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HISTORY
OF
Cottonwood and Watonwan Counties Minnesota
THEIR PEOPLE. INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS
JOHN A. BROWN Editor-in-Chief
With Biographical Sketches of Representative Citizens and Genealogical Records of Many of the Old Families
VOLUME I
ILLUSTRATED
1916 B. F. BOWEN & COMPANY, Inc. Indianapolis, Indiana
THE MEN YT. 870450 TILDAN FOUNLA 1920
DEDICATION
To those whose hands planted the first homes in Cottonwood and Watonwan counties; whose love of religion and education established the first churches and schools; whose desire for good government led to the organization of civil townships and the selection of worthy public officials; whose wish for material prosperity has caused the buikling of mills and factories and the opening of virgin tracts of land to cultivation-to those who are gone, as well as to the many pioneers still living, is this record of their achievements dedicated.
PUBLISHERS' PREFACE
All life and achievement is evolution; present wisdom comes from past experience, and present commercial prosperity has come only from past exer- tion and sacrifice. The deeds and motives of the men who have gone before have been instrumental in shaping the destinies of later communities and states. The development of a new country was at once a task and a privi- lege. It required great courage, sacrifice and privation. Compare the pres- ent conditions of the people of Cottonwood and Watonwan counties, Minne- sota, with what they were five decades ago. From a trackless wilderness and virgin land, they have come to be centers of prosperity and civilization, with millions of wealth, systems of railways, educational and religious insti- tutions, varied industries and immense agricultural and dairy interests. Can any thinking person be insensible to the fascination of the study which dis- closes the aspirations and efforts of the early pioneers who so strongly laid the foundation upon which has been reared the magnificent prosperity of later days? To perpetuate the story of these people and to trace and record the social, religious, educational, political and industrial progress of the com- munity from its first inception. is the function of the local historian. A sincere purpose to preserve facts and personal memoirs that are deserving of perpetuation, and which unite the present to the past, is the motive for the present publication. The publishers desire to extend their thanks to those who have so faithfully labored to this end. Thanks are also due to the citizens of Cottonwood and Watonwan counties for the uniform kind- mess with which they have regarded this undertaking, and for their many services rendered in the gaining of necessary information.
In placing the "History of Cottonwood and Watonwan Counties, Minnesota," before the citizens, the publishers can conscientiously claim that they have carried out the plan as outlined in the prospectus. Every bio- graphical sketch in the work has been submitted to the party interested, for correction, and therefore any error of fact, if there be any, is solely due to the person for whom the sketch was prepared. Confident that our effort to please will fully meet the approbation of the public. we are,
Respectfully,
THE PUBLISHERS.
CONTENTS
VOLUME I
COTTONWOOD COUNTY
CHAPTER I-RELATED STATE HISTORY. 33 A portion of Minnesota Originally Included in Louisiana Purchase-Indian Cessions and Treaties-Territorial Government Established-Boundaries- Governor Alexander Ramsey-First Territorial Legislature-The Historic Council with the Indians at Traverse des Sioux-The Treaty-Indian Hunters Cause Trouble-Townsite Speculation-Constitutional Convention- First State Legislature-Admission of Minnesota as a State-Aid to Rail- roads-Financial Stringency-Unrest Among the Indians-Massacre of 1862-Punishment of the Indians-Subsequent Treaties-A Period of Rapid Development-Trouble Because of the State Issue of Railroad Bonds-Settle- ment of the Question and Activity in Railroad Building-Diversified Farm- ing Interests-Population Statistics-Military Record-Name-Geography- Area-Rivers-Lakes-Elevations-Climate-Chronological History of the Statc.
CHAPTER H-GEOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY AND NATURAL FEATURES __ 59 Situation-Arca-Natural Drainage-Streams-Lakes - Topography - Dis- tances-Altitudes-Soil-Timber-Geological Structure-Water Falls and Cascades-Drift and Contour-Moraines-Boulders and Pebbles-Peat.
CHAPTER III-PIONEER SETTLEMENT 79 "Dutch Charlie"-First Settlers-Struggles of the Pioneers-Winter of 1872- 73-Old Settlers' Association-Early Hardships of a Mail Carrier.
