USA > Michigan > Washtenaw County > History of Washtenaw County, Michigan : together with sketches of its cities, villages and townships...and biographies of representative citizens : history of Michigan > Part 35
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" During the year 1832, the following Germans arrived: William F. Orins, from the Granddutchy of Hesse, who immigrated to Penn- sylvania in 1825, settled in Freedom. Mr. Orins was born March 21, 1797, served in the Germany army against the First Napoleon. He was for nine years Supervisor for the township of Freedom and Justice of the Peace for 20 years.
"John Schneeberger, John Hoberger, Thomas Roth, Jacob Haab, Jacob Haas and Martin Grauer settled in Freedom. Andrew Beck, with his sons, Jacob and Godfrey, David Luik, Frederick Staebler, Michael Haercher, Jacob April, Frederick Laubengaier and Ulrich Laubengaier, Johannes Stollsteimer, Jacob Wild, Conrad Bissinge, were some of the first settlers in Scio.
" In the summer of 1833, the Evangelical Mission Institute of Bale, Switzerland, sent Rev. Frederick Schmid as a missionary to the German Protestants in Michigan. A Church was organized and incorporated as the First German Evangelical Society of Scio. The first church building which the Germans in the Territory erected, was built by this society on an acre of land donated by Daniel F. Allmendinger for this purpose and as a burying ground. This building is still standing about two miles west of Ann Arbor, on the so-called territorial road.
" Rev. Frederick Schmid was for many years the only German Protestant minister in Michigan. He organized Churches in Detroit, Monroe and Waterloo in Jackson county."
The foregoing were the pioneers of the German element, which now constitutes at least 30 per cent. of the population of Washte- naw county. In point of intelligence, in wealth, in all that goes to make up good citizens, those representing this nationality will com- pare favorably with others. In every station of life, as business or professional men, as office-holders, none bear a better reputation.
FIRST ENTRY.
The first entry of land in Washtenaw county was made July 1, 1822, by Eli Kellogg, and consisted of the south part of section 9, in township 3 south, of range 7 east, now lying within the city of Ypsilanti.
358
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY.
PEEP INTO WASHTENAW COUNTY.
A Detroit paper, March, 1842, contained the following:
This was the fifth county organized in the State. For agricult- ure, facilities for manufacturing, and beauty of country, it is not exceeded by any in the State. The soil is prolific, and is generally a deep, black and sandy loam and clay. Prairie, oak openings and heavy timbered lands are found alternately throughont the county.
The River Huron, which passes through the county, has suffi- cient fall to carry any amount of machinery. A competent engineer informs me that the whole distance of the river affords mill sites on every mile. Already there are 11 flour-mills, seven grist-mills and 31 saw-mills, one plaster-mill, one paper-mill, three fulling- mills, one woolen factory and two other buildings in the county, besides hydraulic power, used in various mechanical purposes.
In viewing the Huron and Raisin rivers, the thought arises, of what vast importance our water courses are, in producing riches to our State, if they were brought into requisition with the aid of machinery! But so long as the present policy of our Government in reference to home productions is persisted in, we cannot expect it to be used. Let us have a discriminating tariff, and before five years passes away, the streams of Michigan would be dotted with manufacturing villages.
This county contains 460,800 acres, or 720 square miles. The valuation in 1837 was $1,688,487. In 1840 it had increased to $2,735,401.10. Owing to the excellence of the soil, it early attracted the universal admiration of the settler, and before the speculating fever of 1836 came on, the land in the county was mostly in the hand of the actual settler, or those who intended to make it their future home. Accordingly we find that eight years after it was organized, 1834, the population amounted to 14,920. In 1837 it had reached 16,176, and at the census of 1840 it stood at 23,571, being the second county in the State as to population.
As curiosity is always on tip-toe to know the particulars as to the ages of the inhabitants of a county, especially a new one, which dates but 15 years back. I subjoin the following from the last United States census:
Males.
Females.
