USA > Michigan > Genesee County > History of Genesee county, Michigan. With illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 106
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414
HISTORY OF GENESEE COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
village Richfield, but this name has never come into general use, the common appellation given to the settlement being " Maxfield's."
" Captain" Maxfield built a tavern there in the summer of 1857, which remained in use as a public-house for about twelve years. It has been since that time and is now used as a residence by Mr. Maxfield.
Anson Withey built a store on the west side of the street in the winter of 1857-58. The building is now occupied as a dwelling by Charles Burnett. Another store was built at this settlement by John Seeley some years later. A couple of years after it passed into the hands of Bradshaw & Co., of Detroit, and was kept by Johu Simpson. Two years after it was destroyed by fire.
Lyman Calkins put up a blacksmith-shop in 1862-63, which was afterwards removed to the eentre.
At present the only business carried on at this point is that of coopering, by William Amy. The village now con- tains about a dozen dwellings, and boasts about forty inhabi- tants.
RICHFIELD CENTRE
is a small hamlet at the centre of the town, which has grown up there without any special reason, except the gregarious habit of the human mind, that induces human beings to congregate together for purposes of social intercourse and business convenience. Its growth has been very slow and gradual, extending over a period of some twenty or twenty- five years.
The first building erected here after the farmers' residences in the vicinity was a blacksmith-shop, built by a man named Hosmer, who was the second blacksmith in the town. He soon after went to the southwest part of the town and built a shop there, in which he continued his business. On the site thus left vacant E. W. Rising put up a framed shop, which was occupied by George Boyer. This is the same shop now used by Richard Cottrell.
About the same time Merritt Blackmer and Leander L. Ilill built a store on the southeast of the four corners, and opened the first regular store kept in Richfield. They had previously kept a small stock of goods in a part of Hill's house. This store was afterwards moved to the south west corner, and from there to its present location, on the north- west corner, where it is now occupied as a store and post- office by J. R. G. Turner.
The wagon-shop was started by its present proprietor, Mr. Fellows, in 1867. In 1866-67 the school-house and town-house were also built. In 1877 a cider-mill was built by Orlando Grove and Julius Kinsman, and in 1878 F. E. Stoddard built his present store on the first site of the Blackmer & IIill store. At the present time (1879) the Methodist Episcopals are building a church a little east of the four corners.
The village now contains about 20 dwellings, and has a population of about 85.
ROGERSVILLE.
Two brothers, Laban and Alvah Rogers, settled on the west line of the town, in section 6, the first named in 1846 and the last in 1848. From them the little settlement that has grown up about the railroad received its name.
When the railroad was built and commenced running, in the fall of 1872, the post-office, which had been located at Whitesburg, was transferred to the station, and S. J. Rogers was appointed as postmaster. Albert Van Brunt is the present postmaster, and was commissioned in the spring of 1879.
The railroad company did not feel willing to go to the expense of putting up buildings for a station, although they were willing to stop their trains at this place for the accommodation of the public. So some of the citizens got together and contributed the amount of $1000 to be used in the construction of a depot, which was built in the spring of 1874. Those who contributed towards the erection of this building were R. D., S. J., and C. W. Rogers, and Peter Reece.
In 1875 the hotel was built by R. D. Rogers, its present owner and occupant; a blacksmith-shop was built by Richard Cottrell ; the cheese-factory was built by Peter Reece and C. W. Rogers, at a cost of $1470 ; and the store was built by S. J. Rogers. The cheese-factory was run for three seasons, but has since that time been idle. It is expected it will again commence operations in the season of 1880. The store was sold to its present occupant, Albert Van Brunt, in the spring of the present year (1879).
In 1877 a grain-elevator storehouse was built near the depot by R. D., S. J., and C. W. Rogers, at a cost of $2200. They make a business of buying grain and pro- duce, and in the season of 1878 bought and shipped about 2000 bushels of wheat, besides large quantities of other grains and produce.
In addition to the buildings already mentioned Rogers- ville boasts half a dozen dwellings.
POLITICAL AND CIVIL HISTORY.
