History of Freeborn County, including explorers and pioneers of Minnesota, and outline history of the state of Minnesota, Part 38

Author: Neill, Edward D. (Edward Duffield), 1823-1893. Explorers and pioneers of Minnesota. 1882; Neill, Edward D. (Edward Duffield), 1823-1893. Outline history of the state of Minnesota. 1882; Bryant, Charles S., 1808-1885. Sioux massacre of 1862. 1882; Bryant, Charles S., 1808-1885. State education. 1882; Minnesota Historical Company
Publication date: 1882
Publisher: Minneapolis : Minnesota Historical Co.
Number of Pages: 576

USA > Minnesota > Freeborn County > History of Freeborn County, including explorers and pioneers of Minnesota, and outline history of the state of Minnesota > Part 38

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CHAPTER XXXVI.

BIG STONE LAKE-WHITES KILLED-LAKE SHETEK- NAMES OF SETTLERS-MRS. ALOMINA HURD ES- CAPES WITH HER TWO CHILDREN-THE BATTLE OF SPIRIT LAKE -- WARFARE IN JACKSON COUNTY -- DAKOTA TERRITORY-MURDERS AT SIOUX FALLS- DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY-KILLING OF AMOS HUGGINS.

At Big Stone Lake, in what is now Big Stone county, were four trading houses, Wm. H. Forbes, Daily, Pratt & Co., and Nathan Myrick. The habi- tues of these Indian trading houses, as usual, were mostly half-breeds, natives of the country. The

store of Daily, Pratt & Co. was in charge of Mr. Ryder of St. Paul. On the 21st of August, four of these men at work entting hay, unsuspicious of danger, were suchenly attacked and all murdered, except Anton Manderfield; while one half-breed, at the store, Baptisto Gubeau, was taken prisoner, and was informed that he would be killed that night. But Gubeau succeeded in escaping from their grasp, and making his way to the lake. His escape was a wonderful feat, bound as he was, as to his hands, pursued by yelling demons determ- ined on his death. But, ahead of all his pursuers, he reached the lake, and dashing into the reeds on the margin, was hid from the sight of his disappointed pursuers. Wading noiselessly into the water, until his head alone was above the water, he remained perfectly still for some time. The water soon loosened the rawhide on his wrists, so that they were easily removed. The Indians sought for him in vain; and as the shades of night gathered around him, he came out of his hiding place, crossed the foot of the lake and struck out for the Upper Mississippi. He finally reached St. Cloud. Hero he was mistaken for an Indian spy, and threatened with death, but was finally saved by the interposi- tion of a gentleman who knew him.

The other employes at the lake were all killed except Manderfield, who secreted himself while his comrades were being murdered. Manderfield, in his escape, when near Lac qui Parle, was met by Joseph Laframboise, who had gone thither to ob- tain his sister Julia, then a captive there. Man- derfield received from Laframboise proper direc- tions, and finally reached Fort Ridgely in safety.

LAKE SHETEK .- This beautiful lake of quiet water, some six miles long and two broad, is sitn- ated about seventy miles west of New Ulm, in the county of Murray. Here a little community of some fifty persons were residing far out on our frontier, the nearest settlement being the Big Cot- tonwood. The families and persons located here were: John Eastlick and wife, Charles Hatch, Phineas B. Hurd and wife, John Wright, Wm. J. Duly and wife, H. W. Smith, Aaron Myers, Mr. Everett and wife, Thomas Ireland and wife, Koch and wife; these with their several families, and six single men, Wm. James, Edgar Bently, John Voight, E. G. Cook, and John F. and Daniel Burns, the latter residing alone on a claim at Wal- nut Grove, some distance from the lake, consti- tuted the entire population of Lake Shetek settlo- ment, in Murray county.

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LAKE SHETEK.

