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RICKS COLLEGE LRC
3 1404 00 139 113 2
RICKS COLLEGE
David O. Mckay Learning Resources Center Rexburg, Idaho 83440
DATE DUE
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http://archive.org/details/historyoflincoln00chic
HISTORY
-OF-
LINCOLN COUNTY, MISSOURI
FROM THE EARLIEST TIME TO THE PRESENT.
INCLUDING A DEPARTMENT DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF SUNDRY PERSONAL, BUSINESS, PROFESSIONAL AND PRIVATE RECORDS; BESIDES A VALUABLE FUND OF NOTES, ORIGINAL OBSERVATIONS, ETC., ETC.
ILLUSTRATED
CHICAGO : THE GOODSPEED PUBLISHING CO. 1888.
JOHN MORRIS COMPANY, PRINTERS, 118 AND 120 MONROE STREET, CHICAGO, ILL.
PREFACE.
This volume has been prepared in response to the prevailing and popular demand for the preservation of local history and biography. The method of preparation followed is the most successful and the most satisfactory yet devised-the most successful in the enormous number of volumes circulated, and the most satisfactory in the general preservation of personal biography and family record conjointly with local history. The number of yolumes now being distributed seems fabulous. Careful estimates piace the number circulated in Ohio at 50,000 volumes; Pennsylvania, 60,000; New York, 75,000; Indiana, 40,000; Illinois, 40,000; Iowa, 35,000; Missouri, 25,000; Minnesota, 15,000; Nebraska, 15,000, and all the other States at the same pro- portionate rate. The southern half of Missouri has as yet scarcely been touched by the historian, but is now being rapidly written.
The design of the present extensive historical and biographical research is more to gather and preserve in attractive form, while fresh with the evidence of truth, the enormous fund of perishing occurrence, than to abstract from insufficient contemporaneous data remote, doubt- ful or incorrect conclusions. The true perspective of the landscape of life can only be seen from the distance that lends enchantment to the view. It is asserted that no person is competent to write a philo- sophical history of his own time; that, owing, to imperfect and con- flicting circumstantial evidence, that yet conceals, instead of reveals, the truth, he cannot take that correct, unprejudiced, logical, luminous and comprehensive view of passing events that will enable him to draw accurate and enduring conclusions. The duty, then, of an histo- rian of his own time is to collect, classify and preserve the material for the final historian, of the future. The present historian deals in fact; the future historian, in conclusion. The work of the former is statistical; of the latter, philosophical.
To him who has not attempted the collection of historical data, the obstacles to be surmounted are unknown. Doubtful traditions, conflicting statements, imperfect records, inaccurate public and private correspondence, the bias or untruthfulness of informers, and the gen- eral obscurity which, more or less, envelops all passing events, com- bine to bewilder and mislead. The publishers of this volume, fully aware of their inability to furnish a perfect history, an accomplishment vouchsafed to the imagination only of the dreamer or the theorist, make no pretension of having prepared a work devoid of blemish. They feel assured that all thoughtful people, at present and in future, will recognize and appreciate the importance of their undertaking, and the great public benefit that has been accomplished.
In the preparation of this volume the publishers have met with nothing but courtesy and assistance from the public. The subscription list was much smaller than the publishers hoped and expected to receive; and although the margin of profit was thus cut down to the lowest limit, no curtailment or omission of matter was made from the origi- nal extensive design of the work. No subject promised is omitted, and many not promised are given. In all cases the personal sketches have been submitted by mail, and in most instances have been cor- rected and approved by the subjects themselves. The publishers disclaim responsibility for the substance of the matter contained in the Biographical Appendix, as the material was wholly furnished by the subjects of the sketches. With many thanks to our friends for the success of our difficult enterprise, we respectfully tender this fine volume to our patrons.
September, 1888.
THE PUBLISHERS.
CONTENTS.
PART I .- HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
PAGE.
Attitude of Missouri before the War.
9-4
Article XV. 147
Amendments to the State Constitution. 149
Attorney Generals 164
Auditors of Public Accounts 165
Boone's Lick Country
61
Black Hawk War
67
Beginning of Civil War 92
Boonville
113
Belmont
126
Battle of Pea Ridge ..
127
Battle of Kirksville
130
Battle at Independence .. 131
Battles of Lone Jack and Newtonia 132
Battle of Cane Hill
133
Battles of Springfield, Hartsville and Cape Girardeau. 133
Battles in Missouri, List of. 142
Baptist Church. 159
Clay Compromise, The
65
Constitutional Convention of 1845. 74
Campaign of 1861
113
Carthage. 115
Capture of Lexington
123
Campaign of 1862
127
Compton's Ferry. 131
Campaign of 1863. 133
Campaign of 1864. 137
Centralia Massacre.
140
Churches ..
159
Christian Church.
