USA > Michigan > A history of the northern peninsula of Michigan and its people, its mining, lumber and agricultural industries, Volume I > Part 67
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The county has been very fortunate in its affairs of government and has at all times entrusted the conduct of its affairs to men of busi- ness capacity and integrity, so that its administrations have been free
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from scandal and graft, with which too many municipalities are bur- dened.
As said above, at the time of the organization of the county it was divided into two townships, Menominee and Cedarville; this is historical of the situation at that time. Both are on the bay shore where the set- tlements were. Menominee township had its settlement at the mouth of the river where the business section of the city now is. Cedarville town- ship was centered at Cedar river, where the first large saw-mill was built. In those days these two townships were of magnificent distances, and Menominee's territory extended from the village north to the line of Marquette county, including all of the lower portion of the Me- nominee Iron Range where are now the prosperous cities of Iron Moun- tain and Norway.
As the country developed, divisions have been made and new town- ships organized until the county is now composed of municipal divisions -represented upon the county board of supervisors as follows :
POLITICAL DIVISIONS.
REPRESENTED BY
City of Menominee, at large First Ward
Harry T. Emerson, Mayor.
John MeDonald.
Second Ward
Mathias Bottkol.
Third Ward
N. Christophersen.
Fourth Ward
Theodore Christensen.
Fifth Ward
Wolfgang Reindl.
Sixth Ward
Noah Louglais.
Seventh Ward
Charles F. Daley.
Cedarville Township
Theodore Jasper.
Ingallston Township
Charles Nelson.
Menominee Township
Christ Peterson.
Mellen Township
John Sewitz.
Lake Township
Fred D. Crane.
Stephenson Township
John Dunham.
Holmes Township
Solomon Swanson.
Nadeau Township
Peter Garrigan.
Spalding Township
George Christianson.
Meyer Township
Edwin P. Radford.
Harris Township
John Schoen.
The officers of the county at the time of its organization have been already mentioned. It is fortunate that we are able to present them in the accompaning illustration as they are remembered still by some of the early settlers.
The officers of the county at present are: Sheriff, Joseph Kell ; judge of probate, John Stiles; proseenting attorney, Fred H. Haggerson ; county clerk and register of deeds, Carl A. Anderson ; county treasurer, William A. Pengilly ; circuit court commissioner, L. D. Eastman : county
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surveyor, Albert Hass; commissioner of schools. Jesse Hubbard; Board of County Road Commissioners, George H. Haggerson. Louis Nadeau, and Arthur A. Juttner; county engineer, Kenneth I. Sawyer.
THE COUNTY HIGHWAYS
Early in the history of the county, when there were no settlers ex- cept on the Bay shore, the state, by means of its publie lands and rea- sonable grants therefrom, provided for two state roads that were con- structed from Menominee north. The act was passed in 1861. and one road to be constructed from Menominee to the Delta county line was called the Green Bay and Bay dn Noe State Road, while the other, to be constructed from Menominee through the river section of the coun- try, was to be called the Wisconsin & Lake Superior State Road. In 1864 Josiah R. Brooks was appointed commissioner to lay out the first mentioned road and canse its construction. The contract was let to Judge E. S. Ingalls. It did not require the kind of roads which the county now builds, but ouly provided that the road be cut sixteen feet wide that year, so as to make it available for immediate use, and required its completion later. Within the contract time, on the 5th day of De- cember. 1864. the road was completed so as to be passable, and it con- nected with a road previously built from Escanaba to Marquette, and in a few days thereafter stages began to carry the mail from Green Bay. through Menominee and Escanaba, to Marquette. Two section of land per mile were granted by the state for the construction of this road, and state road serip was issued therefor. A sale of this serip provided funds for building the thoroughfare.
In 1865 the legislatures of the two states made provision granting lands for the construction of the first inter-stute bridge between the cities of Marinette and Menominee, and after considerable contest over the location the bridge was constructed in 1867, thus connecting the Wisconsin and Michigan highways. In 1866 Judge Ingalls was ap- pointed Commissioner to locate and build the Wisconsin and Lake Supe- rior State Road. He let the contract to the Kirby-Carpenter Company. the R. Stephenson Company (latter known as the Ludington, Well & Van Sehaick Company, and Spakling and Porter, who immediately com- meneed the work and completed it about ten years later.