Under 5 years. 2,135
Under 5 years. 2,024
5 and under 10
1,701
5 and under 10. 1,680
10 to 15.
.1,374
10 to 15.
1,244
15 to 20.
1,256
15 to 20.
1,271
20 to 30 2,279
20 to 30. 2,046
30 to 40.
1,854
90 to 40. 1,370
40 to 50.
946
50 to 60
537
50 to 60. 474
60 to 70
258
60 to 70. 474
70 to 80
74
70 to 80. 86
80 to 90.
6
80 to 90. 11
90 to 100.
90 to 100 2
100 and upward.
100 and upward.
1
40 to 50 715
359
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY.
Here, then, we have 5,932 males above the age of 20 years in the county. Now let us look a little to their industry and see what they are all doing.
By the recent census, we find them classed as follows :
Engaged in agriculture.
.4,682
commerce.
101
66 manufactures and trade.
998
.6
navigating the lakes.
13
learned professions.
117
Insane
5
Blind .
7
Revolutionary pensioners.
9
Total.
5,935
Engaged in agriculture, 4,682. What have they done? Let us see. The first column will show the products, as appears by the State census of 1837. The second, the United States census of 1840, but gives the products of 1839. The third column, the increase in two years.
Bushels of wheat
126,663
210,224
In 2 y'rs. 84,551
66
rye.
731
2,941
2,207
66
corn. .
122,989
220,096
98,207
buckwheat
11,480
23,600
19,120
66
barley
31,035
31,035
Total breadstuffs
.261,866
486,896
226,130
oats
203,874
284,181
80,035
It will be seen that in 1837 they produced 261,866 bushels of breadstuffs, and two years afterward, 1839, they raised 486,896 bushels, being an increase of 286,130 bushels. It is a fair calcula- tion, then, to put them down for last year, 600,000 bushels, or one hundred and fifty bushels to each inhabitant over 20 years of age engaged in agriculture, besides 284,181 bushels of oats.
OTHER STATISTICS OF 1840.
Potatoes, bushels
.210,224
Value of poultry .
$11,324
Tons of hay
20,573
Cords of wood sold.
6,189
Pounds of wax
372
Tons of hemp or flax.
5
Pounds of silk cocoons
100
dairy. $64,563
One hundred and eight thousand pounds of maple sugar !
FARM STOCK.
In farm stock, the county shows a good front, and far excels any other in the State. The dairies, as you may say, have just com- menced; but the amount sold last year is estimated to have reached
1837.
1839.
360
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY.
one hundred thousand dollars. To show you the rapid increase of stock, I give you the result of the two last censues:
1837.
1839.
In 2 y'rs.
Cattle
15,772
24,208
6,436
Horses.
1,726
9,619
1,893
Sheep
5,412
19,273
14,861
Swine.
16,640
30,141
13,505
Total.
.39,560
75,241
36,691
It may be estimated there are now over 100,000 head of stock in the county. Great attention is now given to wool growing. The fleece of 1839, was 20,472 pounds. This year, it will reach near 70,000 pounds, as thousands of excellent sheep were driven into the county the past two seasons.
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
The great attention given to stock has originated through the exertions of their agricultural society, which was organized three years since, and has already produced much good in stimulating each other to honorable emulation.
The farmers owe much to the laudable exertions of their Secre- tary, William S. Maynard, Esq., for its present flourishing condition. I learn it has some 400 members, and is composed of the most public-spirited and enterprising members of the county. Their exhibitions at the last fair were an honor to the State, and should receive, as well as all other similar societies in our State, aid from the Legislature. Ours is strictly an agricultural State, and the farmers pay nine-tenths of the taxes. But as yet, not a single act has ever been passed to encourage the development of agriculture, while thousands have been squandered on worthless projects.
NURSERIES AND GARDENS.
