History of Berrien and Van Buren counties, Michigan. With biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers, Part 80

Author: D.W. Ensign & Co. pub; Ellis, Franklin, 1828-1885; Johnson, Crisfield
Publication date: 1880
Publisher: Philadelphia, D. W. Ensign & Co.
Number of Pages: 821

USA > Michigan > Van Buren County > History of Berrien and Van Buren counties, Michigan. With biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 80
USA > Michigan > Berrien County > History of Berrien and Van Buren counties, Michigan. With biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 80

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

* Another account says the place was called Newburyport, from the town of that name in Massachusetts.

Considerable attention was early paid by the Council to the improvement of the streets of the village, the establishment of ferries on the river, and the building of a bridge across the same. In February, 1836, a meeting of the citizens was held, and a resolution passed that the corporation loan $10,000 to build a bridge across the St. Joseph River, on the old ferry road, and another near the mouth of the Paw Paw; both to be free from toll. The same year, Thomas Fitzgerald, Benjamin C. Hoyt, and Fowler Preston were ap- pointed a committee to establish a ferry on the St. Joseph, so that the increasing travel might be accommodated.

In March, 1837, the Council established rates of ferriage as follows :

For a wagon or carriage and over two oxen or horses .. $0.62} For a wagon or carriage, one or two oxen or horses ... .37}

For a man and horse. .25

For a single horse, ox, or cow .12}

For a person on foot, etc .. .12}

Below is given a list of persons liable to pay State tax in the township of St. Joseph for the year 1837, dated Jan. 2, 1837 :+ James Dalton, John H. Harris, Eleazer Morton, John P. Davis, William McKaleb, Axtell & Chauncey, James H. Enos, tavern-keepers ; Matthew Cavanagh & Co., William Haff, Dudley & Holloway, John F. Porter, John Wittenmeyer, A. S. Amsden, Stewart & Sawyer, Sullivan & Fish, Samuel Pottle, merchants ; John F. Porter & Co., John Griffith & Co., forwarding and commission merchants ; Daniel Olds & Co., Parsons, Lathrop & Butler, John Wit- tenmeyer, grocers.

In 1839 the bridge across the St. Joseph River was com- pleted, but there was an indebtedness of $4000 on it. It was a toll-bridge. The builders, Messrs. Stewart, Sawyer & Co., were to have the use of the bridge for a term of fourteen years, and to charge the tolls before given, pro- vided that the corporation might at any time assume the bridge by paying a fair proportion of its cost. The village has long enjoyed free bridges, and its streets compare favor- ably with those of other villages in this part of the State.

The Council also adopted precautionary measures against fires, and, in 1835, enacted ordinances for the protection of property against fire. Three years later, a reservoir twelve feet square was constructed on the corner of Ship and State Streets, and buckets and ladders were provided. On the 21st of March, 1867, the Legislature empowered the village by a special act to borrow money, in sums not ex- ceeding $10,000, and to issue the bonds of the corporation to pay the same, to purchase a fire-engine and equipments, to build an engine-house, and to construct reservoirs.

The purposes of this act were not immediately realized, but, in April, 1870, the Common Council accepted Hose Company No. 1, which had been formed with 19 members, and Neptune Fire Company, No. 2, which numbered 35 members. Of the latter company, D. W. Porter was the foreman, and W. A. Preston the treasurer. In 1876 both companies were disbanded. In 1877 the occurrence of two destructive fires caused the Council to provide for better fire-apparatus, and the formation of new companies. St. Joseph Fire Company, No. 1, was approved by the Council

t At the time the list was made out St. Joseph embraced Benton and Bainbridge. In the spring of that year Benton and Bainbridge were set off as separate townships.

DR. LYMAN COLLINS.

RESIDENCE OF DR. LYMAN COLLINS, ST. JOSEPH, BERRIEN CO., MICH.

317

TOWNSHIP OF ST. JOSEPH.

July 28, 1877. It had originally 52 members, and at present has about 60. T. T. Ransom, Chief Engineer ; C. C. Sweet, First Assistant ; E. B. Perkins, Second Assistant ; G. W. Platt, Captain of the Hose Company.