CHAPTER IV-ORGANIZATION OF COTTONWOOD COUNTY 90
Creation of-Area-Lakes-Soil-The Two "Stolen" Townships-County Government-No Hard County-seat Contests-County's Condition in 1884- Organization of the County-First Events-Assessed Valuation-County Commissioners' Proceedings-First District Appointments-Free Premiums- Grasshopper Appropriations-Taxes in 1877-Court House Building- Other Locations for County Offices-County Jail-Caring for the Poor-Russian Thistle Pest-County Officers' Fees in 1909-Tax Levy for 1916-17-County Finances, July 1, 1916-County Officials, 1916-County and State Roads.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER V-COUNTY AND STATE REPRESENTATION 110
Presidential Vote in Cottonwood County-State Senators-State Repre- sentatives-County Auditors-County Treasurers-Sheriffs-Registers of Deeds-Probate Judges-County Commissioners.
CHAPTER VI-TOWNSHIPS OF COTTONWOOD COUNTY. 114 Civil Subdivisions-The Townships of Germantown, Amboy, Amo, Ann, Carson, Dale, Delton, Great Bend, Highwater, Lakeside, Midway, Mountain Lake, Rose Hill, Selma, Springfield, Southbrook, Storden, Westbrook- Villages of Jeffers, Delft, Bingham Lake, Mountain Lake, Storden and Westbrook.
CHAPTER VII-AGRICULTURAL INTERESTS 194 Fortunate Situation of Minnesota-Crop Failures Rare in Cottonwood County-Poultry Show-Early and Present Stock Farms-The Creamery Industry-Agricultural Societies-Farm Names-Agricultural Statistics- Columbian Exposition Premium-Stock Men of 1908.
CHAPTER VIII-SECRET AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES 205 Ancient Free and Accepted Masons-Royal Arch Masons-Order of the Eastern Star-Independent Order of Odd Fellows-Daughters of Rebekah- Ancient Order of United Workmen-Modern Woodmen of America-Royal Neighbors of America-Modern Brotherhood of America-Sons of Norway- Daughters of Norway-Knights of Columbus-Patrons of Husbandry.
CHAPTER IX-PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS 218
First Physician in Cottonwood County-Past and Present Physicians- Silas D. Allen.
CHAPTER X-NEWSPAPERS 223 Papers, Past and Present, Published at Windom, Westbrook, Jeffers and Mountain Lake.
CHAPTER XI-RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS 226
Methodist Episcopal Churches-Presbyterian Churches-Baptist Churches- Danish Baptist Churches-Mission Band-Evangelical Lutheran Churches- Dowie Zionists - Lutheran Churches - Mennonite Church - Catholic Churches-Episcopal Church.
CHAPTER X11-BENCH AND BAR 241
Pioneer Lawyers-Others of a Later Day-Members of the Bar in 1916- Court Officers.
CHAPTER XIHI-EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS 244
Sterling Type of Pioneer Settlers-Early Educational Conditions and the Improvements Which Have Followed Through the Years-The Great Bend School House and Its Destruction-Early School Districts-An Early School-Early School Teachers-First School House in the County-Schools at Bingham Lake, Storden, Jeffers, Westbrook, Windom City and Mountain
CONTENTS.
Lake-Rural School Commencements-Salaries Paid County Superintendents -School Lands-County Superintendent's Report for 1915-An Early School Superintendent.
CHAPTER XIV-BANKS AND BANKING. 267 Little Demand for Banks in Pioneer Days-Poverty of Early Days Changed to Prosperity and Full Bank Accounts-Banks at Windom, Jeffers, Storden, Mountain Lake, Westbrook, Bingham Lake and Delft-Recapitulation.
CHAPTER XV-RAILROADS AND TRANSPORTATION 277 Railroads in Cottonwood County Early in Its History-The "Currie" Branch and Other Lines Which Have Been Constructed in the County.
