USA > Michigan > Saginaw County > History of Saginaw County, Michigan; historical, commercial, biographical, Volume I > Part 44
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439
HISTORY OF SAGINAW COUNTY.
which he has held to the present time, giving the work his earnest and constant attention. To his efforts and fidelity to the salt in- dustry is largely due the excellent reputation Saginaw salt has achieved in the markets of the country.
The salt inspection year begins in December, and the labor of the State Salt Inspector continued almost uninterruptedly through- out the succeeding 12 months. With the object of placing before the reader a review of all the Inspector and his assistants are capa- ble of performing within one month, as well as of the personnel of the salt association of Michigan the following statement, showing the amount of salt inspected in the several salt districts of the State during the month of May, 1881, is given :-
SALT INSPECTED FOR MEMBERS OF
THE ASSOCIATION.
BBLS.
Ayers & Co. 3,300
Worthington & Sons.
1,423
F. Crawford. 7,333
Bennett Haskell. 2,000
T. Winsor & Co.
5,060
Williamson, Eaken & Co.
1,200
G. P. H. P. Smith & Co. 1,071
C. & E. Ten Eyck. 2,159
J. Jenks & Co .. 6,500
Oscoda Salt & Lumber Co 1,123
Port Hope Salt Co. 4,000
Thomson Bros. 5,600
Pack, Woods & Co 3,441
700
Wylie Bros 500
Nason & Allen.
2,000
F. E. Bradley & Co .. 4,008
N. B. Bradley & Sons 7,872
Dolsen, Chapin & Co. 5,521
Eddy, Avery & Eddy 5,402
Folsom & Arnold .. 2,665
J. R. Hall.
5,4$4
L. L. Hotchkiss.
4,600
Hay, Butman & Co. 800
Keystone Salt & Lumber Co. 789
Laderaclı Bros. 1,100
W. H. Malone. 2,626
Miller & Lewis.
3,770
S. M. Lane & Son 4,000
Wm. McEwen ..
1,026
Smith & Sons. 1,127
Thos. McGraw & Co. 10,907
Sanborn & Bliss. 4,752
A. T. Bliss Bros. 3,434
A. Chesbroughi .. 1,222
Wm. Peter. 3,131
New River Salt Co 3,000
Rouse Bros 1,777
W. C. Cram. 586
J. D. Ketchum. 670
Hamilton & McGregor. 2,487
Degraw, Aymer & Co. 3,900
Ledue & Phinney. 1,980
Eaton, Potter & Co. 1,600
T. Jerome & Co 1,423
BBLS.
Carrier & Co .. 2,679
Wm. B. Mershon. 900
J. H. Pierson & Son. 2,728
J. F. & D. W. Rust & Co ..
2,450
Remington & Co 2,000
Rust, Eaton & Co 1,700
C. M. Williams. 46
H. S. Bradt .. 2,309
G. V. Turner & Son. 1,300
D. Whitney, jr .. 8,958
Wood & Reynolds. 700
A. W. Wright & Co. 1,617
Larkin & Patrick.
2,302
Chas. Merrill & Co.
3,004
McBean & Son.
J. G. Owen. 900
Emery Bros 3,574
1,570
James Riley. 379
Nelson Holland 6,145
SALT INSPECTED FOR MANUFACTURERS OUTSIDE OF THE ASSOCIATION.
D. Hardin & Co. 93
Harden & Plumer 4,488
Sample & Camp 511
W. F. Stevens .. 1,763
Henry Farmer, Agt. 340
Murphy & Dorr. 6,030
Pitts & Cranage 4,392
A. Rust & Bro. 3,873
H. W. Sage & Co 6,150
Hamilton & McClure 9,343
N. & A. Barnard & Co.
N. & A. Barnard 2,084
3,756
Foster & McGill. 1,480
J. Herrick & Co 1,727
Total 232,218
Of the total amount inspected 200,563 barrels were handled by the Salt Association of Michigan, and 31,655 barrels were handled outside of the association.
