History of Kent County, Michigan, together with sketches of its cities, villages and townships, educational, religious, civil, military, and political history, portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of representative citizens, Part 84

Author: Leeson, M. A. (Michael A.); Chapman, Charles C., & Co. (Chicago)
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Chicago : C.C. Chapman & Co.
Number of Pages: 1434

USA > Michigan > Kent County > History of Kent County, Michigan, together with sketches of its cities, villages and townships, educational, religious, civil, military, and political history, portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of representative citizens > Part 84

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When the old stone building had been in use about 15 years, it became somewhat dilapidated, and was found insufficient, both in size and convenience, to meet the educational wants of the increased population, the public began to discuss the question of the erection. of a new building suited to the times. This discussion took a practi- cal form at the annual meetings of 1861-'63 ; but no decisive action was taken until September, 1863, when a meeting of the freehold- ers of the district resolved: " First, That we need and will build a new Union school-house ; second, that P. R. L. Pierce, W. H. Withey and T. D. Gilbert be a committee to confer with the trus- tees, and in conjunction with them, procure a plan and superintend the construction of such school-house; third, that $3,000 be raised this year, and $15,000 be borrowed for use in building such house, and that it be located on the present school lot." Some delay in obtaining the money voted to be borrowed, prevented the immedi- ate commencement of the work. However, through the kind offices of R. E. Wood, the money was at length obtained, on long time, at 7 per cent. interest, payable in such easy installments as to. make the debt little burdensome to the district.

In the meantime the great advance in the price of labor and building material incident to the war, and the extraordinary issues. of paper money, rendered it impossible for the Board to erect such a building as was needed, with the sum of $25,000, to which the vote limited the expense. Under these circumstances the board was. compelled to wait for better times, or until the necessities of the schools should compel the erection of such buildings as might be needed without regard to cost. The funds borrowed and raised. were invested in Government securities, which were sold from time to time, as they would pay a profit, and the avails re-invested, thus not only saving any outlay, but also realizing for the building fund a profit of nearly $1,500. In the meantime the demand for increased and superior school accommodations became so great,

849

GRAND RAPIDS CITY.

especially for the smaller children, that the district, in the fall of 1865, instructed the School Board to erect a substantial brick build- ing on the lot occupied by the Primary School, No. 1; bnt, although nearly 200 additional sittings were provided, very little relief from the crowded condition of the schools was experienced. It having become apparent that there was no immediate prospect of such a reduction in the expense of building as to materially affect the cost, the district, at the annual meeting in September, 1866, instructed the board to proceed at once to erect the building, on the plan proposed, without regard to cost. Bids were received and rejected as too high, until finally a contract was made with L. C. Davidson and F. B. Gilbert, for the sum of $40,000, the building to be com- pleted April 1, 1868. Mr. Pratt, of Northampton, Mass., was empivyed as architect, who adhered to the suggestions of T. D. Gil- bert. The corner-stone of the building was laid, April 29, 1867. ·

The principal teachers since the organization of the Union School is thus given : Mr. Johnson was the first principal ; he acted in that capacity, and also as teacher of the High School, from the time of the completion of the building in November, 1849, through one quarter. James Ballard succeeded him, commencing his labors in February, 1850, and continuing three years. Edward Chesebro took charge of the school at the commencement of the spring term, 1853, and remained four years. During the latter part of his term, the great increase of his duties compelled him to resign the special care of the high school and devote himself entirely to the work of general superintendence. Edward Danforth assumed the duties of principal and superintendent in September, 1857, and continued to hold that position during the four succeeding years. Edwin A. Strong held the position of superintendent from the commence- ment of the fall term of 1861 to 1870, when Prof. A. J. Daniels was appointed. The Professor is the present incumbent of that position.

The members of the Board of 1866-'7 were John Ball, Moderator; T. D. Gilbert, Director ; W. D. Foster, Jas. H. McKee, A. L. Chubb and Dr. A. Platt, Trustees.

In April, 1871, three school districts were united and placed under the management of the Board of Education, consisting of two members from each ward, and the Mayor.

SCHOOL STATISTICS.

Presidents of the School Board.

No. of Children|No. Children of No. of Teachers

Enrolled.

School age.

Employed.

1871-2, A. L. Chubb

3,805

5,229

1872-3,

4,398

5,908

1873-4, Henry Fralick.