On the 20th of August some twenty Sioux In- dians rode up to the house of Mr. Hurd. Mr. Hurd himself had left home for the Missouri river on the 2d day of June previous. Ten of these In- clians entered the house, talked and smoked their pipes while Mrs. Hurd was getting breakfast. Mr. Voight, the work-hand, while waiting for break- fast, took up the babe, as it awoke and cried, and walked with it out in the yard in front of the door. No sooner had he left the house than an Indian took his gun and deliberately shot him dead near the door. Mrs. Hurd was amazed, at the infernal deed, as these Indians had always been kindly treated, and often fed at her table. She ran to the fallen man to raise him up and look after the safety of her child. To her utter horror, one of the miscreants intercepted her, telling lier to leave at once and go to the settlements across the prairie. She was refused the privilege of dressing her naked children, and was compelled to turn away from her ruined home, to commence lier wandering over an almost trackless waste, without food, and almost without raiment, for either herself or little ones.

These Indians proceeded from the house of Mr. Hurd to that of Mr. Andrew Koch, whom they shot, and plundered the house of its contents. Mrs. Koch was compelled to get up the oxen and hitch them to the wagon, and drive them, at the direction of her captors, into the Indian country. In this way she traveled ten days. She was the captive of White Lodge, an old and ugly chief of one of the upper bands. As the course was tow- ards the Missouri river, Mrs. Koch refused to go farther in that direction. The old chief threatened to shoot her if she did not drive on. Making a virtue of necessity she reluctantly obeyed. Soon after she was required to carry the vagabond's gun. Watching her opportunity she destroyed the explosive quality of the cap, and dampened the powder in the tube, leaving the gun to appear- ance all right. Soon afterward she again refused to go any farther in that direction. Again the old scoundrel threatened her with death. She in- stantly bared her bosom and dared him to fire. He aimed his gun at her breast and essaved to fire, but the gun refused to take part in the work of death. The superstitious savage, supposing sho bore a charm d life, lowered his gun, and asked which way she wishsd to go. She pointed toward the settlements. In this direction the teams were turned. They reached the neighbor-

hood of the Upper Ageney in ten days after leav- ing Lake Shetek, about the time of the arrival of the troops under Colonel Sibley in the vicinity of Wood Lake and Yellow Medicine. White Lodge did not like the looks of things around Wood Lake, and left, moving off in an opposite direction for greater safety. Mrs. Koch was finally resened at Camp Release, after wading or swimming the Minnesota river ten times in company with a friendly squaw.

At Lake Shetek, the settlers were soon all gath- ered at the house of John Wright, prepared for defense. They were, however, induced by the ap- parently friendly persuasion of the Indians to abandon the house, and move towards the slough for better safety. The Indians commenced firing upon the retreating party. The whites returned the fire as they ran. Mrs. Easthick was wounded in the heel, Mr. Duly's oldest son and daughter were shot through the shoulder, and Mrs. Ireland's youngest child was shot through tho leg, while running to the slough. Mr. Hatch, Mr. Everett, Mr. Eastlick, Mrs. Eastlick, Mrs. Everett, and sev- eral children were shot. The Indians now told the women to come out of the sloughi, and they would not kill them or the children, if they would come out. They went out to them with the children, when they shot Mrs. Everett, Mrs. Smith, and Mrs. Ireland dead, and killed some of the children. Mrs. Eastlick was shot and left on the field, sup- posed to be dead, but she finally escaped, and two of her children, Merton and Johnny. Her inter- esting narrative will be found in the large work, from which this abridgment is made up. Mrs. Julia A. Wright, and Mrs. Duly, and the two chil- dren of Mrs. Wright, and two of the children of Mrs. Duly were taken captive. Some of these were taken by the followers of Little Crow to the Missouri river, and were subsequently ransomed at Fort Pierre, by Major Galpin. All the men ex- cept Mr. Eastlick, being only wounded, escaped to the settlements. The brothers Burns remained on their claim, and were not molested. One sneaking Indian coming near them paid the for- fcit with his life.

