History of Berrien and Van Buren counties, Michigan. With biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers, Part 106

Author: D.W. Ensign & Co. pub; Ellis, Franklin, 1828-1885; Johnson, Crisfield
Publication date: 1880
Publisher: Philadelphia, D. W. Ensign & Co.
Number of Pages: 821


USA > Michigan > Van Buren County > History of Berrien and Van Buren counties, Michigan. With biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 106
USA > Michigan > Berrien County > History of Berrien and Van Buren counties, Michigan. With biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 106


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14th of August, 1872, Mr. Brown was married to Mrs. McCrary, a native of Indiana. Her parents were born in the State of New York. In politics, Mr. Brown was a Republican, and, with his wife, belonged to the Methodist Episcopal Church. His mother died in Bangor, Feb. 1, 1872. By his integrity as a man and his habits of in- dustry and economy, Mr. Brown achieved his success in life. He held several of the offices in his township, and departed this life Feb. 2, 1880.


J. G. MILLER.


John and Fannie Miller were among the pioneers of the State of Michigan, having settled here before it was ad- mitted as a State. They were natives of New York, were married there, and made a permanent settlement in Monroe Co., Mich., in 1831. Their children were as follows : L. B., born in New York ; J. G., Cynthia S., L. C., John


PHOTOS, RY NORTHUP


O. S. BROWN.


MRS. O. S. BROWN.


RESIDENCE OF ORLANDO S. BROWN, BANGOR, VANBUREN CO., MICH.


1


421


TOWNSHIP OF BLOOMINGDALE.


F., Fannie, and Sophia J., born in Michigan. The chil- dren are all living but two,-Cynthia S. and Sophia J. L. B., John F., and Fannie are still residents of Monroe County ; L. C. has made his home in Bangor.


J. G. Miller was born in 1833, and was reared sur- rounded by the impediments and difficulties usually at- tending the settlement of a new country. Losing his mother when only thirteen years of age, necessity compelled him to depend upon his own efforts for a livelihood, and he began his career under adverse circumstances. Real- izing the advantages even of a limited education, he made a manly effort to secure one, and engaged for two winters in sawing wood, this affording him the opportunity of attending school. He afterwards worked two years, re- ceiving as compensation three dollars per month, which enabled him to clothe himself and also to render assistance to his sisters. The following year his salary was doubled, and he then passed seven summers as an employee on the Wabash and Miami Canal, where he made his first one hundred dollars. Finding employment during a portion only of the last three years, he invested his money in a thrash- ing-machine and a horse, Esquire Thomas McManus, of Monroe County, becoming his indorser, as Mr. Miller was compelled to incur some indebtedness. In this business he remained until 1856, when he leased an uncle's farm. Cynthia and Lovisa superintended the internal arrange- ments of the household, Cynthia teaching a portion of the time, and here several members of the family were able to attend school. In 1858 he arrived with a team and wagon in Bangor, which he exchanged for forty acres of land. He immediately returned, securing a situation in a brick- yard. In the fall he purchased a horse and buggy and drove to Bangor, where he purchased the farm now owned by him, and of which a view appears in this work, giving in payment one hundred dollars, his first purchase of forty acres, and his horse and buggy. In 1860 he followed his trade, that of carpenter and joiner, and worked in a saw- mill as an employee of J. H. Nyman. In the spring of 1861 he returned to his trade, working at it until Sept. 25, 1861, when he united in marriage with Miss Eveline Wat- kins. They began their married life with a farm paid for and thirty dollars in cash.


Thomas Watkins, the father of Mrs. Miller, was born near Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1802. He married there, and moved to Mount Vernon, Ohio, where John and William were born. He lost his first wife in Mount Vernon, and afterwards married Miss Katie Spaughn. Mrs. Miller was born at Mount Vernon, Ohio, in 1836. James and Levi were also born there. Katie, Mrs. Miller's mother, died in Hancock Co., Ohio, to which place they removed in 1857. Mr. Watkins then married Melvina Litrick. The names of his last children are Henry, Martin, Francis, Martha Jane, Charles, and Jackson, who, with the exception of one who died in Ohio, are still living.


After Mr. and Mrs. Miller's marriage they passed eleven years on the farm, where three children were born, viz., Ida, July 10, 1862, died in 1872; Omar, Sept. 6, 1865 ; John J., Dec. 26, 1869.