These two State roads furnished fairly good arteries for travel through the different sections of the county. As the country settled the townships built connecting roads, and finally, in 1894, the county of Menominee organized its County Road System, being the first county in the Upper Peninsula so to act. In the first instance three county road commissioners were provided for, to be elected by the people, but in 1905 a special act was passed by the Legislature providing that for Menominee County the Commissioners should be appointed by the County Board of Supervisors. Such provision is now general through- ont the State. At the ontset a small bond issue was provided with which to commence work, but those bonds have been paid so that our roads
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are all paid for, and the annual construction and repair work are met by annual appropriations which require about a two mill tax.
The construction began with a road running from Menominee di- rectly north to Powers, then turning eastwardly to the Delta county line, a distance of fifty-one miles. The system now includes one hundred and fifty miles completed and open to traffic, and it connects with the county road systems of Delta and the Dickinson. Various kinds of roads are constructed. about one-third thereof being of gravel and the other two- thirds better than gravel, including crushed stone, gravel and macadam.
Originally, the Commissioners superintended the work and did it by day's labor. Later they contracted the work and supervised its con- struction. About 1905 the county was divided for convenience into two county road districts and the Commissioners appointed a superin- tendent for each district who supervised the construction by contractors. In 1909 the commissioners employed Kenneth I. Sawyer, a graduate engineer of the Michigan University, as supervising engineer, which position he has since held.
Since the adoption of the State Award System this county has been receiving state awards which have gone far to aid it in construction. The system of roads has been enlarged so that its main arteries reach the various parts of the county, and the present system not only reaches all the towns along the main line of the Chicago & Northwestern Rail- way, from Menominee north to the Delta County line, but Cedar river, Faithorn, Hermansville and Nathan, and extend crosswise in the county through the townships of Ingallston and Menominee; from Menominee six miles up the old Lake Superior State Road, and from Menominee to Cedar river, part, however, of this last road being at present under construction.
Up to the present scason the county has done most of its construction work by contract, that work and the work of repairs being under the direct supervision of the engineer. This year the county is employing what it terms "force work," or direct employment, all the help being employed by the engineer who, with his foreman, directs the construc- tion. Employed in the work are three traction engines for hauling purposes, of the type used for plowing in Western Canada. The county owns two of these engines and leases one. It also owns ten six-yard cars of modern type, two rollers, a stone ernshing plant, and com- plete minor equipment.
The roads of the county have now attained to sneh condition of per- fection that they are receiving favorable mention in remote places, and the progress of this county and its up-to-date methods are such that the report of its engineer for last year, covering methods of construc- tion and repairs, was published at length in the prominent road jour- nals of New York, Detroit, Chicago and other places.
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SCHOOLS OF MENOMINEE COUNTY
In writing of the first schools of Menominee no better history can be recorded than by quoting from an article recently written by Mrs. A. L. Sawyer, largely from her personal recollections, as follows:
"Art and science follow close in the track of commerce, and the public school is the door by which these enter, so when men were sure of enough to eat and something to wear they must have schools for the higher needs of their children. The first school was opened in 1853 at the old water mill, in a building one end of which was used for a blacksmith shop. This was maintained by a subscription of three dol- lars for twelve weeks schooling. Oscar Bartho'omeu of Elmira, New York, whom fate had stranded here, was the first teacher.
"The first real schoolhouse was built by Charles MeCloud, senior. on the bluff near the end of the first dam. This also was supported by subscription and Miss Sue Lyon was the teacher. The average attend- ance was sixteen, and represented five nationalities. In 1858 a log schoolhouse was built, where the Chieago & Northwestern Railroad crosses Ogden avenue. Miss Lyon taught here also. She is better known to most of us as Mrs. Sue Douglass, magazine writer and correspondent for local papers for many years. At the mouth of the river the first school was held in a small building on the bay shore back of the National Hotel. Miss Emily Burchard, who lived in Menekanne, was the teacher. In summer she paddled herself over in a canoe; it is re- lated that one morning she upset, but nothing daunted she swam to a boom, righted her boat, came on over, borrowed some clothes and taught school as usual. The writer remembers this school building in later years with George Jenkins as teacher, it had fascinating possibilities which are unknown in our well kept modern school houses. The build- ing was of wood outside and in, filled with sawdust between the walls, it was quite possible to open a crack and let the sawdust run.
"The writer remembers another schoolhouse also, near the bayon over by "Bob's Mill" (1. W. & V. S. old mill.) Nature study began carly in this 100m. The boys used to amuse themselves, when not carv- ing the plank desks, by catching bed bugs and trying to train them, sometimes a snake in swift pursuit of a mouse would glide across the floor much to the teacher's consternation. The girls gathered the beau- tiful cardinal flowers that grew along the bayou, to decorate the teach- er's desk,-such were the beginnings of the school system of which Me- nominee is so justly proud today.
