History of Kent County, Michigan, together with sketches of its cities, villages and townships, educational, religious, civil, military, and political history, portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of representative citizens, Part 112

Author: Leeson, M. A. (Michael A.); Chapman, Charles C., & Co. (Chicago)
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Chicago : C.C. Chapman & Co.
Number of Pages: 1434


USA > Michigan > Kent County > History of Kent County, Michigan, together with sketches of its cities, villages and townships, educational, religious, civil, military, and political history, portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of representative citizens > Part 112


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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HISTORY OF KENT COUNTY.


sonal effects, including a valuable library, surgical instruments, account books, etc. There is not now a building standing on Canal street that was here in 1858; most of the territory now com- prised in the city corporation was then swamp or timber land. He is now the owner of 2,000 acres of timber land, two farms, six large tenement houses in the city and 40 city lots. He has one brother residing in the city. He was married Ang. 22, 1853, to Mary E. Wodell, only daughter of William and Sarah Wodell, of Ellisburg, N. Y. His wife died June 12, 1878, leaving an adopted daughter, Anna Saunders, now about 17 years of age. Since the death of his beloved wife Mr. Saunders' health has been poor, until this fall it has very much improved, and he is now engaged in lumbering.


James F. Sargeant, one of the early pioneers of this county, was born in Boston, Mass., March 5, 1829. He came to this city in 1836, and worked on the river and in other capacities till 1873, when he engaged in the ice business and sprinkling the streets, with his brother Thomas, at which he was engaged till the date of his death, which occurred July 8, 1876. He was married May 24, 1858, to Betsy Adams. daughter of Simeon and Catherine Adams, born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., Sept. 29, 1833. They have five chil- dren-Clara, Lucius, Freddy, Nehemiah and Pearl, born as follows: May 5, 1859; April 5, 1861; Sept. 2, 1866; Aug. 8, 1868; Ang. 3, 1870. Mr. S. was a member of the old Settlers' Association. In 1868 he bought two lots on Cherry st., on which he built a nice residence, No. 10 Cherry st .; also has one lot on Canal st., with large ice-house.


Thomas S. Sargeant, son of Thomas and Eliza Sargeant, was born in Malden, Mass., in 1831. In 1836 his parents came to this city. His first labor was teaming, and he then engaged in the liquor business on the river steamers. He was Captain of the " Forest Queen " on the Grand river, and afterward was engaged 15 years in different capacities on the " Algoma," "Empire," " Olive Branch," and "Daniel Ball." In 1862 he embarked in the ice business, which he continued until May 17, 1881. In 1852 he bonght a city plat, 150x60 feet, with two houses, sold a half inter- est to his brother, and afterward the other half. In 1870 he bought two lots corner of Summit and Cherry sts., fronting re- spectively on each 141 and 110 feet, where he built a handsome tenant residence, costing $3,500; also erected a dwelling for him- self on the same property, at an expense of $1,050. He was in the Home Guard service five years during the late war; served as Ser- geant under Col. B. Pierce: is a member of the Old Settlers' Asso- ciation. He was married in Milwaukee, Wis., July S, 1853, to Mary A,, daughter of Dennis and Catherine (Carril) Tolbot, born in Queens Co .. Ireland, in 1833. They have seven children- Charles F., Franklin S., William D., Mattie J., Mary E., Arthur D., and Herbert J. Mrs. Sargeant's parents came to this city


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GRAND RAPIDS CITY.


about two years after Mr. S. came, and were among the early pioneers of the county.


Hugo Schneider, of the firm of Schneider & Rosenfeld, No. 21 Monroe st., and son of Philip J. and Christina Schneider, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1832. In 1854 he came to this country, and settled in Covington, Ind., and engaged in farming 13 months. In 1855 he came to this city, and engaged as clerk for Hake & Vogt, grocers, three years. He was then engaged five years as clerk in Edward Mohl's cigar and tobacco store, on Canal st. He then went to Muskegon in 1863, and opened business on his own account, and remained two years, and again returned to Grand Rapids and engaged in partnership with Mr. Edward Mohl. They remained together till the death of the latter caused a disso- lution; himself and Mr. Rosenfeld bought the deceased's interest of his widow and the firm name changed to Schneider & Rosenfeld. They were burned out twice, once before the death of Mr. Mohl, at No. 39 Pearl st., and again one week after his death; total loss above insurance $4,000. They now have the leading houses in the city in the manufacture of cigars. They keep a full line of im- ported and domestic cigars, manufactured tobaccos, and smokers' articles. They carry a stock of about $20,000, and do an annual business of $70,000 to $80,000. Mr. Schneider was married in Muskegon, in 1864, to Barbara Kastler, born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1837. They have four children, born as follows: Hugo, Emily, Louisa, and Frederick. Mr. S. owns a fine resi- dence, No. 216 N. Division st., and is a member of the Masonic fraternity.


