become paupers of such town by reason of such resi- dence. The governor and council may in case of necessity transfer a state pauper to any town or place him in a state institution without formal commitment, but not without the knowledge and consent of the overseers of the town to which the pauper is to be removed. In case of poor per- sons having legal settlement elsewhere, they are to be relieved, and the expense recovered from the place where they have settlement. Whoever brings an indigent person into a town with intent to charge his support upon the town is liable to fine and the cost of such person's maintenance, and anyone who aids in bringing or leaving such a person is similarly liable. Legal Settlement Legal settlement in a town is acquired by an adult by five years' residence without receiving pauper supplies. Resi- dence in a public institution does not result in legal settle- ment. A married woman has the settlement of her husband, if he has any in the state; if not, her own settlement is not affected by the mar- riage. Legitimate children have the settlement of their father, if he has any in the state; if not, they have the settlement of their mother; but if of age they acquire one. Illegitimate children have the settlement of their mother at the time of their birth.
Responsibility of Relatives The father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, children, and grandchildren, by consanguinity, living within the state and of sufficient ability, are required to support per- sons chargeable to them, in proportion to their respective ability.
Methods of Institutional Relief Every town, either by itself or in conjunction with one or more towns, is authorized to provide an almshouse and poor farm for the care of poor and destitute persons need- ing relief ; also a workhouse to which poor persons, espe- cially those who are able-bodied, may be sent and required to work; also a house of correction for criminals. But until the workhouse and house of correction are provided, the almshouse may be used for all three pur- poses. All are under the supervision of the overseers of the poor.
Outdoor Relief Overseers have the care of persons chargeable to their town and cause them to be relieved and employed at the expense of the town, but there is no requirement as to relief within an institution. It is provided that supplies and medical care may be furnished on the application of a poor person or of that of some person acting for him. Towns at their annual meetings, under a war- rant for the purpose, may contract for the support of their poor for a
269
SOCIAL SERVICE
term not exceeding five years. Overseers may set to work, or bind to service for a time not exceeding one year, persons with or without settle- ment, able-bodied, married or unmarried, over 21 years of age, having no apparent means of support and living idly.
Care of Children Mothers with children under sixteen years dependent upon them, and who are fit and capable, physically, mentally and morally to bring up their children, may receive special financial aid if they need it, the state and town sharing equally in the cost. A child who is, on investigation by any municipal or probate court, found to be cruelly treated or wilfully neglected, or without means of support, may be ordered into the care and custody of such person as the judge may deem suitable, providing that such person consents to support and edu- cate the child, and gives bond so to do. Or the child may be committed to the custody of the State Board of Children's Guardians, or to a children's institution or child welfare organization approved by the state board.
Children may be adopted and guardians appointed for minors on approval by the judge of probate, and on written consent by the child, if of the age of 14 years, and by the parents, guardian, next of kin, or some person appointed by the judge.
A child in the custody of a public or charitable institution, or the State Board of Children's Guardians, may be restored to the parent by the supreme judicial court if after examination it appears that the parent or parents can suitably provide for it, and that justice requires its restora- tion.
The Military and Naval Orphan Asylum is authorized at the discre- tion of the trustees to admit to the home children or grand-children of veterans of the Civil War; also orphans or half orphans of veterans of other wars.
Delinquent boys, and girls in moral danger, may be committed to the State School for Boys or for Girls as the case may be.
Care of There are numerous private charitable institutions for the the Sick sick for which the state makes appropriations, and towns are authorized to provide for the indigent sick. When such appropriations are made by the state, the institutions then come under the supervision of the State Board of Charities. Local boards of health are required to look after persons having diseases dangerous to the pub- lic health, and may remove them to separate houses, provide nurses and necessaries free, if the patient is unable to pay for the same. They are also required to furnish antitoxin free to all indigent persons suffering from diphtheria and other contagious diseases.
