History of Kent County, Michigan, together with sketches of its cities, villages and townships, educational, religious, civil, military, and political history, portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of representative citizens, Part 1

Author: Leeson, M. A. (Michael A.); Chapman, Charles C., & Co. (Chicago)
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Chicago : C.C. Chapman & Co.
Number of Pages: 1434


USA > Michigan > Kent County > History of Kent County, Michigan, together with sketches of its cities, villages and townships, educational, religious, civil, military, and political history, portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of representative citizens > Part 1


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94 | Part 95 | Part 96 | Part 97 | Part 98 | Part 99 | Part 100 | Part 101 | Part 102 | Part 103 | Part 104 | Part 105 | Part 106 | Part 107 | Part 108 | Part 109 | Part 110 | Part 111 | Part 112 | Part 113 | Part 114 | Part 115 | Part 116 | Part 117 | Part 118 | Part 119 | Part 120 | Part 121 | Part 122 | Part 123 | Part 124 | Part 125 | Part 126 | Part 127 | Part 128 | Part 129 | Part 130 | Part 131 | Part 132 | Part 133 | Part 134 | Part 135 | Part 136 | Part 137 | Part 138 | Part 139 | Part 140 | Part 141 | Part 142 | Part 143 | Part 144 | Part 145 | Part 146 | Part 147 | Part 148



Gc 977.401 K41h 436433


PUBLIC LIBRARY FORT WAYNE & ALLEN CO., IND


M L.


GENEALOGY COLLECTION


ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01075 5657


GC 977.401 K41H


HISTORY


OF


KENT COUNTY.


MICHIGAN;


TOGETHER WITH SKETCHES OF ITS CITIES, VILLAGES AND TOWNSHIPS, EDU- CATIONAL, RELIGIOUS, CIVIL, MILITARY, AND POLITICAL HISTORY ; PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT PERSONS, AND BIOGRAPHIES OF REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS.


HISTORY OF MICHIGAN,


EMBRACING ACCOUNTS OF THE PRE-HISTORIC RACES, ABORIGINES, FRENCH, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN CONQUESTS, AND A GENERAL REVIEW OF ITS CIVIL, POLITICAL AND MILITARY HISTORY.


ILLUSTRATED.


CHICAGO: CHAS. C. CHAPMAN & CO., 1881.


BLAKELY, MARSH & CO . PRINTERS, 155 & 157 DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO


DONOHUE & HENNEBERRY,


BOOKBINDERS, 182 & 184 MONROE STREET, CHICAGO).


436433


PREFACE.


In presenting this volume to the people of Kent county we feel that they will have more confidence in its historical state- ments than is usually reposed in works of this nature: The great interest manifested in its compilation by the leading pioneers and public men of the county, largely insures this result. Besides the careful and pains-taking diligence of our historian, in order to se- cure greater accuracy and completeness, we requested the President of the Old Residents' Society to appoint a committee to revise and correct the manuscript. This Mr. Hilton did, appointing men who earnestly desired a true and faithful record of their county to be made.


The committee appointed to revise and correct the general his- tory of the county and of the city of Grand Rapids, assembled Aug. 30, 1881, and continued their labor for a period of seven days. During the session of this committee many important events were suggested, old landmarks located, reminiscences recited, and much historical matter added. The labor of revision, although tedious. was pleasant. Many points were freely and fully discussed, and finally settled satisfactorily to a majority of the members.


We extend to the members of this committee our warmest thanks for the material aid received from them in our labor of com- pilation, and for the studious care with which they examimed the prepared manuscript. As evidence that unusual care was taken in the writing and compilation of this work, we print on the page following the preface copies of the certificates given us by this committee. These will show to the generations of the future that this work may be relied on as practically correct.