At the time of settlement the town of Richfield was a part of Lapeer County, and embraced within its limits the present towns of Forest and Richfield and the north half of Davison. It was set off from Lapeer and attached to Genesee County in 1843. Its first separate existence as a town was effected in the session of the Legislature in the winter of 1836-37, and the first town-meeting was held on the first Monday in April following. Of this meeting, and of all the proceedings of the town from that time down to the year 1857, we have only the knowledge afforded by tradition, for the records, which should be carefully treas- ured, have disappeared through the shameful carelessness of those whose duty it was to see that they were preserved.
The first town-meeting occurred at the time when work on the Draper & Witherbee saw-mill was being pushed with vigor, and, for the convenience of the most of the widely scattered population, was held in a small shanty, which had been erected for temporary shelter while the mill was being built. Less than a dozen voters were present, and there was more trouble to find candidates for the several offices than to find offices for all the candidates, as is generally the ease at this time. According to the best evidence now ob- tainable, the following were the officers chosen : Supervisor, William Draper ; Town Clerk, E. B. Witherbee ; Collector, George Oliver; Justices of the Peace, Orsimus Cooley, Thomas Clark, George Oliver, and Nathaniel Smith ; As-
RICHFIELD TOWNSHIP.
415
sessors and School Inspectors, George Oliver and Thomas Clark ; Commissioners of Highways, George Oliver, Wil- liam Draper, and Thomas Clark ; Constable, William Reltan.
The following is the most perfect list of officers of the town that we have been able to obtain, and covers the years from 1837 to 1879 inclusive :
CIVIL LIST OF RICHFIELD.
SUPERVISORS.
1$37. William Draper.
1857. Jacob King.
1838-42. No record.
1858. Andrew Cook.
1843-44. Phineas J. Tucker.
1859. Frederick Olds.
1845-47. William Munger.
1860. Pheroras Clark.
1848-50. Josiah King.
1861-64. Frederick Olds.
1851. Pheroras Clark.
1865-72. George E. Taylor.
1852. Josiah King.
1873-74. Simcon R. Billings.
1853. Jacob King.
1875. Edwin C. Clark.
1854. Elisha Kiosman.
1876. Simeon R. Billings.
1855-56, William Munger. 1877-79. William W. Moore.
TOWN CLERKS.
1837. E. B. Witherber.
1859. Jacob King.
1838-39. No record.
1860. Lorenzo Latimer.
1840-41. Caleb Lankton.
1861. Jacob King.
1842. A. G. Pratt.
1862. Homer Catheart.
1843. ITenry F. Shepard.
1863. Amherst W. Matthews.
1844. William MIunger.
1864. Ilenry G. Cook.
1845. Caleb Lankton.
1865. David W. Hiller.
1846-47. Elisha Ilinsman.
1866. Edwin G. Clark.
1848-49. John Hill, Jr.
1867. Alonzo A. Drake.
1850. Merritt Blaekmer.
1868-71. Edwin G. Clark.
1851-52. Henry F. Shepard.
1872. Frederick E. Stoddard.
1853. William Munger.
1873. William HI. Smith.
1851. Henry F. Shepard.
1871-75. Frederick E. Stoddard.
1855. Sullivan Clark.
1876. Alonzo A. Drake.
1856. Leander L. Dill.
1877-78. Frederick E. Stoddard.
1857-58. William Munger.
1879. George N. Porter.
TOWN TREASURERS.
1837-39. Geo. Oliver (collector).
1863. Hart N. Lucas.
IS10-41. Thomas Clark.
1864. Amherst W. Matthews.
1842-47. Pheroras Clark.
1865. Argalus 11. Matthews.
ISIS-50. Jacob Teachout.
1866. Samuel Clemens.
1851. Josiah King.
1867-68. Albert A. Elmure.
1852-54. William J. Phillips.
1869. John J. Elmore.
1855. Argalus II. Matthews.
1870. Hleman Thompson.
1856. David L. Cleveland.
1871. William Munger.
1857. Lorenzo Latimer.
1872. Pheraras Clark.
1858. Albert King.
1873-74. Edwin G. Clark.
1859. Pheroras ('lark.
1875. John 11. Elmore.
1860. William Munger.
1876-77. Julius G. Kinsman.
1861. Argalus HI. Matthews.
1878. Enos Parker.
1862. Daniel B. Skinner.
1879. Franklin Cooley.
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
1837. Nathaniel Smith.
Orsimus Cooley.