CHAPTER XVI-MILITARY MATTERS. 280
Grand Army of the Republic-Woman's Relief Corps-Helped in Capture of Jeff Davis-"We Are Growing Old. John" -- Soldiers Who Pledged Their Votes to Grant and Wilson-Spanish-American War Soldiers.
CHAPTER XVII-CITY OF WINDOM 287
Name-Population-Windom as Viewed in 1893-First Events-Commercial Interests, 1872 and 1882-Postoffice-Municipal History-Waterworks- Library-Ferry-First Elevator-Ruse Hospital-Industries-Removal of an Old Landmark-The Old "Lock-up"-Commercial Interests in 1916-Com- merciak Clubs-The Tourist Club-Woman's Literary Club-Windom Pioneers-Windom's Greatest Fire.
CHAPTER XVIII-REMINISCENCES. 305 Pioneer Days in Great Bend-Blizzard of 1873.
CHAPTER XIX-MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS AND INCIDENTS 311 Immigration Association-Population Statistics-Nationality of Population- Village Plats-Platted Cemeteries-Altitudes-Market Quotations-Grass- hopper Plague-Storm of 1873-The Cyclones of 1903 and 1908-Snow Storm of 1881-Hay Burned-A Prairie Blizzard of 1873-Five-Year Grasshopper Scourge-Burning Hay for Fuel-Railroad Wreck at Windom-Mountain Lake Wreck-"The Old Ox Team."
WATONWAN COUNTY
CHAPTER I-GEOLOGY OF WATONWAN COUNTY. 327 Situation-Area-Surface Features-Natural Drainage-Topography - Ele vations-Soil-Timber-Geological Structure-Lakes-Boulders and Gravel- Building Stone-Peat.
CHAPTER 11-INDIAN JHISTORY AND TREATIES 3.3-4
Treaty of Traverse des Sioux-Indian Characters-Captivity of Benedict Juni-Causes Leading to the Indian Massacre of 1862-First Act of Vio-
CONTENTS.
lence-Reminiscences of the Little Crow Uprising-The Government Not Guiltless-Punishment of the Sioux-Pensioners of the Sioux Uprising- Story of the New Ulm Massacre-Indians' Last Raid in This Section-In- dians and Their Peculiar Customs-The Versatile Indian-Incidents Con- nected With the Indian War.
CHAPTER III-THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS 376 The Pioneer Band-Early Deeds and Land Transfers-Timber Claims- School Lands-Early Miscellaneous Deeds-Settlement Notes-First Set- tlers in the County.
CHAPTER IV-ORGANIZATION AND COUNTY GOVERNMENT 381 Creation and Organization-Name-Arca-County Commissioners' Proceed- ings-First Militia Officers-Troubles of a Treasurer-County Finances, 1870-County Expenses, 1877-Aid to Farmers Who Suffered From the Grasshopper Scourge-Relocating the County Seat-County Official Paper- Salaries and Bonds of County Officers, 1884-Court House History-Jail- Caring for the Poor-County Finances, 1897 and 1915-Assessed Valuation, 1880, 1890 and 1916-Number of Buildings Assessed in 1894-Treasury Burglarized-Drainage.
CHAPTER V-COUNTY AND STATE REPRESENTATION 410 Presidential Vote-State Senators-State Representatives-County Com- missioners-County Auditors-County Treasurers-Registers of Deeds- Sheriffs-Clerks of the District Court-County Attorneys-Court Commis- sioners-Coroners-Probate Judges-School Examiners and County Super- intendent-County Surveyors.
CHAPTER VI-TOWNSHIPS OF WATONWAN COUNTY 419 Townships of Adrian, Antrim, Butterfield, Fieldon, Long Lake, Madelia, Nelson, Odin, Riverside, Rosendale, South Branch. St. James-Villages of Darfur, Lewisville, Butterfield, Ormsby, Madelia, Odin, LaSalle and Grogan.
CHAPTER VII-CITY OF ST. JAMES 467 Name-Platted-Early Conditions-First Events-Winter of 1870-1-St. James in 1885-6-Municipal History-Fire Department-Societies-Commer- cial Club-Public Library-Business Men's Association-Sanitarium-Long Lake Park-Industries-Commercial Interests, 1916-Miscellaneous Items.
