USA > Michigan > Genesee County > Genesee County, Michigan, rural directory, 1919 > Part 27
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Treatment .- Some cases recover if
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carefully nursed. Give nourishing drinks, elevate trough or bucket so the patient can get its snout into the drink ; give dissolved in hot water and mixed with the slop forty grains bromide of potash two or three times daily until im- provement is noticed. Do not attempt to drench. Any wound which seems to be a cause should be cleansed and wet often with five per cent. solution of car- bolic acid and water.
LICE .- Very commonly found upon hogs. They are introduced by new pur- chases or by visiting animals.
Caution .- Examine the newly pur- chased hog well on this point before placing with the drove. Hog lice are quite large and easily detected on clean white animals, but not readily on dark or dirty skins.
Remedy .- Wash well with soap and water, if weather is not too cold, then warm water, if weather is not too cold, then apply enough petroleum and lard, equal parts, to give the skin a complete greasing. If weather is too cold for wash- ing, clean with stiff brush. Creolin one part to water five parts is also a safe and sure remedy. Two or more applications are necessary at intervals of four or five days to complete the job. The wood- work of pens and rubbing places must be completely whitewashed.
MANGE .- Caused by a microscopic parasite which lives in the skin at the roots of the bristles.
Symptoms .- Intense itching with red- ness of the skin from the irritation of rubbing. Rather rare, but very con- tagious.
Treatment. - Separate diseased ani- mals ; scrub them thoroughly with warm water and strong soap; apply ointment composed of lard, one pound ; carbonate of potash, one ounce; flor. sulphur, two ounces; wash and re-apply every four days.
MAGGOTS .- The larvæ of the ordinary blow-fly frequently infests wounds on hogs during the summer months. Watch all wounds during hot weather; keep them wet frequently with creolin one part and water six parts, or five per cent. watery solution carbolic acid. If the maggots gain entrance to the wound, ap- ply either above remedies freely, or ordi- nary turpentine with a brush or common oil can.
ROUND WORMS. - Very common in shotes and young hogs, not apparently harmful. unless in great numbers, when they cause loss of flesh. They may be
exterminated by keeping the hog without food for twenty-four hours, and giving to each shote or old pig one tablespoon- ful of turpentine thoroughly beaten up with one egg and one-half pint of milk.
TUBERCULOSIS (CONSUMPTION). - A contagious disease common in man, cat- tle and not rare in the hog.
Symptoms .- Loss of flesh, cough, diar- rhoa, swelling about the head and neck, which may open and discharge with little tendency to heal; death in from few weeks to months. Post mortem shows various sized tubercles, which may be situated in any part of the body, most commonly in the bowels, lungs, liver, or glands of the neck.
Causes .- Direct contagion from other hogs, but generally from feeding milk from tuberculous cows, or by eating butcher offal from such cows.
Prevention .- Care as to the source of the milk fed; if suspicious, boiling will render it safe. Do not feed butcher offal; separate suspicious hogs at once, and if satisfied they are tuberculous, kill and bury deep, or burn them. The tuber- culin test can be applied to the remainder of drove, as without it it is impossible to say how many may be diseased.
WOUNDS generally heal readily in the hog if kept clean and free from maggots. The result of neglected castration wounds is sometimes serious. Have the animal clean as possible when castrated, and endeavor to keep it clean and give opportunity for abundant exercise until wound is healed. There is probably nothing better and safer to apply to wounds of the hog than creolin one part, water six parts.
TRAVEL SICKNESS .- Similar to ordinary sea-sickness in man; very common in shipping pigs by wagon.
Symptoms .- Vomiting, diarrhoea, great depression ; scidon. if ever fatal. May be rendered mus less severe by very light feeding before shipment.
7
To Find the Amount of Wall Paper Required to Paper a Room
Measure the distance around the room deduct the width of each window and door, take two-thirds of result. Divide this result by the number of strips that can be cut from each roll and you have the number of rolls required. A roll is generally a foot and a half wide. 24 feet long and contains 36 square feet, "\ 1 square yards.