1847. Alanson Munger (f. t.). John Ilill, Jr. (v.). John A. French (v.).₺
Thomas Clark.
1848. Francis Davis (f. t.). Frederick Olds (v.).
1838. George Oliver.
1839. Jeremiah R. Stanard.
1849. William J. Phillips.
1810. Orsimus Coaley.
1850. C. Clack.
1841. Nathaniel Smith.
1851. Clark White (f. 1.). George Corwin (v.).
No record for any other years than these is now to be found.
OVERSEERS OF THE POOR.
1838. David L. Belden. 1857-58. Andrew Cook.
1810. Amos Begel. John Van Buskirk.
1813. Stephen Cady. 1 IS59. Garrett Zufelt.
No record other than the above is now obtainable.
$ Full term. f Vacancy. # Electel at special elcetion May 29th
1857. Stephen L. Blodgett.
1858. Samuel C. Murdock (f. t.). William J. Phillips (I. v.). A. II. Matthews (s. v.). 1859. Amherst W. Matthews. 1860. Otis Clark.
1861. William J. Phillips (f. t.). Augustus llølden (v.). 1862. Alonzo A. Drake (f. t.). Augustus Holden (v.).
1863. Richard Garlock (f. t.). Elias Van Schnick (v.). 1864. Clark M. Lucas.
1865. William J. Phillips.
1876. William W. Moore.
1877. George Garrett (f. t.). William J. Phillips (v.).
1878. David Richards.
1879. Jacob Shafer.
COMMISSIONERS OF HIGHWAYS.
1837. George Oliver. William Draper.
1850. Albert Kiog.
1851. Augustus Iloklen. Frederick Oldls.
1838. George Oliver.
1852. Frederick Olds. Augustus Holden.
1853. No record.
Orsimus Cooley. Vandorus Smith.
1854. E. W. Rising. Jacob King.
1839. R. E. Potter.
Phineas J. Tucker. 1855. No record. George Oliver. 1856. Lorenzo Latimer.
1840. Joseph Mortord.
1857. Francis Davis.
185S. Frederick Olds.
Nathaniel Smith. George Oliver. 1859. Franklin Cooley.
1841. Joseph Morford.
1860. Francis Davis.
George Oliver. Nathaniel Smith.
1862. Franklin Cooley.
1863. Argalus H. Matthews.
1864. William Odell.
1843. Alanson Munger.
IS65. Oscar Clemons (f. t.). William J. Phillips (v.).
Stephen Cady. William Throop.
1866. Amherst W. Matthews.
1844. Alanson Munger.
1867. William J. Phillips (f. t.). William Odell (v.). 186S. Amherst W. Matthews.
1845. Andrew Cook.
1869. Albert A. Elmore (f. t.). James Roberts (v.).
Garrett Zufelt.
1870. David Caldwell (f. t.). Wheeler C. Althouse (v.).
1846. Alanson Munger.
Andrew Conk. 1871. Sereno G. Lucas.
William Iloyle, Jr.
1872. Francis Davis (f. t.). John W. Moore (v.).
1847. Frederick Olds.
William J. Phillips. Argalus II. Matthews.
1873. David Oshorn. 1874. David Dickinson.
1875. David Osborn.
1876. Frederick Olds.
1849. No record.
1877. Osear Clemons.
1850. Frederick Olds.
1878-79. Francis Davis.
J. R. Stanard.
ASSESSORS.
1837. George Oliver.
1840. William Teachout.
Thomas Clark. Elias Van Schaick.
1842. George Oliver.
1843. Jerc'h R. Stanard (f. t.) .* Asahel Bryan (v.).t
1844. William Munger (f. t.). Lennder I .. Hill (v.).
1845. Caleb Lankton.
1816. E. Roberts (f. t.).
William Throop (v.).
1852. Samuel M. Elinore.
1853. William J. Phillips (f. t.). Jacob King (v.). 1854. Zelom Dibble.
1855. No record. 1856. Jacob King (f. t.). Jacob T'enchont (v.).
1868. A. W. Matthews (f. t.).
18GS. David S. Woolman (v.). 1869. Ephraim Allen (f. t.). William J. Phillips (v.). 1870. Alonzo A. Drake (f. t.). Silas Hart (v.).