CHAPTER VIII-CHURCHES 480
Methodist Episcopal Churches-Evangelical Lutheran Churches-Presby- terian Churches-Christian Church-Church of Christ-Episcopal Churches- Norwegian Lutheran Churches-Swedish Lutheran Churches-Mennonite Churches-Baptist Churches-Catholic Churches.
CHAPTER IX-EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS 503 Present School System of the State-School Lands-Schools of 1875-First Schools in Watonwan County-St. James Public Schools-Rosendale Town- ship Schools and the Schools at Odin, Darfur, Lewisville, Ormsby and Butter-
CONTENTS.
field-Present School Statistics-High and Graded Schools-School House Locations-Early School Scandal.
CHAPTER X-THE BENCH AND BAR 513 Requirements for Admission to Practice Law in Minnesota-List of Attor- neys in This County-Present Members of the Bar.
CHAPTER XI-PHYSICIANS OF THE COUNTY 516 Hardships and Poor Recompense of Early Doctors-List of Registered Physicians-Other Doctors Who Have Practiced in the County-Watonwan County Medical Society-Early Physicians' Fees.
CHAPTER XII-NEWSPAPERS 521 Power of the Press-First Paper in the County-Papers, Past and Present, at Madelia, St. James, Butterfield.
CHAPTER XIII-BANKS AND BANKING 5.25 Character of Banks-First Bank in Watonwan County-Banks at Madelia, St. James, Odin, Lewisville, Butterfield, Ormshy, LaSalle and Darfur.
CHAPTER XIV-FRATERNAL AND CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS 532 Ancient Free and Accepted Masons-Order of the Eastern Star-Independent Order of Odd Fellows-Daughters of Rebekah-Knights of Pythias-Modern Woodmen of America-Royal Neighbors of America-Modern Brother- hood of America-Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen-Catholic Order of Foresters-Grand Army of the Republic.
CHAPTER XV-RAILROADS AND TRANSPORTATION 541 Transformation in Local Conditions Through Advent of Railroads-Brief Description of the Various Railroads Which Have Entered Watonwan County.
CHAPTER XVI-MILITARY HISTORY 546 Many Veterans of the Civil War in This County-The Spanish-American War.
CHAPTER XVII-AGRICULTURE, STOCK-RAISING, ETC. 548 Watonwan, Purely an Agricultural District-Creameries-Stock Farms- Improvement in Stock-raising Methods-Farm Names-The Great Elgin Colony-County Fair Societies-An Early Horse and Cattle Fair-Dairy Statistics-Creamery Companies.
CHAPTER XVIHI-MURDERS AND OUTRAGES. 550 Murder of Lais Johnson-The Goblinski Quadruple Murder-Killing of Leo Jacobson-Suicide-The Younger Brothers and the Northtell Bank Robbery.
CHAPTER XIX-SIDELIGHTS 570 Population of the County-Population by Townships-AAltitudes of the
CONTENTS.
County-Village Plattings-Spelling School in Pioneer Days-Old Settlers' Reunion at Madelia, 1875-"Song for the Old Settlers"-Great Storms- Advantages of Watonwan County-Court House Corner-stone Laying- Growth of Watonwan County-Grasshoppers-Birds and Wild Animals.
CHAPTER XX-REMINISCENCES 583
Interesting Review of Early Events and Conditions by Alexander Swanson- The First House in Adrian Township-Transportation Troubles-Privations of Pioneers-How the Children Helped-Tribute to Pioneer Heroes-The Grasshopper Plague-Lack of Amusements in Early Days-Early Market Prices-Tools and Machinery.
CHAPTER XXI-MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS 392 Market Quotations-Anti-Horse Thief Association-The Prohibition Ques- tion-Local Option Vote in 1915-Russian Thistle Day.