Charles Schmidt & Bro., proprietors marble yard, 93 Canal st. The senior member of the firm, Charles, was born at Karlsruhe, Baden, Germany, Nov. 21, 1850. When five years of age, he accompanied his parents to Grand Rapids, Mich., where the father was employed as a cabinet-maker. When 13 years of age Mr. Schmidt commenced to learn the marble-cutter's trade, and seven years later established a marble yard on West Bridge st., and three years later formed a partnership with Anton Hirth in the stone business. The firm remained there in business until 1874, when the stock was removed to the Eighth ward. In 1878 Mr. Schmidt removed to 77 Canal st.,subsequently to No. 89, and in October,1880, the firm purchased their present property. Mr. Schmidt was married in 1875, to Sophia Cordes, a native of Alpine tp., whose parents settled in Kent county at an early date. Of the three children given them, two survive-Theodore and Freddie C. An infant named Willie is deceased. Mr. Schmidt is a member of St. Joseph's Mutual Aid Society, St. Mary's Catholic Church, and the Families' Pro- tective Society of the Roman Catholic Church of Michigan, as is . also his brother Gustave. The junior member was born Aug. 19, 1852, and learned his trade with his brother. He was married in 1876, to Catherine Homrich, a native of Byron tp. They have two children-Annie and Caroline. Mary is deceased. The firm of C.


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HISTORY OF KENT COUNTY.


Schmidt & Bro. do all kinds of marble and cemetery work, and deal in Italian and American marbles and granites. They employ seven men in the business, and the amount of work turned out will amount to $12,000 annnally. They undoubtedly have the largest trade in Kent county, and have established an excellent reputation for good work and fair prices.


Peter Schnit, jr., dealer in groceries and provisions, flour and feed, crockery, glassware, etc., 537 Ottawa st, son of Peter and Cathe- rine (Kaster) Schnit, was born in Amsterdam in 1850. He came to Grand Rapids in 1871, and engaged as clerk for Brummeler & Brink at No. 126 Monroe st., where he remained 18 months. He retailed kerosene from a wagon for two years and then clerked four and a half years for M. D Hamblin, grocer on Plainfield ave. He then engaged with J. Leeuw one year, andcommenced business on his own account at 537 Ottawa st. His stock is worth about $2,000, and his annual sales amount to about $18,000. He was married at Grand Rapids in 1875 to Mary De Jonge, born at Buffalo, N. Y., in 1851. They have three children-Henry, Joanna and Carl. He is a member of the Holland Mutual Aid Society.


Perry Schurtz, M. D., was born in Constantine, St. Joseph Co., Apr. 19, 1855; is son of James and Sarah (Kreeps) Schurtz, still living at Constantine. At 13 Dr. Schurtz was sent to Kala- mazoo College, where he studied five years, and at 18 entered the Medical Department of the University at Ann Arbor. He took his degree in 1876 and at once established himself permanently as a practitioner at Grand Rapids, where he is steadily and firmly ac- quiring an extensive and popular business; is a member of the State, Western, and Grand Rapids Medical societies. He was mar- ried Feb. 26, 1878, to Bella Brewer, a native of Kalamazoo. Office, 110 Monroe st.