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MAUSOLEUMS MONUMENTS THE SHELDON GRANITE CO. North Woodward Ave., Detroit, Mich. DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS OF Artistic Mausoleums and Monuments Office TELEPHONE, HEMLOCK 579 FRANK B. LARABEE, Sales Representative 511 EAST THIRD STREET, FLINT, MICH. TELEPHONE, 62 J The Best of References Sent on' Application
J. W. Vredenburg
Furniture
Funeral Director
Every successful man and wife comes to Mont- rose. When YOU are in town call and see us. We are always glad to meet new friends. MONTROSE 4 MICHIGAN
PHONE BELL 10 F-21
FRANK I. GILBERT & SON
General Merchandise
AND
Auto Supplies
RANKIN
SWARTZ CREEK
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MICHIGAN
R-D-I
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E. O. CLUDY Groceries & Meat HIGHEST PRICES PAID FOR FARM PRODUCTS Fruits and Vegetables in Season Cor, Curtis Ave. & Fenton St., R 1, Flint Mich. Phone-1035-J-4
J. H. WALTERHOUSE & SON * DEALERS IN * Scrap Metals, Paper, Rags, Etc. FEED BARN AND 10C DRIVE SHED IN CONNECTION Davison, Michigan
QUALITY SERVICE AND A SQUARE DEAL PENINSULAR FLOUR MILL
Opposite Grand Trunk Depot
DE. ROO & CO.
Flint, Mich.
R. E. BENEDICT Motorcycles and Bicycles REPAIRS AND ACCESSORIES Harley-Davidson Sales and Service Station 617 NORTH SAGINAW STREET Telephone 3017-M FLINT, MICH.
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DISEASES OF SHEEP
If sheep are given proper care and feed, and are not exposed to sudden changes, the liability of disease is ma- terially reduced. For the average sheep that becomes sick, and you do not know how to doctor, the best way is to let nature take its course. Unless the symptoms are very evident and the rem- edies well known, doctoring sheep is ex- pensive and often unsatisfactory.
In handling and treating sick animals, use common sense. Do not try to make them eat, but let them be quiet. Do not begin to pour medicine down them the first time you see there is something wrong, but look to the cause and remove it, if it is in the feed or care. If the animal does not then return to feed, study closely the symptoms, and give such treatment as the latter seem to warrant. The common ailments of sheep are comparatively few, but severe cases of many of them are very fatal.
In giving medicine to sheep, the easi- est way to hold the sheep is to set it on its rump, placing the sheep between your legs and holding the head by plac- ing the first two fingers of the left hand in the roof of the animal's mouth, thus leaving the right hand to hold the spoon or bottle. Except where the medicine is given clear, in one or two tablespoon- fuls, the best method is to have a long, small-necked bottle in which to put the medicine, and put in the mouth, taking care to have the opening well to the back of the mouth so that the sheep can not hold the tongue over the opening. Give large doses with great care, pouring slowly to avoid choking. Be careful not to choke by pouring into the windpipe. In giving castor oil with a spoon, dip the spoon in water just before using.
INTERNAL DISEASES.
CHOKING .- Generally caused by too fast eating of oats or roots, which lodge in the gullet. Set the animal on its rump, stretch the neck and throw the head back, and pour a cupful of water down the throat. In more severe cases. use three or four tablespoonfuls of melted lard. If neither of these furnish relief, take a piece of small rubber hose, or a very small, pliable and smooth stick. push it carefully down the gullet,
and dislodge the obstacle. Keep close to the lower side of the neck, so as not to disturb the windpipe.
In passing hose to relieve choke, keep neck perfectly straight. Have animal held firmly by good assistants. Use great care to avoid wounding throat.
BLOATING .- Caused by overeating of soft, green feed, such as young clover, alfalfa, rape, and the like. For slight cases, put all the pine tar possible on the nose and mouth; also fasten a small stick in the mouth, like a bridle bit, to keep it open to allow the gas to escape. In more severe cases, give two teaspoon- fuls of bicarbonate of soda, dissolved in warm water. If relief does not fol- low, repeat in about ten minutes. Hold- ing salt pork in the mouth will often relieve. In all of these cases, keep the animal in motion, so as to facilitate the escape of gas. If none of these reme- dies act and the animal becomes worse, tapping must be resorted to. This is done by making a small insertion with a sharp knife, at a point on the left side equidistant from the end of the last short rib and the backbone, on the paunch. Better than a knife is a trocar with shield. This is a sharp blade in a tube, and when the puncture is made the shield is left in the opening, allow- the gas to escape. This shield should be removed as soon as the animal is out of danger. Sheep trocar and canula can be secured from any veterinary in- strument maker.
FOUNDERING. - Generally caused by overeating; for instance, securing access to grain bin accidentally, or being kept from feed twenty-four hours or longer, and then allowed to eat as much as they please. As soon as found, give one-half teacupful of castor oil and keep well exercised. If bloating sets in, re- lieve by ordinary methods. Founder- ing is very dangerous, and death often results, in spite of any remedy.
