USA > Michigan > Wayne County > Detroit > The city of Detroit, Michigan, 1701-1922, Vol. I > Part 84
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PHARMACEUTICAL AND DENTAL
"Retail Druggist", a monthly pharmaceutical magazine, was established in 1892 and is now published by Edward N. Hayes. "The New Idea", a quarterly magazine devoted to commercial pharmacy, is published by the Frederick Stearns & Company, manufacturing pharmacists. This publication was estab- lished as a monthly in January, 1878. "The Druggists' Bulletin", B. W. Palmer, M. D., editor, was established in 1887, but is now out of existence. "The Health Record", established in 1885, and now defunct some twenty-five years, advo- cated hygiene and sanitation. "The American Pharmacist", monthly, existed from 1886 until 1894, and "The Pharmaceutical Era", also monthly, about the same length of time. "The Bulletin of Pharmacy", established in 1887, is published monthly by E. G. Swift. The "Journal of Detroit Retail Druggists' Associations and A. & M. S. P. A." is issued monthly under the editorship of R. J. Lakey. "The Odontoblast", issued by the student's dental department of the Detroit College of Medicine, was started about 1901 and ceased publica- tion about 1912.
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MEDICAL JOURNALISM
The history of medieal journalism in Detroit is presented in the chapter "The Story of Medicine in Detroit", written by J. H. Dempster, M. D., F. A. C. P.
LEGAL PUBLICATIONS
"The Michigan Edition of the Northwest Reporter" was the representative of "Supreme Court Decisions", a quarterly law journal, first published in Octo- ber, 1873, with Hoyt Post as editor. In October, 1875, the name was changed to "The Michigan Lawyer", and in October, 1878, to "The Michigan Edition of the Northwest Reporter". It was published by Richmond, Backus & Com- pany and issued weekly until ISS2.
"The American Legal News", published monthly, by the American Legal News Corporation, was established in the year 1889. "The Law Students' Helper", issued by the Sprague Publishing Company, had its beginning in 1893. "The Michigan Law Journal", monthly, under the editorship of Robert T. Speed, was published from 1894 until 1899. "The Detroit Legal News", issued daily except Sunday, was started in 1895: the publication is a member of the American Court Press Association. "The Detroit Law Journal", issued by the Detroit Law Journal Company, was begun in 1898.
RELIGIOUS PUBLICATIONS
"The Michigan Catholic", under the title of "The Western Home Journal", an eight-page Catholic weekly, was established by the Home Journal Company September 28, 1872, and is yet being published as the principal organ of the Detroit Diocese. William E. Savage became the proprietor in January, 1878, and at the beginning of the year 1883 William H. Hughes took over the paper and continued publication under the name of "The Michigan Catholic", a title which has been retained continuously. Rev. Frank A. Pokriefka is the editor of the paper at the present time.
"The Western Catholic Register" was started July 23, 1842 by Eugene T. Smith and existed for about a year.
"The Western Evangelist," a weekly, was first issued in the fall of 1850 by Jabez Fox and lasted for two years.
"Waymarks in the Wilderness", a monthly treatment of the Scripture by James Inglis & Company lasted from May, 1854 until early in the following year.
"The Western Catholie" was established September 12, 1868 by David Barry & Company and was removed to Chicago in January, 1872.
"Baptist Tidings", monthly, was moved from Mason to Detroit by D. B. Harrington and here first issued October 17, 1868. In July, 1869 it was eon- solidated with the "Standard" of Chicago.
"The Detroit Pulpit", edited by Rev. J. P. Scott, was composed of sermons by Detroit pastors, and was issued for about three years from September, 1872.
"Our Dioceses", a Protestant Episcopal paper, was established by Rev. J. T. Webster as a monthly in November, 1873, and in February, 1880, it was merged with "The Living Church" of Chicago.
"The Evangelical Observer", Rev. George Duffield, editor, was started by the firm of Geiger & Christian, November 18, 1844 and existed for about two years.