G. F. Williams Bros 1,030
R. J. Briscoe. .
Eddy Bros. 880
CHAPTER XIV.
AGRICULTURAL-PRESENT AND PROSPECTIVE.
From whatever standpoint the Valley isreviewed, it appears im- mensely fair. It is conceded that its lumber and salt interests are incomparable; but some have groundlessly doubted that its agri- cultural interests are very respectable. Now, by some strange revolution of physical appearances, the great pines of the Saginaw region spring from lands as rich as ever bore a forest,-lands which to-day yield a plenty to a large and prosperous agricultural popu- lation, and which to-morrow will grow in public esteem until they form the gardens of the Peninsula.
C. P. Reynolds, in addressing the farmers of Saginaw, said:
"It may seem strange that one should speak of a new Michigan. The name suggests a newly discovered land, having possibly a new and distinctive flora and animals, and climate relations to produce them. Such possibilities excite the curiosity of the nat- uralist, the geologist, as well as the agriculturist, who combine all those elements, for here is a new world to conquer, undeveloped resources to be added to the wealth of science and the State. It is not the object of this hastily written paper to excite such curiosity, especially among such as are ever eager to learn some new thing, like the old Athenians, but it will have accomplished its neces- sarily limited purpose if our New Michigan but catch a passing glance from our much loved Michigan, that has long held the at- tention of her sister States as the gem of the lakes, richly endowed with resources that, thoughi new and undeveloped, have already swelled the wealth and honor of our glorious Union.
" When Father Marquette stood awe-struck on the island that commands the Straits of Mackinaw, and took in at a glance those immense maple groves that bound the northern limit and fringe those ocean lakes, something more than mere religious zeal bowed his head as he listened in silent adoration to the sighing of the pine forests overhead, mingled with the rippling of the water at his fect. Religious zcal has ever been true to patriotism and love of country, from Columbus, the great discoverer, down to the late Sir John Franklin, so long lamented, and whose bones, bleaching under arctic frosts, are but the teachings of the divine Master, ' Render unto Cæsar the things that are Caesar's, and nnto God the things that are God's.'
" Martyrs to religion, patriotism and science-how their glorious names illustrate history, and add godliness to manliness, to whichi all other things are added. These sublime qualities characterized many of the pioneer settlers of our new Michigan, of whom our
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441
HISTORY OF SAGINAW COUNTY.
time is too limited to make mention; but we may safely date its discovery from the time that Pere Marquette built his little Indian church at Point Ignace, opposite the Island of Mackinaw, and took possession of the country in the name of his king and Church, bearing true allegiance to bothi. His bones were buried under the ruins of the little church his zeal had built. Other illustrious names might be added to his, but they are connected more inti- mately with older Michigan; older, because westward the star of empire took its way, leaving the pine forests of the north, await- ing the slow development of commerce and other outgrowths of civilization that ever follow the advance of the pioneer, whose sturdy strokes level the forest and carve out homes in the wilder- ness.
" The antiquarian might be curious to investigate the gigantic skeletons that have been recently cxhuned from the mounds of Devil river, on the west shore of Lake Huron; but they evidently belong to the prehistoric age, and though huge in stature, were not a superior race, for they have left no monument excepting their graves, and nothing of practical usefulness, excepting, per- haps, the carbonate of lime in their bones. Let us rather speak of men who came and saw and conquered by the power of a mighty purpose that has left its impress indelibly written on forest and field, island and lake, from the Saginaw of the south to the lakes of the north, such as must ever live, as the undivided glory of the Peninsular State.