Since 1877 the corporation has owned a No. 3 Silsby steam fire-engine, a hose-cart with 1000 feet of rubber and 300 feet of leather hose. Four reservoirs, holding 20,000 gallons each, have lately been constructed at conve- nient points in the village, and the entire outlay for protec- tion against fire since 1877 has been nearly $4000. The apparatus is housed in a small building near the City Hall. The latter was donated to the village authorities by the school board, in July, 1871, for the above purpose, and was formerly the school-house in the upper part of the village. It has been fitted up to contain the necessary village offices, and affords a large room for general meetings.

In 1878 the receipts of the village from liquor licenses were $1646.09 ; and from all other sources $1158.01. The total disbursements were $2777.67. At present the finances of the village are in a healthy condition, the entire debt being less than $100.

The principal officers in 1879 were the following : Presi- dent, A. K. Webster ; Recorder, Hiram W. Ray ; Treas- urer, Edward D. Schnader; Trustees, Daniel Chapman, Abel W. Wells, Montgomery Shepard, James Forbes, Henry Grimm.

From 1834 to 1879 the officers were as follows :

PRESIDENTS.

1834, Thomas Fitzgerald ; 1835, Calvin Britain ; 1836, Thomas Con- ger ; 1837-41, John F. Porter ; 1842, Thomas Fitzgerald; 1843- 44, Calvin Britain ; 1845, Talman Wheeler; 1846-47, Thomas Fitzgerald ; 1848-49, Talman Wheeler ; 1850, William M. Liston ; 1851-53, B. C. Hoyt; 1854-55, J. W. Brewer; 1856-57, B. C. Hoyt; 1858, F. I. Parks; 1859, B. C. Hoyt; 1860-61, Oliver Stevens; 1862, B. M. Springstein ; 1863, Oliver Stevens; 1864- 65, Warren Chapman ; 1866, Edward Kinsgley; 1867, O. W. Oviatt; 1868, R. B. Duncan ; 1869, J. H. Donaldson ; 1870, O. W. Oviatt; 1871, J. J. Pearl ; 1872, A. E. Perkins ; 1873, Edward Pulver ; 1874, A. E. Perkins; 1875, A. H. Morrison; 1876, A. E. Perkins; 1877, A. K. Webster; 1878, George E. Smith ; 1879, A. K. Webster.

RECORDERS.

1834, B. C. Hoyt; 1835, Thomas Conger; 1836, James Randles; 1837- 41, Charles A. Morton ; 1842-43, J. N. Rogers; 1844, W. H. Sullivan ; 1845, W. C. Hammell; 1846-47, Dexter Straight; 1848-52, A. P. Stinson ; 1853, Damon A. Winslow ; 1854, J. H. Sutherland; 1855-58, H. W. Guernsey ; 1859-62, J. W. Brewer; 1863, A. P. Stinson ; 1864-69, J. W. Brewer ; 1870, Hiram Brown ; 1871-75, J. W. Brewer; 1876-78, H. C. Rockwell; 1879, Hiram W. Ray.

MARSHALS.

1834, Fowler Preston ; 1835, J. Wittenmeyer ; 1836, A. M. Brownell; 1837, William M. Stewart; 1838, Bill Jones; 1839-43, Fowler Preston ; 1844, J. Fitzgerald; 1845, Robert Wilson; 1846, W. Chapman ; 1847, William Bradford ; 1848-53, D. O. Ramsay ; 1854-55, William Bradford; 1856-57, E. Kingsley ; 1858, W. J. Boice; 1859, E. Kingsley; 1860, A. J. Barlight; 1861, D. Nicholson ; 1862-64, Conrad Noate; 1865-66, T. H. Botham ; 1867, Conrad Noate; 1868-70, N. H. Terry ; 1871, S. Hannum ; 1872, L. M. Alas; 1873, Daniel Loftus ; 1874, J. J. Pearl; 1875, C. Rigney ; 1876, J. J. Pearl; 1877, C. Rigney; 1878, John Slattery ; 1879, Samuel Hannum.

GENERAL COMMERCE.