CONSTIPATION-In lambs, often occurs when one to seven years old. Relieve by an injection, with a small syringe, of lukewarm soapsuds into the rectum. Another good injection is glycerine. one ounce to warm water one pint .. In older . sheep, sometimes due to heavy feeding,
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especially of corn and dry feed without any laxative foods; also due to lack of exercise. Two to four tablespoonfuls of castor oil will relieve; if no passage of bowels in twenty-four hours, repeat and increase the dose by one-half.
*SCOURING. - Induced by sudden change from dry to green feed; by over- eating of green feed, such as rape, clover, alfalfa, and the like; also of grain. In mild cases, a change to dry feed will cause scouring to stop in a day or so, without the use of any drug. In very severe cases, where the sheep refuses to eat, and passage of dung is slimy and attended with straining, give two tablespoonfuls of castor oil to carry off the cause of the irritation; if this does not check the passage give a table- spoonful of castor oil with thirty drops of laudanum, twice daily, in a little gruel. When checked, continue to give flaxseed gruel, until the sheep returns to its regular ration.
SNUFFLES .- Similar to a cold in per- sons; catarrh; discharge at the nose. Put fresh pine tar in the mouth and on the nose. In severe cases steam the sheep with tar, by putting some live coals in a pan, pouring tar on them, and holding his head over the pan, placing a blanket over his head to keep the fumes from escaping, and forcing the sheep to inhale them.
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URINARY TROUBLES .- Rams are some- times troubled to make water; generally due to heavy feeding and close confine- ment; it is also claimed that heavy feed- ing of roots will cause. this trouble. Rams stand apart from the flock, do not eat, draw up their hind parts, and strain in an attempt to make water. To relieve, give one-half teaspoonful sweet spirits of niter, in a little water, every two hours until relieved.
WORMS .- The deadly stomach worm (strongylus contortus) is the worst foe of the eastern sheep grower. It is a small worm about three-quarters of an inch long, found in the fourth stomach. They are taken in by lambs running on old pasture, especially blue-grass. and are induced by wet weather and wet soil; are generally noticeable during July and August. Symptoms : lambs lag behind when driving the flock, look thin and poor, act weak, skin is very pale and bloodless; eyes pale, sunken and
lifeless; sometimes scouring occurs a day or two before death; death usually in four to ten days. Preventive: keep the lambs from old pastures; a fresh cut or newly seeded clover meadow makes the best pasture; rape is also good. Feed them some grain and dry feed, and keep some of the following mixture in the salt box all the time, viz .: one bushel salt, one pound gen- tian, one pound powdered copperas, one pint turpentine, mixed thoroughly. Some of the prepared medicated salts are just as cheap and effective as this mixture. Tobacco dust and tobacco leaves fed with the salt are also much used in some sections and prove very effective as a preventive. Cure: if not too bad when noticed, they can often be cured, but they are seldom as growthy as if not affected. Shut the lambs from all feed for twelve to eighteen hours; catch the lamb, set him on his rump, holding so that he can not struggle and give a drench of gasoline, one tablespoonful, in four ounces (one-third to one-half teacupful) of milk; repeat the two suc- ceeding mornings, and if no improve- ment, repeat the series in seven to ten days. Follow directions carefully.
DISEASES EXTERNAL.
MAGGOTS .- Caused by green flies, in- duced by hot, damp weather, and dirty wool; found on the hind part of sheep. and on rams around the horns, where wool is damp and dirty. Also around castration and docking wounds, which require watching for this trouble. Trim off the wool on place affected, and throw off the maggots; put on gasoline to.kill the maggots. Air-slacked lime will dry up the wet wool, and drive the maggots and flies away. Turpentine and kero- sene are also used, but both take off the wool, if used in considerable amounts. Apply the above remedies for maggots with brush or small oil can ..
FOULS, OR SORE FEET .- Sheep are often lame, especially when the ground is wet; earth or manure lodges between the toes, continual rubbing induces soreness, the foot begins to suppurate, and your sheep is lame; the foot looks sore be- tween the toes and is warm. Pare away all shell of hoof around the sore part. being sure to expose to the air all af- fected parts: after thoroughly paring. put on with a small swab a solution of
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blue vitriol and strong vinegar, mixed to the consistency of a thin paste. Keep sheep with fouls away from wet pastures or stagnant water, and keep feet dry and clean as possible.