There are two in the county, and have $15,000 capital invested in them. The sales last year amounted to near $5,000, and there are five persons employed in them. Both establishments have greenhouses attached to them. The one at Ann Arbor is owned by Mr. Noble, and comprises a great variety of enticing plants. Large quantities of garden and flower seeds are put up by him annually. The other is located at Ypsilanti, and the Messrs. Lay are the pro- prietors. This establishment comprises about 14 acres, and includes all kinds of trees and plants, raising 300.000. The proprietor handed me a catalogue of his establishment, and a great variety of fruit trees is to be found, viz .: Of apples, 162 kinds; of pears, 180; of peaches, 43; of cherries, 33; of plums, 30; of quinces, 6.
Speaking of nurseries reminds me of the great negligence of our farmers in setting out orchards. There is no equal amount of labor and expense that contributes more liberally to the pleasure and profits of the husbandman and his family. than that expended
361
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY.
in the establishment and culture of a good fruit garden. Why is its culture so much neglected ?
An acre of ground will very conveniently accommodate 100 trees, and can be had at the nurseries for $20; the cost of setting them will not exceed $10, and the land, $10. Total, $40. The annual interest on this outlay is but $2.80. Allowing eight years for the trees to come into bearing after being set out in the orchard, the interest would be $22.40, which, added to the above $40, would make the orchard in bearing order at only $62.40, to say nothing of the profits of the grain that might be raised during the eight years on the land. The produce of the orchard would be from three to ten bushels to a tree; but put it at six bushels, or 600 bushels for the orchard of 100 trees, call the apples only 10 cents a bushel, and how would the account stand ?
Orchard, debtor.
One acre of land. $10 00
100 trees. 20 00
Setting out. 10 00
Interest for 8 years. 22 40
Whole cost of orchard, when
$62 40
arriving at bearing.
Orchard, creditor.
600 bushels of apples at 10 cents, $60 00
or paying an annual interest of near 100 per cent. Now I ask, what other way could this amount of money and labor applied in farming operations secure so large a profit on each acre of land employed? If the farmer wishes a variety of fruit, and that which will give him still more profit for an acre, let him set out the fol- lowing:
15 Cherry.
10 Pear.
12 Plum.
8 Apricot.
10 Peach. 15 Early Apple.
20 Winter Apple.
10 Quince.
MANUFACTURES AND TRADES.
As we before noticed, the persons engaged in this county in manufactures and trades are 998. Perhaps it may be as well, if you have patience, to peep into their business as it was at the recent census.
STORES .- There are 85 stores in the county, and the capital in- vested is $249,325. Eighty-five stores must give employment on an average of two persons to each. Total persons employed, 170.
FURNACES .- There are four cast-iron furnaces; 33 men employed; capital invested, $9,000.
BRICK-YARD AND LIME-KILNS .- Several of them. The capital in- vested, $14,220; give employment to 62 men, and produced in value $11,685.
HAT MANUFACTORIES .- Four establishments. Capital invested, $5,650; employ 31 persons, and produces in value $8,600.
362
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY.
TANNERIES .- Four in operation; capital employed, $4,800; per- sons engaged in them, seven; sides of leather tanned, 604. All other manufactures of leather, 11; capital invested, $20,100. Value produced, $38,500.
DISTILLERIES .- Five; gallons produced, 73,585.
BREWERIES .- Three; gallons produced, 91,184; men employed, 12; capital invested, $16,200.
CARRIAGE MANUFACTORIES .- Four; men employed, nine; capital, $2,200; value produced, $3,200.
COOPER'S SHOPS .- Twenty-two; barrels made, 56,000, worth $15,- 000, and give employment to 60 men.
WOOLEN FACTORIES .- Two; persons employed, 16; capital in- vested, $23,000; amount of goods made, $10,000. Fulling mills, three ..
SILK .- Pounds made, five; value $25; capital, $50.
Houses erected of brick and wood, 105; men employed, 270; value, $84,250.
Value of all other manufactures not enumerated, $8.390; capital employed, $5,551.
Value of medicine produced, $500; one person employed; capi- tal, $150.
Guns and small arms made, 35.
Total capital in manufactures, $314,555.