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"The Medium", a semi-monthly in the interests of the Swedenborgian, or New Jerusalem, Church, was first published at Jackson, Michigan, December 25, 1848, later moved to Marshall, this state, and on January 15, 1850 was moved to Detroit. It was issued here for three years, then transferred to Cin- cinnati.
There are records of two publications apparently, each bearing the name of the "Michigan Christian Herald." The first of these was a monthly established in January, 1842, by the Baptist state convention, with Rev. A. Ten Brook as editor. In January, 1863 several Baptists bought the paper and removed it to Kalamazoo and in the fall of 1866 it was absorbed by the "Baptist Standard" of Chicago. The second paper known as "The Michigan Christian Herald" was the state organ of the Baptist Church and was first published at Kalamazoo February 1, 1870 by Luther H. Trowbridge. It was first called "The Torchlight" and was issued bi-monthly. At the beginning of 1873 it was issued bi-weekly and named "The Herald and Torchlight". In October, 1873, the publication was removed to Detroit, a few months later issued weekly, and on January 1, 1875 it was given the title of "The Michigan Christian Herald", which it retained throughout its existence of thirty-five years.
"The Central Mirror", a monthly publication of the Central Methodist Episcopal Church, was issued for about ten years from 1885.
"The Angelus", a Catholic weekly issued now by the Catholic Bulletin Publishing Company, was established at Detroit in 1SS4.
"The Beacon", a Congregational weekly, was issued from November 23, 1884, until about 1893.
"The Michigan Christian Advocate" was originally "The Adrian District Methodist", a monthly first issued October 1, 1873 at Adrian, Michigan, by Rev. O. Whitmore. In December following the paper was enlarged and the name "The Michigan Christian Advocate", adopted. In September, 1874, the Detroit conference adopted it as the official organ and three months later the Methodist Publishing Company was organized, the publication bought and removed to Detroit, where on January 1, 1875 it was first issued as a weekly. Rev. O. Whitmore and Rev. Louis R. Fiske were the first editors. The "Michi- gan Christian Advocate" is still one of the leading denominational papers of the state and is issued regularly every week.
"The Michigan Churchman", the monthly publication of the Episcopalian diocese, was first issued January 21, 18SS, under the editorship of Rev. G. Mott Williams. Charles O. Ford is the present editor of the paper and it is published by the Michigan Diocese, Rev. W. Warne Wilson, chairman of the publicity department.
"The American Church Times", edited by Rev. G. Mott Williams, was issued from 1888 until about a year later.
"The Church Messenger and Michigan Citizen" was published about three years beginning in 1889.
"The American Catholic Tribune", started in 1893, is now defunct.
"The Plymouth Weekly and Christian Sociologist", Morgan Wood, editor, lived from about 1893 until 1905.
"The Detroit Churchman" was issued from 1899 until 1912.
"The Michigan Union Advocate" was published for something over ten years from 1903.
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"The Presbyterian Examiner", having been established about 1911, continued for just a few years.
"The Michigan Presbyterian", now out of existence, was started about 1894.
Other publications of religious nature in Detroit include various parish organs such as "St. Ambrose News", "St. Catherine's Holy Name News" and "St. John's Parish Chronicle". "The Associate Parish Weeklies", "Catholic Vigil" and "Knights of Columbus Crusader" are others of this nature. Numerous small religous publications which existed for varying lengths of time many years ago are described in another portion of this chapter dealing with defunet publi- cations.