While, however, such a united effort was made to insure accu- racy, yet errors will be found within the pages of this volume. It is a physical impossibility to write a book of such magnitude, where so many thousands of facts are related, and tens of thou- sands of names and dates given, and have it free from mistakes. Accurate and reliable history is most difficult to write. Those who have never experienced the difficulties incident to such labor cannot realize how nearly impossible it is, or appreciate the earn- est, honest and faithful labor of the historian. After the most careful and pains-taking searches and inquiry upon any particular subject or about any event, he will even then find many doubts arising in his mind as to its accuracy and entire truthfulness. Each individual to whom inquiry is made will give a different ac- count of any event. One of these may be as honest as the other, and try to relate his story correctly, yet they will be so widely dif


JUL 31 1040


Bookman $1.50


PREFACE.


ferent that the most searching and logical mind will be unable to harmonize them. These facts were forcibly realized by the gen- tlemen who composed the committee, and has been our experience.


As one of the mostinteresting features of this work we present the portraits of numerous representative citizens. It has been our aim to have the prominent men of to-day, as well as the pioneers, repre- sented in this department, and we compliment ourselves on the uniform high character of the gentlemen whose portraits we pre- sent. They are in the strictest sense representative men, and are selected from all the callings and professions worthy to be repre- sented. There are others, it is true, who claim equal prominence with those presented, but of course it was impossible for us to give portraits of all the leading men and pioneers of the county.


As the ending of the tedious and toilsome labor attending the publication of a work of this nature and magnitude dawns upon us, we cannot lay down our pen without returning thanks to those who have so freely aided our corps of historians. Among these we personally mention Albert Baxter, editor of the Eagle; Robert Hilton, John Ball, Prof. E. Everett, Wright L. Coffinberry, Reuben H. Smith, Thomas B. Church, Loomis K. Bishop, Registrar, E. G. D. Holden, Lyman D. Norris, W. N. Cook, Fred S. Clarke, County Clerk; James N. Davis, of the Democrat; Wm. I. Blakely, Thomas D. Gilbert, Judge S. L. Withey, together with a large number of ministers of the gospel and secretaries of secret and benevolent societies who so quickly and fully responded when asked for information.


To the members of the newspaper press of the county we are indebted for their entire unanimity in support of the work. Dur- ing the period of our stay in the county, the editors of the various journals co-operated with us in a most cordial manner. Nor can we forget the hundreds who made the publication of this great work possible by patronizing it. To this large and most important portion of the people we must forever feel grateful. They supported the work, and for them it was written and com- · piled.


To Prof. M. A. Leeson, our historian, we express our thanks, as also to the gentlemen forming our corps of biographical histo- rians. They faithfully discharged every duty devolving upon them.


C. C. CHAPMAN & CO.


CHICAGO, December, 1881.


CERTIFICATES.


Below we present copies of the certificates signed by the members composing the committee appointed by the President of the Old Residents' Society to correct and revise the manuscript of the general history of the county, and that of the city of Grand Rapids. These certificates will show to those who examine this work that great care was taken to have it authentic. The gentle- men whose names are connected with the certificates have been prominently identified with the county for many years, and are known to be men of ability, sound judgment, integrity, and deeply interested in the history of their county.


GRAND RAPIDS, MICH., Aug. 17, 1881.


The undersigned, members of the General Committee, appointed by the Presi- dent of the Old Residents' Association of the Grand River Valley to read the his- tory of the city of Grand Rapids, have examined the manuscript submitted, and find it to be prepared with care and diligence. It is replete in facts and incidents, and forms a very valuable addition to the history of the county.


ROBERT HILTON, THOS. B. CHURCH, JOHN BALL, WILLIAM N. COOK, REUBEN H. SMITH, WM. I. BLAKELY.


GRAND RAPIDS, MICH., Sept. 1, 1881.


We, the members of a committee appointed by the President of the Old Resi- dents' Association of the Grand River Valley to revise and correct the History of Kent County, published by C. C. Chapman & Co., have devoted several days to an examination of many of the principal chapters, suggested what corrections were necessary, and now believe it contains a full, accurate and impartial account of men and events connected with the political, religious and commercial history of Kent county.


ROBERT HILTON, THOS. B. CHURCH, JOHN BALL, WILLIAM N. COOK, REUBEN H. SMITH, WM. I. BLAKELY.


CONTENTS.


HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.


Mound-Builders 17


State University


Large Cities


20


State Normal School


Indians 21


Agricultural College.


90


Manners and Customs


Other Colleges


93 91


Detroit ...