William R. Shelby, Vice-President and Treasurer of Grand Rapids and Indiana R. R. Co., was born Dec. 4, 1842, in Lincoln Co., Kentucky, and reared on the family estate, part of a tract of land pre-empted by his great-grandfather, Gov. Isaac Shelby, about 1782. His parents, John W. and Mary H. (Knight) Shelby, were also natives of Kentucky. His father died at Pewee Valley. Ky., February, 1881, aged 67 years. His mother, a daughter of Dr. J. W. Knight, an eminent physician of 50 years' practice in Louis- ville, Ky., is still living. In early life Mr. Shelby attended a private school in the neighborhood of his home; in 1858 he entered the preparatory school of "Centre College," Danville, Ky., riding on horseback daily from his father's home to Danville, a distance of six miles; this continued during his three years' connection with that institution, and until the breaking out of the civil war in 1861; when the complications became too serious for the pursuit of private studies, he, with many of the students, left college to become soldiers, either in the United States or Rebel armies. The peculiar position of neutrality assumed by Kentucky at the com- mencement of the war, prevented the occupation for some time of


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GRAND RAPIDS CITY.


her soil by either army; but, in the meantime, preparations were actively carried on in the way of enrolling and recruiting men for both armies. At the age of 19, Mr. Shelby was appointed enroll- ing officer for the United States for Lincoln Co., Ky., and after the completion of this service, engaged in recruiting men for the United States army. In 1863 he engaged in business on the Mis- sissippi river, at Island No. 37, a short distance above Memphis; with the permission of the commanding officer of the United States army at Memphis, was allowed to ship supplies to that point for a large number of men employed in cutting wood for boats. In 1866-'7 he entered the employ of the Adams Express Co. at Louis- ville, Ky., remaining in that business until 1869, when he went to Pittsburg, Pa., as Secretary and Treasurer of the Continental Improvement Company, a construction company chartered by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, with the view of building the Grand Rapids & Indiana R. R. Co., in Michigan and Indiana. In August, 1871, he was elected Secretary and Treasurer of the G. R. & I. R. R. Co., and in the following month, September, 1871, the general office of the Continental Improvement Company was removed from Pittsburg, Pa., to Grand Rapids, Mich., and Mr. Shelby was placed in charge. Two years later, the Continental Improvement Company completed the G. R. & I. R. R., and withdrew from its management, but he continued to act as one of its officials until March, 1877, when he resigned, having been elected to his present position at this writing. Owing to the illness of its President, who is absent in Europe, Mr. Shelby has entire charge and man- agement of the G. R. & I. R. R. and leased lines of railroad. Since 1875-'6 Mr. Shelby has been extensively engaged in raising wheat in Dakota Territory, directing the farming operations and finances of the "Cass Farm," part of what is known as the celebrated " Dalrymple Farm," in Cass Co., Dakota, on the line of the North- ern Pacific R. R. He has also had charge and management of draining and reclaiming some 20,000 acres of swamp land, in which he is interested, on the Kankakee river, in Indiana and Illinois. Mr. Shelby was married June 16, 1869, at Sewickley, Pa. (a suburb of Pittsburg), to Mary K., daughter of Gen. Geo. W. Cass, now of New York. They have a family of four sons and one daughter. Mr. Shelby's residence is on Fountain st., a beau- tiful structure, built in 1873, at a cost of $13,000. He has another dwelling in process of erection, on Lafayette st., much larger and more expensive than his present residence.


Charles Shepard, M.D .- When the pioneer history of a section of country is being made few distinctions appear among individu- als; the pressure of necessity places all on the same plane. When the pioneer history is written, the adjustments of time have fitted most men to their niches and left a few figures on the field of ob- servation, standing out in relief from the common mass. This similitude applies to Dr. Shepard. He was born July 18, 1812, at Fairfield, Herkimer Co., N. Y .; is son of Silas and Anna


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HISTORY OF KENT COUNTY.


(White) Shepard. The former died in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y .; the latter in Portage Co., Ohio. His father was a carpenter, and Dr.