"We might speak of the fishermen who were the first white men that skirted over her shores; but we cannot justly accord to them any part of the fame attached to our slowly progressive civ- ilization, for what fishermen have founded States, built cities, framed codes of law which add true greatness to human progress ? Their name is not legion. Truc, the demand for fish barrels added somewhat to the value of pine trees, and possibly introduced the lumbering business in a small way, but the nature of the fishing business has no real permanency of character, nor has a fish diet developed any perceptible increase of intellect to the eaters, as some scientists have taught. and their general character was law- lessness and cruelty, -the natural result of their business. Fish- ermen as a class have not been the highest type of developed manhood, physically or morally, for they have left on the land the same impress they did on the waters they navigated, so that the fish epoch in our history has added little to practical usefulness and nothing to the glory of the State. The lumbering epoch has a prominence all its own; it came as the representative of capital, that great want of all new countries, to assist labor, and their co- operation are the great necessities to human progress; but when capital owns the pine that labor cuts down and drags to the mill or the lake for transportation, and a foreign market receiving all the benefit of the combination, leaving nothing but the stumps as evidence of the departed, it is hard to tell where any public bene- fit is received, calculated upon a fair division of profits.
442
HISTORY OF SAGINAW COUNTY.
" When capital builds wells and salt blocks and combines all the values that labor confers, then skilled labor is stimulated, villages and cities are built, and the whole machinery of trade set in motion, then labor receives its share of the profits, and a tidal wave of prosperity blesses every one it touches. As a distinctive feature and the actuating cause of the slow progress of the northern part of Michigan, it is noticeable that labor receives no part of the profits, makes little progress, and therefore is called new in con- tradiction of the more favored parts of the State, where agriculture early became the leading interest of the country.
" It does not require the oldest inhabitant of the Saginaws to give the date of the advent of agriculture as a self-sustaining avocation, for its years may be counted upon the fingers, but its permanency is as much a certainty as the fever and ague to the inhab- itants, for whom the frequent stirring of the soil provides the antidote and early cure. Long after her busy mills are silent for want of logs, her brands of flour will be noted in the markets of the world where her lumber has ceased to be quoted, for corn will be king.
" Stimulation by the increasing wants of the lumbermen for hay and coarse grain, led to the accidental discovery that such products were among the possibilities of new Michigan, and a few adven- turous spirits solved the problem that they could and would grow, and lumbermen at once discovered their fatal mistake in not hav- ing carlier fostered its promotlon by encouraging its growth.
"It is passing strange that lumbering and farming have not flourished together in this valley at an earlier date. Never did the producer and consumer have greater interests in common, nor come nearer together than when they mnet in the woods of north- ern Michigan.
"The location and climate influence in new Michigan have been found especially favorable for growing grain, and particularly wheat (of which a few samples are here on exhibition), the forest protection and deep snows of winter favor that cereal and make it so much a certainty that, although not a prophet, we will predict that the wheat-producing regions will ere long be found north of the Saginaws. Corn, supposed to be exceptional north of the Ohio, matures perfectly many varieties of the better kinds among the wintry glades of the wintry north. A few samples arc exhib- ited in our small collection as proof of the statement. Oats and peas are a specialty, and barley-that iron-clad of all the cereals- is at home among us. Oats have been produced to yield 90 bush- els, average per acre; wheat 40 bushels, and other grain, especially peas, are equally favorable to the producer and consumer."
Northern Michigan has for many years after the organization of the Territory and for long after its admission to the sisterhood of States, by no means kept pace with the lower portion of the State. In the course of time settlements sprung up along the Huron, Grand river and other streams, and immigration followed the then natural channels of transportation. But with the advent of
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443
HISTORY OF SAGINAW COUNTY .
railroads a great change was effected. The fertile oak openings attracted the attention of thousands of hardy pioneers-settlements multiplied, a greater and greater area of virgin soil was subjected to cultivation. In the forests the woodman's ax, and on the openings the settler's plow were the harbingers of a glorious day -a future whose realization has in part been accomplished. Before the era of railways this development had fairly begun. The emigrants' wagons, drawn by patient, weary oxen that had plodded the many miles separating the cultivated fields and thriving, pros- perous villages and cities of Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York, or of the remoter East, dotted the way; the camp-fires marked countless resting places, and the smoldering ashes of way- side fires were fruitful in their after results.
