USA > Michigan > Kalamazoo County > History of Kalamazoo county, Michigan > Part 13
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* The following are the clauses of the ordinance referring to the number of States and their boundaries :
"There shall be formed in the said Territory not less than three nor more than five States; and the boundaries of the States, as soon as Virginia shall alter her act of cession and consent to the same, shall become fixed and established as follows, to wit : The western State in the said territory shall be bounded by the Mississippi, the Ohio, and Wabash Rivers; a direct line drawn from the Wabash and Post St. Vincent's * due north to the Territorial line between the United States and Canada; and by the said Territorial line to the Lake of the Woods and Mississippi.
"The middle State shall be bounded by the said direct line, the Wabash from Post St. Vincent's to the Ohio; by the Ohio, and by a direct line drawn due north from the mouth of the Great Miami to the said Territorial line. The eastern State shall be bounded by the last- mentioned direct line,-the Ohio, Pennsylvania, and the said Territo- rial line ; Provided, however, and it is further understood and declared, that the boundaries of these three States shall be subject so far to be altered, that if Congress shall bereafter find it expedient, they shall have authority to form one or two States in that part of the said Ter- ritory which lies north of an east-and-west line drawn through the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan."t [Annals of the West.]
Ohio. Determined to maintain the peace and dignity of the Territory of Michigan, Acting Governor Stevens T. Mason, on the 9th of March, ordered Gen. Joseph W. Brown, in command of the 3d division of Michigan militia, to be on the alert to meet any invasion of the Ter- ritory. On the 31st, Governor Lucas, of Ohio, with his surveyors and about six hundred militia, fully armed and equipped, reached Perrys- burg, on their way to re-mark the boundary line, as ordered by the Legislature.
" About the same time Governor Mason marched into Toledo, with a force of from eight hundred to twelve hundred men. Governor Lucas was contemplating an attack on him there, when fortunately there arrived on the ground two commissioners, sent from Washington to settle the dispute. These were Hon. Richard Rush, of Philadelphia, and Col. Howard, of Baltimore. After several conferences, it was proposed by the commissioners that the Governor of Ohio should be permitted to re-mark the line, and that the people should be left to obey whichever government they preferred until the close of the next session of Congress, before which time it was hoped that some per- manent arrangement would be concluded. Governor Mason promptly declined the proposal. Governor Lucas accepted, and claimed that the agreement was now complete, Governor Mason's assent not being necessary, as he, being only Governor of a Territory, was only subor- dinate to the President of the United States, whom Governor Lucas assumed was represented in the negotiation by Commissioners Rush and Howard. Governor Lucas accordingly proceeded to disband his forces, and Governor Mason partially followed his example. President Jackson now referred the matter to Attorney-General Butler, who reported that the President had no grounds for interference; that the Michigan laws were in accordance with the United States Constitution and acts of Congress, and that it was proper for the officers of the Territory to enforce them. Governor Lucas, however, relying on the assumed agreement or truce, in the latter part of April attempted to carry out the order of the Legislature by running the boundary line. The surveyors started from the northwestern corner of the State, closely watched by Gen. Brown's scouts. No sooner had they entered Lenawee County, than William McNair, under-sheriff of the same, with a posse of thirty men, armed with muskets, attempted the arrest of the party. The Ohioans were armed with rifles and horse-pistols, and, on the appearance of the Michiganders, took up a position in a log house, where they securely barricaded themselves. The sheriff's party advancing upon them, they speedily abandoned their defenses and fled to the woods, without, as it seems, firing a shot. They were hotly pursued by the Michigan men, who discharged their muskets over their heads, to the great increase of their panic. Nine persons were captured, the rest escaping and reaching Perrysburg next morn- ing, in a woful plight, and with the most fearful tale of a ferocious attack, all of which Governor Lucas promptly reported to Washing- ton. The prisoners were taken to Tecumseh, where two were dis- missed for want of evidence, six admitted to bail for trial at the next Circuit Court, and one, refusing to give bail, was permitted to go at large on parole of honor. Matters were now becoming serious. An extra session of the Ohio Legislature was called, and most of its action pertained to the dispute with Michigan. It met on the 8th of June, and its first act was one to prevent the forcible abduction of citizens of Ohio, and its next to establish the county of Lucas in the disputed territory, with Toledo as its county-seat. It also provided that a session of the Circuit Court should be held there on the 7th of Sep- tember ensuing. Another act was one in which Michigan was ignored altogether as a party to the dispute, and the United States made the responsible party. An appropriation of three hundred thousand dol- lars was made for the carrying on of the war, and the Governor was authorized to borrow three hundred thousand dollars more. Above ten thousand volunteers were at once enrolled. The people of Mich- igan now became furious with indignation, and the partisans of Ohio were harassed without mercy. Arrests and imprisonments were made daily, but only one case of bloodshed occurred, and that of no serious character. Governor Lucas now sent three commissioners to Wash- ington, to confer with the President upon the boundary difficulties. Gen. Jackson, on July 3d, promised to advise the Michigan authori- ties to observe the Rush and Howard treaty until Congress should convene; but if this promise was fulfilled it accomplished but little good, for the persecution of Ohio sympathizers continued unabated. August 29th, Governor Mason was notified of his removal, and of the appointment of Mr. Schaler, of Pennsylvania, as his successor; but Mr. Schaler declined the appointment, and Mason continued in office.