FLOUR MILLS .- Eleven; amount of flour made, 62,000 barrels; grist-mills, seven; saw-mills, 41; capital invested in mills, $220,000; value of their products, $351,520.
RECAPITULATION.
Capital invested in manufactures,
$314,555
¥ mills 220,000
trade and merchandise 249,325
Total $783,870
Here, then, in this new county, is over three quarters of a mill- ion of dollars, invested in various branches of industry. The per- sons engaged in them number about 1,000, and most of them have families of persons depending upon them for support; which at four each, amount to 5,000, which constitutes a home market for the farmers to supply.
Ours is a grain-growing State. But who wants our products ? England prohibits it from her shores, unless we pay her 75 cents for every bushel of our grain that enters her ports, and at the same time thousands are starving for it; France won't receive it; Ger- many don't want it. Out of the 85,000,000 bushels raised in the United States last year, England took but 3,000,000 of us, and only 7,000,000 went to all foreign countries. Thus it is seen that nearly all our annual production is consumed at home. But who are the consumers of the surplus consumed by the grain-growers them- selves? Of course they are those persons not engaged in grain-
363
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY.
growing, but in manufacturing and mechanical business. The more persons, therefore, engaged in the pursuits, the better will be the market afforded to the farmer. It is the farmer and wool- grower that are most deeply interested in the prosperity and growth of American industry.
The Southerners tell us it is better for the farmer to advocate free trade. Let us see. Beef costs in South America less than half a cent a pound. In New York it is generally worth six to eight cents. If the duty is taken off as the free-traders wish it, a yoke of cattle in Michigan weighing 2,000 pounds would be worth $10 for the beef.
With a protective tariff, the farmer will have a home market in his own country. Free trade will compel him to compete, not only with the South American beef, but every product he raises will be in the same situation. As, for instance, wheat can be purchased at Odessa, in the south of Russia, for 12 cents a bushel, and freighted here at 10 cents, and sold in the Eastern market for 28 cents, which is less than it can be raised for in this country.
SCHOOLS IN THE COUNTY.
We gather the following from the report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction:
Townships.
No. of Districts. Scholars.
Townships.
No. of Districts. Scholars.
Ann Arbor
7
296
Scio
10
394
Augusta.
8
189
Superior
9
343
Bridgewater
7
267
Salem
14
444
Dexter
5
267
Saline.
10
392
Freedom
6
272
Sylvan.
3
121
Lodi.
10
316
Sharon
7
226
Lima.
6
198
Webster
7
217
Lyndon
2
51
Ypsilanti
11
603
Manchester.
6
205
York
11
382
Northfield.
9
251
Pittsfield
9
293
Total
157
5,650
364
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY.
RECAPITULATION OF PRODUCTS OF TIIE COUNTY IN 1841.
25,000 bushels of wheat at 85 cents.
$ 212,500
3,500 do. rye. .
1,750
250,000 do. corn . 62,500
25,000 do. buckwheat. 10,000
35,000 do.
barley
14,000
225,000 do. potatoes, 15 cents.
33,750
24,500 tons of hay, at $4.
90 000
7,000 cords of wood, $1.25.
101,750
Produce of poultry
1,325
110,000 pounds of hemp and flax.
200
110,000
maple sugar, 10 cents.
11,100
Products of nurseries.
5,000
Potash.
1,000
50,000 lbs. of wool, 30 cents.
15,000
Horses.
5,000
Cattle.
8,000
10,000 hogs, at $1.60
16,000
10,000 sheep, at $1
10,000
$ 608,070
Estimates for products, 20 per cent. not enumerated.
60,050
$ 668,075
Estimates for various branches of mechanical and manufacturing business. 500,000
Total products of industry
$1,168,075
CAPITAL EMPLOYED.
In manufactures
$ 314,515
In mills. .
220,000
In merchandise.
249,325
In land and improvements.
1,951,131
Total.
$2,734,971
PAPER VILLAGES.