State Public School.


94


National Policies 30


Ordinance of 1787.


34


French and Indian War


39


Massacre at Michilimackinac


41 44


Asyluni for the Insane, at Kalamazoo. 66 66 66


Pontiac. 97


American Revolution


46


Penal Institutions


97


Okemos, 56


57


State Fisheries ..


98


Perry's V ctory


58


Close of the War


60


Political


62


State Land Office.


State Library 100


Banks 101


The "Toledo War" 76


Administration of Gov. Horner.


Newspapers 10S


Michigan as a State .. 80


Population 108


Administrations of the State Governors.


82


State Officers 109


War of the Rebellion 88


Public School System. 88


Retrospect.


111


HISTORY OF KENT COUNTY.


Introduction


115


CHAPTER I.


GEOLOGY, ARCHÆOLOGY, etc 117


Geological Formations 112


Michigan Salt Group. 120


Gypsum .. 125


Archæology . 125


Sepulchers of the Sanks 130


Latitude and Longitude. 134


Summits. 134


Rainfall ..


135


Original Name of the Valley 135


CHAPTER II.


INDIANS 137


Early Explorers 138


Annihilation of the Sanks 139


Pontiac's Vis t to th . Valley 142


The Ottawas and Pottawatomies 142 The Indian Dead .. 144


Legend of the Lone Tree. 146


Ind an Payment. Day in Old Times 147


Sentence and Execution. 148


CHAPTER III.


WELL-REMEMBERED SAVAGES 152


CHAPTER IV.


TREATIES WITH THE INDIANS 161


How the Treaties were Carried Out. 169


Arrival of Leonard Slater .. 176


End of the Indian Mission. 180


CHAPTER V.


PIONEERS OF KENT. 183


First French Settlers. 183


Other American Pioneers 189


"Oh, Bright were the Hopes of the Young Pioneer" 20S


CHAPTER VI.


PIONEER REMINISCENCES 210


Rix Robinson's Supremacies 210


The Kaw-wa-schanav-bee-schid. 211


The Eastern Man and the Bear 212


Tom Lewis' Pranks 213


Geo. Coggeshall .. 214


Postal Changes in 1840 ..


215


Proscribing the Winds.


215


Lonis Campan on the Modern City 216


Death of Peleg Barlow. 217


The Immigrants 218


The Ovidians 219


Indian Tramps. 220


Whisky in the Rocking-Chair. 220


That Goin' to Mill. 220


McNaughton's Stage 223


Kent Pioneers in Ottawa. 223


The Indian Girl's Reprieve 225


Campau's First Buggy 225


Almost Equal Terms 226


Visitors ai Kalamazoo 226


To the Rescue. 227


The Recollections of a Pioneer. 228


Early Catholic Missions. 229


The Boynton Settlement .. 236


To Kalamazoo and Return 236


The Gulf Prairie Wolf. 237


The Indian's Victim 237


The Unknown Traveler 23g


99


State Board of Public Health


99


100


Administration of Gen. Cass. .. Geo. B. Porter


65


74


Geology 10℃


98


Tecumseh 50


State Agricultural Society


Pomological Society.


98


Hull's Surrender


State Firemen's Association


uf


Siege of Detro.t ..


Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind. 96


European Possession .. 24


Charitable Institutions


State Reform School. 95


Topography. 111


CONTENTS.


The Old Grist-Mill. 238


If Bruin Only Knew It. 241


The Conquest of Difficulty 241


Men and Wolves of 1845


242


The Tornado of 1836


242


Vicissitudes of a Day's Travel.


243


The Celtic Postmaster.


243


CHAPTER VII.


THE OLD RESIDENTS' SOCIETY 247


Organization 247


First Roll of Members. 249


Reorganization 250


Meetings.


250-254


Acts of the Association. 1879-'81 254


Roll of Members, 1871-'81 .260 -: 66


".I am Almost There" 266


Junior Old Settlers' Association. 267


Junior Roll of Charter Members .


268


CHAPTER VIII.


EVIDENCES OF EARLY PROGRESS .. 273


Salt Manufacture. 274


Boats ... 279


Water-Power


280


CHAPTER IX.