Mr. Miller having achieved success in farming, and having acquired the necessary means, engaged in business


in the village of Bangor in 1872, having built a store in 1871. He commenced with a partner, whose interest he purchased in February, 1875. The village had been con- tinually increasing in population, and the surrounding country been rapidly developed. Mr. Miller recognized the importance of having a public hall. The Opera House, of which a view is given, is the result. It is a building forty- four by ninety-four feet, with a seating capacity of five hundred. The hall is on the second floor, and Mr. Miller occupies a portion of the first floor as a hardware-store, renting the remainder.


Mr. Miller's career was begun as a poor boy. By energy and perseverance, united with economy and good business qualifications, he has secured a competency, and is now liv- ing in the enjoyment of the comforts and luxuries wealth affords. The records show him to be one of the heaviest tax-payers in his school district and township. Politically, he is a Democrat.


CHAPTER LV.


BLOOMINGDALE TOWNSHIP .*


Boundaries, Soil, and Waters-First and other Early Settlements- Civil History-Bloomingdale Village-Gobleville- Berlamont- Anderson's Mills-Township Public Schools.


BOUNDARIES, SOIL, AND WATERS.


UPON the northern border of the county of Van Buren, with Pine Grove on the east, Waverly on the south, Colum- bia on the west, and Allegan County on the north, is situ- ated the township of Bloomingdale.


It comprises the territory designated in the United States survey as township No. 1 south, of range No. 14 west, which, with the present township of Pine Grove, was organ- ized as Bloomingdale in 1845. The surface is rolling, and originally was heavily timbered with pine, hemlock. and the many varieties of deciduous forest-trees indigenous to this latitude. Pine largely predominated in the northern part, yet it was found to a considerable extent in many other portions.


The soil is a sandy and clay loam, fertile and well adapted to the culture of fruits and the cereals. In the quality and extent of its productions Bloomingdale takes a front rank among the northern tier of townships.


Some twenty-two small lakes dot its surface, embracing a total area of about 1000 acres. Those dignified with names on the map are Great Bear (which also extends into Columbia township), Muskrat, Sweet, Twin, Three-Legged, Mud, Lake-Mill, Max, Little Brandywine, Thayer, and Smith's.


As forming outlets and inlets to the lakes mentioned numerous unimportant streams are observed.


The people are chiefly devoted to the pursuits of agri- culture, and the State census of 1874 returned a total of 1690 inhabitants.


FIRST AND OTHER EARLY SETTLEMENTS.


During the bleak, cold days of December, 1837, the first settlement was made in this township by the brothers Mal-


* By John S. Schenck.


422


HISTORY OF VAN BUREN COUNTY, MICHIGAN.


lory H., William H. H., Reuben J., and Merlin M. Myers, accompanied by their mother and sisters, Sarah O. and Ruth Ann.


The Myers were natives of Oneida Co., N. Y., where their father died in 1826. In later years they removed to the town of Bergen, Genesee Co., N. Y. Here the widow's children had nearly all reached the estate of manhood and womanhood ere a removal was contemplated to the new State of Michigan.


In the spring of 1836 the brothers Mallory H. and William H. H. started out on foot and walked the entire distance from Genesee Co., N. Y., via Canada to this State.


For six months Mallory worked in Monroe County, and during the same time William in White Pigeon. The latter then returned to the State of New York, and brought out with him the remainder of the family, all being estab- lished at White Pigeon in the fall of 1836.


One year later they decided to settle permanently upon section 36, in this township, and here, as previously men- tioned, they arrived amid the snows and wintry blasts of December 22d, with no shelter awaiting them other than that afforded by the tall monarchs of the forest.


The frozen earth-after snow one foot in depth had been melted away by a rousing fire-afforded them a resting- place the first night. The next day a rude cabin was built, which was followed soon after by a substantial log house, 14 by 33 feet in dimensions, which, with no floors, was roofed after the primitive manner,-with wooden troughs. Thus situated, their nearest neighbors seven miles distant, -at Breedsville and Paw Paw,-this family passed their first winter. Yet they were not idle. Slashings were made preparatory for crops the coming spring season, and con- siderable quantities of shingles were manufactured for the Paw Paw and White Pigeon markets. This latter branch of industry added materially to the exchequer of this family, as well as of all other settlers, during the first and second decades of their residence.