As long ago as 1822 the first American settlement was made in the territory now comprised in Saginaw county. A few adventurers had followed an Indian trail, and had encamped on the banks of the Tittabawassee. Adventurous, indeed, was such an expedition, and numerous were the trials and hardships endured by the participants. But they found this a fair land, -the eartlı teemed with fatness, and the hardy pioneers, whose wants were few and simple, soon began to rejoice in the comforts of life, and were rapidly followed by friends, who had but recently warned them against the perilous expedition.
In the early organization of the State the counties were princi- palities in themselves.
Under an act of the Legislature of the Territory passed during the session of 1822, the county of Saginaw was organized, and its boundaries defined.
After it had been divested of its original greatness as regards area, it was subdivided into 27 townships, and these became in the course of time well settled with an industrious population, men who changed the entire face of the country from a most primitive rude- ness into fertile fields and busy villages.
THE SAGINAW COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
A meeting for the organization of a county agricultural society was held at Buena Vista Hall, East Saginaw, March 24, 1860. The call having been read, on motion, Wm. McBratnie was called to the chair and George F. Lewis chosen secretary.
A committee was appointed consisting of W. L. Webber, M. W. Quackenbush, C. McBratrie, Wm. M. Smith, John Wiltse, who reported a constitution, which was adopted.
The following officers were elected: President, Barney H. York; Vice-Presidents, Geo. F. Vein Fleet, Wm. M. Smith, Wmn. McBratnie, W. J. Bartow; Secretary, Geo. F. Lewis; Treasurer, Thomas L. Jackson. The members of the Exccutive Committee: John Wiltse, Wellington R. Burt, John G. Hubinger, Andrew Crafoot, Andrew Goetz, N. S. Beach, Robert Ure.
444
HISTORY OF SAGINAW COUNTY.
THE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY'S FIRST COUNTY FAIR.
The first exposition held under the auspices of the County Agricultural Society, was that of Oct. 3, 4 and 5, 1866, since which time the fairs of the society have been attended with most benefi- cent results. Each fair served to indicate among the agricultural classes a sense of their position among the people, and in many other respects was productive of much good.
For years the society continued its useful career until its success was crowned by the organization of a kindred association,
THE SAGINAW INSTITUTE.
A meeting of this institute was held Jan. 28 and 29, 1877, under the presidency of Hon. C. D. Little. Prof. A. J. Cook, Geo. F. Lewis, Dr. I. N. Smith, Dr. M. C. T. Plessner, Prof. Geo. T. Fairchild, Robert Ure, Dr. Cowell, E. F. Guild, W. L. Webber, Denis Cole, Prof. W. J. Beal, Prof. Cornelius Gower, Dr. Whiting, Prof. C. L. Ingersoll, Dr. Jerome, Prof. R. C. Carpenter. Geo. Leman, W. A. Lewis, D. Bow, Isaac Marston and C. P. Reynolds, were among those present on the occasion, and participated in the lectures and discussions of the meeting. This was the first "farm- ers' institute" ever held in Northern Michigan.
In February, 1878, the "Saginaw County Farmers' Club" was organized, with 23 members. This club has contributed much to advance the agricultural interests of the Valley, and lias otherwise benefited the farmers of the district by inducing them to meet together for the discussion of matters vitally important to them as agriculturists.
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CHAPTER XV. RAILROADS AND NAVIGATION.
At an early period in the history of the connty the thoughts of the settlers often adverted to the existing necessity for either a canal or railroad to connect the little outside world with the federal republic of Saginaw. The ideas of the settlers were theoretically correct, but entirely too premature. Many great works were per- fected on paper. Not only canals but also railroads were spread out in every direction from Saginaw City. A few of the numerous day- dreams of the period assumed practical shape, but the financial crisis stayed all progress. For a long period the people battled with the reverses which were entailed by the panic, rose above them, and alternately succeeded in surpassing even the highest notion of internal improvement held by them in early years.
THE SAGINAW & MT. CLEMENS RAILROAD.