Congregational Church
Conclusion 197
Dred Scott Decision, The. 87
141
Drake Constitution, The 143
Divisions in the Republican Party
147
Dates of Organization of Counties 'with Origin of Names, etc .. 181
Early Discoveries and Explorers 44
Early Settlements. 47
Earthquakes at New Madrid
58
Enterprise and Advancement
62
Events Preceding the Civil War
89
Efforts toward Conciliation ... 104
Emancipation Proclamation and XIIIth
Amendment
111
Execution of Rebel Prisoners 132
Election of 1884. The .. 156
Early Courts, The 157
Episcopal Church 160
French and Indian War 48
Founding of St. Louis, The 49
From 1785 to 1800. 55
First General Assembly 66
Fremont in the Field .. 125
Friends' Church. 160
Fire at St. Louis, The Great. 79 Geology. 12
Gov. Jackson and the Missouri Legislature 97
Gov. Crittenden's Administration 151
Governors
163
Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad Contro-
versies ... 152
Indian and Other Races 42
Israelite Church .. 160
Jackson Resolutions, The. 80
Judges of Supreme Court 165
La Salle
46
Louisiana, District and Territory of .. 56
Louisiana Purchased by the United States .. 55
Lewis and Clark's Expedition. 57 Lutheran Church 161
Lieutenant-Governors. 164
Minerals and Mineral Springs.
23-38
Manufacturing. 3º
Marquette ..
45
Missouri a Territory
59
Mexican War, The ...
75
Martial Law Declared
123
Murders at Gun City. 149
Methodist Episcopal Church ... 161
Methodist Episcopal Church South 162
Missouri's Delegation in the Confederate
Congress ..
168
Organization of Kansas and Nebraska. 82
Operations against Guerrillas 129
Order No. 11 134
Officers Previous to State Organization 162
Officers of State Government. 163
Pontiac, Death of .. 51
Public and Private Schools 157
Presidential Elections 169
Proclamation by Gov. Jackson 105
Resources.
11
Rock Formation. 15
Railroads. 40
Revision of the State Constitution 150
166
Rebel Governors 169
Soils, Clays, etc. 13
State Organization 63
State Convention 64
Seminole War. 68
90
Surrender of Camp Jackson
98
State Convention, The
109
Springfield
125
Shelby's Raid 137
State Constitutional Convention. 143
Secretaries of State. 164
State Treasurers 164
Salaries of State Officers 181
United States Senators ..
166
Votes by Counties at Presidential Elections from 1836 to 1884. 171-181
Wealth . 41
War of the Revolution, The. 52
War with Great Britain in 1812
60
Western Department, The.
117
Wilson Creek
118
Year of the Great Waters 54
71
Mormons and Mormon War, The.
159
160
Death of Bill Anderson
Representatives to Congress
Secession
PAGE.
viii
CONTENTS.
PART II-HISTORY OF LINCOLN COUNTY.
CHAPTER I. PAGE.
LOCATION, TOPOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, ETC .... .203
Boundary. .203
Prairie, Bluff's, etc. 204
Landscape 204
Streams
204
Navigation
206
Drainage 205
Timber 206
Economic Geology
208
Mineral Products.
208
Caves
209
Soil and its Productive Properties. 210
Mounds and Mound Builders
212
CHAPTER II.
INDIAN AFFAIRS AND WAR OF 1812 214
Early Indian Settlements. 214
Black Hawk 214
Defiance of the Red Men 215
Massacre of McHugh's Children
216
Forts Erected during War of 1812.
218
Clark's Fort.
218
Woods' Fort.
218
Stout's Fort
218
Fort Howard
219
Volunteers
219
Rangers and Well-known Officers 219
An Attack by Black Hawk. 220
Dixon's Escape 220
Fight near Fort Howard 221
Killing of Seven Men .221
Capt. Craig's Death
222
Battle of the sink Hole
Massacre of the O'Neal Family 223
Lieut. McNair Lost
.224
A Joke with Sad Results.
224
Death of Lynn and Keightley 225
Expedition to Relieve Prairie du Chien. .. 226
Deaths of McCoy, Pugh and McNair .. 227 Defeat and Death of Capt. Callaway. 228
Refugees in Woods' Fort
229
Sundry Indian Skirmishes
229
CHAPTER III.
EARLY SETTLEMENT. 230
The First Settlers 230
Sketch of Maj. Clark 230 The Groshongs, Riffles, Collards, etc. 232 Other Early Families 233
Location of Settlers
.233
Survivors of the Revolution 238
Pioneer Tax Payers in 1821. .239
Meeting Friendly Indians 241 The Fioneer's Cabin 243
Its Construction, Comfort, etc.
243
A Pioneer House-raising ..
244
Primitive Weddings
Old Settlers' Organization in Troy.
247
A Memorable Reunion.
248
Proceedings of August 31, 1883 249 Decorations of Troy. 250
Second Reunion at Troy. 251 Letter from John H. Brown, of Texas ..... 251 The Pioneer's Hardships and Disadvant- ages 253
Staple Prices in 1828. 254
A Bear Hunt 255
Native Animals and Wild Fowls 255
Annoyance by Animals of Chase .256
Christmas Frolics. 258
CHAPTER IV. PAGE.
ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY, COURTS, ETC .. 258
County Established and Name Selected ... 259 Address of Maj. Clark. 259
First Term of County Court, Proceed- ings of . 260
David Todd, Appointed Judge
260
First Officials .261
County Seat Commissioners. .. 262
262
Appointments.