* Vincennes, Indiana.
t The States of Michigan and Wisconsin, with certain modifications, have been formed from this portion of the Territory. The latitude of the southerly extreme of Lake Michigan is about 41º 42' north.
.
54
HISTORY OF KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
The reason given for the removal was undue zeal, and want of moder- ation and forbearance necessary to the public peace. Governor Lucas was at the same time urged by Secretary of State John Forsyth to abstain from pressing the claims of Ohio until Congress could meet, being assured that his case should not be jeopardized thereby. The 7th of September now approached, the time fixed by the Ohio Legis- lature for holding court in the new county of Lucas. Gen. Brown, with a large force of men,-it was reported twelve hundred,-en- camped at Mulhollan's, near Toledo, to watch and frustrate any effort thus to confirm Ohio jurisdiction. The Ohioans resorted to a shrewd expedient for carrying out the law, and, at the same time, avoiding a conflict. Assembling the officers of the court at Perrysburg, with an escort of twenty men, they rode in the dead of night to Toledo, and at one o'clock on the morning of the 7th, in a school-house in the suburbs of the village, went through the form of opening and adjourn- ing court. The clerk placed the records in his hat, and the party hastened back to Perrysburg to breakfast. Gen. Brown being thus outwitted, disbanded his army. Shortly thereafter Governor Mason was superseded by John S. Horner, a compromise was effected between him and Governor Lucas, the line was run in November without mo- lestation, and on June 15th following (1836) the question of boundary was forever settled by the admission of Michigan into the Union, with the boundary line as claimed by Ohio, but with a very large addition of territory in the Upper Peninsula, which it has always been claimed was granted by Congress as an offset for the strip given up to Ohio."
After the adoption of the constitution, Michigan pre- sented the anomaly of a region of country having both a State and a Territorial form of government at the same time; for while Governor Mason was exercising the func- tions of chief executive of a State, John S. Horner was acting as Territorial Governor .*
The act of Congress of July 1, 1836, admitting Arkansas and Michigan as States of the Union, was passed with the proviso, that it should
"not take effect until the State of Michigan shall be admitted into the Union according to the provisions of the act entitled ' An Act to establish the northern boundary of the State of Ohio, and to provide for the admission of the State of Michigan into the Union on certain conditions.'"
The Legislature of Michigan directed an election for a convention to be held at Ann Arbor, on the fourth Monday of September, to consider the terms. This convention met and rejected them. In this condition of affairs a people's convention was called at Ann Arbor, on the 14th of Decem- ber. This was popularly known as the " Frost-bitten Con- vention," from its illegality, and the fact that it met in cold weather ; but it nevertheless proceeded at once to formally comply with the conditions of Congress, and forwarded a record of its proceedings to Washington. There was much debate in Congress over the question, but a bill of admis- sion was finally passed, and Michigan became a State on the 26th of January, 1837. The State was recognized as hav- ing existed since November, 1835, when the State officers and representatives in Congress had come into office.
THE PATRIOT WAR
of 1837-38 did not seriously disturb the people of Michi- gan, though there was considerable sympathy shown the malcontents, and secret lodges, known as " Hunter Lodges," were organized by the sympathizers. The military of the State were called out to protect the arsenal at Dearborn, be- low Detroit, and a few companies and bands crossed the border to aid the " Patriots," though they were mostly driven back or captured, and some of their leaders were
banished. The need of a regular garrison at Detroit, which had been discontinued since 1827, was seen in this emer- gency, and the place has not been left without military oc- cupation since.