"In the spring of 1864 the town of Menominee was organized and the first public money was drawn for school purposes. In 1880 the school district system was changed to the graded system under graded school law and six trustees were elected. viz: S. M. Stephenson, A. Spies, B. T. Phillips, Wm. Somerville, Jos. Juttner and J. II. Walton. At this time the district owned the old Kirby street building on Holmes avenue and rented a store on Ogden avenue. In all five rooms, all seated with the old double seats. Five teachers and one principal with
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SHEEP GRAZING AND A GRAIN FIELD, MENOMINEE COUNTY
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752 pupils of school age on the census list, 402 attending school with seats for 310. The cost per pupil for this year was $12.72.
"In Angust, 1881, the present Liberty street building was com- pleted and school commeneed with seven teachers and a superintendent, with one teacher at Hohes averme. The superintendent was expected to teach three hours a day. In '82 the Holmes avenue building was removed to Wabash avenne and primaries were started in the basement of the Liberty street building: also the Marinette avenue site was pur- chased and the Kirby street building moved thereon. In April, '83, the city was chartered and the Boswell school, then a two-story building with two rooms ench was immediately remodeled and school began with 12 teachers. In '84 the teachers had increased to 15 and in '85 to 19. In '86 the State street and Primary No. 1 at Liberty street were erected at a cost of $9,800.00 and school commenced with 20 teachers. In '87 teachers increased to 23. In '88 the Marinette avenue building was burned and with very little above the insurance obtained the pres- ent building was erected. This year 26 teachers were necessary and in '89 twenty-seven. In '90 the Spies building was erected at a cost of $5,993.20 including the lots, and school commenced with twenty-nine teachers, including superintendent. In '91 Birch Creek Academy was built at a cost of $1.293.35, including lot. This year the teaching force arose to thirty-three. In '92 the Boswell street and Lincoln avenue buildings were erected at a cost of $32.812.42. and school began with a force of 36 teachers. In '93 school opened with forty-one teachers and the next year five additional. Census 3,737, enrollment 2,300. In '94 extensive repairs were made all over the city and a resolution was passed by the board to submit to the electors of the school district of the city of Menominee the question of bonding the district for $45,000 to build a new High school. It was carried and resulted in the construction of one of the finest High schools in the state at that time. Schools opened in the new building January 7. 1895, with fifty-one teachers."
A recent school report records the names of citizens, formerly members of the School Board since the organization of the city, as follows: S. M. Stephenson, A. Spies. Jos. Juttner, William Somerville, J. H. Walton, B. T. Phillips. A. L. Sawyer, W. II. Phillips, Mrs. C. B. Boswell, S. A. Gibbs, Joseph Flesheim, Byron S. Waite, W. R. Hicks and Edward Daniell.
At the present time the schools of the city and county are in a thriv- ing condition and the people are alert to the importance of keeping them abreast the times. In the city, in nine buildings there is seating capacity for 2,560 pupils as follows: Liberty school, seating capacity 500; Roosevelt school, seating capacity 360; State street school. 140; Spies avenne school, 270; Central H. S. school, seating capacity 345 (not including recitation rooms) ; Boswell school, seating enpacity 360; Lincoln school, seating capacity 360; North Broadway school, seating capacity 180; and North State school, seating enpacity 45.
The schools of the city are managed by a board of five trustees, elected
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by the people, those now (1911) serving being as follows: G. A. Blesch, president ; D. M. Wilcox, secretary ; H. Tideman, treasurer; Chas. Spies and M. J. Doyle.
Special instructors are employed for writing, music, drawing, sewing and manual training, for the last of which a finely equipped department is maintained. The High school is accredited to all the schools of the Northwestern Association, and to the Universities of Michigan and Wis- consin, and to Wellesley College.
The schools of the county are under the efficient supervision of the county commissioner of schools, Jesse Hubbard, whose repeated re- election for many years past is sufficient evidence of his satisfactory work. Menominee county was the first in the state to inaugurate the plan of transporting children to school who reside in various remote sections ; pupils are now carried from three different neighborhoods to the nearby village schools. The system is gaining in popularity because, in sparsely settled districts, it is cheaper and affords better education than to maintain in the district a small school.
Within the county there are four townships that are divided into primary districts. Cedarville has eight districts, with nine teachers; Ingallston, eight districts, with eight teachers; Menominee township, nine districts, with nine teachers; and Nadeau township, ten districts. with seventeen teachers. In six townships of the county the unit Distriet system has been adopted: bringing all the schools of the township under a Township school hoard of five members. Harris township has nine schools, with eleven teachers; Holmes township, eight schools and eight teachers; Mellen township, five schools and six teachers; Meyer town- ship, four schools and eight teachers; Spalding township, nine schools and sixteen teachers; Stephenson township, eighteen schools and twenty- five teachers (this includes the new Township of Lake organized the present year).