Mallory H. Myers, the eldest of this family of brothers, was twenty-three years old at the time of his settlement in this township. He was one of the first officers in the old township of Clinch, also of Waverly, and in 1845 was the first supervisor chosen in Bloomingdale. He now resides in the small village of Berlamont.


William H. H. Myers taught the first school, in the win- ter of 1838 and 1839. In later years he became a minister of the Free- Will Baptist Church. He died in 1865.


In the spring of 1838, Ashbel Herron, from Cayuga Co., N. Y., and Daniel G. Robinson, from Ohio, settled near the Myers', while Joseph S. Peck located in the extreme north- west corner of the township, on section 6. Mr. Peck's locality was for years known as "Pecktown," his early neighbors being Melvin Hogmire, Horace Humphrey, and Peter Smith.


Joseph Brotherton, from Cayuga Co., N. Y., settled upon section 34 in the fall of 1838.


During this year a school-house was built upon section 36, and the first marriage took place. The contracting parties-James Scott, of Decatur, and Miss Ruth Ann Myers, of the Myers settlement in Clinch-were married at the house of M. H. Myers, by Elder Warner.


Orlando H. Newcomb, who had previously lived in Al- mena, settled on section 36 in 1839.


Among other events of this year was the preaching of the first sermon, by Noah D. Sweet, Sunday, Aug. 11, 1839 (the services were held in the school-house) ; the burial of William Brownell, a young shingle-maker, who was the first person to depart this life in the new settlement. In December occurred the first birth. The child enjoying this distinction is now known as John Wesley Herron, of the village of Gobleville. Elder Warner also preached in the school-house during the fall of 1839. The same year two of the settlers' houses took fire in a mysterious manner and were burned with all their contents. Suspicion rested upon the Indians, who still frequented the country in con- siderable numbers ; but they were finally dispelled by the uniformly friendly manner and general good conduct of the aborigines.


The following list of resident tax-payers of the old town- ship of Clinch, made in the summer of 1839, will be of interest to early settlers, as well as to the general reader, for it proves conclusively just who the residents were at that time in the present townships of Almena, Waverly, Bloom- ingdale, and Pine Grove: John A. Ranney, Joseph Dero- sier, Asa Crofoot, Luther Howe, F. C. Annable, Blakely Barnes, Horace Bonfoey, A. S. Downing, Samuel Turner, Ruhama Barnum, Henry Barnum, Freeman Hall, Bolivar Barnum, H. P. Barnum, C. D. Grimes, S. Grimes, Junia Warner, Jr., Willard Newcomb, Amon Covey, D. Critten den, Benjamin Fink, W. Hurlbut, Morrill, Brown & Co., Levi Libbey, R. Bell, Nathaniel Livermore, Ashbel Herron, Mallory H. Myers, Reuben J. Myers, William H. H. Myers, Joseph Brotherton, Daniel G. Robinson, Joseph Peck, Joseph Williams, and John Condron. These residents then paid taxes to the amount of $185.97.


Harviland Thayer, a native of New Hampshire, who afterwards became one of the prominent men in this town- ship, came here first in the fall of 1839, and purchasing lands situated on section 34, partly completed a dwelling- house thereon. He was then residing in White Pigeon, whither he had removed from Cayuga Co., N. Y., in 1836. On the 3d of March, 1840, his family arrived here in the woods and began improvements, in the near vicinity of which many descendants still live.


Other settlers of 1840 were Alanson Todd, on section 24 ; Ira S. Frary, on section 25 ; and N. Kennedy, on section 15. Dennis E. Whelan settled in 1842.


Henry Mower, who was born in the town of Woodstock, Windsor Co., Vt., removed from the latter State to Herki- mer Co., N. Y., in 1829, from thence to St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., in 1830, and to Kalamazoo, Mich., in 1832. In Kalamazoo he entered the lands where are now situated the fair-grounds. From 1832 to 1843 he traversed on foot over the greater portion of Southern Michigan, while acting as guide to " land-lookers" and in the employ of Theodore Sheldon. He finally, in 1843, purchased land and settled where he now resides in this township.