SPIRIT LAKE .- On or about the 25th day of August, 1862, the "Annuity Sioux Indians" made their appearance at Spirit Lake, the scene of the terrible Inkpaduta massacre of 1857. The inhab- itants fled in dismay from their homes; and the savages, after plundering the dwellings of the set-

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HISTORY OF THE SIOUX MMASSACRE.

tlers, completed their fiendlish work by setting fire to the country.

DAKOTA TERRITORY .- Portions of Dakota Ter- ritory were visited by the Sioux in 1862. At Sioux Falls City the following murders were com- mitted by the Sionx Indians on the 25th of Au- gust: Mr. Joseph B. and Mr. M. Amidon, father and son, were found dead in a corn-fiehl, near which they had been making hay. The son was shot with both balls and arrows, the father with balls only. Their bodies lay some ten rods apart. On the morning of the 26th, about fifteen Indians, supposed to be Sioux, attacked the camp of sol- diers at that place. They were followed, but eluded the vigilant pursuit of our soldiers and es- caped. The families, some ten in number, were removed to Yankton, the capital, sixty-five miles distant. This removal took place before the mur- ders at Lake Shetek were known at Sioux Falls City. The mail carrier who carried the news from New Ulm had not yet arrived at Sioux Falls, on his return trip. He had, on his outward trip, found Mrs. Eastlick on the prairie, near Shetek, and carried her to the house of Mr. Brown, on the Cottonwood.

In one week after the murders at the Falls, one- half of the inhabitants of the Missouri slope had fled to Sioux City, lowa, six miles below the mouth of the Big Sioux.

THE MURDER OF AMOS HUGGINS. - Amos Hng- gins (in the language of Rev. S. R. Riggs, in his late work, 1880, entitled "Mary and I,") "was the eldest child of Alexander G. Huggins, who had accompanied Dr. Williamson to the Sious coun- try in 1835. Amos was born in Ohio, and was at this time (1862) over thirty years old. He was married, and two children blessed their home, which for some time before the outbreak had been at Lae qui Parle, near where the town of that name now stands. It was then an Indian village and planting place, the principal man being Wa- kanmane-Spirit Walker, or Walking Spirit. If the people of the village had been at home Mr. Huggins and his family, which included Miss Julia Laframboise, who was also a teacher in the employ of the Government, would have been safe. But in the absence of Spirit Walker's people three Indian men came-two of them from the Lower Sioux Agency-and killed Mr. Huggins, and took from the honse such things as they wanted." pp. 169-370.

This apology for the conduct of Christian In-

dians towards the missionaries and their assistants, who had labored among them since 1835 up to 1862, a period of twenty-seven years, shows a truly Christian spirit on the part of the Rev. S. R. Riggs; but it is seareely satisfactory to the general reader that the Christian Indians were entirely in- nocent of all blame in the great massacre of 1862.

CHAPTER XXXVII.

OCCURRENCES PREVIOUS TO THE ATTACK ON THE TOWN OF NEW ULM-THE ATTACK BY INDIANS -- JUDGE FLANDRAU ARRIVES WITH REINFORCEMENTS -EVACUATION OF NEW ULM.

On the 18th of August, the day of the outbreak, a volunteer recruiting party for the Union army went out from New Ulm. Some eight miles west of that place several dead bodies were found on the road. The party turned back toward the town, and, to the surprise of all, were fired upon by In- dians in ambush, killing several of their party. Another party leaving New Ulm for the Lower Agency, when seven miles above the town some tifty Indians near the road fired upon them, killing three of these men. This party returned to town. One of these parties had seen, near the Cotton- wood, Indians kill a man on a stack of grain, and some others in the field. The people of the sur- rounding country fled for their lives into the town, leaving, some of them, portions of their families killed at their homes or on the way to some place of safety.

During the 18th and 19th of August the In- dians overran the country, burning buildings and driving off the stock from the farmis.