1871. William W. Moore (f. t.). Walter J. Cole (v.). 1872. William Amy (f. t.). Amherst W. Matthews (v.).
1873. Pheroras Clark (f. t.). Amherst W. Matthews (v.). 1874. David Richards. 1875. Daniel B. Skinner.
1866. Alonzo A. Drake (f. t.). Amherst W. Matthews (v.).
1867. Cyrus A. Matthews (f. t.). Frederick Olds (v.).
Thomas Clark.
Jacob Teachout.
1861. Samuel Clemons.
1842. Stephen Cady. Joseph French.
Pheroras Clark. Zebulon Dickinson.
William J. Phillips.
1848. Jeremiah R. Stanard. William J. Phillips.
George Oliver.
416
HISTORY OF GENESEE COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
SCHOOL INSPECTORS.
1837. Thomas Clark.
1854. Augustus Holden.
George Oliver.
William J. Phillips.
1838. Thumas Clark.
1855. Lorenzo Latimer.
David L. Belden.
William J. Phillips.
1839-40. No record.
1856. Otis Clark. Leander L. Ilill.
1841. George Oliver. Asahel Bryan.
1857. Augustus Ilolden. 1858. Otis Clark.
IS42. Thomas Clark. Joseph French.
1859. Elisha Kinsman.
1843. William Throop. William Munger.
1860. George E. Taylor.
1861. Jerome Putnam.
1844. Leander L. Hill.
1862. George E. Taylor.
William Throop.
1863. Elisha Kinsman.
1845, Leander L. Hill.
1864. Solomon 1. Beach.
William Munger.
1865. Edwin G. Clark.
IS46. No record.
1866. George E. Taylor (f. t.).
1847. Daniel B. Skinner. William Manger.
1868. David S. Woolman.
1848. Leander L. llill.
1869. Nelson HI. Smith.
1870. David S. Woolman.
1871. Nelson H. Smith.
1872. George E. Taylor (f. t.). Edwin G. Clark (v.).
1850. Augustus Holden. Pheroras Clark.
1873. David W. Hiller.
1851. Augustus Holden. F. B. Higgins.
1875-77. James Roberts.
1852-53. John H. Elmore.
1878. David S. Woolnan.
Augustus Holden.
1879. Joseph F. Billings.
SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS.
1875-77. Juseph F. Billings. -
1878-79. George Garnett.
DRAIN COMMISSIONERS.
1872-73. Frederick Olds.
1877. Jacob Shaffer.
1874. Joseph Cottrell.
1878-79. John Good.
1875-76. David S. Woolnan.
CONSTABLES.
The names of only a few of these officers are known previous to the year 1857. Those known are as follows :
Zelum Dibble, 1848; Argalus H. Matthews, 1813-68; Asa Davis, 1847-57; Daniel B. Skinner, 1847; John Boyd, 1818-50; Lean- der L. llill, John Chadborn, 1849; Seymour IFill, 1850-58; Henry F. Shepard, 1857-59; Heman Thompson, 1857-58; Sam- uel Elmore, 1857; Amherst W. Matthews, 1858-64; Proscott F. Wilkins, Myron Benjamin, 1859; Joseph Cottrell, 1859-62, '72- '73; Ransom D. Rogers, Augustus Holden, James Stoddard, 1860; Edson Hayes, Oscar Clemons, 1861; Albert A. Elmore, 1861-62; William Amy, James Rising, 1862; Joseph Kinsman, William It. Davis, Rensselaer llallock, 1863 ; Benjamin Britten, 1863, '69, '71; Samuel S. Clemons, 1864; Melvin Woolman, 1864, '66; William Odell, 1864, '67, '68, '71; William C. Brown, Elhanan Maxfield, 1865; Levi MeCarn, 1865-67; William Hart, 1865, '74; Frank Crittenden, 1866-68; Willard W. Clemons, 1867. '68, '72, '75, '76; Lafayette Matthews, 1869; William H. Smith, 1869-71; Enos Parker, 1869, '73; Hiram E. Woolman, David S. Center, 1870; Monroe Caldwell, 1871, '74 : David W. ITiller, 1872, '73; John Cottrell, 1872; Frederick E. Stoldard, 1873; Peter J. Randall, 1874; Henry J. Simons, 1874-76; Jacob M. Schnitzer, James Hancock, 1875; Almon Skinner, 1876; Wil- liam HI. Martin, 1876-78; Charles Root, 1877, '78; George A. Smith, 1877-79; Chauncey Fuller, 1877, '78; Dewitt Zacharias, Jacob Grove, Amasa S. Turner, 1879.