4,819

7,965

1874-5,

4,854

8,400

1875-6, William P. Innes

5,064

8,900

1876-7,

5,040

9,129

1877-8, L. W. Walcott

5,039

9,301

1878-9, A. D. Plumb.

5,109

9,559

1879-80,L. J. Lewis ...

5,390

9,874

101

1880-1, "

5,853

10,635

107

850

HISTORY OF KENT COUNTY.

According to the census of 1880 the city contained a population of 32,037. The school census includes all persons over five years old and under 20, and in 1881 this number aggregated 10,635, of whom 1,024 were under six years of age, 7,647 between six and 16, and 1,964 between 16 and 20. There were enrolled in the public schools 211 pupils under six years of age, 5,285 between six and 16, and 357 over 16 years old, making a total of 5,853. It is estimated that 1,080 pupils attended other schools in the city; so it will be seen that the percentage of pupils attending schools in this city is quite large.

There were 200 school days in the past year, and school was taught 194 days. In the 17 different schools 40 pupils attended every day, 1,043 over 180 days, 1,063 over 160 days, 710 over 140 days, 512 over 120 days, 374 over 100 days, 403 over 80 days, 300 over 60 days, 485 over 40 days, 458 over 20 days, and 375 less than · 20 days. The average daily attendance was 2,034 in the primary department, 1,315 in the grammar department, and 300 in the high-school, or an average of 3,648. This was an increase over the preceding year of 185, or 97, 30 and 58 in the respective de- partments just named. The increase in number of pupils enrolled last year over preceding year- the total being 5,853-was 463, of which 338, 44 and 81 were in the departments named respectively. The average number belonging to the schools was 3,956, an in- crease of 194 over the preceding year, or 79, 59 and 56 in the three departments named.

The school employs 107 regular teachers, 10 men, 95 women and two special teachers. Besides the specials there are 58 teachers in the primaries, 59 in the grammar department and eight in the high school. So there are an average of 40 pupils to each teacher in the primaries, 38 in the grammar, and 39 in the high school de- partments, based on the average number of pupils belonging. The cost of teachers and superintendent was $50,413.60, of which $2,000 was for superintendent and $2,000 for special teachers. During the year the permanent betterments cost $11,889.07, inci- denta's cost $13,053.27, and bonds and interest cost $10,226.20. The cost of education per capita in the primaries for teachers was $10.57 for the year, $11.56 in the grammar, and $20.70 in the high-school department; an average of $12 74 per pupil. The inci- dentals cost $3.40 per capita, making the total average cost per pupil $16.14.

The average age of the pupils promoted from the primary de- partment is 10 years, from the grammar is 14 years, and gradu- ated is 18 years. The schools contain 202 pupils under six years of age, 485 under seven, 621 under eight, 597 under nine, 642 un- der 10, 549 under 11, 613 under 12, 536 under 13, 471 under 14, 374 under 15, 196 under 16, and 497 that are 16 or over.

The statistics conclude with a table showing that of the 5,853 pupils enrolled, 3,022 are girls and 2,831 are boys. These are dis- tributed as follows : Girls-in the primary 1,857, in the grammar

851

GRAND RAPIDS CITY.

901, and in the high school 264; boys-in the primary 1,808, in the grammar 877, and in the high school 146.

At the close of the school year of 1880 there was in the treasury the sum of $16,376.20 applicable to the current expenses, while at the close of 1881 there were $15,907.75, showing that the expenses have been kept nearly within the current income of the year as provided for in the year's estimates. The amount received from the Treasurer for interest on moneys of the district in his hands was $572.01, and the amount paid for money loaned before the school money was received, $158.53-showing $413.48 received as interest. The district received by tax for school purposes in 1881 $62,500, and the amount thought needed by the Committee on Ways and Means was $66,390. This increase in the amount to be raised was partly due to higher salaries and in part to new teach- ers, which it was necessary to have. The bonded debt of the dis- trict is now $47,000, of which $7,000 falls due the coming school year. Permission has been granted to issue bonds to the amount of $12,000 for the purpose of erecting a new building and heating and ventilating the same. The total amount paid teachers includ- ing night schools was $50,413.60. The City Treasurer has paid into the treasury $1,841.32, and the County Treasurer has paid in $335.71, net avails of fines, etc., belonging to the Library funds.