In all the schools of the county the course of study prescribed by the State Department of Education is followed. The rural schools are all graded, each having eight grades or years of school work prescribed. These schools are graded up to, and their graduates may enter the County School of Agriculture and Domestic Economy. The smaller villages have ten grades, or years of study; the larger villages have at present eleven grades and soon hope to have twelve, or a regular High school course. The graduates of the village schools who wish to teach enter the County Normal Training Class. The pupils from the rural and village schools, moving into the cities, enter the grade corresponding to the one they were in at their home school. Three classes have gradnated from the County Normal Training School and are now teaching in the rural schools of the county. There are forty-six of these now teaching in the county. In two or three years a corps of trained teachers will have been thus organized for the rural schools.
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COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
The Menominee County School of Agriculture and Domestic Econ- omy was established by virtue of an act of the Legislature of 1907, and is under the control of a board consisting of five members, of which the county school commissioner is ex-officio, a member, and the other four members are appointed by the County Board of Supervisors.
Menominee county was the first in Michigan to establish a county school of agriculture, and in so doing, the people acted upon a realization of the necessities of the locality, and the fact that agriculture is to be- come the important industry of the county. The aim of the institution is to furnish its young men and young women a thorough, practical and scientific course in the work pertaining to the farms and the farm homes. The school aims to furnish an opportunity to those boys and girls who are unable to leave home to attend a college for a long number of years, either because of limited means or because of want of proper entrance qualification. It aims to train its young men and young women for useful citizenship in all that tends to broaden their intellects and their interest for a successful farm life.
In the practical work on the agricultural school farm. the school aims to determine what erops will do best under local conditions of soil. moisture and climate; to evolve variety or varieties of grain, grasses, root crops, corn, such as will be adapted to local conditions and local needs, by systematic methods of selection and plant breeding; to assist farmers in working out the many puzzling problems that the farmer meets with in his work during the year. It aims to give advice and to furnish up-to-date ideas and ideals to its farmers, so that they may do the work on their farm more advantageously and more profitably. The regular course covers a period of two years of thirty-six weeks each, beginning Monday, September 19, 1910, and ending Friday, June 9, 1911.
The school now owns 105 acres of land, of which about 55 acres are under cultivation. The remainder is in pasture and a beautiful park. About three acres of the cultivated land is devoted to the raising of experimental crops, and the balance to field plots.
The buildings are ornamental, as well as useful, and, with their ap- proximate cost and equipment, are as follows:
Purchase of site, $12.500. School and equipment, $22.100. Students' Home. $10.200. Superintendent's residence, $4,100. Janitor's residence, $1,900.
Stock and implements, $1,100.
The board at present is as follows: John Henes, president; Jesse Hubbard, secretary ; Ira Carley. Dr. George W. Earle and George W. McCormick. The school faculty is as follows: J. W. Wojta. Agricul- tural; W. H. MeIntosh, Mannal Training; Gladys Jayne, Domestic
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Economy ; Anna Schroeder, Academic Subjects; C. J. Wuellner, Milk and Meat Inspector ..
AGRICULTURE
That Menominee county is destined to become an important agricul- tural community is evidence in many ways, but perhaps in none more strikingly than by the construction and equipment of its Agricultural School and the patronage accorded it by the tax payers and the young people of the farms. Other evidence is found in the mammoth canning factory of the Michigan Refining and Preserving Company. in the city of Menominee; but best of all evidence is that produced by the farms themselves. Throughout the entire county there is scarcely a railway station or hamlet of any size that is not surrounded by areas of the best of farming lands, and each year adds to the last a great many aeres of tilled land and many general improvements in the agricultural line.
Farming begun in Menominee county in a very small way, with the first white settlers, and before their coming the Indians had raised corn and squashes. As has been said, the first farm started in the county was at the trading post of John G. Kittson. in the Wansaukee hend of the Menominee river about thirty miles above the village of Menominee. Mention has also been made that in the fifties a farming settlement was started at Birch Creek about six miles north of the village.
As the great lumber companies pushed their logging operations farther up stream. they began establishing farms which they used for their own purposes, but principally for furnishing pasture through the summer season for the cattle and horses used in winter. Gradually the farms were increased, so that hay and root crops were raised, and other farms were started; and it dawned upon the people that when they should emerge from the shadow of the mighty lumber interests, and the lands should be cleared from the deep shade of the forests, agriculture would be the predominating industry of the locality.
