USA > Michigan > Washtenaw County > History of Washtenaw County, Michigan : together with sketches of its cities, villages and townships...and biographies of representative citizens : history of Michigan > Part 97
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1846. 1848. No. 11 300 499
No. of children between 4 and 18.
No.12
357
438
No. 11
278
150
No. enrolled in school.
No. 12 No. 11 $450
180 167
$800.00
Amount of money received.
No. 12
450
348. 75
No. 11 224
Amount paid teachers
No. 12 90
The two districts remained separate for eight years, until 1853. They accomplished but little for the educational growth of the place, and most thoroughly failed to supply its educational neces- sities. It was clearly seen that proper and ample educational facil- ities for the city could be had only by uniting the two districts and grading the schools. But a consolidation was not to be secured without a struggle, and, although many who had favored separa- tion, were now eager for reunion, it required all the tact and influ- ence of such men as Erastus O. Haven, Daniel Godfrey, Edwin Law- rence, Donald McIntyre, L. S. Hobert, Philip Beach, J. N. Gott, Abram Sager and Chas. Tripp to bring together the districts, and set the school on the road to wider usefulness and prosperity.
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The present epoch of the public schools began its history in 1853 by the union, under general laws, of the two districts, Nos. 11 and 12 (of the township), which comprised the limits of the city. Ann Arbor at that time had been a chartered city two years. After
55
934
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY.
much consideration and no little sharp advocacy of different sites, the present site of the Central Building was purchased the same year for $2,000. The Central Building was erected in 1854-'5 at a cost of $30,000, and was opened for school purposes in 1856.
A special legislative act for the organization and government of the city schools, was procured in 1859. In 1865 this act was amended, or rather re-made, and in the form it then took, except a slight change made in '79, remains still in force.
The 5th ward, not then a part of the city, with its present build- ings was annexed to the district in 1861. About this time several other annexations of contiguous territory were made to the district.
The school attendance rapidly increased; the necessity soon came for more school-room, and the ward buildings were erected in rapid succession. The 2d ward house was built in 1860; the 1st ward house in 1862; the 3rd ward bouse in 1866; the 4th ward house in 1869. In 1871 the Central Building was enlarged to nearly double its former capacity.
During this building period the basement of the Central Build- ing and those of some of the city churches were used for school pur- poses.
The "Old Academy " was sold in 1862. In 1868 the North school building was sold to the society of St. Thomas, for school purposes, and the same year the Catholics seceded from the public schools, withdrawing about 200 pupils and establishing a school of their own.
While operating under the general law, the district had the fol- lowing Directors: E. Lawrence, elected in 1853 and 1854; Charles Tripp, elected in 1855; E. Lawrence, elected again 1856; E. B. Pond, elected in 1857 and 1858. Under the special act of 1859 the first Board of Trustees was as follows :- E. W. Morgan, J. M. Wheeler, E. Mann, Philip Bach, W. C. Vorbees, E. B. Pond; J. M. Wheeler was elected President; E. B. Pond, Secretary; and Philip Bach, Treasurer.
The officers of the Board down to the present time have been as follows :- Presidents, J. M. Wheeler 1859 to 1871, Abram Sager 1872; E. B. Pond 1873 to 1876; W. D. Ilarriman 1878 to present. Secretaries, E. B. Pond 1859 to 1864, H. D. Bennett 1865 to 1866, W. W. Whedon 1867 to 1869, James B. Gott 1870 to 1877, J. L. Burleigh 1878 to 1879, W. W. Whedon 1880 to present. Treas- urers, Philip Bach 1857 to 1876, Leonard Greiner 1877 to present.
The city has been exceedingly fortunate, almost without excep- tion, in the character of its School Board. It has uniformly been composed of the best men of the city, men who have appreciated education and its work, and who have cared for the schools in a wise and generous way.
The first attempt at grading the schools seems to have been made in 1856 upon the opening of the Central Building, when the primary, grammar and high-school departments were established,
935
ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP.
or rather marked off. At this point the public schools entered ยท upon a new era of prosperity.
From that time forth the Ann Arbor high school has been one of the most prominent features of the city. It is one of the largest preparatory and academical schools in the country, and its reputa- tion has become well nigh national. Of its 400 to 500 pupils, about 60 per cent. are non-residents. Its annual tuition receipts go far toward cancelling the cost of its support, while many fami- lies become temporary residents of the city in order to secure the advantages of its superior instruction. Since 1861, the date of its first graduating class, the school has graduated 870 of its pupils, a large proportion of whom entered the University of Michigan. It is doubtful if any other enterprise of the city has contributed more, even to its material prosperity, than has the Ann Arbor high School.