The people had no arms fit for use, and were perfectly panie-stricken and helpless. But the news of the outbreak had reached St. Peter, and at about one o'clock of August 19th. T. B. Thompson, James Hughes, Charles Wetherell, Samuel Coflin, Merrick Dickinson, II. Caywood, A. M. Bean, James Parker, Andrew Friend, Henry and Frederick Otto, C. A. Stein, E. G. Covey, Frank Kennedy, Thomas and Griffin Williams, and the Hon. Henry A. Swift, afterwards made Governor of Minnesota, by opera- tion of the organic law, and William G. Hayden, organized themselves into a company, by the elce- tion of A. M. Bean, Captain, and Samuel Coffin, Lieutenant, and took up position at New Ulm, in the defense of that beleaguered place. They at onee advanced upon the Indians, who were posted behind

217

BATTLE OF NEW ULM.

the houses in the outer portions of the place. By this opportune arrival the savage foe were held in check. These were soon joined by another arrival from St. Peter: L. M. Bordman, J. B. Trogdon, J. K. Moore, Horace Austin (since Governor), P. M. Bean, James Homer, Jacob and Philip Stetzer, William Wilkinson, Lewis Patch, S. A. Buell, and Henry Snyder, all mounted, as well as a few from the surrounding country.

By the time these several parties had arrived, the savages had retired, after burning five build- ings on the outskirts of the town. In the first battle several were killed, one Miss Panle of the place, standing on the sidewalk opposite the Da- kota House. The enemy's loss is not known.

On the same evening Hon. Charles E. Flandrau, at the head of about one hundred and twenty-five men, volunteers from St. Peter and vicinity, en- tered the town; and reinforcements continued to arrive from Mankato, Le Sueur, and other points, until Thursday, the 21st, when about three hun- dred and twenty-five armed men were in New Ulm, under the command of Judge Flandrau. Cap- tain Bierbauer, at the head of one hundred men, from Mankato, arrived and participated in the de- fense of the place.

Some rude barricades around a few of the houses in the center of the village, fitted up by means of wagons, boxes and waste lumber, par- tially protected the volunteer soldiery operating now under a chosen leader.

On Saturday, the 22d, the commandant sent across the river seventy-five of his men to dislodge some Indians intent on burning buildings and grain and hay stacks. First Lieutenant William Huey, of Traverse des Sioux, commanded this force. This. officer, on reaching the opposite shore, discovered a large body of Indians in ad- vance of him; and in attempting to return was completely intercepted by large bodies of Indians on each side of the river. There was but one way of escape, and that was to retreat to the company of E. St. Julien Cox, known to be approaching from the direction of St. Peter. This force, thus cut off, returned with the command of Captain E. St. Julien Cox; and with this increased force of one hundred and seventy-five, Captain Cox soon after entered the town to the relief of both citizens and soldiers.

The Indians at the siege of New Ulm, at the time o. the principal attack before the arrival of Cap.t. in Cox, were estimated at about five lam ic ,

coming from the direction of the Lower Agency. The movement is thus described by Judge Flan- drau:

"Their advance npon the sloping prairie in the bright sunlight was a very fine spectacle, and to such inexperienced soldiers as we all were, intense- ly exeiting. When within ahont one mile of us the mass began to expand like a fan, and inereas- ing in the velocity of its approach, continued this movement until within about donble rifle-shot, when it eovered our entire front. Then the sav- ages uttered a terrific yell and came down upon us like the wind. I had stationed myself at a point in the rear where communication could be had with me easily, and awaited the first discharge with great anxiety, as it seemed to me that 10 yield was certain destruction, as the enemies would rush into the town and drive all before them. The yell unsettled the men a little, and just before the rifles began to crack they fell back along the whole line, and committed the error of passing the outer houses without taking possession of them, a mis- take which the Indians immediately took advan- tage of by themselves occupying them in squads of two, three and up to ten. They poured into us a sharp and rapid fire as we fell back, and opened from the houses in every direction. Sev- eral of us rode up to the hill, endeavoring to rally the men, and with good effect, as they gave three cheers and sallied out of the various houses they had retreated to, and checked the advance effect- ually. The firing from both sides then became general, sharp and rapid, and it got to be a regu- lar Indian skirmish, in which every man did his own work after his own fashion. The Indians had now got into the rear of our men, and nearly on all sides of them, and the fire of the enemy was becoming very galling, as they had possession of a large number of buildings."