THE MEXICAN WAR.
During the war with Mexico, in 1846-47, Michigan fur- nished one volunteer regiment of infantry, commanded by Col. Thomas B. W. Stockton, and one independent company of cavalry, recruited at Detroit by Capt. A. T. McReynolds. There were also three companies recruited in the State for the Fifteenth Regular Infantry, U. S. A., to wit: Company A, Capt. Samuel E. Beach, recruited at Pontiac; Company C, Capt. Isaac D. Toll, a prominent citizen of St. Joseph County ; and Company G, Capt. Winans, raised in Monroe County.
WAR OF THE REBELLION.
Upon the breaking out of the great Rebellion, in April, 1861, Michigan responded enthusiastically to the calls of the government, and during the continuance of the contest furnished an aggregate of ninety thousand seven hundred and forty-seven men to the Union armies. These served in every arm of the military and naval forces, and forty-six commissioned officers and thirteen thousand and fifty-nine men laid down their lives in defense of a common country, on the battle-field or in the hospitals, and in the prison-pens of the Confederacy.
" On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread,
And Glory guards with solemn round The bivouac of the dead."
A history of the company from Kalamazoo which served during the Mexican war, and of the various organizations from the county serving in the war of the Rebellion, will be found in another portion of this work.
POPULATION.
The population of Michigan, not including Indians, at various periods has been about as follows :
In 1760 (estimated) 2,500
In 1796 (estimated)
3,000
In 1800
3,200
In 1810
4,762
In 1820
8,896
In 1830
31,639
In 1834
87,273
In 1840
212,267
In 1850
397,654
In 1854 (State census)
507,521
In 1860 (United States census).
749,113
In 1864 (State census)
803,661
In 1870 (United States census)
1,184,282
In 1874 (State census)
1,334,031
The rate of increase within recent years would indicate a population in 1880 of about 1,750,000.
GOVERNORS OF CANADA (INCLUDING MICHIGAN) UNDER FRENCH RULE.
1612-35.1-Samuel de Champlain.
1635 .- Marc Antoine de Chasteaufort.
1636 .- Charles Huault de Montmagny.
1648 .- Louis D'Aillebout de Coulonges.
1651 .- Jean de Lauson.
1656 .- Charles de Lauson-Charney.
1657 .- Chevalier Louis D'Aillebout de Coulonges.
1658 .- Pierre de Voyer, Viscount D'Argenson.
1661 .- Pierre du Bois, Baron D'Avangour.
t From 1629 to 1632 the country was in the possession of the Eng- lish, and in 1632-33, Emery de Caen was Governor.
* Mr. Horner soon afterwards removed to Wisconsin.
55
STATE ORGANIZATION.
1663 .- Chevalier Augustin de Saffrey-Mesey. 1663 .- Alexandre de Prouville, Marquis de Tracey. 1665 .- Chevalier Daniel de Remy de Courcelles. 1672 .- Louis de Buade, Count of Paluan and Frontenac. 1682 .- Antoine Joseph Le Febvre de la Barre. 1685 .- Jacques Rene de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville. 1689 .- Louis de Buade, Count of Paluan and Frontenac. 1699 .- Chevalier Louis Hector de Callieres. 1703 .- Phillippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil. 1725 .- Charles Le Moyne, Baron de Longueuil. 1726 .- Charles, Marquis de Beauharnois.
1747 .- Rolland Michel Barrin, Count de la Gallissonniere.
1749 .- Jacques Pierre de Taffanel, Marquis de la Jonquiere. 1752 .- Charles Le Moyne, Baron de Longueuil. 1752 .- The Marquis Duquesne de Menneville. 1755 .- Pierre Francois, Marquis de Vaudreuil Cavagnal.
BRITISH GOVERNORS.
1760 .- Sir Jeffrey Amherst, Commander-in-chief. 1765 .- Sir James Murray, Governor of Quebec. 1766 .- Paulus Emilius Irving, President.
1766 .- Sir Guy Carleton, Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in- chief.
1770 .- Hector Theophilus Cramahe, Commander-in-chief. 1774 .- Sir Guy Carleton, Governor-General.