Washtenaw county, like many other counties in the State and nation, has had within her boundaries villages conceived but never born. Plats have been made and recorded; lithographic views have been printed of places that in time were to be "future great " cities. Alas for the hopes of man! In some of these villages enough lots were not sold to pay the recorder's fee, to say nothing of the surveyor and lithographer. Among the paper villages of Washtenaw will be found the following:
Barton .- This beautiful village was laid out in 1837, by Charles Tull, Philip Brigham, Alonzo Platt. It was located on section 17, Ann Arbor township, about one mile above the city of Ann Arbor. on the Huron river. One lone house yet remains upon the village plat.
Sharon .- Platted in 1836, by N. Ambrose, E. Walker and Luke Gilbert. Located in Sharon township.
1
Produce of the dairy
10,000
Duval 6.Omn
367
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY.
Saratoga of Michigan .-- In 1836 a magnificent village was laid out on parts of sections 1 and 12, Dexter township, on what is known as Portage Lake, by G. R. Lillibridge. Old settlers report that a splendid lithographic map of the village was made, in which fine steamers plowed the lake, and everything else was shown on a grand scale. The streets of the village were named after the great poets, novelists and musicians of the world. Dryden, Byron, Shakespeare, Burns, Bulwer, Haydn, Mozart and others were rep- resented. But all efforts to induce settlers here were unavailing.
Windham .- This village was located on Iron Lake, Manchester township, and was platted by George Byrns, in 1836.
Harford .- Charles and Sophronia Harford platted a village in Lima township, in 1835, which met with the same fate of Saratoga, Boston and others.
22
CHAPTER XIV.
WASHTENAW COUNTY IN THE WAR.
The Presidential election in 1860 resulting in the choice of Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency becoming known, 11 States of the Union, in rapid succession, passed acts of secession, and at once arrayed themselves in open hostility to the general Government. On the 12th day of April, 1861, the rebel forces, under command of Gen. P. T. Beauregard, opened fire on Fort Sumter, and for two days and nights it was maintained, until at last Major Anderson, as brave and gallant asoldier as ever drew a sword in defense of his country, was compelled to lower the American flag and surrender his forces to the rebels who were seeking to destroy the Union. When this outrage was committed every loyal heart in the North was fired and a cry for redress went up; therefore, when Abraham Lincoln issued his first proclamation calling for 75,000 men, he found the people not only ready but eager to wipe out the stain upon the nation's flag. To indicate something of the feeling and spirit of the people as reflected by its papers, the following extract is taken from a local paper printed but a few days after the surren- der of the fort and the issuance of the proclamation of the President: " Like the viper which was warmed to life in the bosom of the countryman and then stung him to death, so the cotton States of the Union have raised the parricidal hand of bloody war against the Government which has long fostered and protected them. History will blush to record the hugeness of the crime. It overtops the ordinary criminality of causeless, aggressive warfare, as Satan ex- ceeded in proportions the other rebel angels.
'He above the rest In shape and gesture proudly eminent, Stood like a tower; * * * *
but his face Deep scars of thunder had entrenched, and care Sat on his faded cheek.'
" Without a parallel in the history of the world, all other rebell- ions, all other treasons, will dwindle to insignificance before the enormity and wickedness of the present. The loyal States and the general Government have given an example of patience and for- bearance which was fast being regarded as weakness and imbecility. But, thank God, there is a change. The Government still has power. She struggled long to avert a war, but it has been at last forced upon her. Now she will test her power and prove too strong
(368)
369
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY.
for treason. There are loyal men enough to defend the Union against every foe. The old Jackson spirit still lives and is intensi- fied seven-fold. . The Union must and shall be preserved.' We love the old Union more and more every day. The star-spangled banner creates sensations never felt before. Men of all parties feel that no other banner shall ever float over us. The cursed rattle- snake banner has no business on American soil, and by the blessings of God it shall be driven back to the hell from which it came. The descendants of the pilgrims will never disgrace their ancestry. The clouds will scatter, day will dawn, and out of the thick gloom of the present, liberty will come forth arrayed in robet of rejoicing, and enter upon new glories, 'heights unattempted yes in prose or rhyme.'