GERMAN PUBLICATIONS
The history of the German press in Detroit dates from the year 1844, when the "Allgemeine Zeitung", a German democratic weekly, was first issued on September 21st, that year, by Dr. Anthony Kaminsky. A year later the name of the paper was changed to the "Michigan Staats Zeitung." After the death of Doctor Kaminsky in 1850, the paper came into the possession of the firm of Butz & Schimmel, who changed the title to "The Michigan Tribune". Casper Butz was editor of this sheet, and within a short time became proprietor. "The Michigan Democrat" was started in 1853 and in 1854 the "Michigan Tribune" was merged with it. Not proving a success, the paper was sold in May, 1856, to Dr. Peter Klein, who sold January 10, 1857 to Domedian & Kramer. In the meantime, on May 1, 1853, "The Michigan Volksblatt" had been established by F. & W. Schimmel, brothers, with Rudolf Diepenbeck as the first editor. In 1856 it was sold to Domedian & Kramer, who consolidated it with the "Demo- crat" and renamed "The Michigan Democrat and Volksblatt". In December, 1858, Philip Kramer brought out Domedian's interest, and from that time until 1891 the brothers, Philip and Mathias Kramer, were the proprietors of the paper. Beginning in November, 1860, they issued a daily edition, which was named the "Michigan Volksblatt". In May, 1862, the "Michigan Staats Zeitung", which had been established in 1S5S by Rev. Charles D. Haas, was consolidated with the "Volksblatt", and in December, 1891, the paper passed into the hands of a stock company, by which it was published until its demise about 1915.
"The Michigan Journal and Herold" had its beginning with "The Michi- gan Journal", the latter having been the first German daily published in Michi- gan and established June 13, 1855, with daily and weekly editions by August and Conrad Marxhausen. (Other authorities have placed the date of the first issue as April 15, 1853). Farmer's History of Detroit states: "In June, 1870, it was sold to F. Cornchl and F. Pope, who discontinued the daily after March, 1876, and at the same time merged the paper with 'The Herald' of Milwaukee." Another account states: "In 1866 August (Marxhausen) retired to found the 'Familien Blaetter', a German weekly, and Conrad remained as sole proprietor until 1872, when it was transferred to four printers named Fred Cornehl, F. Pope, Jacob Pope and George Goettman, who published it until April 26, 1875, when it died". These accounts vary, but the "Michigan Journal and Herold" continued publication in Detroit until about 1905.
"The Familien Blaetter", a German republican weekly, was first published by August Marxhausen, the elder, July 1, 1866, and has been issued continu-
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ously since that date. On September 5, 1868 Mr. Marxhausen began the publication of the "Detroit Abend-Post", an evening daily. After the elder Marxhausen's death, his son August Marxhausen, Jr. continued as editor of the "Abend-Post" until his own death. The "Abend-Post" is now one of the leading German daily newspapers in the country.
"The Michigan Volks Zeitung", orginally called "The Detroit Sonntag Zeitung", a weekly, was first issued October 15, 1876 by Conrad Marxhausen. The paper then passed through the hands of several owners, including John Becker, Weise Wiencke and L. Lochbihler & Company, and with the issue of March 3, 1882 the name was changed to "The Mighigan Volks Zeitung". The publication of this paper ceased May 16, 1884.
"Die Stimme der Wahrheit", a Catholic weekly in the German language, was started in 1875, and is now defunct. "Der Arme Teufel", once a German weekly in Detroit, was established December 1, 1SS1 by Robert Reitzel. "The Kinder Post", issued on Sunday mornings until about 1912, was started in 1884. Adolph Kaufmann was editor and proprietor for many years. "The Jugend Post" and "Lehrer Post", started in the 'SOs, were issued by the firm of Pope & Coleman for a number of years. "The Sonntags Herold", Adolph Kaufmann, editor, existed from 1884 until about 1911. On October 5, 1SS5 a daily evening edition named the "Herold" began and was continued until June 2, 1886. The "Sonntags Herold" was purchased in 1891 by Charles Vollbracht, who published it until May 1, 1893, when it was sold to Raymond Dopp and Henry Mueller, who in turn sold to Frederick A. Fraeger on May 19, 1893.
A German evening daily named the "Arbeiter Zeitung" was started in May, 1SSS, by the German Publishing Association. This publication, which advo- cated labor interests and was independent in politics was issued until July 14, 1889. It was then changed to a weekly under the title of the "Michigan Arbeiter Zeitung" and continued until April 12, 1890. A daily called the "Detroit Tageblatt" was then started and the weekly "Arbeiter" was continued for about a year. The "Tageblatt" was then published seven days a week until February, 1892, when it was suspended.