Care of the Blind
Needy blind persons over twenty-one years of age may receive a state pension of not to exceed $200 per annum per person. Blind or partially blind persons over 18 years
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THE MAINE BOOK
of age, residents of the state, may receive in the Maine Institution for the Blind, for a period not to exceed three years, practical instruction in some useful occupation conducive to self-support; and in aid of this work the state makes an annual appropriation to the institution.
The Insane An indigent insane person committed by the court or a municipal board of examiners as insane is to be main- tained by the state, the town where he resides paying the expense of examination and commitment. If the person has no legal settlement in the state all expenses are paid by the state.
The Feeble- Minded
Idiotic and feeble-minded persons, 6 years of age and upward, are cared for and educated in the Maine School for Feeble-Minded. Indigent persons are supported by the state; others are charged a limited sum.
Tuberculosis Persons who are affected with tuberculosis may be cared for in state sanatoriums at cost, or if indigent, at the expense of the state.
Delinquents
Misdemeanants may be committed to the county jails, of which there is one in each county save two (Lincoln and
Sagadahoc. These counties pay for the care of their prisoners in other counties). They may be also committed to municipal workhouses, but only a few cities maintain such an institution. They may also be com- mitted to either the Reformatory for Men or the Reformatory for Women.
Persons who commit more serious offenses may be committed not only to the reformatories but also to the state prison.
The semi-intermediate sentence law is applicable to all state correc- tional institutions, for each of which the governing board acts also as a parole board.
Soldiers A soldier or sailor who served by enlistment in the Army
and Sailors or Navy of the United States in the Civil War or in the War with Spain, who was honorably discharged and has become dependent upon any town, is not to be considered a pauper and is not to be supported by the overseers of the poor in the poorhouse, but, with his family, including wife and unmarried minor children living with him and dependent upon him for support, is to be supported by the town of his settlement at his own home or in such suitable place other than the poorhouse, as the overseers of the town may deem proper. A dependent sailor or soldier and his family may be removed to the town of his settle- ment.
CHAPTER LIV
MAINE STATE HOSPITALS
The State of Maine provides for the care and treatment of persons suffering from mental and nervous disorders, two large, modern and well- equipped institutions.
Augusta State Hospital This institution, formerly known as the Maine Insane Hos- pital, is located in the city of Augusta on the eastern bank of the Kennebec River, nearly opposite the State House, one and a half miles from the railroad station.
Early History Provision for the hospital was made by the legislature March 8, 1834, by the appropriation of $20,000 upon con- dition that a like sum be raised by individual subscription within one year. Before the expiration of the time limit, Hon. Reuel Williams of Augusta and Hon. Benjamin Brown of Vassalboro contributed $10,000 each for the purpose. Subsequently Mr. Brown offered as a site 200 acres of land on the Kennebec in the town of Vassalboro which the legislature accepted, but which was not considered a suitable location, and the land with Mr. Brown's consent was sold by the state for $4,000, and the more suitable site in Augusta was purchased with $3,000 of this money.
Mr. Williams who was appointed commissioner to erect the hospital sent John B. Lord of Hallowell to examine similar institutions, and the general plan of the state hospital at Worcester, Mass., was adopted. Dur- ing the year 1836 contracts were made and materials collected, but in March, 1837, Mr. Williams resigned as commissioner and John H. Hart- well was appointed, under whose supervision the work was carried on for another year. In March, 1838, a further appropriation of $29,500 was made to complete the exterior, and Charles Keene was appointed in place of Mr. Hartwell. In 1840 a further appropriation of $28,000 was made to complete the wings, and on the 14th of October the first patient was admitted. Since that time the institution has grown gradually to its present proportions. The original plant consisted of a central office build- ing with three wings on either side joined together after the Kirkbride plan. Two pavilions, one for men, the other for women, were added in 1884. Two more pavilions were completed in 1890. On March 3, 1905, President Roosevelt signed an act authorizing the secretary of war to con- vey the Kennebec arsenal property situated in Augusta to the State of Maine for public purposes. The property comprised about 40 acres on
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