The high school was organized in 1856 with J. C. Abbot, now President of the Agricultural College, as Principal. He was suc- ceeded, two years afterward, by D. B. Briggs, with C. B. Grant as Associate Principal. After two years Mr. Briggs resigned; Mr. Grant became Principal, and continued two years, giving all the instruction in Latin and Greek.
The first Superintendent of the Public Schools was N. W. Law- ton, elected in 1862. He served five years, and was followed in 1867 by Elisha Jones, who remained three years. The present incumbent, W. S. Perry, was elected in 1870.
The principals of the high school since the resignation of Mr. Grant in '62 have been as follows: Martin L. D'Ooge, appointed in '62; Arthur Everett, '64; J. D. H. Cornelius, '65; A. W. Ham- ilton, '67; A. H. Pattengill, '68; S. R. Winchell, '69; I. N. Dem- mon, '73; J. G. Pattengill, '76.
The development of the high school may be indicated as fol- lows: At the outset of '56, two courses of study, of three years each, the English and the classical, were established. together with special courses of two years in French and German. In '68 the Latin and elective courses were added, and the other two courses considerably strengthened. The elective course proved worthless, and was soon dropped. In '70 a scientific course of two vears was adopted; in '71 it was extended to three years. In '74 the French and German special courses were discontinued, French and German incorporated in the Latin and scientific courses, and all the regular literary courses extended to four years each. In '72 a commercial course of one year was organized, which, in '77, was extended to two years.
Drawing was a part of the grammar-school course from the opening of the Central Building, '56. Since '75 it has been taught in all the lower grades above the second. Painting was taught in the high school from '56 to '75.
At first, piano music was taught in the Central Building, but a few years sufficed to show that the school had higher and worthier
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936
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY.
functions than teaching instrumental music, and it was dropped. Vocal music was made a special study in all grades below the high school in '72.
Aiming to be conservative of all the good of the past, the schools of the city are ever on the alert to keep abreast of every forward movement in the educational reform, and to make practical in the school room the wisest conclusions of educational science.
The following three series of statistics taken at intervals of 10 years, are a fair illustration of the growth of the material interests of the city schools: School census-1860, 1,472; 1870, 2,268; 1880, 2,483; enrollment-1860, 1,307; 1870, 1,864; 1880, 1,877; tuition- 1860, $1,202; 1870, $2,025; 1880, $4,814; salaries-1860, $5,741; 1870, $14,823; 1880, $17,651; appropriations-1860, $9,555; 1870, $16,030; 1880, $18,700.
SCHOOL DISTRICTS OF ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP.
Fractional District No. 3 comprises section 5 and parts of sec- - tions 4, 6 and 8. It has a brick school-house valued at $500. An- drew Smith, Director.
District No. 7 comprises sections 13 and 14 and part of sections 15, 22, 23 and 24. It has a brick school-house valued at $1,000. Orlando Lathrop is Director.
District No. 6 comprises section 12 and part of sections 1, 2 and 11. It has a frame school-house valued at $600. H. H. Camp is the present Director of the district.
Fractional District No. 16 comprises section 19 and part of sections 7 and 18. J. F. Staebler is the present Director. Its school- house is of stone and valued at $300.
District No. 8 comprises sections 25, 35 and 36, and parts of sections 23, 24 and 27. It has a frame school-house valued at $400. Nathan T. White, Director.
District No. 5 comprises sections 15, 16, 9 and 10, and parts of sections 8, 11 and 17. Its school-house is a frame building and valued at $600. W. H. Taylor, Director.
Fractional District No. 16 comprises parts of sections 1 and 67. It has a brick school-house valued at $800. C. M. Osgood, Director.
BANKS-FIRST NATIONAL BANK.
When the Government gave to the people the privilege of or- ganizing national banks, agreeable to an act of Congress, one of the first applications mnade was from citizens of Ann Arbor, result- ing in the organization of the First National Bank on the first day of July, 1863. The capital stock of the new bank was fixed at $75,- 000, which was quickly taken by 55 of the leading citizens of the city and vicinity. At the first meeting of stock-holders, Volney Chapin was elected President, Ebenezer Wells, Vice-President; Charles H. Richmond, Cashier. This bank was the first in the
937
ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP.
State of Michigan, and was the 22d in the entire nation. At the ex- piration of the first quarter, Sept. 30, 1863, the following statement was made according to law:
RESOURCES.
Cash.
$30,285.26
U. S. bonds.
42,500.00
Furniture.
985.37
Expense.
943.07
Bank North America, N. Y
7,294.26
State Bank of Michigan.