Other German publications of Detroit, which have gone out of existence, were: the "Familien Kreise", established 1866, and its weekly supplement, "Die Hauspost"; "Acker and Gartenbau Zeitung", started in 1869; "Der Men- schenfreund", begun in 1886.
"The Republican", a weekly which was issued for a time in 1852 by M. Kramer and Alois Wuerth; and "The Atlantis," a monthly devoted to literary subjects, published for several months in 1853 under the editorship of George Esseleine.
OTHER FOREIGN LANGUAGE PUBLICATIONS
"The Gazette Francais", which was the first French paper published in the territory of Michigan, was issued for about three numbers beginning October 31, 1825. This paper was published at the Detroit "Gazette" office, with E. Reed, editor; was a paper in octavo form, and was to have been issued on the first and third week of every month.
"L'Amie la Jeunnesse", (Friend of Youth), was a weekly first issued May 23, 1843, by James A. Girardin: E. N. Lacroix was editor. Nine numbers only were published.
"Le Citoyen", a French literary weekly, quarto form, was started May 11,
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1850 and continued six months. L. J. Paulin was the publisher and E. N. Lacroix was editor.
"L'Impartial", French weekly, was issued by a French society and edited by Mederic Lanetot. It was begun November 20, 1869 and about ten numbers issued, after which the name was changed to "The Anti-Roman Advocate". Under the new title it survived only a brief space.
"L'Etoile Canadienne" was issued by Joseph A. Oulette and James A. Girardin for a year beginning January 19, 1871.
"Le Courier", a literary weekly, began October 12, 1876. The title was soon changed to "Le Journal de Detroit" and in 1877 the publication was abandoned.
"Franeais Pour Tous", a literary and educational publication now issued monthly except July and August, was established in 1919 by the Alliance Francais and is now issued by The French Publishing Company.
Of the Polish papers published in Detroit at the present time the "Sunday Record", formerly the "Polonia Rekord", is the oldest, having been established as a weekly in 1898, and is now published by the Polonia Publishing Company.
"Dziennik Polski", issued every evening except Sunday by the Polish-Ameri- can Publishing Company, was established in the year of 1903. This is the oldest Polish daily now in Detroit.
"Rekord-Codzienny", Polish Daily Record, was started in 1913 and is issued by the Polonia Publishing Company. This is the leading Polish paper in America.
"Ognisko Domowoe", a Polish weekly, was started in 1914, and the "Polish Daily News" was also established about this time. Both are now being pub- lished, the latter under the management of the Polish-American Publishing Com- pany.
"Dziennik Ludowy" (Peoples Daily), a Socialist paper published in Chicago, has a eireulation of about 3,000 in Detroit.
"Glos Robotniezy", a Communistie paper, was established about 1917.
Among the Polish publications of Detroit which are now defunet may be mentioned: "Pielgrzym Polski", which existed a short time from 1SS5; "Gwiozda Detroicka", a weekly issued from 1889 until 1893; "Polonia", a weekly issued from 189S for about fifteen years; "The Polish Daily", which existed from 1905 to 1910: and "Niedziela", Polish illustrated weekly, issued by the Polish Seminary from 1890 until 1910.
"La Voce del Popolo", a weekly Italian publication, was established at Detroit in the year 1910, and is now published by the Italian Publishing Company, Rev. Joseph Ciarrocchi, editor.
The "Tribuna Italiana D'America" is a weekly which was started in 1909 and is now edited by Vincenzo Guiliano.
The "Gazette Van Detroit" a Belgian weekly issued by The Belgian Press, was established in 1914. The "Detroitenaar", a Belgian weekly started in 1914, and the "Belgian Press", begun about the same year, have also been pub- lished in the city.
"Magyar Ujsag", Hungarian News, published weekly, was started in 1909. "Magyar Hirlap", a Hungarian daily, was begun in 1914. Julius Fedor is the editor of the former and Anton Fedor of the latter. "Dongo" is the name of a Hungarian semi-monthly of humorous character, which was established in 1902.
"Russian Life" was established at Detroit in 1914.