ORGANIC


283


Other Acts of Organization, etc. 291


Acts of the Supervisors 242


The Court-House Square. 295


Growth of the Supervisors' Board. 297


Financial Condition of the County 293


Growth Shown by Population. 301


Public Highways. 303


Railroads


304


CHAPTER X.


THE COURTS AND BAR. 305


Murder of Nega 306


Murder of Dr. Kerney. 310


Murder of Barber 310


Murder of James Crawford. 313


Trottier's Cheese .. 314


First Lawyers of the County 314


. Primitive Justice Courts. 316


Bar Association 317


Present Bar.


319


CHAPTER XI.


POLITICAL HISTORY 320


Congressional and State Elections 321


Early County Officials.


321


Board of County Commissioners


325


Board of Supervisors


325


Election Returns


326


Election in 1881 343


CHAPTER XII.


KENT COUNTY IN THE WAR 345


The First War Meeting 316


The 1st Engineers and Mechanics 350


Regiments, in Order


350-100


List of Casualties


493


Buried in This County 4.1


CHAPTER XIII.


THE COUNTY PRESS 41


Grand River Times 41


Young Hickory. 41


Grand Rapids Eagle 41


The Daily Eagle. 41


The Democrat 4:


Daily Herald .. 4:


Grand Rapids Press 45


The Young Wolverine. 42


Great Western Journal. 427


The Daily Times ..


428


Saturday Evening Post 429


The Leader


429


The Pioneer. 431


Michigan Staats Zeitung. 432


De Standaard.


433


· Vrijheids Banier. 433


Lowell Journal 434


Cedar Springs Clipper. 435


Rockford Weekly Register


439


Kent County Herald ..


440


Sand Lake Weekly Enterprise .. 440


CHAPTER XIV.


MISCELLANEOUS


442


Agriculture and Horticulture. 442


Banks and Bankers 457


Educational.


462


Kent Scientific Institute 464


Medical.


464


The County Grange.


470


Minor Items, 1841-'81.


471


Retrospect.


485


CITY OF GRAND RAPIDS.


Introductory 794


First American Settlers 800


Reminiscences of John Ball. 809


First Plats of the Village 824


Organic 829


Charter Election 829


830


Mayors and Aldermen to 1881


831


Other Officers 833


Fire Department. 834


Water Works 836


Police .. 840


Hotels 841


Postoffices 842


Statistics of Property. 844


Population 845


Highways 845


Schools. 846


Teachers for 1881


854


City Expenses for 1881-12 857


City Library .


858


CHURCHES:


Baptist .. 858


Catholic. 864


Methodist Episcopal. ..


869


Wesleyan Methodist 872


Congregational .. 872


Protestant Episcopal .. 880


Lutheran and Reformed .. 883


Presbyterian . 888


Swedenborgian 889


Universalist. 889


Jewish 890


Cemeteries 890


Kent Scientific Institute 895


Union Benevolent Association. 895


Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Society 897


Young Men's Christian Association 897


B'nai B'rith. . 898


Central W. C. T. U.


898


I. O.G. T 899


I. O. O. F 899


Masonic .. 900


Knights of Honor. 903


Ind. Order of Foresters 904


Knights of Pythias 905


Ind. Order of Red Men 905


Royal Arcanum. 905


Grand Army of the Republic. 906


Holland Mutual Aid Society.


906


Covenant Mutual Benefit Association 907


-


Village Trustees.


CONTENTS.


Lowell Club


907


Wood. 919


Boat Club


907


Carriages and Wagons 921


St. George's Soclety


907


Agricultural Implements 922


Sanitary Assoclation


908


Lumber. 423


Mutual Benefit Association


908


Machine Shops and Foundries


925


St. Mark's Gulld. 9.8


We.que-ton-slng 908


Breweries 933


G. R. Furulture Mntg. Association.


908


Stone Works.


935


Land League


.09


Miscellaneous


435


Valley City Choral Society


909


New Companies. 937


Biographical Sketches.


93S


MANUFACTURES 909


915


CITY AND TOWNSHIP HISTORIES AND BIOGRAPHIES.