HISTORICAL INDEX
VOLUME I
COTTONWOOD COUNTY
A
Agricultural Interests 194
Agricultural Societies 198
Allen, Silas D. 221
Altitudes in the County 63
Altitudes in the State 49
Amboy Township-
Altitude 64
Area 114
Assessed Valuation 96
Boundaries
117
Character of Citizens 118 I
Drainage
59
Grasshopper Loss 315
Land Entries 118
Organization 118
Population
312
Settlement
118
Topography
62
Amo Township- Altitude
64
Area 114
Assessed Valuation 1
96
Grasshopper Loss 315 I 1 I 1
Groves 123 1 1 1 I 1
Lakes
60
Land Entries I 1
123
1 1 Location 122
Name Changed 123
Organization 123
Peat 77
Population 122
312
Settlers
123
Topography
62
Ancient Free and Accepted Masons 205
Ancient Order of United Workmen 210 Ann Township-
Altitude 64
Arca
114
Assessed Valuation 96
Boundaries
120
Drainage 59 1
Grasshopper Loss
1 315
Groves 127
Land Entries
1.27
I
I
Organization
127
1
1
Population 127, 312
Settlement 127
Topography 62
Arca of the County 59
Area of the State 47
Assessed Valuation of County 96
Attorneys
241
Auditors, County
111
B
Banks 267
Baptist Churches 230
Barley
Bench and Bar
241
Benevolent Societies
205
Bingham Lake-
Altitude 63
Assessed Valuation 97
Banks
274, 276
Business Interests 156
Churches 228
Creamery 198
Location
154
Lodges
1
213
1
I
1
1
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Bingham Lake-Cont.
Pioneer Business Men 155
Platted
313
Population
312
Postoffice
154
Schools
247
Tile Factory
1
155
Blizzard of 1873
305
Boulders
76
Boundaries of County
1
91
C
Carson Township-
Altitude 64
Area
114
Assessed Valuation 96
Grasshopper Loss
315
1 1 Lakes 60
Land Entries 130
Land Values
I
130
Location
130
Organization
130
Population
312
Settlement
130
Topography
62
Catholic Churches 238
Cattle
202
Cattle Breeding 190
Cemetery Plats
313
Chronological History of Minnesota 50
Churches
226
Climate of Minnesota 49
Commissioners, County 112
Commissioners' Distriets, First. 97
Constitution of State
39
Corn 202
County Auditors
111
County Commissioners
112
County Commissioners' Proceedings 97
County Finances, 1916
107
County Government
93
County Offices 103
County Officers' Fees, 1909 107
County Officials, First
95
County Officials, 1916
108
County Representation
110
County Roads
108
County-seat
Contests
94
County Seats
103
County Superintendents' Salaries 260
County Treasurers 111
Court, First Term of. 95
Court House History 102
Court Officers, 1916 243
Creameries
197, 202, 203, 204
Creation of County
90)
Cyclones
316
D
Dairy Interests
197, 202, 203, 204
Dale Township-
Altitude 64
Area
114
Assessed Valuation 96
Lakes
60,
103
Land Entries
134
Location
133
Organization
134
Population
134, 312
Settlement
134
Topography
62
Danish Baptist Church
232
Daughters of Norway
215
Daughters of Rebekalı
209
Delft-
Bank
275
Fire
133
Location
130, 133
Platted
133, 313
Delton Township-
Altitude 64
Area
114
Assessed Valuation 96
Boundaries
137
I
Farm Land
137
Land Entries
137
1
Organization
137
1
Population
137. 312
Settlement
137
Topography
62
District Appointments, First 98
Diversified Farming Interests 46
Doctors
218
Dowie Zionists
235
Drainage, Natural 59
Drift, Glacial
71
"Dutch Charlie"
79, 145
1
HISTORICAL INDEX.
E
Early School Districts 245
Eastern Star, Order of the. 206
Education
244
Educational Statistics
261
Episcopal Church
239
Evangelical Lutheran Churches
233
F
Fair Associations 198
Farm Animals 202
Farm Names 200
Farm Statistics
202
Farming Interests, Diversified 46
Farming Methods
194
First Physicians
218
Fraternal Orders
205
G
Geography of the State 47
Geology of the County 59
Georgetown Township 123
German Evan. Luth. Trinity Church 235
Germantown Township-
Altitude 04
Arca
1 14
Assessed Valuation 96
Boundaries
114
Drainage
59
I
Grasshopper Loss
315
Land Entries
115
Natural Features
114
Organization 115
Population
115, 312
Settlement
115
Soil
114
Topography 62
Glacial Drift 71
Grains, Production of. 202
Grand Army of the Republic. 280
Granges
217
Grant and Wilson Voters. 284
Grasshopper Appropriations 101
Grasshopper Plague.