The Jewish publications now issued in the city are: "The Jewish Chronicle".
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a weekly established in 1914; the "Jewish Daily", (Der Weg), a Yiddish daily started in 1919; "Forward", a Jewish daily; and "Die Zeit", a daily.
NEWSPAPERS IN WAYNE COUNTY TOWNS
At Belleville, as early as 1880, there was established a newspaper called the "Mirador", which was a weekly and independent in politics. The present newspaper of the town, the "Enterprise", established in 1SS6, is issued weekly, and also has been issued since 1892 as an edition for the town of Romulus under the title of the "Roman".
In 1901 there was founded at Dearborn the publication known as "The Dearborn Independent", under the editorship of M. T. Woodruff. This paper is now owned by Henry Ford, automobile manufacturer, and is issued weekly with a nation-wide circulation. The "Independent" has gained its success through its unique and distinctive editorial policy.
The Dearborn "Press", a weekly republican paper, was established in 1918.
The Ecorse "Review" was started in 1915 and is issued upon Friday of each week.
The Ford "Times", a weekly newspaper, was begun in 1907.
The Grosse Pointe "Times", an independent weekly edition, was first issued in 1900.
The Hamtramck "American" was a weekly newspaper established in 1916. The Hamtramck "News", now published as an independent weekly paper, has been in existence since 1902.
The Highland Park "Times", weekly newspaper of republican politics, was started in 1911, while the "Highland Parker", also a weekly, had its beginning in 1919.
The Northville "Record" is the oldest paper in the county outside of the City of Detroit, having been established in the year 1869, and is now issued weekly. Politically, the paper follows an independent course.
The Plymouth "Mail", a local weekly newspaper, was started in 1887.
The Redford "Record", an independent sheet issued weekly, was first pub- lished in 1900.
The River Rouge "Herald", issued Friday of each week, was begun in 1913. This paper is also issued in another edition as the "Oakwood Outlook". The River Rouge "Leader", established in 1899, is now defunct.
The Trenton "Times", established in 1876, is an independent paper issued weekly. There is also printed an edition known as the "Register" for Flat Rock, an edition for Rockwood known as the "News" and one for Wyandotte called the "Blade".
"The Wayne Weekly", an independent newspaper, was started in 1913. In 1877 there was established a paper in Wayne known as the "Review", but this has ceased publication.
"The Down-River Suburbanite", published weekly at Wyandotte, was begun in 1893, and the Wyandotte "Herald", also weekly, came into existence as early as 1879.
Other newspapers of the county towns, which are now out of existence, were: the Detroit Junction "Call", established 1SS1; Delray and Springwells "Times", started 1894; Delray and Springwells "Advocate", founded 1900; the Wyandotte "Republican", started 1886, and the "Record" of the same place, begun in 1904.
Vol. 1-53
CHAPTER XXXII
LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS
FIRST SUGGESTION FOR A PUBLIC LIBRARY IN DETROIT-CITY LIBRARY OF DETROIT -DETROIT YOUNG MENS' SOCIETY-DETROIT LYCEUM- MICHIGAN LYCEUM- HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MICHIGAN-DETROIT MECHANICS' LIBRARY-DETROIT PUBLIC LIBRARY-FIRST QUARTERS-NEGOTIATIONS FOR A BUILDING-DIFFI- CULT SITUATION IN 1875-BRANCH LIBRARIES-THE BURTON HISTORICAL COLLECTION-THE NEW LIBRARY BUILDING-STRIFE OVER CARNEGIE OFFER- LIBRARY BONDS-MCKINSTRY'S MUSEUM-MICHIGAN GARDEN-SCIENTIFIC AS- SOCIATION-DETROIT MUSEUM OF ART-A PERMANENT INSTITUTION-MUNI- CIPAL ARTS COMMISSION CREATED-NEW BUILDING PLANS.