In its political bias the town was originally quite evenly divided between the Whig and Democratic parties, with the odds a little in favor of the latter, but when the town of Forest was organized it took from this town not only six miles square of its territory, but also a large share of its Democratie voters, leaving the Whigs in the ascendency.
From that time till the Republican party was organized, in 1854, the Whigs generally carried the day, though oeca- sionally a popular Democratic candidate would be elected. The majorities, however, were small in either case. The Free-Soil movement and the opposition to the extension of the abominable and inhuman system of American slavery found a fertile soil in the hearts of the liberty-loving people of Michigan, and nowhere more so than in Richfield ; and when the repeal of the Missouri Compromise showed be- yond a doubt the tendency 'of the Democratic party to become the active champion of the South and its peculiar institutions, these people were ready to unite with any body of citizens to oppose them. Thus the formation of the Republican party was hailed by them with delight, and they united with it to become among its most earnest and zealous members. From that time to the present the Republicans have maintained control of the town. The National-Greenback-Labor-Reform party first cast a separate vote at the fall election in 1878. The vote on the State ticket then stood about as follows: Republican, 150; Na- tional, 145; Democrat, 41; Prohibitionist, 4,-showing an opposition majority of 40 votes. In the election of last spring (1879) the Nationals coalesced with the Democrats, and probably thus lost their distinctive organization, the town giving a Republican majority of about 25 votes.
This town has been honored in the person of some of its citizens by their being called to perform the duties of offices of trust and responsibility outside of the town. Among these are George E. Taylor, elected register of deeds of Genesee County, and Hon. Simeon R. Billings, elected county surveyor, and also senator in the State Legislature.
The town held its meetings at the school-house at the centre for many years. In the winter or spring of 1866 this school-house was destroyed by fire, and the board of town officers, according to the previous adjournment, met, as the record says, "on the site where the Centre school- house had stood, and adjourned to Lyman Calkins' black- smith-shop." At that meeting it was decided to build a town-house. Five hundred dollars were voted for the pur- pose, and E. W. Rising, Frederick Olds, and Argalus H. Matthews were appointed a building committee, with full power to purchase a site, draw a plan, and erect a building to be finished by the 1st of October of that year. The com- mittee bought a quarter aere of ground on seetion 15, just north of the school-lot, of John W: Moore, paying him $40 for it, and then commenced the building. The amount of money voted was found to be insufficient, and the building was not completed until the following year, when $400 more was voted to finish the building and fence the lot. The total cost was nearly $1000.
The three school districts already mentioned have now grown to twelve in number. Eight of them are whole distriets, the other four fractional. The school-houses of all these twelve districts are in this town. They are all frame buildings, and aggregate a value of $6600. During the year ending Sept. 30, 1878, the sum of $2252.26 was expended in Richfield for the support of schools.
The following statistics regarding the town at the present time are taken from the State census of 1874 :
Population .- Males under five years, 85; from five to
1849. Augustus Holden. John Hill, Jr.
1866-67. John II. Elmore (v.).
John Hill, Jr.
1873-74. Joseph F. Billings.
417
RICHFIELD TOWNSHIP.
ten years, 71; from ten to twenty-one years, 174; from twenty-one to forty-five years, 220; from forty-five to seventy-five years, 132; from seventy-five to ninety years, 2. Females under five years, 109 ; from five to ten years, 89; from ten to eighteen years, 122; from eighteen to forty years, 201; from forty to seventy-five years, 151; over seventy-five years, 2. Total males, 684 ; total females, 667. Total population, 1351. Of their condition in life, we are told that 710 are single, 595 are married, and 46 were widowed or divorced.
The area of taxable land is put down at 22,862.25 aeres, of which 96334 aeres are improved. This percentage of improved land is now considerably increased. The Flint River Railroad track and buildings occupy 72 acres. There are 241 farms in the town, averaging nearly 95 aeres each.