Ada. 487


518


Nelson and Solon. 1232


Alpine.


553


Oakfield. 1275


Bowne


534


Paris 1290


Byron .


603


Plainfield. 1306


Caledonia


640


Solon and Nelson.


1232


Cannon.


693


Spencer 1330


Courtla :: d


@19


Tyrone 1358


Gaines


730


Vergennes. 1364


Grand Papids, tp


791


Wyoming 1408


Grattan


655


Conclusión 1426


ILLUSTRATIONS.


Map of Kent County. 14 and 15°


Tecumseh 55


Hieroglyphicsof the Mound-Builders ...


19


Pontiac ..


61


La Salle Landing at the Mouth of the St.


Hunting Prairie Wolves in an Early Dny .. 67


Joseph River ..


25


Eastern Asylum for the Insane at Pontiac 73 State Public School at Coldwater. 81


Gen. Geo. Rogers Clark 37


The Capitol, at Lansing. 91


Gen. Arthur St. Clair.


43


University of Michigan.


102-3


Trapping.


PORTRAITS.


Allen, J. W


528


Holmes, E, S. 820


Avery. N. L.


801


Hovey, Wm. 929


Ball, John


948


Hughes, D. Darwin 874


Birdsall. Wın


1109


Jamison, Hugh 673


Blain, Sarah A.


746


Johnson, G. K., M. D.


419


Blain, Wilmot H.


747 765


McCarty, N. L. 1217


784


Briggs, G. G.


366


Miller,. George


1297


Brown, Elisha T


564


Mohl, Edward.


545


Brown, K. J.


1056


Nash, J. E.


150


Brown, Wm. H.


656


Norris, Lyman D


330


Bush, Daniel.


186


Norton, E. W


294


Canpan, E.


692


Olmsted. W. I ..


1325


Campau. Louis


131


Pettis, Edward.


492


Chappell, Dan N


1228


383


Cheney. A. B.


131G


Pickett, Wm. B


Clark, Erastus.


239


Prindle, C. W., M. D


311


Cometock. C. C.


912


Rhodes, Anna. 1355


Rhodes, Hiram 1345


Robinson, Rix 114


Cordes, W. 581


Sellers, L. M. 437


600


Dunham, Win.


893


Smiley, M. J.


875


Durfee. Allen


402


Stone, H. G.


965


Everett, Franklin


999


Feakins, Edward.


.1288


Swarts, Edward


1257


Flich, Norton.


.727


Symnes, John


1268


Ford, C. S., M. D 1237


1181


Fralick. Henry


456


Taylor, Hollis R.


1336


Hake, Win


1002


Towner, Cerelia L


618


Herrington. V 1128


Towner, S. S.


619


Heath. L. W 347


Van Buren. O.


856


Hills, Perry . 1145


Wenham. John C ..


984


Hilton, David W


1092


White, Geo. H.


203


Hilton. Robert .. 258


Whitfield, I. J., M. D.


473


Hoag, A. R .. 275


Winegar. Isaac.


637


Hozadone, Edwin D 1019


Withey. Hon. S. L 167


Hogadone, J. B


509


Wood, Clinton A 710


Holden, Hon. E. G. D.


222


Zinser, John M 1164


Hollister, Harvey J


1037


King, Francis. 1200


Boynton, Jerry


Brace, Avery


837


McLean, Alexander


Phillips, E. C 1848


Cook, Marietta.


1377


Cook Orson


1376


Coster. R. L.


1220


Skidmore, D. M.


Stonebreaker, A. C 1073


Tabor, Marcins.


Cracker Factories 927


Mills, Flour and Plaster.


928


Wood Carvers .. 908


Furniture ..


Lowell. 1179


Algoma


Sparta 1322


677


Cascade


Walker 1385


Grand Rapids. city


49


Indians Attacking Frontiersmen. 31


GRANDVILLE!


G.


Hast Paris P.O.


S


VillasterY


Valley


Buch


Prant L ..


SHER.S STATION


+


36


31


6


5


5


ALASKA


WORTH BYRON


Hirmmond PO


P.O


7


E


13


IS


13


15


13


nor


Byron Capter


S


E


23


22


Enumnon I ..