He was present at the first township election, in 1845, and was elected township clerk in 1846, an office which he continued to hold during the succeeding nine years. In' 1849 he served as supervisor. Though chilled by the snows


OLD HOME BUILT 78.51


MRS. H.H.HOWARD.


H.H. HOWARD.


RESIDENCE OF H. H. HOWARD, BLOOMINGDALE, VAN BUREN CO., MICHIGAN.


.


पूरे


423


TOWNSHIP OF BLOOMINGDALE.


of nearly eighty winters, Mr. Mower is still the possessor of good mental faculties and much physical vigor, and to him are we indebted for many facts concerning the early history of this and neighboring townships.


Thomas Hodgson, another active pioneer, settled on sec- tion 30 in 1844.


The township of Bloomingdale was formed in 1845. The 22 persons returned upon the assessment-roll of that year as resident tax payers were :


Sec.


Sec.


Ashbel Herron .. 36


Daniel G. Robinson. 25


William H. H. Myers. 35


Peter T. Valleau. 13, 24


Joseph Brotherton. 34


Alanson Todd 24


Harviland Thayer 34


Ira S. Frary 25


Thomas Hodgson ..


30


Robert Moon. 24


Dennis E. Whelan


25


Henry Mower 23


Mallory H. Myers 36


Elisha C. Cox


5


Levi W. Thayer 35


L. Jackson Lacy 4,


David Loveland 35


Melvin Hogmire


6


H. T. Houghton ... Personal


Joseph Peck 6


Burroughs Abbott


25


Daniel G. Robinson & Co. 16 Orlando H. Newcomb. 36


Additional tax-paying residents in 1846 were Reuben H. Ward, Jonathan Goodell, William L. Houghton, William H. Story, Alson A. Greaves, township treasurer, John Wait, Josiah Sweet, Daniel Jewell, and Henry Whelpley. The latter, as a boy, was one of the first settlers, coming here and working in the Myers settlement in 1838.


An early saw-mill ( water-power) was erected by Daniel G. Robinson & Co., upon section 16, in 1848. Messrs. Myers & Newcomb built the first steam-mill, about three years later. John Hudson built the first grist-mill, in 1866. It was burned two or three years afterwards.


Here, as in other newly-settled regions, all the early settlers kept open house for the entertainment of weary and belated travelers. When ill, and previous to the coming of Dr. Barber, they were attended by Dr. Andrews, of Paw Paw.


Samuel Lane, at present a prominent resident of the vil- lage of Bloomingdale, removed from Monroe Co., N. Y., to Cheshire, then Trowbridge, Allegan Co., Mich., in the spring of 1845. He purchased 80 acres of land from the government, built a log dwelling, and became the third settler in that township. In 1848 he settled upon the Cox farm, section 5. About the year 1866 he sold the farm, and removing to the village of Bloomingdale, became one of its early merchants, also the first hotel proprietor. Among other quite early settlers were Harrison Cooley, Isaac L. Knapp, John Barnard, Truman B. Dougal, Henry W. Du- rand, Zenas L. Chase, Chester Barber, William J. Merwin, O. M. Bessey, Rufus M. Brown, Arch. W. Bishop, Alex- ander Miller, Christian Spicher, Shadrach S. Austin, Harvey H. Howard, Matthew Munn, E. Baughman, the Haven brothers, and Henry Killefer.


Augustus Haven, from Portage Co., Ohio, in the spring of 1854 settled one mile west of the present village of Bloomingdale. There were then about 40 voters in the township, and Paw Paw was the nearest post-office station. The only framed dwellings were in the Myers and Herron settlement, and the Methodists-the only religious organi- zation-held meetings in Joseph Peck's barn. Since his settlement here, as a farmer, merchant, and township official, Mr. Haven has been prominently identified with the varied interests of the township. In 1860, with a herd of 20


cows, he first began the manufacture of cheese. His cows were gradually increased to 40 in number. In 1870 he be- gan using the milk of his neighbors' cows, and in 1873 cheese was made from the milk of 200 cows. Since 1877 his brother Warren has continued the business with success, yet Mr. A. Haven still manufactures individually from a herd of 30 cows.