,If lame sheep are not doctored, the fouls soon spread to all parts of the foot, and foot-rot results. This becomes contagious, and all sheep remaining where are those with foot-rot will be- come lame. There is no need of foot- rot if the shepherd takes care of his sheep. Treat this the same as the fouls, being sure to pare away all shell and ex- posing the diseased parts. For a stronger solution than blue vitriol, use blue vitriol, butyr of antimony, and mur- iatic acid, equal parts by weight. Use with care. Paring is the principal thing ; be careful not to cut the toe vein. Another excellent remedy for foul feet is one ounce chloride of zinc to one pint of water. Apply enough to wet foul parts once daily after cleaning foot with dry cloth.
TICKS .- Ticks to sheep are as lice to hens; they take the life and blood from the sheep. To kill them, dip your sheep in some proprietary dip. carbolic prefer- red, being careful to follow directions.
SCAB .- Is a strictly contagious disease of the skin, caused by a small mite which bites the skin. It generally appears on the back. rump or sides of the sheep, and is first indicated by rubbing and pulling of the wool. The disease is very contagious, common to large flocks and bands, especially on the western range. Cure : use some good proprietary dip, follow directions to the letter, dip your sheep thoroughly twice, the second dip- ping from six to ten days after the first, not sooner nor later than these limits. Disinfect all pens thoroughly and keep sheep from the old pastures at least two months. Scab is not very common to eastern sheep owners. Inspect all new animals at once for scab, as it is often introduced by purchasing stock ewes or rams.
SORE. EYES .- Caused by too much wool over the eyes, and the eyelid rolling into the eye; also by getting something into the eye. Shear the wool away from the eye, and tie the cap of wool up off from the eyes, if necessary; if there is a film over the eve, better apply a few drops of a solution of ten grains of boric acid to the ounce of water, put in a pinch of powdered burnt alum.
SORE TEATS .- The teats on ewes with lambs sometimes become sore and ten- der, so that the lamb can not suck. Rub twice a day with salted butter.
CAKED UDDER .- Sometimes caused by weaning and not milking after the lamb is taken away. Generally occurs in heavy milkers; also occurs when lamb is still sucking, in one side of the bag at first. It is accompanied by stiffness in the hind quarters, the bag is hard, and in the first stages a thin, watery-like fluid can be drawn from the teat. Rub well and carefully, using camphorated sweet oil; the principal thing is the rub- bing; try to soften the bag and keep the teat open. Many times the ewe will lose the use of that side of her bag entirely. If she does, send her to mar- ket. Where gait is stiff and udder caked, give the ewe one dram salicylate of soda three times daily for three or four days.
CASTING WITHERS .- Thrusting out of the womb. It should be washed in a pint of warm water, in which has been dissolved a teaspoonful of powdered alum, and the womb replaced, and a stitch taken in the upper part of the opening of the vagina. The best way to cure such ewes is to market them or kill at once if they continue to give trouble in this respect. After replacing the womb, keep hind parts of animal quite high by standing in narrow stall made for the purpose, with floor made high behind.
GOITER .- Lumps in the throat. Com- mon to lambs when born; also in young sheep during the first winter. Some think the latter is caused by high feed- ing. Apply tincture of iodine with a swab. rubbing on enough to color well the affected portion. Two or three ap- plications, two to four days apart, should remove the worst case of goiter.
CASTRATING. - Hold as for docking. Cut off a good sized portion of the end of the sac with a sharp knife, push back the sack from the testicles, grasp the latter singly, with right hand. and grasp narrow or upper portion of sac firmly with left hand, and draw out until the cord breaks. Do not cut the cord, but break it. When docking and castrating at the same time, castrate first, then dock, and release the lamb. The whole operation should not take over one to two minutes.
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Troublesome Pests-Buffalo Moth
The carpet beetle (often called the "Buffalo Moth") has proved to be a very annoying and destructive pest throughout the northern part of the United States. It was imported into this country from Europe, about the year 1874, and has spread from the East to the West.
All the year, but more often in sum- mer and fall, an active brown larva about a quarter of an inch in length feeds upon carpets and woolen goods. This larva is decorated with stiff brown hairs, which are longer around the sides and still longer at the ends than on the back. It works in a hidden manner from the under surface of a carpet; sometimes making irregular holes, but more fre- quently following the line of a floor crack and thus cutting long slits in the carpet.