The first suggestion of record for a public library in Detroit is found in a school memorial presented to the governor and judges on October 18, 1808, by Fr. Gabriel Richard, the priest of Ste. Anne's. After commenting upon the condition and influence of the various Catholic schools, especially the academy under the direction of Miss Elizabeth Williams, Father Richard wrote:
"It would be very necessary to have in Detroit a Public building for a similar Academy in which the high branches of Mathematics, most important languages, Geography, History, Natural and moral Philosophy should be taught to young Gentlemen of our country, and in which should be kept the machines, the most necessary for the improvement of Useful Arts, for making the most necessary physical experiments and framing a Beginning of public Library."
The full text of Father Richard's petition and the story of its fate is narra- ted in a preceding chapter upon early education in Detroit.
CITY LIBRARY OF DETROIT
On August 26, 1817, the City Library Society was incorporated and the next day ninety shares of stock, of $5 each, were sold to the public-spirited citizens of the city, giving the society a working capital of $450. This was used for the purchase of books and the library was opened in one of the rooms of the old University Building, on the west side of Bates Street near Congress, the instruc- tors in the University having agreed to act as librarians.
Little progress was made during the next ten years and only a small number of books was collected. The Detroit Athenaeum was organized on July 15, 1831, with Lewis Cass, president; John Biddle, vice-president ; Henry S. Cole, secretary ; and Reuben S. Rice, treasurer. The object of this organization, as set forth in the by-laws, was to maintain a club and reading-room. Quarters were obtained on the second floor over Newberry & Kercheval's store, southwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Griswold Street, and to this location the books, records and furniture of the City Library Society were transferred. The approach to the club-rooms was up a steep stairway, which was not always immaculate, and the library lost some of its prestige which had been obtained while it was kept in the University Building. The Athenaeum existed only about one year, when it was merged into the Detroit Young Mens' Society.
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DETROIT YOUNG MEN'S SOCIETY
A short time before the end of the year 1832, a number of the young men of Detroit chaneed to meet in the store of John Clark & Company, on Jefferson Avenue near Griswold Street, and one of them proposed the formation of a society which, according to an account written at the time, had for its purpose the "general diffusion of knowledge and a condensation of the talents and ac- quirements of the young men of Detroit, for intellectual and moral improve- ment." The motto "Virtuti et Litteris" was adopted.
Arrangements were made for a more formal meeting, to be held at the law office of Charles Larned, on the corner of Larned Street and Woodward Avenue, and invitations were sent to several persons whom the projectors thought might be interested. The society was organized January 18, 1833, at a meeting held in the session room of the First Presbyterian Church on Larned Street. This session room was the old assembly room, or hall, of Fort Shelby, and had been moved to the Larned Street location. A constitution and by-laws were then adopted and the following officers elected: Franklin Sawyer, president; Dr. Douglas Houghton, vice-president; J. R. Scott, recording secretary; George E. Hand, corresponding secretary ; S. S. Hawkins, treasurer; W. A. Wells, auditor; Silas P. Griswold, John M. Hunter, Charles W. Penny, Aaron B. Rawles, H. M. Roby, Silas Titus and Ira Van Nortwich, board of managers.
After the formation of the society, meetings were held every Friday evening during the winter months and at these gatherings debates and literary exercises of different kinds constituted the program. These weekly meetings became popular among the better elass of young men and women, as it gave them an opportunity to air their particular literary or oratorical talents, also their political viewpoint providing it was not too odorous. The library was first kept at the store of Horace Halloek. On March 26, 1836, the society was incorporated and the governor and judges conveyed to the managers, for a nominal consider- ation, a lot on Woodward Avenue. This lot, however, was sold in 1850 and one on Jefferson Avenue, between Bates and Randolph streets, was purchased. On this site a hall, forty-eight by ninety-five feet and three stories in height, was erected, and the library occupied quarters upon the second floor. This hall, which was completed on November 27, 1850, cost $8,500, consequently the so- ciety went heavily into debt. Evil practices began to occur within the society shortly after this and the organization went through a period of disrepute. The character and number of members became unlimited, it appears, and candidates for office in the society were accustomed to enroll numerous "floating" mem- bers until after election time, and to pay their membership fees.
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