Shepard spent his early youth in school and in the shop. At 18 he began to read for his profession with Dr. H. W. Doolittle, of Herkimer Co., N. Y., and graduated in March, 1835, at the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons of the Western District of New York, situated at Fairfield. He practiced six months in Jefferson Co., N. Y ., and came to Grand Rapids, Oct. 20, 1835. He was the third established resident physician in Grand River Valley, and is the oldest practitioner in the city. On his way to Grand Rapids he found his first patients, 150 Indians, at Thornapple (now Ada), and vac- cinated the whole number. Dr. Shepard's pioneer practice was of the type of all vocations of early settlers; labor and privation char- acterized everything; his professional work was rendered doubly severe by combining surgery with medical practice, he being the only surgeon within a radius of nearly 100 miles. In these days it was not always possible to separate the physician's duty from the call of humanity, and Dr. Shepard never made the attempt; he always responded as a man to the demands of the case, inde- pendently of his professional interest, and such was the rule rather than the exception. An instance is related. While attending a patient 12 miles from home, he was informed of a case that needed attention some distance further on. He set out and found a hovel, such a structure as might have been prepared by a hunting party in an emergency. A shanty built of logs and branches, with a sloping roof. There was no furniture inside, only "shake down," short poles fastened to the side, and forming a rude bedstead for the poorest bed, whereon lay a sick woman with a three weeks' old babe. Her husband was absent, and the nearest neighbors two miles away. Dr. Shepard prepared her medicine and gave lier di- rections about her food, advising nourishing, wholesome suste-


nance. She told him her only resources were potatoes and salt. This was too much for the man filled with compassion for her pitiful condition, and, instead of asking for his fee as a physician, he gave her money to supply her necessities. This was but one of numberless instances. His surgical practice involved long rides on horseback, no other method of travel being possible through a territory all but trackless. In some instances he rode 50 miles to visit a single patient. Once he rode to Muskegon to perform capital operations on patients injured by shipwreck. Muskegon then comprised one saw-mill and a boarding-house. In Dr. Shep- ard's pioneer practice he was ruled by one undeviating principle: if called, he went; no question of compensation in those days was allowed to be a factor in the case. The demand meant necessity; nobody had time or opportunity to nurse fanciful disorders. When done with a case he went home to sleep, no matter what the hour; and it came to be understood that absence from home invariably meant professional business. In surgery he has performed nearly every species of capital operation, including that of ovariotomy, of


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GRAND RAPIDS CITY.


which he has had 12 obstinate cases, eight proving absolute suc- cesses, the largest per cent. cured by any practitioner in the State. In obstetrics his business has been, so to speak, unlimited, includ- ing upward of 5,000 cases. Dr. Shepard is President of the Grand Rapids Medical Society, and belongs to the State Medical Associa- tion. Until 1858 he was a Democrat, but has since acted with the Republicans; has been connected with the municipal affairs of Grand Rapids; has served as Alderman several years, and one term as Mayor. He was a member of the International Medical Congress at Philadelphia, in 1876, representing Michigan as a delegate from the State Medical Society. About 600 delegates from all parts of the world assembled in the convention. Dr. Shepard has relin- quished active general practice and devotes himself almost exclusively to office work and consultation. He was married in December, 1836, to Lucinda Putnam, who died in April, 1872. The issue of this marriage, two daughters and three sons, are also deceased. He was a second time married, Aug. 27, 1876, at Portland, Conn., to Dora, daughter of Edwin Sage; they have two children-Charles and Silas E.


Theo. C. Sherwood, Cashier of the Grand Rapids National Bank, was born at Geneva, Ontario Co., N. Y., Jan. 29, 1839. His father, William Sherwood, born in the city of York, England, emigrated to this country in 1827, and in company with Capt. Merrill and William Bailey, engaged in the wholesale mercantile business at Geneva. His health failing, he removed to a farm. In 1854 he removed with his family to Michigan and settled in Wayne county .


Mr. Sherwood, the subject of this sketch, attended school at Yp- silanti three years, and was engaged as teacher in Wavne county four years. In 1863 he entered the office of the M. C. R. R. Co., at Kalamazoo, as Cashier, having been sent there by the officers of the Company at Detroit, but resigned in 1864 to accept a position in the First National Bank of Battle Creek, Mich., which position he retained nearly five years, after which he engaged in the ยท wholesale and retail grocery business, in the firm of Leon & Sher- wood. This was a successful venture, but the banking business being more congenial to his taste, he sold out his interest in the busi- ness in 1872, to accept the position of Cashier, tendered by the directors of the newly organized First National Bank of Plymouth, Mich. March 1, 1880, he resigned and entered upon the duties of his present position. Mr. Sherwood was intimately connected with the public interests of Battle Creek and of Plymouth. He was Superintendent of the M. E. Sunday-school for 14 years, an efficient Trustee of the Church, President of the Lecture Associa- tion, Director of the Public School and identified with several social organizations. While in Wayne county he represented his district as delegate to the State Convention at Lansing, and also at several Congressional Conventions at Detroit.