8,563.02
Jay Cooke.
5,000.00
Bills discounted.
32,147.52
Total.
$127,718.50
LIABILITIES.
Capital stock.
$75,000.00
Individual deposits
46,804.12
Exchange.
97.07
Interest.
542.01
Subscription for U. S. bonds
532.98
Certificate of deposits
4,742.32
Total
$127,718.50
The capital stock remained at $75,000 until July 1, 1865, when it was increased to $100,000, at which figure it remained one year, being then increased to $125,000. On the 1st of July, 1869, it was again increased to $150,000, at which amount it now remains. The banking business, for about three years, was transacted in Hang- sterfer's block. In 1866 a piece of ground was purchased on South Main street, at a cost of $5,000, on which was erected a three-story building, costing $10,700. Changes in the officers of the bank have been few. In 1865 Mr. Chapin was succeeded as President by Ebenezer Wells, who has been re-elected annually ever since. R. S. Smith succeeded Dr. Wells as Vice-President, in 1865, remaining in that connection until 1869. when Philip Bach was elected, and yet occupies the position. J. W. Knight succeeded Charles H. Richmond, as Cashier, in 1866, and has been re-elected to the po- sition at each annual election of officers. Mr. Knight has been con- nected with the bank since its organization, and since his first election as Cashier, he has had the general business management of the institution. To his judicious care and oversight, the fine success which has attended from the first day its doors were opened to the present time, is a great measure due. No bank in the country can show a better record of good management than the First National Bank of Ann Arbor. For 14 years not a penny was lost in the col- lection of the vast amount that has from time to time been loaned by the bank. In 1877 its first loss occurred from the depreciation of certain collaterals taken to secure payment of a loan. Of the 55 original stock-holders, 20 have since died, and of the remainder 30
.
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938
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY.
yet hold its stock. Since its organization 178 persons have pos- sessed some of its stock. The present number of stockholders is 85 The following is the statement made by the Cashier, Oct. 1, 1880, which is given as illustrative of the growth of the bank since its or- ganization:
RESOURCES.
Loans and discounts
$251,539.45
Overdrafts. ..
190.68
U. S. bonds to secure circulation.
100,000.00
U. S. bonds on hand .. 10,000.00
Other stocks, bonds and mortgages.
6,000.00
Due from approved reserve agents.
26,551.45
Due from State banks and bankers.
12,178.62
Real estate, furniture and fixtures.
17,000.00
Current expenses and taxes paid. 1,211.51
Checks and other cash items. 1,822.10
Bills of other national banks. 12,257.00
Fractional currency (including nickels).
50.99
Specie.
9,029.15
Legal-tender notes. 18,490.00
Redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent. of circulation).
4,500.00
Total.
$470,920.95
LIABILITIES.
Capital stock paid in.
$100,000.00
Surplus fund ..
40,000.00
Other undivided profits.
9,999.35
National-bank notes outstanding
89,300.00
Dividends unpaid.
84.00
Individual deposits subject to check.
$218,863.65
Demand certificates of deposit.
11,673.95
Certified checks.
1,000.00
231,537.60
Total.
$470,920.95
ANN ARBOR SAVINGS BANK.
This institution was organized May, 1869, by the election of R. S. Smith, President; Christian Mack, Vice-President; Schuyler Grant, Cashier. It at once secured the confidence of the public as is shown from the following statement made at the close of business hours, Nov. 30, 1869:
LIABILITIES.
Capital
$ 50,000 00
Deposits.
110,292 05
Profit and loss
3,176 97
Total.
$163,469 02
939
ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP.
RESOURCES.
Loans and Discounts. . $ 95,262 94
United States 5-20 Bonds.
1,250 00
Furniture and fixtures. 2,407 72
Revenue stamps. . 765 00
Due from banks and bankers. 366,924 39
Legal tenders and national bank notes. 24,763 00
Fractional currency and nickels
1,534 40
Cash items.
561 57
Total.
$163,469 02
This confidence has never been betrayed, the bank constantly gaining in number of depositors and amount of deposits. The following is the statement for Jan. 3, 1881:
RESOURCES.
Loans and discounts.
$279,670 89
Bonds and mortgages. 105,212 13
U. S. 4-per-cent. Bonds.
11,079 36
Overdrafts. 112 46
Revenue stamps. .. 76 00
Furniture and fixtures
3,930 85
Bills in transit ..
4,068 75
Due from national and State banks.
47,654 97
Silver coin and nickels.
3,936 04
Legal tender and bank notes
34,429 00
Total
$490,170 45
LIABILITIES.
Capital stock.
$ 50,000 00
Surplus fund.