In the quantity of its prodnets for the year 1873, Rich- field ranked third in the county in eorn and butter, and seventh in wheat and other grains. The following table shows the aggregate products for that year: Bushels of wheat, 29,140; bushels of eorn, 27,065 ; bushels of other grains, 41,633 ; bushels of potatoes, 10,372 ; tons of hay, 1580 ; pounds of wool, 13,752 ; pounds of pork, 42,225 ; pounds of cheese, 120; pounds of butter, 72,295; pounds of dried fruit, 40; pounds of maple-sugar, 1650; barrels of cider, 194.
The number of acres of orcharding is 414, which pro- duced 15,941 bushels of apples in 1872, and 6800 bushels in 1873.
The stock kept was reported as follows: Horses, 465 ; mules, 2; work-oxen, 105; milch-eows, 640 ; other neat- cattle, 786; swine, 610; sheep, 2640.
The valuation of the town, according to the assessment of the present year (1879), is as follows: Real estate, $641,995 ; personal property, $98,265 ; total, $740,260.
This is supposed to be the actual market value of the property, as the assessment was made in accordance with the late decision of the courts, which made that the only legal manner of assessing.
A history of Richfield would be quite incomplete if it did not mention something that occurred in the first half decade of its existence which was of such a novel nature as to make it peculiarly interesting. At the time spoken of George Oliver and Joseph Morford were members of the board of highway commissioners, and were the active members of the board. For work done on the highways, they, being a majority, often issued orders on the town treasurer without going through the needless formality of calling a meeting of the full board to andit accounts. Prob- ably it was not deemed necessary to be so exceedingly formal in the transaction of business at that carly day, for so anxious were they to be accommodating that when they happened to be absent when an account was presented, Mrs. Morford would (to accommodate) write ont an order for the requisite amount, and sign her husband's and Oliver's names thereto. At last these orders began to appear in such numbers that an investigation was had, and the modus operandi as above described discovered. And this was not all, for it was found that considerable quantities of goods had been purchased at Lapeer and paid for in " Commis- 53
sioners' orders," and Morford, being in need of a yoke of cattle and not having the money to buy them, had resorted to the same method to secure them. A Mr. HJart, of' La- peer, held large quantities of these unauthorized obligations, and, they being repudiated by the town, he brought a num- ber of suits against the town to compel their payment. On the trial the manner in which they were issued was brought out and their worthlessness shown. What a pity that the peculiar talents of these officers are not now available to further the schemes of the Nationals ! They issued the first " fiat money" used in Richfield, and could properly claim the paternity of the organization that believes in the power of making something out of nothing.
The war record of this town is not materially different from that of other towns throughout the county. Special township-meetings were held on the 23d of February and 1st of September, 1864, and Jan. 3, 1865, also a meeting of the town board, March 14, 1865; and at these meetings discussions were had as to the best method of filling the quota of the town under the several calls for troops. The plan finally adopted was to issue bonds of the town to raise a sufficient sum to pay each volunteer eredited to the town the sum of one hundred dollars in addition to all other bounties he might receive. Bonds amounting to about $2700 were issued, and paid when they came to maturity.
The quotas of troops were thus speedily filled, and Rich- field did her duty towards the government in its time of trial. Many of her brave sons went forth in defense of their country, and of these several lost their lives in the service. These martyrs of liberty left behind them a heritage of glory that belongs alike to us all. Wherever the name of the American soldier is spoken it is recog- nized as synonymous with the bravery, heroism, self-sacri- fiec, and devotion of the patriot. Let us, therefore, eher- ish the memories of these men, write their names not alone upon the monumental marble, but upon the more enduring tablets of memory, and engross their achievements in the recesses of grateful hearts as well as upon the pages of history. Among those who thus testified to their disin- terested love of country we mention the following who were residents of Richfield, and of whom she should be proud : Warren Davis, Silas E. Van Schaick, John Judd, John Kinsman, Daniel Boyer, Delien Hill, Edwin Belden, Dexter Gary, Seth Williams, Charles Lucas, Morris Miller, and Joseph Thomas.
Peace to their ashes ! Honor to their memories !
RELIGIOUS.
As was generally the case in this Western country, the Methodists were the first denomination to enter this field of religious labor, and they commenced preaching in this town as early as 1839 or 1840. The first preachers eame on a kind of missionary labor, but after a class was formed it became an appointment on F'lint circuit, and was regu- larly served by the ministers on that eireuit.
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