FIGHT AT THE WIND-MILL .- Rev. B. G. Coffin, of Mankato, George B. Stewart, of Le Sueur, and J. B. Trogdon, of Nicollet, and thirteen other-, fought their way to the wind-mill. This they held during the battle, their unerring shots tel ing fearfully upon the savages, and finally forcing them to retire. At night these brave men set fire to the building, and then retreated within the bar- ricades, in the vicinity of the Dakota House. During the firing from this mill a most determined and betinate fight was kept up from the brick 'v'ere Governor Swift was stationed, u most fatally upon the foe, and from

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HISTORY OF THE SIOUX MASSACRE.

this point many an Indian fell before the deadly aim of the true men stationed there.

CAPTAIN WILLIAM B. DODD .- When the attack was made upon the place the Indians had sule- ceeded in reaching the Lower Town. The wind was favoring them, as the smoke of burning build- ings was carried into the main portion of the town. behind which they were advancing. "Captain William B. Dodd, of St. Peter, seeing the move- ment from that quarter, supposed the expected re- inforcements were in from that direction. Ho made at once a superhuman etfort. almost, to en- courage the coming troops to force the Indian line and gain admittance into the town. HIe had gone about seventy-five yards outside the lines, when the Indians from buiklings on either side of the street poured a full volley into the horse and rider. The Captain received three balls near his heart, wheeled his horse, and riding within twenty- five yards of our lines fell from his horse, and was assisted to walk into a house, where in a few mo- ments he died, the noblest Roman of them all.' He dictated a short message to his wife, and re- marked that he had discharged his duty and was ready to die. No man fought more courageously, or died more nobly. Let his virtues be forever re- membered. Ho was a hero of the truest type!" -- St. Peter Statesman.

At the stage of the battle in which Captain Dodd was killed, several others also were either killed or wounded. Captain Saunders, a Baptist minister of Le Suenr, was wounded, with many others. Howell Houghton, an old settler, was killed. The contest was continued until dark, when the enemy began to carry off their dead and wounded. In the morning of the next day (Sun- day) a feeble firing was kept up for several hours by the sullen and retiring foe. The battle of New Ulm had been fonght, and the whites were masters of the field; but at what a fearful price! The dead and dying and wounded filled the buildings left standing, and this beautiful and enterprising German town, which on Monday morning con- tained over two hundred buildings, had been laid in ashes, only some twenty-five houses remaining to mark the spot where New Ulm once stood.

On Sunday afternoon, Captain Cox's command, one hundred and fifty volunteers from Nicollet, Sibley and Le Sucur, armed with Austrian rifles, shot-guns and hunting rifles arrived. The Indians retreated, and returned no more to make battle with the forces at New Ulm.

But strange battle field. The Indians deserted it on Sunday, and on Monday the successful de- fenders also retire from a place they dare not at- tempt to hold! The town was evacuated. All the women and children, and wounded men, making one hundred and fifty-three wagon loads, while a considerable number composed the com- pany on foot. All these moved with the command of Judge Flandrau towards Mankato.

The loss to our forces in this engagement was ten killed, and about fifty wounded. The loss of the enemy is unknown, but must have been heavy, as ten of their dead were found on the field of battle, which they had been unable to remove.

We might fill volumes with incidents, and mi- raenlons escapes from death, but our limits abso- lutely forbid their introduction in this abridge- ment. The reader must consult the larger work for these details. The escape of Governor Swift, Flandrau and Bird, and J. B. Trogdon and D. G. Shellack and others from perilous positions, are among the many exciting incidents of the siege of Now Ulm.