In wealth, numerical strength, and the embellishment of their homes, great strides have been taken by the people of Bloomingdale since the completion of the railroad, in 1870. In its course through the township the line of the Kalama- zoo and South Haven Railroad traverses sections 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, and 25, and from the stations of Goble- ville (on the east border), Bloomingdale (near the centre), and Berlamont (on the west border), the residents are afforded ample facilities for travel and the shipment of freight.


CIVIL HISTORY.


The territory embraced within the limits of this town- ship, with Almena, Waverly, and Pine Grove, formed the old township of Clinch. It became Waverly in 1842, Bloomingdale in 1845, and by the erection of Pine Grove, in 1849, assumed its present proportions.


During a fire which occurred in the village of Blooming- dale, Aug. 23, 1878, the township records were completely destroyed, and it is now a matter of impossibility to ever compile a complete list of the township officers.


We learn from early residents, however, that the first township election was held at the house of L. Jackson Lacy, in April, 1845, and 17 votes were polled.


From records on file in the county clerk's office we find that the first officers elected were as follows: Mallory H. Myers, Supervisor ; H. T. Houghton, Township Clerk ; Ashbel Herron, Treasurer ; Harviland Thayer, Orlando H. Newcomb, Assessors ; Mallory H. Myers, Joseph Brother- ton, Orlando H. Newcomb, Highway Commissioners ; Wil- liam H. H. Myers, Dennis E. Whelan, School Inspectors ; Ashbel Herron, L. Jackson Lacy, Overseers of the Poor; Ira S. Frary, William H. H. Myers, Justices of the Peace.


Subsequent supervisors and justices of the peace elected, as shown by the same source of information,-i.e., county records, -were as follows :


SUPERVISORS.


1846, Elisha C. Cox; 1847, L. Jackson Lacy; 1848, Harviland Thayer; 1849, Henry Mower; 1850-53, Ashbel Herron ; 1854- 55, Harrison Cooley ; 1856, Isaac L. Knapp; 1857, Harrison Cooley ; 1858, Ashbel Herron; 1859-60, Harrison Cooley ; 1861- 62, Harvey H. Howard ; 1863-66, Henry Killefer; 1867-68, Tim- othy Cooley ; 1869, Pliny Wait; 1870-71, Augustus Haven; 1872-77, Harvey H. Howard ; 1878-79, James M. Robertson.


JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.


1846, L. Jackson Lacy, Ashbel Herron; 1847, John Barnard ; 1848, L. Jackson Lacy, Harviland Thayer ; 1849, Daniel G. Robinson, Reuben Ward, Truman B. Dougal; 1850, Ashbel Herron, John Wait; 1851, Henry W. Durand; 1852, Zenas L. Chase; 1853, Chester Barber, Zenas L. Chase ; 1854, Harvey H. Howard, Wm. J. Merwin, O. W. Bessey; 1855, Rufus M. Brown; 1856, John Wait; 1857, Archibald W. Bishop, Alexander Miller, Christian Spicher ; 1858, Zenas L. Chase, Shadrach S. Austin ; 1859, Rufus M. Brown; 1860, Thomas Hodgson, Henry A. Effner ; 1861, Archibald W. Bishop; 1862, Ingraham Eaton ; 1863, Rufus M. Brown ; 1864, Thomas Hodgson, Casper Dunham ; 1865, Archi- bald W. Bishop; 1866, Egbert Cooley; 1867-72, no record; 1873,


424


HISTORY OF VAN BUREN COUNTY, MICHIGAN.


J. G. Lockard, James L. Clement; 1874, Marshall Ferguson, David H. Smith; 1875, Warren Haven, Egbert Cooley, H. H. Howard; 1876, Hiram E. Goble; 1877, Philiman Bush, John N. Herron ; 1878, Oscar L. Millspaugh, Calvin J. Baughman ; 1879, Hyman H. Shaw.


The total number of votes polled in 1878 was 384.


In 1879, 345 votes were cast, and the following (present) township officers elected, viz. : James M. Robertson, Super- visor ; William Killefer, Township Clerk ; Fitz E. Adams, Treasurer ; Horace M. Stout, Township Superintendent of Schools ; John M. Baxter, Highway Commissioner ; Hyman H. Shaw, Justice of the Peace; Samuel Lane, Lewis W. Vaughn, Benjamin C. Stout, John W. Gilson, Constables.