The present Central or High-School building is located in the 2d ward, corner of Ransom, Lyon and Barclay streets. The building is of brick, three stories with basement, residence for janitor on. the premises. The structure is of the most substantial character, and furnished with all the modern improvements. There are 21 rooms used for school purposes, and seats for 729 pupils. The office of the superintendent and the museum of the Kent Scien- tific Institute occupy each one room in this building. The loca- tion is such as to command a view of almost the entire city. The house and furniture are in good repair. During the summer of 1880 the entire plan for the heating and ventilation of this building was changed by the substitution of steam for furnaces and stoves. The work was done by Sproul & McGurrin, at a cost of $3,765. Estimated value of property, $85,000 ; insured for $13,000. The lots were purchased of G. C. Nelson, Edward L. Stevens, John Ball and Junius H. Hatch, part in April, 1848, and part in April, 1849, at a total cost of $635.

The Union School building is located in the 7th ward, corner of Turner, Broadway and Third streets. Size of lot 228 feet on Tur- , ner, 250 feet on Third street, and 350 feet on Broadway. The ground was originally in nine lots. Seven were bought of E. H. Turner, Dec. 8, 1854, for $1,000 ; one was bought of the same party subsequently, and the ninth was purchased in 1873, of Eb- enezer Anderson, for $1.200. The building is of brick, 82x108 feet, with tower, slate roof, stone water-tablets, caps and sills ; three stories above high airy basement, both on Turner and Broadway ; contains 11 large and commodious rooms used for school purposes, with sittings for 550 pupils, with ample closets

852

HISTORY OF KENT COUNTY.

and hall ; is a strictly first-class building in all respects. It is heated by Hawley's tubular hot-air furnace, and ventilated upon the Ruttan principle, and is liberally supplied with water and gas throughout. Est, mated value of property, $65,000 ; insured for $5,000.

Primary No. 1 is located in the 4th ward, corner of Bridge, Division and Ionia streets. The lot has a front on Bridge street of 174 feet by 169 on Division and Ionia streets, and was purchased of Charles H. Carroll, Nov. 25, 1864, for $1,100. It is a two-story brick building, with a good basement, warmed by furnace and stoves ; has five school-rooms with suitable halls and closets, and sittings for 300 pupils. Estimated value of lot and building, $25,000 ; insured for $2.500.

Primary No. 2 is located in the 1st ward, corner Division, Bart- lett and Spring streets. Lot 165 feet on Division and Spring streets, and 286 feet on Bartlett street, and was purchased of the heirs of H. S. S. Ellsworth, June 27, 1861, for $500. The build- ing fronting on Division street is two stories high, the first brick, the second wood. It contains five school-rooms, with limited halls and closets, and has sittings for 225 pupils. The building fronting on Spring street is of wood, two stories above a brick basement; it contains four school-rooms with suitable halls and closets, with sittings for 200 pupils. The building is well ventilated and well arranged for the teachers and pupils, and of good appearance out- side the estimated value of lot and buildings is $20,000; Spring street building insured for $2,000.

Primary No. 3 is located in the 2d ward, on Fountain street, be- tween Prospect street and College avenue. The lot is 295 feet front on Fountain street, and 250 feet deep, and was purchased of D. W. & J. Coit, Sept. 20, 1867, for $800. The building is three stories, brick, with sandstone trimmings, and high basement, and in every way a first-class school building; is 60x80 feet in size, contains nine commodious school-rooms, with suitable halls, stairways, cloak and store rooms; its seating capacity is for 500 pupils. It is warmed by stoves, and ventilated by flues heated by grates, a part of which were put in in 1880. The estimated value of the property is $28,- 000; insured for $8,000.

Primary No. 4 is located in the 3d ward, corner of Wealthy ave- nue, Lafayette and Cass streets. The lot is 250 feet square, and was bought of Joseph Penny, under appraisal, Sept. 18, 1867. The building is brick, two stories with basement; it is warmed by stoves; contains six good school-rooms with suitable halls, stairways and closets; it will accommodate 350 pupils. It was erected in 1869. The estimated value of property is $28,000; insured for $2,000.