6 The land Is never lost that has a son to right her, And here are troops of sons, and loyal ones. Strong in her children should a mother be ; Shall ours be helpless, that has sons like us?"
With feelings like these gushing from every heart, it is no wonder that her able-bodied sons sprang to arms, and interposed " fortune, life and sacred honor" in defense of the country. In this noble work the sons of Washtenaw county were behind no oth- ers in self-sacrifice. The call was no sooner flashed over the wires than a company was formed at Ann Arbor, becoming part of the First Regiment of Michigan Volunteers. They at once marched to the front, served out their time of three months, returned and re- enlisted again for three years or during the war.
At every call from the President responses were made, and no county in the State shows a better record than Washtenaw. About 4,000 brave men went forth to battle, 450 of whom never returned -their lives being offered as a sacrifice upon their country's altar. On nearly every battle-field in the South, at Bull Run, the Wilder- ness, Spottsylvania, Gettysburg, Antietam and other equally renowned conflicts they fell, and always "with their faces to the foe." Many of those who at the close of the war ' did return, may daily be seen, some with empty sleeves, some with wooden legs, and others with marks disfiguring them for life, but all happy with the thought that their loss was their country's gain.
Short sketches of the various regiments in which any considerable number of men were from Washtenaw county, as well as a list of volunteers compiled from the Adjutant General's report, are here appended :
FIRST INFANTRY FOR THREE MONTHS.
The first regiment in which Washtenaw county was represented was that of the First infantry, Michigan Volunteers, the enlistment being for three months. After serving its time, the regiment re- turned and was reorganized, and re-enlistments were made for three
370
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY.
years or during the war. The following is the roster of officers and men as sworn into service:
Commissioned Officers. Major, Franklin H. Whit- tlesey. Surgeon, William Fuller. Quartermaster, David A. Wise.
COMPANY A.
Captain, Russell H. Alcott. Non-commissioned Officers. Sergeant, David Stanway. Corporal, George D. Cowles
Privates.
Aldrich, William
Belhousen, John C. E.
Boyd, Robert
Bucklin, Frank D. Carr, Edward S.
Case, Edward S.
Cook, Van Rensselaer V. Cook, Henry V.
De Forrest, John H. Drake, Jacob C.
Diamond, David B. Diamond, David L. Ensinger, Clement Flodman, Frederick Gilbert, Thomas L. Hoodman, Frederick Henchion, Timothy Jackiway, Phineas I. Kanousi, James Kneisley, George Manly, Charles H. McCourt, Matthew Penney, Daniel J.
Penney, James A.
Penney, Charles L. Pomeroy, William T.
Runyan, Oscar V. Rustling, Thomas F. Rollen, John
Smith, Gilbert M. Smith, James K. Stockwell, Stephen S. Woodruff, Quincy A.
COMPANY B.
Privates.
Havens, William Ohara, Edward COMPANY C.
Commissioned Officers. Captain, George P.Sanford Non-commissioned Officers. Sergeant, John Bedford. Sergeant, Irving Storms.
Sergeant, George Vander- maker. Corporal, Oscar M. Bayley. Corporal, Charles O. Vib- ber. Privates.
Allen, Isaac S.
Beegan, John
Cower, George Conrath, Charles
Edwards, Thomas
Edwards, William
Essey, John F.
Fraser, Charles W.
Fishe, John B.
Fisher, William
Gilett, Orson
Lindsey, Albert
Morse, Leonard E.
Nealhouse, Henry
Newman, William R. North, Arthur E.
North, Granville T.
Omling, Charles Rice, Lorain Sanford, Orlow Seigle, William
Sheckell, John R. Schneider, Frederick
Skneehouse, Henry Weeks, Hiram S. Worthington, Charles
COMPANY D.
Commissioned Officers. Lieut., Eben T.Whittlesey. Privates.
Bates, Abraham
Bennett, William
Britton, Jacob A.
Brezette, Warren E.
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