5,000 00
January dividend.
2,146 00
Undivided profits
8,530 07
Due depositors.
424,494 38
Total.
$490,170 45
The first Directors of the bank were: Christian Mack, T. M. Cooley, W. W. Wines, E. W. Morgan, M. Rogers, C. T. Wilmot, R. S. Smith, all of whom are recognized as sound business men. Its present Directors are: Christian Mack, R. A. Beal, Daniel His- cock, W. W. Wines, W. D. Harriman, William Deubel, W. B. Smith, worthy successors to the first Board.
Mr. Smith remained President of the bank for about three years and was succeeded by Judge T. M. Cooley, who remained at its head a year and a half, then resigned, and Mr. Smith was again elected, serving until his death, which occurred in 1876. Christian Mack was chosen to fill the vacancy, and yet remains at its head. W. W. Wines was elected Vice-President in place of Mr. Mack.
Schuyler Grant served as Cashier until 1874, when he resigned. The Board of Directors, on meeting, decided to postpone the elec- tion of Cashier, desiring to hold the position for Charles E. Hiscock,
940
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY.
who, at the time, had not attained his majority, but who had shown fine business qualities. Mr. Hiscock was therefore elected Teller, and as soon as he reached his legal majority, was elected Cashier, and yet holds the position. Under his careful management, ably assisted by the Board of Directors, the bank shows a record of which all may well be proud.
On the organization of the bank, it was located on the southeast corner of Main and Huron streets, where it remained 10 years, when it was removed to its present location, northwest corner Main and Huron.
ARTESIAN WELL.
In 1871 an artesian well was sunk on Main street, and after- ward abandoned. At a depth of 334 feet a vein of salt water was struck. The Argus, of Feb. 24, 1871, says: "The water filters clear and pure, and its strength is put at 50 per cent. The water rises in the tube to within 25 feet of the surface. One gallon of water brought up in the sand pump through 300 feet of fresh water, produced by evaporation one pound of salt."
ANN ARBOR GAS LIGHT COMPANY.
Believing the city to have groped in darkness a sufficient length of time, a company was formed and duly organized, under the gen- eral laws, on the 17th of March, 1858, for the purpose of manufact- uring and supplying the citizens of the city with coal gas. An unlimited charter was granted by the city to the company to run their mains through the streets and erect such buildings as might be necessary for its business. The capital stock of the company was placed at $23,000, every dollar of which was instantly subscribed and paid up. At the first meeting of the stockholders, Hiram Becker was elected President; Henry W. Wells, Secretary; E. W. Morgan, S. H. Douglas and Charles Tripp, Directors. Steps were immedi- ately taken for the erection of buildings and laying of four miles of street main, the contract for that purpose being awarded to James Clements for the sum of $21,000. During the summer of 1858, Mr. Clements completed his contract, and early in the fall gas was turned into the mains, and the city was lighted with it for the first time. The price of gas was fixed at $4 per 1,000 feet, and remained at that figure until 1861, when it was reduced to $3.50. In 1864, in consequence of the advance of every article of manufacture to war prices, it was raised to $4. It remained at this price until 1875, when it was again reduced to $3.50, at which figure it now remains. The first year there were about 100 consumers. At present there are 332 consumers and 66 street lamps. The first year's receipts of the company were $7,058.80; for 1879 was re- ceived $15,132.01. There is no record of the number of feet of gas consumed until 1868, when it amounted to 4,213,300 feet. This
941
ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP.
was gradually increased up to 1873, when it reached 4,855,746 feet. The hard times which commenced here the following year caused some to abandon the use of gas and return to a cheaper, though an inferior, article of light. In 1878, good times being restored, the increase in the amount of gas consumed was quite perceptible, while in 1879 it was still greater. There are now nearly seven miles of street main, 66 public lamps, and 332 private consumers. The stock in 1861 was increased to $30,000, and further increased in 1866 to $40,000. In 1871 it again became necessary to increase the stock, which was raised to $60,000, at which figure it now re- mains. The company early adopted the policy of using its surplus earnings, beyond a reasonable dividend, in making improvements in the works. There has already been expended in the construc- tion of the works $67,000, some $7,000 more than is shown by the capital, which goes to prove that there is no fictitious stock in the company, and for every dollar represented there is about $1.10 worth of property. Dr. S. H. Douglas has been superintendent of the works since the formation of the company, and under his careful management, whatever success has attended is, in a meas- ure, due to him. The present officers of the company are: J. Austin Scott, President; William H. Douglas, Secretary; Silas H. Doug- las and John W. Hunt, Directors; Silas H. Douglas, Superintend- ent.