Primary No. 5 is located in the southwest part of the 1st ward, on Godfroy & White's plat, near Grandville avenue. Building of brick, erected in 1870, two stories with basement; it has two rooms furnished with seats for 120 pupils, and so designed as to be added to when more room shall be needed in that locality. The building

853

GRAND RAPIDS CITY.

is in good repair; there is no street to it from Grandville avenue; by continuing Prescott or Mary street westward the object will be attained. The lot is a good one, but will require grading and fenc- ing when the streets referred to are opened and grade lines estab- lished. It was purchased of Geo. H. White & Co., Oct. 1, 1870, for $2,000. Estimated value of the property, $16,000; insured for $2,000.

Primary No. 6 is located in the 6th ward, on Turner street, be- tween Eleventh and Leonard streets. The lot is 116 feet front on Turner street, by 141 feet deep, and was bought of Isaac Edison, Oct. 20, 1866. Building of wood, two stories, warmed by stoves. It has six school-rooms, with suitable halls and closets, and sittings for 260 pupils. Estimated value of the property, $7,000; insured for $2,000.

Primary No. 7 is located in the 5th ward, on Ionia street, be- tween Walbridge and Coldbrook streets. Lot, 200 feet square; and was bought of Robert Cutter, June 18, 1870, for $1,200; building of brick; front portion three stories, rear two, basement in addition. It has eight good-sized school-rooms, with ample closet and hall room; sittings for 370 pupils. The design of this school building and its external and internal arrangements are very good. Estimated value of the property, $26,000; insured for $3,000. The rear part of the building was erected in 1870, the front part in 1872.

Primary No. 8 is located in the 8th ward, corner of Jefferson, California and Gold streets. Lot, 132 feet on Jefferson and Gold streets, by 264 on California street, and was purchased of John Butler, Oct. 9, 1867. Building of brick, erected in 1870, three stories with basement, and so designed as to permit an addition on the south end when required; warmed by furnaces. It has six good school-rooms, with sittings for 300 pupils. Estimated value of the property, $15,000; insured for $3,000.

Primary No. 9 is located in the 3d ward, corner of Center and McDowell streets. Lot, 204 feet on Center street, and 200 feet on McDowell street. Building of brick, 32 x 74 feet, two stories above a good stone basement; is warmed by stoves; contains four good school-rooms, with sittings for 200 pupils; with suitable halls, stairways and closets. Estimated present value of the property, $10,000; insured for $3,000.

Primary No. 10 is located in the 7th. ward, corner of First and Pine streets. Lot, 200 feet on First street, and 187 feet on Pine street. Building of brick, 32 x 74 feet; two stories with high stone basement; is heated by stoves and well ventilated. This building was erected in 1879. At present only two rooms are occupied. Estimated value, $10,000; insured for $2,000.

Primary No. 11 is located in the 3d ward, on Henry and James streets, between Wealthy avenue and Sherman streets. Size of lot, 150 feet on Henry and James streets, by 270 feet deep. Build- ing of brick, 32 x 74 feet; two stories above a good stone basement; is heated by stoves, well ventilated, contains four good school-

854

HISTORY OF KENT COUNTY.

rooms, with sittings for 200 pupils. Estimated value of the prop- erty, $9,000; insured for $2,900.

Primary No. 12 is located in the 4th ward, on Coit avenue, Trowbridge and Fairbanks streets. Size of lot, 150 feet front on Coit avenue by 208 feet deep to alley. Building of brick, two stories above high stone basement, 32 x 74 in size, contains four school-rooms with sittings for 200 pupils. This building was erected in 1880. Price of lot, $2,500; contract price for building, $6,400.

The Coldbrook school-house is located in the 5th ward, corner of Leonard street and North avenue. Lot, 200 feet on Leonard street and 220 feet on North avenue, and was bought of C. W. Taylor March 1, 1860, for $300. Building, brick, two stories, old but in fair condition and repair; there are two school-rooms, with sittings for 130 pupils. Estimated value of property, $7,000; in- sured for $2,000.

Five-acre school lot is located in the 6th ward, on Leonard street, on the highest ground on the street. A good share of the lot is covered with a fine growth of maple trees, and will, when used, be one of the most desirable and pleasant school-house sites in the city.

TEACHERS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS FOR 1881.

Central High School.