The commerce of St. Joseph has been an important ele- ment in promoting its early growth, and received the pro-

tection of the government soon after the village was founded. In the latter part of 1831 a lighthouse was commenced opposite where the mouth of the river then was, and in front of the present lighthouse. A. P. Stinson was one of the early keepers of the light. The present lighthouse, built after the model so common on the great lakes,-a combined tower and keeper's house,-was erected in 1859. The light is elevated about ninety feet above the surface of the lake, and can be seen about ten miles away. For many years John M. Enos was the keeper of this lighthouse, and since his death it has been in charge of his widow.

The mouth of the river was formerly narrow, and more or less obstructed with sand. It was very difficult to enter the harbor, if the wind blew from the north or west, and many lives were lost in such attempts. On ac- count of the shoal water the heavier vessels were obliged to anchor outside, where they were unloaded by means of lighters. In 1836 the government commenced the im- provement of the harbor. The workmen located them- selves on the sand-banks on the north side of the present harbor, and began building the north pier. This had the effect of directing attention to that locality as the possible site of a village, and as the speculative spirit was then rife, Messrs. Gurdon S. Hubbard & Co., capitalists from the East, secured the tract of land lying between the Paw Paw River and the lake, which they laid out into lots, calling the place North St. Joseph. At that time some of the sand-hills were sixty feet high, and from $15,000 to $18,000 was expended in reducing them to a grade, building docks, and making other improvements. The plat contemplated a place of large proportions; and for the accommodation of the manufacturing interests of the embryo city a canal was projected from the Paw Paw to the lake, which was to be lined with factories. A warehouse and a few other build- ings were erected on the north side; but the location was unfavorable for a good business point, and it soon reverted to its original condition. On the south side real estate was held at fabulous prices by a few owners, whose avaricious policy prevented the village from making a substantial growth at a most favorable period. A large amount of capital which sought investment at St. Joseph was thus diverted to other points, and not until many years later did a more liberal policy prevail.

Since 1836 the harbor has been very much improved by extending the piers several hundred feet into the lake and dredging the bed of the river. A light has been placed on the farthermost point of the southern pier, and as there is about thirteen feet of water over the bar, the harbor is one of the best on the eastern shore of the lake.

About 1836 the river trade began to assume importance. At first, keel-boats and scows were employed to carry the exports from Niles, Berrien, and other points to the mouth of the river, but in 1832 the first attempt was made to navigate the St. Joseph by steam. A small craft, named, after the village, the " Newburyport," commanded by Capt. John F. Wight, proceeded up the river as far as Berrien, where she ran aground and was brought back to the village in a damaged condition. The following year E. P. Deacon and William McKaleb built a steamboat at St. Joseph, which they called the " Matilda Barney." Joseph Fish-

318

HISTORY OF BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN.

baugh, of Pittsburgh, was the carpenter, Philip B. Andrews, now of Chickaming, built the engine, and Leverett Plumb put it in and served as engineer the first season. Daniel T. Wilson was the captain of the boat. It plied about ten years between St. Joseph and Niles, and occasionally went to South Bend. It soon had a competitor for the river trade in the " Davy Crockett," which was brought to this port in 1834 by John Griffith & Co. In the spring of 1835, Benjamin Putnam took command of the "Davy Crockett," and in August of that year the boat ran upon a rock several miles above Berrien Springs, damaging it so badly that it had to be dismantled. The locality is yet known as " Crockett's Defeat." A little later the " Patronage" was built by Hull & Co., who used the machinery of the old " Davy Crockett." Capt. Hull was in command, and the boat ran a few seasons. About 1838 the " Pocahontas" was built by James Randall for Wheeler & Porter. It was an excellent boat, with an 80 horse-power engine, but could not be profitably used on account of its large size, and was withdrawn after several seasons. In 1843 the " Indiana" was launched at Constan- tine, and navigated the waters of the St. Joseph until 1848, when she was taken to Chicago as a tug-boat. Joseph W. Brewer was in command of this boat, which was one of the few that were able to make the trip from St. Joseph to Niles and return in a day. At the same time the " Algoma," Edward Smith commander, plied between Mishawaka and St. Joseph. The " Niles" was placed on the river about 1845, by Beeson & Co., of Niles, and was employed between that city and St. Joseph until about 1853.

From 1835 till 1848 the river trade was so large that not only the foregoing boats were employed, but also a number of keel-boats and small steamers. Among the latter were the "Mishawaka," the " John F. Porter," and the " Michigan."