314, 323
Great Bend School House
244, 265
Great Bend Township-
Altitude
64
Area 114
Great Bend Township- - Cont.
Assessed Valuation 90
Boundaries
140
Land Entries
141
t
Organization
140
Pcat
77
Pioneer Days 305 I I
Poor Farmi
105
I
I
Population
140, 312
1
Schools
244
Settlement
141
Topography
62
Growth of the State.
4.4
H .
Hardships of a Mail Carrier 88
Ilay -
202
Hay Burned 321
llighwater Township-
Altitude
64
Arca
114
Assessed Valuation 96
1
Boundaries
145
1
Drainage
59
I
1
1 "Dutch Charlie" 145 1 I
Lakes
60
Land Entries
140
I
1
1
1
Natural Features
145
1
1
Organization
140
I
1
1
1
Population
I
146. 312
Settlement
1
1
1
146
Topography
62
Horse Breeding
195
Horses
202
I
Immigration Association
311
Independent Order of Odd Fellows
208
Indian Hunters, Trouble with
37
Indian Treaties
33
Indian Unrest
10
J
Jail
10-1
Jeffers-
Assessed Valuation
07
Banks
270, 275
Business Interests
121
1
I
1
I
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Jeffers-Cont.
Churches 229. 234, 239
Early Growth 119
Fires
120
Creamery
121
Location
119, 121
Lodges
212, 214
Municipal History
120
Newspapers 223
Officials 120 1
Platted 313 1 I
Population
312
1
1
Postoffice
1
1
120
Schools
I
I
K
Knights of Columbus
216
L
Lakes of Minnesota 48
Lakes of the County
60, 90
Lakeside Township-
Altitude 04
Area 114
Assessed Valuation 96 1
1
Boundaries
150
I
Lakes
60,
1
150
Land Entries
150
1
1
Organization 150
Peat 150, 312 I 1
245
Settlement 245
1 Topography '62
Lawyers 241
Live Stock Statistics 202
Lodges 205
Lutheran Churches 236
M
Market Quotations 314
Masonic Order 205
Massacre of 1862 42
Medical Profession 218
Mennonite Church
236
Methodist Episcopal Churches 227
Midway Township-
Altitude 64
Area 114
Midway Township-Cont.
Assessed Valuation 96
Land Entries
157
Location
156
Population
157, 312
Schools
246
Settlement 157
Topography
62
Military Matters 280
Military Record of State 46
Miscellaneous Topies
311
Mission Band
233
Modern Brotherhood of America 214
Modern Woodmen of America 211
Moraines
74
Mountain Lake-
Altitude 63
Assessed Valuation 97
Banks
272.
275
Business Interests
167
Business Men
159
Churches
229, 235, 236
Commercial Club
161
Early Growth
159
Fire Department 1
162
Fires
163
Grange
I 217
Industries
Lighting System
162
Lodges 210, 212, 217
Mennonite Hospital 161
Municipal History 160
Name
159
Newspapers
225
1 1 Officials 160 I
Peat 76 I I
160
Platted
159, 313
Population 312 I 1 1 I t
I Postoffice 160
Schools 246, 258
Settlement
160
Railroad Wreck 326
Mountain Lake Township-
Altitude
64
Area
114
Assessed Valuation
96
Boundaries
164
Land Entries
164
Location
I
1
163
1
J
1
1
1
1
1
162
Physicians 1 I
I
1
1
I
1
I 1
Schools
248
I
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Mountain Lake Township-Cont.