E. A. Strong, Principal.

Miss A. M. Clark,

Miss Ella Dean,

Mr. G. A. Greeson (Latin and Greek),

Mr. E. A. Eggers ( German ),

Mr. Joseph La Pierre ( French ),

Miss D. Davis,

I. N. Mitchell,

Miss C. McArthur,

Miss C. L. Dickenson,

Miss E. J. Cole,

I. M. Lean,

Miss H. T. Wyman,

Mrs. Geo. D. Herrick,

Miss L. Chesebro,

Miss I. Godwin.

Union.

Mr. S. G. Milner, Principal.

Miss T. E. Cushman,

Miss Jennie Rosa,

Miss M. K. Haskell,

Miss H. A. Lathrop,

Miss A. A. Parker,

Mrs. Hamilton,

Miss M. E. Lynch,

Miss C. C. Green,

Miss E. Mc Donald.

Primary No. 1.

Miss E. Dwight, Principal. Miss M. Dubridge, Miss L A. Pierce,

Miss E. L. Walker,

Miss Ada Kline, Miss Jennie Mc Whorter.

Primary No. 2.

Miss A. Jones, Principal.

Miss Mary Blake,

Miss C. Hotchkiss.

Miss Ella Morrison,

Miss O. C. Blake.

Primary No. 3.

Miss A. Lovell, Principal.

Mrs. Belle Vanderfield,

Miss A. McIntyre,

Miss J. A. Wyckoff,

Miss Hattie Bailey,

Miss E. T. Baker,

Miss C. E. Burch,

Miss L. J .Kromer,

Miss K. A. Reed,

Miss Clara Ransom.

Primary No. 4.

Miss Maria Perry, Principal.

Miss M. H. Jennings,

Miss I A. Davenport,

Miss Jennie Loomis,

Miss J. M. Ledward,

Miss Sarah Reed,

Miss E. A. Creswell. Primary No. 5.

Miss E. Field, Principal.

Miss Carrie Jewett, Miss A. Field, Miss Bertha Stowell.

OlanBuren

857

GRAND RAPIDS CITY.

Primary No. 6.

Miss Smith, Principal. Miss C. Oliver, Miss G Berry, Miss Libbie Stoddard,

Miss Julia Moriarty,

Miss C. A. Dean.

Primary No. 7.

Miss Margaret Scott, Principal.

Mrs. M. R. Roche,

Miss M. A. Blackmar,

Miss Nellie Post,

Miss H. A. Hyde,

Miss M. A. Stowell,

Miss Emma Palmer,

Miss Lizzie Walsh,

Miss Mary Doyle.

Primary No. 8.

T. E. Payne, Principal.

Miss T. E. Hibbard,

Miss Flora Cromwell,

Miss Agnes Van Buren,

Miss L. S. Knapp,

Miss Maggie Strahan,

Miss M. A. Courtney.

Primary No. 9.

Miss B. M. Tower, Principal.

Miss A. E. Henshaw,

Miss Jennie Scranton,

Miss Jennie Miller,

Miss N. Campbell, Miss M. Pollard.

Primary No. 10.

Miss Carrie Plank, Principal.

Miss Viola King,

Miss Belle McIntyre,

Miss Henrietta Liesveld.

Primary No. 11.

Miss Ella Perry, Principal. Miss L. R. Hanchett, Miss Jennie Dickey.

Primary No. 12.

Miss D. Perkins, Principal. Miss C. E. Kromer,

Miss C. Banks.

Spring Street.

Miss Helen Saners, Principal.

Miss A. J. Cummings,

Mrs. Addie Beach,.

Miss. J. F. Coffinberry,

Miss Cora Gardenier.

Coldbrook.

Miss Lucy Stoddard, Principal ..

M iss Estella Sprayve, Miss Francis Strong,

Mr. M. C. Sessions, teacher of Pen- manship.

Mr. G. C. Shepard teacher of Vocal music. Miss C. E. Abbott, teacher of Drawing-

CITY EXPENSES FOR 1881-'2.

The Committee on Ways and Means reported the estimated an - nual budget to be raised by taxation for the year 1881-'2 as fol- lows for school purposes in this city:

Teachers' salaries. $38,500

Fuel .. 4,000

Bonds and interest ..

10,500

Insurance

300

Contingent fund.

3,000

Library expenses 2,500

Grading and sewers.