In 1834 the first cargo of wheat was shipped from the port by Hiram Brown, of the firm of John Griffith & Co. In 1842 more wheat was shipped fromn St. Joseph than from Chicago, and the village was the second shipping port in the State, Detroit being the first. The following year, however, Chicago was the greater grain market, the ship- ments from that port being 688,907 bushels, while those of St. Joseph were only 418,114. After the railroad was built through the eastern part of the county, but little wheat was shipped from the port ; and as the merchants availed them- selves of the more speedy transportation, the entire shipping business on the St. Joseph and Paw Paw Rivers declined to so small an amount that only a few small boats were retained.

After 1850 the lumber trade became quite important, and many million feet were shipped from St. Joseph annu- ally. The country began to settle up about this period, and since the timber supply has been exhausted, the prin- cipal exports have been farm products, mechanical work, and fruit, the latter constituting the chief article. The river trade is carried on by a small steamer, which plies between St. Joseph and Berrien Springs, and several fine steamers and propellers sail daily between St. Joseph and Chicago. The first boat between these ports, the " Pioneer," went to pieces on the bar at St. Joseph in July, 1834.

Some years later Capt. Ward placed the " Huron" on the lake to make connection with a line of stages from the East, whereby the trip from Detroit to Chicago was made in thirty-six hours. Since that time there have been many vessels of good capacity and fine accommodations, and but few casualties have occurred which involved loss of life. The destruction of the " Hippocampus," in the fall of 1868, was one of the most disastrous. It was occasioned by her being overloaded (the cargo being composed of some 8000 baskets of peaches), and by leakage round her propeller shaft, which filled her after compartment, and caused her to go down, stern foremost.

At present the " Corona," one of the fine steamers belong- ing to the Goodrich Transportation Company, makes six trips per week between Chicago and St. Joseph, and other boats from the first-named place touch at St. Joseph daily.

In 1868, before Benton Harbor became a port, the num- ber of vessels which entered the harbor of St. Joseph was 892, and their tonnage 138,093; in 1878 the number of vessels was only 287, but the tonnage amounted to 101,534. For many years R. B. Duncan was the collector of the port, but in 1860 the custom-house was discontinued. Upon its re-establishment, in 1862, Hiram Brown was appointed col- lector, and still fills that position. In 1878 a United States life-saving station was located at St. Joseph! and provided with the most approved apparatus. A full crew is main- tained, in command of Captain Joseph A. Napier.

Amos B. Hinckley erected the first warehouse on the harbor at St. Joseph, in 1830, near where was afterwards the well-known " Checkered Warehouse." It was a small building, having only one room, and was built on a log foundation, laid up "cob-house" fashion. The " Yellow Warehouse" was also a prominent business place, and for many years a conspicuous landmark. There are at present at St. Joseph several thousand feet of dockage, and ware- house capacity sufficient for the business of the place.

The forwarding and commission firm of John Griffith & Co., which began business at St. Joseph in July, 1834, was one of the first in the place, and continued a number of years. Hiram Brown was the resident member of the firm. In a year or two John F. Porter & Co. became a contemporary forwarding firm, and at a little later period came Britain, Chester & Co., in the yellow warehouse. Subsequently Holt, Palmer & Co., whose business was managed by Otis Clapp, were forwarders at this place. R. C. Paine, Mathias Teatzel, and Wheeler & Porter were also prominent commission merchants and general forwarders. The latter firm was succeeded in 1850 by A. H. Morrison, who is still interested in this branch of business. H. M. Williams is also in the forwarding business.

GENERAL BUSINESS INTERESTS.

As early as 1785, William Burnett established a trading- post on the St. Joseph, in the upper part of the village, for traffic with the Indians. This was continued by himself, or son James, until 1829; and it is said that they amassed fortunes. In 1800 their exports of furs and peltries amounted to more than $100,000. In July, 1829, Benja- min C. Hoyt came to St. Joseph, and soon after established a trade which extended through forty years. Other early

MICHIGAN BASKET FACTORY, OF A.WELLS & CO

A,W WELLS. H.C, WARD,

THE MICHIGAN BASKET FACTORY OF A.W.WELLS & Co. ST. JOSEPH, MICH.

W.W. COOPER. JOHN HIGMAN,JR.