For the past twenty years farms and farmers have gradually de- veloped. until now Menominee county is possessed of some of the best farms in the state of Michigan. The wonderful farms of C. I. Cook are a revelation as to what can be done with the soil and climate which this county affords. These mammoth farms aggregate in cleared land approximately three thousand acres, and are prodneing not only high- grade stock, including cattle, horses, sheep and hogs, but grains and vegetables of many kinds, and apples that have few superiors.
There are many farms in the county capable of doing one or more of the things as well as it is done on these two properties, but mention is made of these because here, concentrated under skilled management, are illustrations of the productiveness of the different kinds of soils. in many and varied crops. Hundreds of acres of sweeteorn are annually raised by Mr. Cook and the produet is used in the canning factory. Last year three and a half aeres of musk-melons produced over $3,000. and one-half an aere of canliflower over $500. Celery, cabbage and
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PICKING BEANS FOR CANNING FACTORY, MENOMINEE
APPLE ORCHARD, MENOMINEE COUNTY
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Bermuda oniens are likewise productive. Grains, including wheat, oats, barley and rye, are taking their proper places as rotation crops, while dent field corn, which never used to be considered here, has become so acclimated that it is being quite generally raised. Apple orchards are producing so abundantly of choice fruits that large orchards of young trees are being planted. On the Cook farms mentioned, which already have large orchards, four thousand young apple trees were planted this season, and it is estimated that in the county as many as twenty thou- sand trees are newly planted.
As to what can be done by way of truck farming, we produce, from the records of the canning factory mentioned, figures showing actual re- sults in cash realized in 1910 by numerous farmers, as follows :
NAME OF FARM ACREAGE AND CROPS VALUE IN CASH PAID
Broadway Farm
5 acres cucumbers
615.57
3
acres string beans 297.89
7 acres wax beans 316.31
6 acres tomatoes 1,090.54 $2,320.31
Wm. Cordes
2 acres cucumbers 106.08
5 acres string beans
402.51
528.59
Herman Heteher
3 aeres cucumbers 343.83
116 acres string beans
116.78
1 acre tomatoes
113.25
573.86
Victor Hetcher
1 acre cucumbers 150.90
1/2 acre wax beans
119.50
1 acre tomatoes
89,00
359.40
Hans Larson
1 acre cucumbers 103.11
1 aere string beans 214.00
1
acre wax beans 99.24
5 aeres tomatoes
381.85
798.20
Jens Pederson
1 acre cucumbers
109.54
1% acre string beans
46.98
156.52
Jim Schepeck
11% acres cucumbers 205.11
1 acre string beans 162.79
15 acre wax beans
102.48
1 aere tomatoes
228.15
698.53
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Frank Walander
11% acres cucumbers $242.38
1/2 acre string beans 123.41
1 acre wax beans 96.87
1 acre tomatoes
321.10 $783.76
Chas. Wilson
2 acres cucumbers
207.02
1 acre string beans
158.11
1/2 acre wax beans
69.87
2 acres tomatoes
264.50 699.50
Peter Zimmer
1 acre cucumbers
93.55
2 acres string beans
295.19
1 acre wax beans 129.22
1 acre tomatoes
124.35
642.31
Hans Jensen
1 acre cucumbers
71.08
1 acre string beans 82.23
12 acre tomatoes
31.72 185.03
L. D. Eastman
2 acres cucumbers 146.41
2 acres string beans 126.01
21/2 acres tomatoes
187.54
3/4 acre wax beans
105.85 565.81
Joseph Wozniak
1/4 acre cucumbers
20.67
1/2 acre string beans
105.74 126.41
The illustrations accompanying this chapter are from actual photo- graphs and show what Menominee county, as a beginning, is doing in the way of agriculture. What is said above in regard to the Sugar Beet factory need not be here repeated, but it belongs in reality to the agricul- tural history, for $540,000 in cash paid to the farmers within reach of this factory on both sides of the river, for the single item of sugar-beets, is a nice annual dividend.
What is being done has not been all the work of accident, but there have been pushers at the wheel. The Menominee Abstract and Land As- sociation have been singing the praises of Menominee county soil and climate for years, and now the song is being appreciated. The Sugar Company has conducted a campaign of education, and our progressive
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farmers have been giving object lessons, all of which have had their part in the good work. The prominent and progressive farms of the county are now so numerous that it is not within the province of this chapter to mention them separately. We have mentioned several as illustrative, and must rest our case here, both as regards Menominee County and the general history of the Northern Peninsula of Michigan.
UNIV. OF DR Joanna
JUN 6 1912
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