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HISTORY OF KENT COUNTY.


He has never sought or solicited positions of trust; the positions have ever sought him. To do worthily and well whatever was entrusted to him, has been his unwavering purpose thus far in his business life. He was married in April, 1862, to Martha J. Mason, a native of Michigan.


E. J. Shinkman, son of Bernard F. and Mary (Herkner) Shink- man, was born May 25, 1846, at Reichenberg, Bohemia. In 1852 his father came to America and two years after was followed by his wife and son. They reached Grand Rapids Oct. 10, 1854. Mr. Shinkman attended school at the " Old Union School" on the west side of the river, five years, and the next year, when 15, he engaged in his first business, taking toll on Bridge street bridge, an occupation which resulted in an extended acquaintance with the pioneer ele- ment of that portion of the county. His father, in accordance with the general opinion of his countrypeople, that a boy should be trained to some occupation, placed him with Wm. Laraway to learn the trade of a marble-cutter and engraver, at which he worked three years. At 19 he engaged in teaching in this city, and a year after, he entered the law office of James Miller, where he spent a twelvemonth. In 1865 he embarked in the insurance business, being the only German similarly engaged at that time, and has fol- lowed it ever since. In 1869 he was elected Justice of the Peace, in which he continued 12 years, his last term expiring July, 1881. He has been acting Police Justice and Assistant Police Judge since 1871. He was admitted to the bar in 1874. Mr. Shinkman has become deservedly popular through his efforts to perform his duties well and thoroughly. He was married June 2, 1868, to Louise F. Noel, of Grand Rapids. She died Nov. 1, 1880, leaving two daughters and one son, residing with their father at 130 Winter street, west of the river. Mr. Shinkman has been connected with the School Board of Grand Rapids for the past seven years, two of which he has served as Secretary.


William A. Shinkman is a native of Reichenberg, Bohemia (Austria). He is son of Bernhard F. and Marie (Herkner) Shink- man. He was born Dec. 25, 1847, and came to America in 1854, with his mother and brother, E. J. Shinkman, the father having preceded his family two years. They located at Grand Rapids, and Mr. Shinkman was educated at the Union school, on the west side of the river. At 15 he learned the shoemaker's trade and worked at it five years. In '66 he went into an insurance office as clerk, opening an office on his own behalf in 1880, where he oper- ates also as real estate and loan broker. His place of business is at 22 Canal st .; he represents four solid companies-Glens Falls Co., ot Glens Falls, N. Y .; Firemans' Fund Co., of San Fran- cisco, Cal .; Union, of Philadelphia, and Rhode Island, of Provi- dence, R. I. Mr. Shinkman is a noted and popular chess-player; has won many laurels by his extraordinary playing, and has one of the best chess libraries in Michigan. He is also a proficient in music; has frequently appeared in public; is familiar with the best


.


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GRAND RAPIDS CITY.


orders of musical genius and has a remarkably fine collection of classical music.