Omitting the story of John W. Young, of won- derful interest, we refer brietly to the weightier matters of this sad chapter, and conclude the same by the relation of one short chapter.

THE EXPEDITION TO LEAVENWORTH.

During the siege of New Ulm, two expeditions were sent out from that place toward the settle- ments on the Big Cottonwood, and although not really forming a part of the operations of a de- fensive character at that place, are yet so connect- ed with them that we give them here.

On Thursday morning, the 21st of August, a party went out on the road to Leavenworth for the purpose of burying the dead, aiding the wounded and bringing them in, should they find any, and to act as a scouting party. They went out some eight miles, found and buried several bodies, and returned to New Ulm, at night, without seeing any Indians.

On Friday, the 22d, another party of one hun- dred and forty men, under command of Captain George M. Tousley, started for the purpose of res- cuing a party of eleven persons, women and child- ren, who, a refugee informed the commandant, were hiding in a ravine out toward Leavenworth. Accompanying this party were Drs. A. W. Daniels, of St. Peter, and Ayer, of Le Sucur.

On the way out, the cannonading at Fort Ridgely was distinctly heard by them, and then

219

STATEMENT OF RALPH THOMAS.

Dr. Daniels, who had resided among the Sioux several years as a physician to the lower bands, had, for the first time, some conception of the ex- tent and magnitude of the outbreak.

As the main object of the expedition had alrea- dy been accomplished-i. e., the rescue of the wo- men and children-Dr. Daniels urged a return to New Ulm. The question was submitted to the company, and they decided to go on, and proceed- ed to within four miles of Leavenworth, the de- sign being to go to that place, remain there all night, bury the dead next day, and return.

It was now nearly night; the cannonading at the fort could still be heard; Indian spies were, undoubtedly, watching them; only about one hundred armed men were left in the town, and from his intimate knowledge of the Indian char- acter, Dr. Daniels was convinced that the safety of their force, as well as New Ulm itself, required their immediate return.

A halt was called, and this view of the case was presented to the men by Drs. Daniels, Ayer, and Mayo. A vote was again taken, and it was deci- ded to return. The return march commenced at about sundown, and at one o'clock A. M. they re- entered the village.

Ralph Thomas, who resided on the Big Cotton- wood, in the county of Brown, had gone with many of his neighbors, on Monday, the 18th of August, into New Ulm for safety, while William Carroll and some others residing further up the river, in Leavenworth, had gone to the same place to ascertain whether the rumors they had heard of an uprising among the Sioux were true. Mr. Thomas makes the following statement of the do- ings of this little party, and its subsequent fate:

"There were eight of us on horseback, and the balance of the party were in three wagons. We had gone about a mile when we met a German going into New Ulm, who said he saw Indians at my place skinning a heifer, and that they drove him off, chasing him with spears. He had come from near Leavenworth. We kept on to my place, near which we met John Thomas and Almon Par- ker, who had remained the night before in a grove of timber, one and a half miles from my place. About eight o'clock the evening before, they had seen a party of ten or twelve Indians, mounted on ponies, coming toward them, who chased them into the grove, the savages passing on to the right, leaving them alone. They stated to us that they liad seen Indians that morning traveling over the

prairie southward. We stopped at my place and fed onr horses. While the horses were eating, I called for three or four men to go with me to the nearest houses, to see what had become of the peo- ple. We went first to the house of Mr. Mey, where we found him and his family lying around the house, to all appearance dead. We also found here Joseph Emery and a Mr. Heuyer, also appa- rently dead. We had been here some five minutes viewing the scene, when one of the children, a girl of seven years, rose up from the ground and com- menced crying piteously. I took her in my arms, and told the other men to examine the other bodies and see if there were not more of them alive. They found two others, a twin boy and girl about two years old; all the rest were dead.

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