1778 .- Sir Frederick Haldimand, Governor-General. 1784 .- Henry Hamilton, Lieutenant-Governor. 1785 .- Henry Hope, Lieutenant-Governor. 1786 .- Lord Dorchester, Governor-General. 1792 .- Col. John Graves Simcoe, Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada.
AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. TERRITORIAL GOVERNORS NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
1787 .- Gen. Arthur St. Clair, Governor. 1796 .- Winthrop Sargent, Secretary and acting Governor.
INDIANA TERRITORY .*
1800-5 .- Gen. William Henry Harrison.
MICHIGAN TERRITORY.
Gen. William Hull, from March 1, 1805, to August 16, 1812. Gen. Lewis Cass, from Oct. 13, 1813, to Aug. 1, 1831.
During Gen. Cass' administration the Secretary, William Woodbridge, was acting Governor at various periods.
James Witherell, Secretary and acting Governor, from Jan. 1, 1830, to April 2, 1830.
Gen. John T. Mason, Secretary and acting Governor, from Sept. 24, 1830, to Oct. 4, 1830; and from April 4 to May 27, 1831.
Stevens Thomson Mason, Secretary and acting Governor, from Aug. 1, 1831, to Sept. 17, 1831. Gen. George B. Porter, Governor, Aug. 6, 1831.
Stevens Thomson Mason, Secretary and acting Governor at various periods from Oct. 30, 1831, to Feb. 7, 1834.
Stevens Thomson Mason, ex-officio Governor as Secretary of the Terri- tory, July 6, 1834, to Aug. 29, 1835.
Charles Shaler, appointed Secretary but declined, Aug. 29, 1835. John S. Horner, Secretary and acting Governor, Sept. 8, 1835.
STATE GOVERNORS.
UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1835.
Stevens T. Mason, Nov. 3, 1835, to April 13, 1838.
Edward Mundy (Lieutenant-Governor and acting Governor), April 13 to June 12, 1838; Sept. 19 to Dec. 9, 1838.
William Woodbridge, Jan. 7, 1840, to Feb. 23, 1841.
James Wright Gordon (Lieutenant-Governor and acting Governor), Feb. 24, 1841, to Jan. 3, 1842. John S. Barry, Governor, Jan. 3, 1842, to Jan. 5, 1846.
Alpheus Felch, Jan. 5, 1846, to March 3, 1847.
William L. Greenly (Lieutenant-Governor and acting Governor), March 4, 1847, to Jan. 3, 1848.
Epaphroditus Ransom, Governor, Jan. 3, 1848, to Jan. 7, 1850.t John S. Barry, Governor, Jan. 7, 1850, to Jan. 1, 1852.
* Which included Michigan.
t Governor Ransom was first president of the State Agricultural Society, in 1849.
UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1850.
Robert McClelland, Governor, Jan. 1, 1852.
Andrew Parsons (Lieutenant-Governor and acting Governor), March 8, 1853, to Jan. 3, 1855. Kinsley S. Bingham, Governor, Jan. 3, 1855. Moses Wisner, Governor, Jan. 5, 1859.
Austin Blair, Governor, Jan. 2, 1861.
Henry H. Crapo, Governor, Jan. 4, 1865.
Henry P. Baldwin, Governor, Jan. 6, 1869.
John J. Bagley, Governor, Jan. 1, 1873.
Charles M. Croswell, Governor, Jan. 3, 1877, and present Governor, 1880. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS.
Edward Mundy, Washtenaw County, 1835-39. James Wright Gordon, Calhoun, 1840-41.
Thomas J. Drake, Oakland, acting, 1841. Origen D. Richardson, Oakland, 1842-45. William L. Greenly, Lenawee, 1846-47.
Charles P. Bush, acting, Livingston, 1847. William M. Fenton, Genesee, 1848-51. Calvin Britain, Berrien, 1852.
Andrew Parsons, Shiawassee, 1853.
George R. Griswold, acting, Wayne, 1853. George A. Coe, Branch, 1855-58. Edmund B. Fairfield, Hillsdale, 1859-61.
James Birney, Bay, 1861.
Joseph R. Williams, acting, St. Joseph, 1861.
Henry T. Backus, acting, Wayne, 1862.
Charles S. May, Kalamazoo, 1863-64.
Ebenezer O. Grosvenor, Hillsdale, 1865-66. Dwight May,į Kalamazoo, 1867-68.