James C. Simonds, proprietor Excelsior Machine Works, was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., Feb. 17, 1817. His parents were James and Hannah (Glass) Simonds. James C. was reared a " farmer's boy," and received but a limited education. When 21 years of age, he engaged as an apprentice at the millwright and machinist's trade, at Potsdam, N. Y., serving 18 months with Smith & Chandler, of that place, and was appointed foreman after being at work only 12 months. At the end of his apprenticeship, he started in business for himself, and remained at Potsdam until 1844. Believing, at that time, that a young man could do better farther West, he resolved to seek his home in Michigan, among the citizens of his native State. He arrived at Grand Rapids on October 25 of that year, and soon after obtained work at his trade. He pursued this until 1855, when he once more commenced business for himself. He purchased 59 feet, fronting on Waterloo street, 210 feet in depth, on which lie erected a substantial frame building 30x60 feet in size, and some time after added a blacksmith shop and boiler-room, 30x40 feet in size. Though business was rather quiet at first, yet the perseverance and energy of our subject soon attracted attention, and before long he established a steady paying business. Since that time, Mr. Simonds has devoted his entire time and attention to his business, and although the seasons have left their traces on frame and brow, yet he still oversees the business, and will undoubtedly do so until death. Mr. Simonds is a member of the first Mason's Lodge (Grand River, No. 34) ever organized in Kent county, and also connected with the Chap- ter. He was married in August, 1842, to Relief Leonard, of Parishville, N. Y. The five children born to this union are all de- ceased. Mr. Simonds suffered the loss of his estimable com- panion in April, 1855. He was again united in marriage in Vermont, May, 1856, to Eliza A. Leonard, a cousin of his deceased help-mate. Four children were given to bless this alliance, three of whom are living-Frank A., an engineer with the Sligh Fur- niture Co., J. C. and May C. (twins). Nellie is deceased. In De- cember, 1874, Mr. Simonds saw his second companion laid away in the silent tomb, to await the great Judgment Day. On June 29, 1876, he was united in the bonds of holy wedlock, to Mary L., daughter of the Rev. Jacob Leonard, a M. E. minister, now of Auburn, N. Y. This wife survived but a short time, and bid adieu to earthly scenes and enjoyments on June 8, 1877, leaving our subject thrice widowed. Mr. Simonds is nearly 64 years of age, but his step is as sprightly and his eyes almost as clear as in days of yore. His countenance is pleasant, his manner cheerful and obliging, and his integrity as unsullied as the falling snow. He resides in the home mansion on the corner of Island and Lagrave sts., adjoining St. Mark's Home.


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HISTORY OF KENT COUNTY.


HIon. Robert P. Sinclair was born in Romulus, Seneca Co., N. Y., Oct. 17, 1814. His father was a son of Rev. James Sinclair, of Glastry, Co. Down, Ireland, where he preached 52 years; his mother was Catharine (Allen) Sinclair, daughter of Charles Allen, of County Donegal, Ireland. They were married at Carrickbrack in 1807 by Rev. William Moore and came to America in 1812. They settled on the shore of Cayuga lake in Seneca Co., N. Y., at the point now known as Sinclair's Landing, where the senior Sin- clair purchased 600 acres of land and became an extensive grain dealer. Robert P. Sinclair acquired the elements of his education in the common schools and prepared for college at the academies of Ovid and Homer. July 4, 1835, he was orator of the day at Romulusville and met with a flattering success. He spent a year at college at Geneva and then went to the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. During his vacations he became familiar with Conti- nental life, and traveled through England and Ireland, graduating in 1839, and after a farewell visit to his relatives in Ireland re- turned in the fall to the United States. He soon after entered the law office of Kingsley & Morgan, of Ann Arbor, read for his pro- fession and was admitted to the bar in 1843. Ill health prevented the fulfillment of his plans, and in 1846 he built a flour-mill in Washtenaw county. In 1848 he sold out and entered into the practice of law at Grand Rapids. When the Rebellion broke out he was formally requested by the Irish citizens to organize and lead them in defense of the unity of their adopted country, and under the necessary authority he raised an independent regiment of infantry, known as the "Irish Volunteers," with the motto, "It is better to fight for the FIRST than the LAST sod of our country." The regiment was mustered into service in January, 1862, as the 14th Reg. M. V. I., under Col. R. P. Sinclair, and two months later were ordered to the front; they went to St. Louis, Mo., then reported to Gen. Halleck at Pittsburg Landing, afterward to Gen. Pope at Hamburg Landing; they werein the fights at Farmington, Corinth and Big Springs, and made a forced march to Tuscumbia, Ala. This was a dreadful experience, as the men were fully equip- ped, and their heavy burdens borne under the burning July sun, in the fervid South, tested their endurance to the utmost. Col. Sinclair applied to Gen. Morgan for orders to store or destroy the men's knapsacks, but that official declined the responsibility, and Col. S. hired a team, transported the men's equipages to Burns- ville and stored them in the hotel, putting the troops in light marching order. Reaching Tuscumbia the regiment stacked 456 guns, no other stacking more than 100. One officer and a man went back to Burnsville, and a few days after the regimental prop- erty was safe in the lines. In Tuscumbia Col. Sinclair addressed the regiment, reviewing the affairs of the country, denouncing slavery as the direct cause of the war, and prophesying its prolon- gation until the cause should be removed-bold talk so long be- fore the Emancipation Proclamation. On leaving Tuscumbia, the




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