The adult insect is a minute, broad- oval beetle, about three-sixteenths of an inch long, black in color, but is covered with exceedingly minute scales, which give it a marbled black-and-white ap- pearance. It also has a red stripe down , the middle of the back, widening into projections at three intervals. When disturbed it "plays 'possum," folding up its legs and antennae and feigning death.
Prof. J. B. Smith says: "The Buffalo Moth lives during the winter under scales of bark, in crevices and wherever else it can find shelter. It is the beetle that lives over, of course, and in the spring it congregates sometimes in great · numbers on blossoms, favoring those in gardens, and from them it finds its way into houses nearby. I do not think that I have ever found larvae in houses un- der ordinary circumstances in winter; but I am quite ready to believe that in places kept uniformly warm at all times, breeding may go on in winter as well as in summer."
We believe that only where carpets are extensively used are the conditions favorable for the great increase of the insect. Carpets when once put down are seldom taken up for a year, and in the meantime the insect develops uninter- ruptedly. Where polished floors and rugs are used, the pest ceases to be a serious one.
The beetles are day-fliers, and when not engaged in egg-laying are attracted to the light. They fly to the windows, and may often be found upon the sills
or panes. Where they can fly out through an open window they do so, and are strongly attracted to the flowers of certain plants, particularly the spiraea.
Remedies : There is no easy way to keep the carpet beetle in check. When it has once taken possession of a house nothing but the most thorough and long- continued measures will eradicate it. The practice of annual carpet-cleaning, so often carelessly and hurriedly per- formed, is, as we have shown above, peculiarly favorable to the development of. the insect. Two carpet-cleanings would be better than one, and if but one, it would be better to undertake it in mid- summer than at any other time of the year.
Where convenience or conservatism demands an adherence to the old house- cleaning custom, however, insist upon extreme thoroughness and a slight varia- tion in the customary methods. The rooms should be attended to one or two at a time. The carpets should be taken up, thoroughly beaten, and sprayed out- of-doors with benzine, and allowed to air for several hours. The rooms them- selves should be thoroughly swept and dusted, the floors washed down with hot water, the cracks carefully cleaned out, and gasoline or benzine poured into the cracks and sprayed under the base- boards. The extreme inflammability of gasoline, and of its vapor when con- fined, should be remembered and fire carefully guarded against.
Where the floors are poorly con- structed and the cracks are wide, it will be a good idea to fill the cracks with plaster of Paris in a liquid state; this will afterward set and lessen the num- ber of harboring places for the insect. Before relaying the carpet, tarred roof- ing paper should be laid upon the floor, at least around the edges, but preferably over the entire surface; and when the carpet is relaid it will be well to tack it down rather lightly, so that it can be occasionally lifted at the edges and ex- amined for the presence of the insect. Later in the season, if such an examina- tion shows the insect to have made its appearance, a good though somewhat la- borious remedy consists in laying a damp cloth smoothly over the suspected spot of the carpet and ironing it with a hot iron. The steam thus generated will pass through the carpet and kill the in- sects immediately beneath it.
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Weevils
Grain infested with weevils loses in weight, is undesirable for seed, and is unfit for human consumption. Nor is such grain good feed for livestock. Mil- lions of dollars are lost each year, sim- ply because many farmers do not under- stand how to deal with the weevils.
The mature Granary Weevil is only about one-sixth of an inch in length, and the color is a shining chestnut brown. This species is unable to fly; but it doesn't worry on that account. No, indeed! For it easily makes up, in grain-puncturing and egg-laying power, all that it lacks in wing power.
The female Granary Weevil attacks all kinds of grain, but prefers that which is husked. After puncturing the grain she inserts an egg; this hatches into a larva that devours the mealy interior. This egg-laying process is continued for an extended period, and in a single sea- son one pair of weevils will, it is esti- mated, produce 6000 descendants !
The Angoumois Grain Moth came to this country from France, nearly two hundred years ago. The color is light grayish brown, lined and spotted with black. This insect is very apt to deposit its eggs in unthreshed grain in stack or mow. Where the moths appear in force it is wise to thresh the grain quickly and hurry it to the mill, rather than attempt to store it.
Now for general remedies. Careful attention to the following preventive measures may bring partial relief :
First : Never store fresh grain in bins or granaries (or even under the same roof) where there is, or has been, wee- viled grain. Before using such storage places remove all old grain and thor- oughly scrub, clean and fumigate the bins, using bisulphide of carbon.
Second: Remember that damp, warm bins foster the rapid increase of insect life. Endeavor to have the granary cool and dry.
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