As early as 1835 Saginaw City dreamed of great deeds, and actually witnessed the organization of a company, having for its object the construction of a railroad from Saginaw City to Mt. Clemens, via Lapeer. The capital stock of the railroad-builders was set down at $1,000,000. With this sun of money the company promised to begin the work within four years after the grant of the charter, to complete 10 miles of track within 8 years, 45 miles within 15 years, and the whole distance of 90 miles within 40 years.
THE SAGINAW & GENESEE RAILROAD COMPANY
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was another idea which took possession of the minds of the early settlers. The company proposed to construct a railroad from Saginaw City to the center of Genesee county, a distance of 40 miles. The company was organized in 1837, with a stock of $400,000. On this very limited capital a charter was sought, the petition containing a promise that work should be begun within one year subsequent to the granting of the authority by the State, and the line completed within seven years from the date of charter. This enterprise was entirely theoretical.
THE FLINT & PERE MARQUETTE RAILROAD.
This was the first railroad company that adopted any practical method of opening up the Saginaw region. Contrary to all prece- dent, the stockholders authorized a commencement to be made at the end; in other words, to run the line from west to east.
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.
446
HISTORY OF SAGINAW COUNTY.
The company was organized Jan. 21, 1857. The provisions of the law donating lands to this company were accepted Feb. 24, 1857. The map of location of line was filed in the office of the Secretary of State Aug. 7, 1857, and in the General Land Office, Washington. Ang. 18, 1857. The first directors of the company were Henry M. Henderson, Benjamin Pierson, Artemas Thayer, Robert D. Lamond, Cornelius Roosevelt, George M. Dewey, Will- iam Paterson, Alvin T. Crossman and Josiah Pratt, of the city of Flint.
The work of grading the road began in August, 1858, under the contractor, F. W. Paul. Up to March, 1859, about $10,000 liad been expended in grading, when Samuel Farwell and H. C. Potter, of Utica, N. Y., and T. D. Estabrook, of Great Bend, Pa., were associated in the contract. Track-laying was commenced at East Saginaw Aug. 11, 1859; first freight over the road, 32,000 feet of lumber from Smith's mill, 13 milesout to E. Saginaw, Aug. 11, 1860; first 20-mile section of road accepted by Gov. Wisner, Sept. 5, 1860; road opened to Mt. Morris, 263 miles, in Jannary, 1862. The other section of the road and tributary lines were opened as follows: Flint & Holly railroad, Flint to Holly, Nov. 1, 1864, 17 miles; East Saginaw to Midland, Dec. 1, 1867, 20 miles; Midland to Averill's, Dec. 1, 1858, 63 miles; Averill's to Clare, Nov., 1870, 23 miles; Clare to west line T. 17, 6 W., Dec. 29, 1870, 102 miles; total miles, 111; Bay City & East, Saginaw, Nov., 1867, 13 miles. The Holly, Wayne & Monroe railroad was completed in 1872, bringing Saginaw into direct communication with Toledo.
The section of the main line and branches completed since track- laying first commenced are as follows:
In September, 1860, completed.
20 miles.
In December, 1862, completed.
13 miles.
In December, 1867, completed. 20 miles.
In 1868, completed.
7 miles.
36 miles. In 1870, completed.
In 1871, completed.
27 miles.
In 1867, East Saginaw & Bay City line built.
13 miles.
In 1868, leased Flint & Holly railroad ..
17 miles.
In 1871, built Holly, Wayne & Monroe railroad.
65 miles.
On September 1, 1872, completed Flint River railroad, running from a point three miles north of Flint, through Geneseeville and Otisville, to Otter Lake.
15 miles
Clare County branch, extending north to Harrison.
6 miles
In 1880, Round Lake branch, Butler Junction north to Webber.
4 miles
The road in operation Dec. 31, 1880, was:
Main Line.
Sidings.
Ludington to Monroe.
. 253.31
64.50
East Saginaw to Bay City
12.35
6.23
Otter Lake branch.
14 41
1.60
St. Clair branch.
3.94
1.52
Saginaw & Clare County railroad.
15.50
15.19
Saginaw & Mt. Pleasant railroad.
15.02
.97
..
Manistee railroad (in part).