Name 163
Organization 164
Population
164, 312
Schools
245
Settlement
164
Soil
163
Topography 62
N
Name of the State. 47
Nationality of Population 312
Natural Drainage 59
Newspapers
223
Norwegian Evan. Luth. Church
233
Norwegian United Evan. Luth. Ch ._ 235
0
Oats 202
Odd Fellows 208
Officials from the County 110
Old Settlers' Association
83
Order of the Eastern Star
206
Organization of County
90, 95
P
Patrons of Husbandry. 217
Peat 76
Physicians 218
Pioneer Settlement 79
Pioneers, Struggles of.
80
Plats 313 1
Poor, Caring for the.
Population of the State
46
Population Statistics
311
Potatoes 1
202
Poultry Show L 1
195
Prairie Blizzard 1
321
1 Prentiss, William 264
Presbyterian Churches 229 1
Presidential Vote 110
Press, the
223
Probate Judges 112
R
Railroad Bonds
39
Railroad Wrecks
325
Railroads 277
Rebekahs 209
Registers of Deeds. 112
Related State History 33
Religious Societies 226
Reminiscences 305 I
Representatives 111 1
I Rivers of the County 59 1
Rivers of the State.
48
1
Roads 108 1
Rose Hill Township-
Altitude 63
Area
114
Assessed Valuation 96
Boundaries
168
Churches
J
236
Drainage
59
Lakes 00, 168
Land Entries 169
Location
168
Organization
169
Population
169, 312
Settlement
169
Topography 62
Royal Arch Masons 206
Royal Neighbors of America 213
Rural School Commencements
200
Russian Thistle
106
Rye
202
S
Scandinavian Evan. L'uth. Church- 235
School Districts 245
School House, First in County. 247
School Lands 261
School Statisties
20]
Schools
244
Secret Societies
Selma Township-
Altitude
Area
114
Assessed Valuation
Land Entries 171
Location 170
I Organization 170
I Population 170, 312 1
Settlement
171
Topography
62
Senators, State
110
1
1
105
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Sheep 202
Sheriffs 112
Sioux Indians, Murders by.
43
Situation of the County
59
Platted
182, 313
Postoffice
183
Schools
247
Storden Township-
Altitude 64
Area
114
Assessed Valuation
96
Boundaries
179
Drainage
59
Lakes
60
Land Entries
180
Location
179
Natural Features
180
Organization 180 1 1
I Population 180, 312
Settlement
180
Topography
62
Storm of 1873
316
Swine
202
T
Tax Levy, 1916-17 107
Taxes in 1877
101
Teachers, Early School. 246
Territorial Government 34
"The Old Ox Team" 326
Timber
64, 65
Topography of the County 61
Town-site Speculation 38
Townships of the County 114
Transportation
277
Traverse des Sioux Treaty
35
Treasurers, County 111
Treaties with Indians 1
33
Tree Premiums
101
Trees
65
U
United Workmen, Order of
210
Business Interests
183
Business Men, Early 183
Creamery
198
First Events
182
Land Values
183
Storden-Cont.
Location 182
Lodges
212
Soil , 90
Soldiers' Monument
281
Sons of Norway. 215
Southbrook Township-
Altitude 64
Area 114
Assessed Valuation 1 1
96
Boundaries
176
1
Grasshopper Loss 1
315
Lakes 61 1
Land Entries 176 1 1
Location 176
176
Organization
78
Peat
176, 312
Population
176
Settlement
62
Topography
Spanish-American War 286
Springfield Township-
Altitude 6-4
Area 114
Assessed Valuation 96
Grasshopper Loss 1
315
Land Entries
173
1.ocation 172 1
Natural Features 172
Organization
173
1 1 Peat 78 I 4
Population 173, 312
Schools 1 1
245
Settlement
173
1
1 1 I Topography 63 1 1
State Constitution 1 1
39
State Representatives I
111
State Roads 1 J 1
108
State Senators
110
Stock Farms
195
"Stolen" Townships
91
Storden-
Banks 271, 275
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
Natural Features 1
176
1
1
1
1
V
Village Plats
313
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Water-falls 69
"We Are Growing Old, John" 283
Westbrook-
Assessed Valuation
97, 193
Banks
273, 276
Beginning of
187
Business Interests
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