Ba


S .7


27


Orrisa L.


aledonia


Har


Co


CORINTH


Riper


33


.R. XI


R.X.


R. IX.


ans;


sur-


at a


ities


ame


ern-


her


what


That


with


From


tates


trast


inds


iron


ner-


sula,


the


That


reat


And


cir


with


ich-


hold


um-


g is


are


iris-


ver -


u,in


Rey


A


R.A


P.O.


34.


31


s W


30 0


CONTENTS.


Lowell Cinb


902


Wood 919


Boat Club


907


Carriages and Wagons 921


St. George's Soclety.


908


Lumber ...


923


Mutual Benefit Association


908


Machine Shops and Foundries. 925


St. Mark's Gulld


9. S


We que-ton-sing


Breweries 933


G. R. Furulture Mutg. Association.


908


Stone Works.


935


Land League


909


New Companies 937


93S


MANUFACTURES 909


915


Furniture.


CITY AND TOWNSHIP HISTORIES AND BIOGRAPHIES.


Ada.


487


Lowell. 1179


Algoma


553


Oakfield 1275


Alpine


534


Paris


1290


Bowne


603


Plainfield.


1306


Byron


040


Solon and Nelson.


1232


Caledonia


671


Sparta


1322


Cannon


693


Spencer 1350


1358


Courtland


730


Vergennes.


1364


Gaines


Walker 1385


Grand Papids, tp


794


Wyoming 1408


Grand Rapids, city


,55


Conclusion 1426


ILLUSTRATIONS.


Map of Kent County. 14 and 15


19


Pontiac ..


61


La Sal'e Landing ut the Month of the St. Joseph River. 25


Eastern Asylum for the Insane at Pontiac 73


Indinns Attacking Frontiersmen.


31


Stute Public School at Coldwater. 81


Gen. Geo. Rogers Clark


37


The Capitol, at Lansing. 91


Gen. Arthur St. Clair.


43


University of Michigan 102-3


Trapping.


PORTRAITS.


Allen, J. W


528


Holmes, E, S. 820


Avery. N. L.


801


Hovey, Wm 929


Ball, Jobn


98


Hughes, D. Darwin 874


Birdsall. Wm


1109


Jamison, Hugh 673


Blain, Sarah A.


746


Johnson, G. K., M. D 419


Blain, Wilmot H


747


King, Francis


1200


McCarty, N. L.


1217


Brace, Avery


837


McLean. Alexander


784


Briggs, G. G.


366


Miller, George.


1297


Brown, Ellsha T.


564


Mohl, Edward


545


Brown, K. J.


1056


Nash, J. E.


150


Brown. Wm. H.


656


Norris, Lyman D


330


Bush, Daniel.


186


Norton, E. W


294


Campan, E.


692


Olmsted. W. I.


1325


Campan. Lonis


131


Pettis. Edward.


492


Chappell, Dan N


1228


Phillips, E. C 383


Cheney. A. B.


.131d


Pickett, Wm. B 1248


Clark, Erastus


Prindle, C. W., M. D. 311


1355


Cook, Marietta


1377


Rhodes, Hiram


1345


Cook Orson.


1376


Robinson, Rix


114


Cordes, W. 581


Sellers. L. M.


437


Coster, R. L.


1972


Skidmore, D. M.


600


Dunhum, Wm


893


Smiley. M. J


875


Durfee. Allen


402


Stone, H. G.


965


Everett, Franklin


999


FeakIns. Edward


1288


Swarts, Edward


1257


Svines, Jobc.


126S


Ford, C. S., M. D


1237


Tabor, Marcins.


1181


Fralick. Henry


456


Taylor, Hollis R


1836


Hake. Wm .. 1002


Towner, Cerelia L.


618


Herrington. V 1128


Towner, S. S.


619


Heath. L. W 347


Van Buren. O.


856


Hills, Perry 1115


Wenham. John C.


984


Hilton, David W


1092


White, Geo. H.


203


Hilton, Robert .. 258


Whitfield, I. J., M. D


473


Hoag, A. R .. 275


Winegar. Isaac.