MANUFACTORIES.
The enterprise of a village or city is often judged by the num- ber and general prosperity of its manufactories. While it may be true that a city can be prosperous without manufactories, it having other attractions, such as good schools, excellent churches, facilities for being a pleasure resort, yet having manufactories that supply not only the wants of its own citizens, but many from abroad, makes it very evident that it is prosperous. While Ann Arbor cannot boast of as many manufacturing institutions as some other points, it possesses at present quite a number, some of which have been in existence many years. The first manufactory of any de- scription established in the place was that of the old tannery of G. & C. Prusica, in 1829. How long these gentlemen continued in the business is unknown. The name has long since dropped out of the directories of the city. Other firms have been established in the same business, flourished for a time and then disappeared. At present there are two firms engaged in the business, the oldest of which is that of
Henry Krause .- In 1850 Mr. Krause built a frame tannery on the corner of Second and Williams streets, and commenced to manu- facture leather for the market. In 1868 his business had grown to such proportions as to make necessary the erection of a larger and more substantial building. He then built a large tannery of brick, with an engine house connected with it, the cost of which was
942
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY.
$15,000. The tannery proper is 30x120 feet in size, and two-stories high, while the engine room covers a piece of ground some 18x30 feet. A large storage house for bark is near the main building and holds annually some 225 cords of oak bark. The tannery is fitted up with all the modern machinery, is run by steam, and furnishes labor for 12 men. About 50 vats and tanks and 4 leaches are used in the manufacture of the leather, which finds a ready sale through- out the State. The annual sales of Mr. Krause amount to about $45,000. All kinds of leather are manufactured, but principally that used for harness.
Jacob Heinzman .- In 1851 Mr. Heinzman started a tannery on the corner of Third and Jefferson streets. He erected a building 50x60 feet in size and two-stories high, and containing 30 vats and leaches. In a few years his son was taken into partnership, and the firm name was changed to Jacob Heinzman & Son. The tan- nery turns out a good quality of upper, calf, kip and harness leather, but principally the latter. The assessed value of the build- ings are about $4,000, while the yearly sales amount to $25,000. The firm employ seven hands in the manufacture of the leather, which is sold mostly in the States of Michigan, Indiana and Illi- nois.
Distillery .- Among the early manufactories was the distillery establishment of Hawley, Nash & Co. The following advertise- ment of the firm appeared in the first issue of the Western Emi- grant: "L. Hawley, Nash & Co. beg leave to inform the public that they have erected a distillery in the vicinity of Ann Arbor, which will be in operation by the 1st of December next, where they will keep constantly on hand a superior quality of rectified whisky, which they will sell as low as can be purchased in the Territory, by the gallon or barrel, for cash. Whisky exchanged for grain on lib- eral terms. From a long experience and strict attention to busi- ness they hope to merit a share of public patronage." This ad- vertisement was dated Nov. 18, 1829. Whisky in those days was a legitimate article of commerce.
Ann Arbor Agricultural Company .- In 1867 Lewis M. Moore bought a piece of land on the left bank of the Huron river in the lower town of Ann Arbor, and started in the manufacture of ag- ricultural implements, his son, Eli W., being connected with him in the business, under the firm name of Lewis M. Moore & Son. This firm made seed drills till 1869. About the same time the above firm started, John Finnegan and Frank Howard started in the same business at the crossing of Catherine and Detroit streets, in Ann Arbor proper, and ran the business successfully till 1869, when the two firms consolidated, with a capital of $13,000, and continued business in the lower town. The works in- creased their manufactured goods till 1873, when about $40,000 worth were sold. This same year the elder Moore died, and the business was operated by the remaining members of the firm till 1878, when the now existing Ann Arbor Agricultural Works was
943
ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP.
formed , with a stock company and a paid up capital of $50,000. The officers are J. Austin Scott, President; G. W. Knight, Treas- urer; Earl Knight, Secretary, and John Finnegan, Manager. The company occupied a main building, 40x90 feet, three-stories high, erected in 1876 by the old firm; a polishing shop, 30x70 feet, one- story high; a foundry 50x105 feet, also erected by the old firm in 1874; and during 1880, the company erected two buildings, one 40x90 feet, and the other 24 feet square, which are used in the manufacture of the implements turned out by this firm. The grounds are large and extensive, covering some three acres. The company utilize the water near them to a great extent, their ma- chinery being run by both steam and water. The " Advance" plow and an improved feed cutter are the only kind of implements man- ufactured, and they find a good market in all parts of the Union. The firm employ some 75 men. The stockholders have been in- creased to 24, and the capital stock to $75,000.
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