BLOOMINGDALE VILLAGE.


The village of Bloomingdale, situated west of the geo- graphical centre of the township, is a station on the line of the Kalamazoo and South Haven branch of the Michigan Central Railroad.


It was platted by William Killefer and Lucius B. Ken- dall, May 23, 1870, the original plat embracing portions of sections 16 and 17.


An addition was made by George W. Haven, Sept. 15, 1870.


As a commercial centre it is the most important point between Kalamazoo and South Haven.


It contains three stores of general merchandise, two hard- ware-stores, one drug- and grocery-store, two church edifices (Baptist and Christian), Masonic and Odd-Fellows' lodges, one hotel, one graded school, two medical offices, several small mechanical shops, and about 300 inhabitants.


The first settler upon its site was Henry Killefer. About 1854, Davis Haven, of Portage Co., Ohio, purchased 160 acres in the vicinity of the present village, and soon after the entire north half of section 17. As an inducement for Mr. Killefer to settle here, he-Mr. Haven-gave him one acre of land, now embraced within the depot grounds. In the fall of 1857, Mr. Killefer came on from Putnam Co., Ohio, and erecting a small building, now a portion of the hotel, established his family in the second story, while he opened a small stock of boots, shoes, and groceries in the first. This was the first house erected on the village-site, although William J. Merwin and Rufus M. Brown were then living on the hill, about eighty rods east of the same.


Shortly after his settlement Mr. Killefer received the appointment of postmaster, and held the office until 1862. J. P. Howard was then appointed, and continued as post- master to 1866. He was succeeded by William Killefer, who held it two years. In 1868, J. E. Rankin received the appointment, and in 1871 was succeeded by John Kil- lefer, the present incumbent.


After occupying his first building three years, Mr. Kil- lefer erected the building now owned by his son John. Some two or three years later he sold it to Barber & Lane, and built the store which, in December, 1868, with J. P. Howard's store and Barber Brothers' drug-store, was burned. The building now owned by Augustus Haven was erected by Mr. Killefer in 1869.


About 1860, Messrs. Merwin & Brown opened a store near their residence on the hill, previously mentioned.


Prior to 1869, Messrs. Barber & Lane established a mer- cantile business, which, until the near completion of the railroad, comprised, with those already named, the business men of the village.


The first passenger train on the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad arrived at the village July 4, 1870.


Augustus Haven then owned the one acre first settled upon by Mr. Killefer, having paid therefor $800. Samuel Lane became owner of the original Killefer building, and removed it to the present hotel site. He built an addition to it, and first opened the present hotel.


A. W. Torrey set up the first steam saw-mill-a portable one-in the fall of 1870. It was removed to Bangor in 1878. Mr. Killefer built the present saw-mill in 1871.


Dr. L. A. Barber was the first physician. He had prac- ticed previously while residing one mile west of the village. Drs. C. W. Morse and H. R. Bulson have also lived and practiced here. The present physicians are Drs. Barber and William B. Anderson.


VILLAGE CHURCHES.


The First Methodist Episcopal Society* in Bloomingdale was organized in the winter of 1856, by Rev. Mr. Corey, assisted by Rev. H. Caldwell, a junior preacher with him on the circuit, the society being in the Black River charge of the Kalamazoo district, Rev. I. Cogshall, presiding elder. The names of the original members were A. Miller, Class- Leader; W. C. Wait, Steward; F. Miller, J. A. Wait, H. E. Miller, E. Caughey, William J. Merwin, T. Merwin, L. Cook, M. Cook, and M. S. Miller.


They belonged to various charges, and part of the time were in the Niles district. In 1874, when Rev. Mr. Van Fossen was sent to them, they became a separate charge and head of a circuit, and have since built a parsonage valued at $600.


The following pastors have officiated here since 1856. Their names may not be arranged correctly in the order of their succession, but are nearly so, viz. : Revs. Mr. Penland, T. T. George, W. I. Blowers, J. Hoyt, G. W. Tuthill, C. H. Fisher, J. R. Berry, D. C. Woodard, W. C. Maffatt, G. W. Goslin, J. S. Valentine, A. W. Torrey, - Van Fossen, J. F. Orwick, G. Daniels, A. E. Tanner, F. N. Jaynes, and C. H. Fisher again in 1879.




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