MANUFACTURERS OF BASKETS ANDFRUIT PACKAGES OF ALL KINDS.

319

TOWNSHIP OF ST. JOSEPH.

merchants were William Huff, Dudley & Holloway, John F. Porter, John Wittenmeyer, Amos S. Amsden, Stewart & Sanger, Samuel Potter, Daniel Olds, Lathrop & Butler, Sullivan & Fish, Daniel T. Wilson, R. B. Duncan, and Samuel R. Russell. Among the principal merchants since 1840 have been the following : James E. Stevens, J. E. & J. B. Sutherland, B. F. King, John Martin, F. A. Potter, C. C. Sweet, W. B. O. Sweet, Platt & Brother, Charles Stewart, J. Jacobson, James Forbes, T. T. Ransom, Z. Rice & Son, George E. Smith, John Yaw, H. M. Zekind, E. C. Palmer, E. D. Crane, John Leach, and M. & A. Shepard. Some of these are yet in trade, and the general mercantile houses of the village are large and well stocked. In the different branches of trade there are about fifty stores and shops.

Augustus B. Newell had the first public house in the place, in a log building at the foot of the hill. In 1831 he erected the " Mansion House," near the site of the present "St. Charles Hotel," and kept it several years. The "Mich- igan House" was the second hotel. It stood at the foot of the hill, on the west side of State Street, and was opened in 1834. The landlords in 1837 were Wm. McKaleb, Axtell & Chauncy, and James Dalton, the latter of whom was on the north side. In 1840 the present " Perkins House" was built and opened by William Huff. It is the oldest public house in the village. About 1867, B. C. Hoyt erected a very fine three-story brick hotel on the bluff near the harbor, which was known by his name until recently, when it received its present title,-the " Lake View House." In its appointments it is a fine house. On the opposite side of the street Charles Kreiger erected the fine four- story brick hotel-the " St. Charles"-a year after the Hoyt House. It was kept by him a few years, but is at present unoccupied. The " Park Hotel" was erected as a private residence by James E. Stevens, and was adapted to hotel purposes a few years ago by the present proprietor, Samuel Brown. Besides the foregoing, travelers are also well en- tertained at the "National Hotel" and the "Guernsey House," and at other small hostelries.

A branch of the "Farmers and Mechanics' Bank of Michigan" was established at St. Joseph about 1835, in charge of Thomas Fitzgerald. He was succeeded by R. C. Paine, and the bank was in the present residence of Hon. A. H. Morrison. At a little later date a banking com- pany was formed and a " wild-cat" bank established in a building which stood on the site of the present National Bank. It was called the " Commercial Bank of Michigan," and Talman Wheeler was the president. Its existence was of short duration. In 1856, B. C. Hoyt began a banking business, which was afterwards shared with E. C. Hoyt. A fine office was occupied and the bank was successfully conducted for ten or twelve years.

The First National Bank of St. Joseph was established in September, 1871, with a capital stock of $50,000 and the following directors: W. E. Higman, F. Jordan, S. F. Heath, C. H. Sherwood, E. Nickerson, W. H. Tryon, and C. Stewart. W. E. Higman was the first president and is still serving in that capacity. F. Jordan was the first cashier, and the present ones are James Baley and O. O. Jordan. The bank does a flourishing business. The fol-

lowing are the present directors : H. C. Higman, E. Nick- erson, J. Baley, John Higman, Jr., and W. E. Higman.

In 1831 the first post-office was established, with Calvin Britain postmaster. The present incumbent is B. F. King. Among others who have discharged the duties of postmaster are Reuben Scott, Wm. H. Sullivan, Thomas Fitzgerald, C. C. Sutton, B. C. Hoyt, Horace W. Guernsey, James N. Witherell, Henry M. Gustin, Theodore L. Reynolds, and Charles Stewart. St. Joseph was designated and made a postal money-order office in 1866. The business of the office is large, and four daily mails are received.

Damon A. Winslow states that the St. Joseph Herald, A. E. Draper editor and publisher, was the first paper pub- lished in the village, and that its existence ceased after a few numbers had been issued in 1836. The subsequent history of the press is given in a general chapter. At present the papers are the Traveler and Herald, Republican (both weekly), and the Lake Shore Daily News.