800

School grounds.

1,000

Secretary's salary.

300

Interest on T. D. Gilbert fund ... 140

Janitors' salaries.

4,500

Printing and advertising.

150

Total. $66,390

School furniture.

700

The Gilbert fund referred to in these figures was a donation of $2,000 made by T. D. Gilbert to the schools in 1860, the annual interest to be used for the purchase of mechanical instruments. necessary in scientific study.

858

HISTORY OF KENT COUNTY.

CITY LIBRARY.

The annual report of City Librarian Mrs. A. Putnam, for the year ending Oct. 1, 1880, shows the condition of the public li- brary :

No. of vols. in library, including pub. docs. . 10,402

Literature 1,365

Poetry

1,057

Books worn out during year. 104

History 1,890

Books lost during year. 10

Biography 1,646

Circulated during year 62.552

Travels . .. 2,364

Average monthly circulation. 5,212

Polygraphy 1,562

Average weekly circulation. 1,303

Fiction. . 35,364

Present circulation .. 1,700

Juvenile 13,687

Cards issued during year. 991

Classes of Books Drawn.

Theology. 453

Collected from fines and cata-

Philosophy

140

logues.

$134 50

Sociology 453

Philology 140

Natural Science

767

Useful Arts.

641

Balance paid Treasurer

$48 70

Fine Arts.

794

The library is the pride of the citizens. There were added 1,590 volumes during the year 1881, making a total now in the library of 11,952 volumes; from this number 366 volumes were discarded. To these any citizen has free access. Much of its prosperity and usefulness is justly attributed to the library committee, as well as to the librarian and her assistants.

THE BAPTIST CHURCH.

The history of the Baptist Church of Grand Rapids is singularly connected with that of the American settlement of this valley. In an inquiry into the history of this society, the sketch prepared by Rev. S. Graves, D.D., has been selected. He says :---

As early as 1822 a mission was located here among the Ot- tawa tribe of Indians, which bore the name of the "Thomas Sta- tion," in honor of one of the early English Baptist missionaries to India. Little, however, was done in the way of missionary work until 1826, when Rev. Mr. McCoy came here and organized a school of 25 pupils. Soon after this, Rev. Leonard Slater, a laborious, devoted and patient Christian worker, took charge of the mission. In 1832 a Church was formed among the Indians. The school and church were located on the west bank of the Grand river, a few rods south of Bridge street. The Church numbered 25 or 30. Among these was the chief of the tribe, Noon-Day by name, a man of sound judgment and great force of character, an earnest and most exemplary Christian after his conversion. Judge Davis has left the following interesting memorandum of things as they were at this time:

62,552

Expended from same (see

monthly report). 85 80

859

GRAND RAPIDS CITY.

"The Baptist station consisted of two or three block-houses, a school-house near what is now Bridge street. At the foot of the rapids were 12 or 15 Indian board houses, a good-sized meeting- house. The Indians connected with the mission owned a saw-mill at the head of the rapids. The Church contained 25 members. The head chief of the tribe, Noon-Day, was an eminent Christian, who delighted in religious exercises, speaking with great force, concluding, often, by saying he was weak and ignorant, knew but little, therefore he should say no more."

In 1836 the mission and Indians were removed to Gull Prairie. The next year after their removal, 1837, the first Baptist Church was organized in Grand Rapids, composed of immigrants to the Territory. It was gathered by the efforts of Rev. S. D. Wooster, and contained seven members. Their names should be preserved: Dea. Henry Stone, Thomas Davis, Ezekiel W. Davis, Abram Randall and wife, Zelotes Bemis and Mr. Streeter, all of whom have passed away. Mr. Wooster remained with the Church but a short time, and for the next four or five years they were without a pastor. Several of the members moved away, and the Church virtually became extinct.

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History of Kent County, Michigan, together with sketches of its cities, villages and townships, educational, religious, civil, military, and political history, portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of representative citizens, Part 84

Author: Leeson, M. A. (Michael A.); Chapman, Charles C., & Co. (Chicago) Publication date: 1881 Publisher: Chicago : C.C. Chapman & Co. Number of Pages: 1434

Author: Leeson, M. A. (Michael A.); Chapman, Charles C., & Co. (Chicago)
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Chicago : C.C. Chapman & Co.
Number of Pages: 1434