3.18
.59
317.71
90.60
447
HISTORY OF SAGINAW COUNTY
Total main line and sidings, 408.11 miles. Of the main line 200 miles are steel rail.
During 1859, 20 miles of line were graded from Saginaw river easterly, and eight miles of rail were laid. The first rail was laid at the edge of Saginaw river, Aug. 19, 1859, and a large delega- tion of citizens participated in the driving of the first spike. Owing to hard times, work was suspended on the line from about Nov. 1, 1859, to the summer of the following year. At the election, July 6, 1860, the directors chosen were E. B. Ward and Charles A. Trowbridge, of Detroit; B. Pierson, A. J. Bross, Win. Hamilton, A. T. Crossman and G. M. Dewey, of Flint; H. D. Faulkner, of New York, and M. L. Drake, of Pontiac. Capt. Ward was chosen President, Mr. Drake, Secretary, and Mr. Crossman, Treasurer. During this season, track-laying was completed for a distance of 20 miles from Saginaw river, and a certificate was granted after personal inspection, by Gov. Wisner, as required by the Land Grant Act, Sept. 5, 1860. The road was not then opened for traffic, how- ever, and it was not till the fall and winter of 1861 that iron was laid as far as the crossing of the plank road, at Mt. Morris, 262 miles from the Saginaw river.
The first engine used on the road was called the "Pollywog," a small second-hand locomotive, bought at Schenectady for $2,000. It was shipped on the schooner "Quickstep" from Buffalo, arrived Aug. 31, and was landed at East Saginaw Sept. 2, 1859. The same machine, after a thoroughi rebuilding, still does service on the road under the name of "Pioneer."
The road was opened Jan. 20, 1862; on that day an excursion ride was tendered to a great number of the citizens over the road. The train, consisting of the "Pollywog," one baggage car and one coach, was all at the disposal of the passenger department of the road at that period. The time occupied in making the trip of 262 miles to Mt. Morris was four hours, and that in returning five hours.
Jan. 20 to 27, the receipts of the road from passenger traffic were only $102.54; the week succeeding it fell to $100.31. The freiglit and passenger traffic from Jan. 20, to Dec. 1, 1862, amounted to $31, 764.37, of which $19,254.15 resulted from pas- senger traffic.
The reorganization of the company was perfected by the election of the following persons as directors: Henry A. V. Post, Henry H. Fish, Abram G. Brower, Loum Snow, jr., Francis Hathaway, Jesse Hoyt, James C. Parrish, Cornelius D. Wood, William W. Crapo, Henry C. Potter and William L. Webber. At the annual meeting held at East Saginaw, May 18, 1881, the following stockholders were elected directors for the ensuing year: Jesse Hoyt, Alfred M. Hoyt and Cornelius D. Wood, of New York; Wm. W. Crapo, Francis Hathaway and Loum Snow, of New Bedford, Mass .; Lewis Pierce, of Portland, Me .; Abram G. Brower, of Utica, N. Y .; Wm. L. Webber, H. C. Potter and H. C. Potter, jr., of East Saginaw.
448
HISTORY OF SAGINAW COUNTY.
THE F. & P. M. R. R. LAND GRANT.
The Congress of the United States, by an act entitled "An act making a grant of alternate sections of the public lands to the State of Michigan, to aid in the construction of certain rail- roads in said State, and for other purposes," approved June 3, · 1856, granted land to the State of Michigan, to aid in the construc- tion (among others) of a railroad from Pere Marquette to Flint. The State of Michigan, by an act of the Legislature entitled "An act disposing of certain grants of land made to the State of Michi- gan for railroad purposes, by an act of Congress, approved June 3, 1856," approved Feb. 15, 1857, conferred upon the Flint & Pere Marquette Railway Company so much of the lands granted by Congress as pertained to a railroad from Pere Marquette to Flint.
This grant comprsed 511,492.22 acres. But a deduction must be made from it, as, for example, 131,000 acres granted to the F. & P. M., G. R. & I., and J. L. &. S. railroads in common. The grants are conflicting.
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