In 1832, Thomas Fitzgerald came to St. Joseph as the pioneer attorney, and soon after James Randles, Jabez N. Rogers, and Cruger Walton resided in the place. Fitz- gerald moved to Niles. Thomas Conger, E. E. Cady, C. R. Brown, C. W. Ormsbee, James H. Canfield, J. E. Chamberlain, and others were formerly attorneys in the village; and the present resident members of the bar are Damon A. Winslow, Geo. S. Clapp, C. B. Potter, A. H. Potter, W. R. Lyon, N. A. Hamilton, T. J. De Puy, Law C. Fyfe, and J. C. Watson.

In 1833, Dr. Amos S. Amsden located at St. Joseph, and was probably the first physician in the place. He re- mained until his death, about 1849. Among other physi- cians of the regular school were Drs. Lillibridge, Johnson, Murray, Camp, Wheeler, and Corydon Parker. At present there are in practice Drs. R. D. Parker, David B. Crane, Lyman Collins, A. K. Webster, R. F. Stratton, and A. H. Scott.

Dr. E. M. Pettit was the first homoeopathic practitioner, and still continues. Dr. J. L. McLin, of that school, is also in practice. Drs. R. Pengelly and Louis Ludwig for- merly resided here. Dr. Samuel W. Holland, an eclectic physician, has been at St. Joseph since 1852.

Among the dentists of St. Joseph have been Drs. Wil- son, Bidwell, Stump, and Shepard. The present dentists are Drs. H. C. Rockwell, H. H. Ray, and H. W. Ray.

MANUFACTURING INTERESTS.

Most of the manufactories of St. Joseph are of recent origin, and until a few years ago only the common indus- tries were carried on. Lately, considerable attention has been directed to manufacturing, and proper encouragement has been given by local improvement societies and the vil- lage authorities, giving the place a promising future in this respect.

The first machinery was operated in a saw-mill which was put up in 1832 by Edward P. Deacon and William McKaleb, between Main Street and the Bayou Bridge. The engine was built and set up by Philip B. Andrews (now of Chickaming) and Leverett Plumb.

Five or six years afterwards a man named Scott had a `small foundry in the village, and later a tannery was car-

320

HISTORY OF BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN.

ried on by - Swartwout, and a brewery by Charles Krieger.

At a more recent period the village has had a boiler- factory and the shops of the Michigan and Lake Shore Railroad Company. The latter have been moved to Mus- kegon. The only iron-working establishment is the ma- chine-shop of Anderson & Colman, on Water Street, which was put in operation in the fall of 1878. A two-story building 24 by 60 feet is occupied, and 7 men are em- ployed.

The St. Joseph Merchant- Mills, Lee & Wells proprie- tors, are located on the opposite side of the street, having their rear on the river. They were built about 1858, by John Swartwout, and enlarged by John P. Edwards. A frame building 60 by 75 feet is occupied, and there are five runs of stones driven by an 80 horse-power engine. The capacity of the mill is 100 barrels per day, and em- ployment is given to 10 men.

Hinkley, Higman & Co.'s Lumber-, Stave-, and Heading- Mills are on the site of a saw-mill which was built and operated years ago by the Pew brothers. About 50 men are employed, and the product is 4,000,000 feet of lumber per annum and 120,000 staves per week. A large quantity of barrel-heads are also cut, and much of the material is manufactured into barrels in a cooperage which is also car- ried on by the firm.

H. W. Williams' Lumber-Mills, in the same locality, were built in 1870, by Smith & Brown, but have been operated by the present proprietor since 1875. It is sup- plied with good machinery, and is capable of cutting 15,000 feet in ten hours. The power is furnished by a 45 horse- power engine, and 26 men are employed.

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History of Berrien and Van Buren counties, Michigan. With biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers, Part 80

Author: D.W. Ensign & Co. pub; Ellis, Franklin, 1828-1885; Johnson, Crisfield Publication date: 1880 Publisher: Philadelphia, D. W. Ensign & Co. Number of Pages: 821

Author: D.W. Ensign & Co. pub; Ellis, Franklin, 1828-1885; Johnson, Crisfield
Publication date: 1880
Publisher: Philadelphia, D. W. Ensign & Co.
Number of Pages: 821