637


Hozadone, Edwin D 1019


Withey. Hon. S. L 167


Hogadone, J. B


504


Wood, Clinton A 710


Holden, Hon. E. G. D.


Zinser, John M


1164


Hollister, Harvey J


1037


Agricultural Implements 922


Saultury Association.


Cracker Factorles 927


908


Mills, Flour and Plaster.


928


Wood Carvers


908


.09


Miscellaneous 435


Valley Clty Choral Society


Biographical Sketches


518


Nelson and Solon. 1232


Cascade


719


Tyrone


Tecumseh 55


Hieroglyphicsof the Mound-Builders ...


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HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.


Michigan! If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look around you, in Michigan. Every visitor at St. Paul's church, London, is over. awed with the magnificence of that structure, the work of Sir Chris- topher Wren. He wants to know where the remains of Wren are now; in the crypt of the church they lie, where the following is engraved upon the headstone: Si monumentum requiris, circum- spice,-If you seek a monument [of Wren], look around [and behold the work of his brain in this mighty building]. The State of Mich- igan has appropriately adopted for her motto this expression, with a slight alteration, thus: Si quæris peninsulam amænam, cir- cumspice,-If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look around you. And indeed Michigan may as justly feel proud of its resources as Great Britain, of St. Paul's church,-yea, and infinitely more. What with her substantial foundation in agriculture throughout the southern counties, in horticulture throughout the lower peninsula, and especially the fruit belt along her western boundary, in piner- ies in the central portion of the State, and with her crown of iron and copper in the upper peninsula, tipped with silver, she stands the real queen of the utilitarian world.


It is a pleasure to write the history of such a State. Contrast this pleasant task with writing and studying the histories of States and empires which we have been taught to ponder and revere from our youth up, histories of European countries cobwebbed with intrigue, blackened with iniquity and saturated with blood. What a standing, practical reproof Michigan is to all Europe! and what a happy future she has before her, even as compared with all her sister States!


Now let's to our chosen task, and say first a few words concern- ing the prehistoric races, observing, by the way, that the name " Michigan " is said to be derived from the Indian Mitchi-sawg- yegan, a great lake.


MOUND-BUILDERS.


The numerous and well-authenticated accounts of antiquities found in various parts of our country clearly demonstrate that a people civilized, and even highly cultivated, occupied the broad sur- face of our continent before its possession by the present Indians;


2


18


HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.


but the date of their rule of the Western World is so remote that all traces of their history, their progress and decay, lie buried in deepest obscurity. Nature, at the time the first Europeans came, had asserted her original dominion over the earth; the forests were all in their full luxuriance, the growth of many centuries; and naught existed to point out who and what they were who formerly lived, and loved, and labored, and died, on the continent of America. This pre-historic race is known as the Mound-Builders, from the numerous large mounds of earth-works left by them. The remains of the works of this people form the most interesting class of antiquities discovered in the United States. Their character can be but partially gleaned from the internal evidences and the peculiarities of the only remains left, -the mounds. They consist of remains of what were apparently villages, altars, temples, idols, cemeteries, monuments, camps, fortifications, pleasure grounds, etc., etc. Their habitations must have been tents, structures of wood, or other perishable material; otherwise their remains would be


. numerous. If the Mound-Builders were not the ancestors of the Indians, who were they? The oblivion which has closed over them is so complete that only conjecture can be given in answer to the question. Those who do not believe in the common parentage of mankind contend that they were an indigenous race of the West- ern hemisphere; others, with more plausibility, think they came from the East, and imagine they can see coincidences in the religion of the Hindoos and Southern Tartars and the supposed theology of the Mound-Builders. They were, no doubt, idolators, and it has been conjectured that the sun was the object of their adoration. The mounds were generally built in a situation affording a view of the rising sun; when enclosed in walls their gateways were toward the east; the caves in which their dead were occasionally buried always opened in the same direction; whenever a mound was partially enclosed by a semi-circular pavement, it was on the east side; when bodies were buried in graves, as was frequently the case, they were laid in a direction east and west; and, finally, medals have been found representing the sun and his rays of light.




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