Morgan Bates, Grand Traverse, 1869-72.
Henry H. Holt, Muskegon, 1873-76.
Alonzo Sessions, Ionia, 1877-80.
Of the Speakers of the House of Representatives since the admission into the Union two have been citizens of Kalamazoo County, viz. : Edwin H. Lothrop,§ 1842-44, and Gilbert E. Read, 1865.
Kalamazoo County was not represented by any of her own citizens in either of the six Councils of the Territory which formed the legislative branch of the Territorial gov- ernment from 1824 to 1835.
In the Constitutional Convention of 1835, Kalamazoo, which then formed the eleventh district, was represented by Lucius Lyon, William H. Welch, and Hezekiah G. Wells.
In the first Convention of Assent to the proposition of Congress for the admission of Michigan into the Union, held at Ann Arbor in September, 1836, this County was represented by Joseph A. Smith and William H. Welch.
In the second Convention of Assent, nicknamed the " Frost-bitten Convention," the county was represented by Samuel Percival, Ira Lyon, Isaac W. Willard, and Ambrose Searle. This convention was also held at Ann Arbor, on the 14th of December, 1836.
In the Constitutional Convention convened at Lansing June 3, 1850, the delegates from Kalamazoo County were Hezekiah G. Wells, Samuel Clark, and Volney Hascall.
The Constitutional Convention which met at Lansing for the purpose of framing a new constitution, in May, 1867, included as delegates from the county of Kalamazoo Marsh Giddings, Delamore Duncan, and Milton Bradley. The constitution was rejected by a vote of one hundred and ten thousand five hundred and eighty-two against seventy-one thousand seven hundred and thirty-three.
į Died Jan. 28, 1880. ¿ Speaker pro tem. in 1842-43.
·
56
HISTORY OF KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
Another convention for amending the constitution met at Lansing on the 27th of August, 1873, and continued in session until October 16th following. The proposed consti- tution was rejected by a vote of one hundred and twenty- four thousand and thirty-four to thirty-nine thousand two hundred and eighty-five, notwithstanding that in most of its provisions it was an improvement upon the present con- stitution. The convention consisted of two commissioners from each Congressional district, appointed by the Governor, under an act of the Legislature of April 24, 1873.
The member from Kalamazoo County was Hon. H. G. Wells.
MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE FROM KALAMAZOO COUNTY. SENATE.
Horace H. Comstock, 1835-38; David E. Deming, 1841-42; Lewis F. Starkey, 1843-44 ; Nathaniel A. Balch, 1847-48; David S. Wal- bridge, 1849-50; Frederick W. Curtenius, 1853-54; E. Lakin Brown, 1855-56; Lafayette W. Lovell, 1857-58; Stephen F. Brown, 1861-62; Elijah O. Humphrey, 1863-64; Stephen F. Brown, 1865-66 ; Frederick W. Curtenius, 1867-68; Delos Phil- lips, 1869-70 ; James M. Neasmith, 1871-74; Thomas S. Cobb, 1875-76; Gilbert E. Read, 1877-78; E. Lakin Brown, 1879-80.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Cyren Burdick, Edwin H. Lothrop, 1835-36; Caleb Eldred, Edwin H. Lothrop, 1837; Anthony Cooley, Stephen Vickery, 1838; David E. Brown, Andrew G. Hammond, 1839; David E. Brown, Joseph Miller, 1840 ; E. Lakin Brown, Joseph Miller, 1841; Edwin H. Lothrop,# Charles E. Stuart, 1842; Edwin H. Lothrop, Stephen Vickery, 1843-44; Fletcher Ransom, Stephen Vickery, 1845-46; Evert B. Dyckman, Horace Mower, 1847; Edwin H. Lothrop, Stephen Vickery, 1848; Barney Earl, Marsh Giddings, 1849; Delamore Duncan, Hiram Moore, 1850; Barney Earl, Salmon C. Hall, 1851-52 ; George W. Lovell, Epaphroditus Ransom, 1853- 54; George W. Lovell, Henry Montague, 1855-56; Stephen F. Brown, Allen Potter, 1857-58; Foster Pratt, Stephen F. Brown, 1859-60; Ezra C. Adams, Gilbert E. Read, 1861-62; James B. Cobb, Orville H. Fellows, Gilbert E. Read, 1863-64; James B. Cobb, Orville H. Fellows, Gilbert E. Read, t 1865-66; Orville H. Fellows, Enos T. Lovell, Anthony L. Mason, 1867-68; Alexander Cameron, Enos T. Lovell, John Walker, 1869-70; Alexander Cameron, Eli R. Miller, John Walker, 1871-72 ; Thomas S. Cobb, Eli R. Miller, John Walker, 1873-74; Simpson Howland, God- frey E. Knight, Abraham T. Metcalf, 1875-76; Simpson How- land, Jonathan Parsons, 1877-78 ; John F. Oliver, Jonathan Parsons, 1879-80.
MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. TERRITORIAL DELEGATE.
Lucius Lyon, 1833-35.
SENATORS. Lucius Lyon, 1836-40; Charles E. Stuart, 1853-59.
REPRESENTATIVES.
Lucius Lyon, 1843-45 ; Charles E. Stuart, 1847-49 ; William Sprague, 1849-50; Charles E. Stuart, 1851-53; Samuel Clark, 1853-55; David S. Walbridge, 1855-59; Julius C. Burrows, 1873-75; Julius C. Burrows, 1879.
COMMISSIONER STATE LAND-OFFICE.
James M. Neasmith, 1879 ; Henry S. Sleeper, deputy, 1879.
ATTORNEY-GENERAL.
Dwight May, 1869-73.
ADJUTANT-GENERAL.
Frederick W. Curtenius, 1855-61.
* Speaker pro tem. Speaker in 1844. # Died Jan. 28, 1880.
t Speaker.
QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL.
Orrin N. Giddings, 1865-67.
RAILROAD COMMISSIONER.
Stephen S. Cobb, 1873-77.
STATE JUDICIARY. JUDGE OF SUPREME COURT.
Epaphroditus Ransom, 1843-48.
CHIEF JUSTICE SUPREME COURT.
Epaphroditus Ransom, 1848.
NEW JUDICIAL CIRCUITS.
Ninth District-John L. Hawes, Judge.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS.
Hezekiah G. Wells, 1840; Hezekiah G. Wells, 1860; Marsh Giddings, 1864 ; Delos Phillips, 1876.
STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.
President of the Board of Agriculture, Hon. Hezekiah G. Wells, 1879; Gen. E. O. Humphrey, Andrew Y. Moore, 1879.
DEAF, DUMB, AND BLIND ASYLUM.
Secretary of the Board of Trustees, Hon. James M. Neasmith, 1879.
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
Homer O. Hitchcock, M.D., 1879.
STATE PIONEER SOCIETY. Committee of Historians, Hon. Hezekiah G. Wells, 1879.
The civil list, and all matters pertaining to the history of the county proper, will be found in the succeeding chapters. The military chapters contain histories of the various or- ganizations which have gone out in any of the wars of the past, together with complete rosters of soldiers of the war of the Rebellion, and as full and accurate ones of other organizations as could be procured.
CHAPTER XI. PHYSICAL FEATURES.
GEOGRAPHY.
THE county of Kalamazoo§ lies in the southwestern part of the Lower Peninsula. It is centrally distant from Lan- sing, southwest by west, sixty miles ; from Detroit, nearly due west, one hundred and thirty miles; from the south line of the State, thirty-three miles ; and from Lake Michi- gan, due east, forty-four miles.||
The county lies approximately between 42° 7' and 42º 27' north latitude, and 8° 20' and 8° 48' longitude west from Washington. The court-house in Kalamazoo is in north latitude 42.º 17' 25", and west longitude 85° 35' 5" from Greenwich. T
It is bounded on the north by the counties of Allegan and Barry, which are separated from it by the base line of the State surveys ; on the south by St. Joseph County ; on the east by Calhoun County; and on the west by Van Buren County. The county is composed of the Congres-
¿ From the Pottawattomie word Ke-Kenamazoo, signifying the boiling-pot, or where the water boils like a pot.
| Air-line measurements on a sectional map of the State. T United States Lake Survey.
MAPOF KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
RANGE XIL' WEST,
RANGE X/ WEST
RANGE X WEST
RANGE IX WEST
3
2
3
1
6
6
4
2
e
Hamilton
7
10
11
7
12
7
10
8
10
11
12
Gram Laks
L
M
Ø
P
13
Richland?
16
14
Alamo XX atre P.O.,
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