.262
First Election 263
Second Term of Court ..
264
Licenses Granted and Orders Made .. 264
Lincoln County in Favor of State Sover- eignty. 265
County Seat .. 265
Land Offered and Site Chosen. 265
First County Court, The
266
Removal of the County Seat 267
Monroe not a Satisfactory Site .. 267
New Commissioners Appointed. 268
Proceedings of Court at Alexandria 269
Early Public Buildings 271
Second Removal of County Seat 271
Troy Selected as Seat of Justice. 272
Highways
274
Direct and Practicable Routes Estab- lished. 274
Rates of Ferriage in 1829 276
Internal Improvements, Road and Canal Fund. 276
Public Buildings 277
The Jail
278
Poor Asylum and Farm 278
Superintendents of Same .. 280
Municipal Townships Formed.
281
Public Lands and Indian Treaties 184
CHAPTER V.
LAND GRANTS, RAILROADS, ETC ... .287
Spanish Grants 257
Land Titles Confirmed 288
To Whom Confirmed 288
Public Surveys, The.
291
Principal Meridians
291
Base Lines
292
Public Lands.
292
School Sections ..
992
Swamp and Overflowed Lands Railroads 294
202
St. Louis, Keokuk & Northwestern. .294
St. Louis && Hannibal.
294
Railroad Bonds ..
.. 295
Complete History of the Railroad Bond Controversy .295
Bedford Township Subscription ....... .... 314
Clarksville and Western Railroad .315
Elections in Hurricane Township for Railroad 315
CHAPTER VI.
TAXATION, FINANCES AND POPULATION 316
First Levies and Collections. 316
Accounts Against the County .. .316 Expenditures aud Revenue .. 31"
Taxable Property and Taxes in 1832 318
Slaveholders ..
319
Receipts and Expenditures for Year ending May 1, 1851 320
Last Year of Slavery 321
Taxable Property, 1870, 1880 and 1888 .. 322, 323 Population of Lincoln County 324
Colored Population
391
Date of First Marriage Record 244
Peculiarly Worded Certificates 244
246
Old Settlers' Reunion at Elsberry .247
Formation of Townships
PART I.
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
INTRODUCTORY.
M ISSOURI, the eighth State of the Union in size, the seventh in wealth, and the fifth in population and politi- cal power, lies in the very heart of the Mississippi Valley. Extend- ing from the thirty-sixth nearly to the forty-first degree of north latitude, it has considerable diversity both of soil and climate.
Its eastern limit is marked from north to south by the great " Father of Waters," and the Missouri washes its western bound- ary, from the northwest corner southward about 250 miles to the mouth of the Kansas, and thence flows south of east through the heart of the State, and joins its muddy torrent with the waters of the Mississippi.
These two mighty rivers have many tributaries which are, to a greater or less extent, navigable for steamboats, keelboats and barges.
The extreme length of the State is 328 miles; the extreme breadth, in the southern part, is 280 miles; and the average breadth 250 miles. Missouri has an area of 65,350 square miles, or 41,824,000 acres. It has 18,350 more square miles than the State of New York, is nearly nine times the size of Massachusetts, and exceeds in extent all of the New England States combined.
There is no State in the Union which surpasses Missouri in respect to geographical situation and natural resources. Other
NOTE .- In the compilation of the State History the authors consulted, among others, the following authorities: "State Geological Reports;" "Charlevoix's Journal of a Voyage to North America in 1721;" Stoddard's "Historical Sketches of Louisiana;" Schoolcraft's " Narrative Jour- nal," Breckenridge; Pike's "Expedition;" Switzler's "History of Missouri;" Bradbury's "Trav- els;" " Lilliman's Journal;" " American Cyclopedia;" Beck's "Gazetteer of Indiana and Missouri," 1823; Wetmore's " Gazetteer of Missouri," 1837; Shebard's "Early History of St. Louis and Mis- souri;" Parker's " Missouri As It Is in 1867;" Davis & Durrie's "History of Missouri," 1876.
12
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
regions may boast of delightful climate, rich and productive soil, abundant timber, or inexhaustible mineral deposits, but Mis- souri has all of these. She has more and better iron than England and quite as much coal, while her lead deposits are rivaled by that of no other country of equal area upon the globe.
The population of the State, according to the census of 1880, was 2,168,380, showing an increase of 25.9 per cent within the preceding decade.
GEOLOGY.
The stratified rocks of Missouri may be classified as follows, enumerating them from the surface downward:
Quaternary or Post Tertiary .- Alluvium, 30 feet thick. I. Soils-Pebbles and sand, clays, vegetable mold or humus, bog iron ore, calcareous tufa, stalactites and stalagmites, marls; bot- tom prairie, 35 feet thick; bluff, 200 feet thick; drift, 155 feet thick.
II. Tertiary .- Clays, shales, iron ores, sandstone, fine and coarse sands.
III. Cretaceous .- No. 1, 13 feet, argillaceous variegated sandstone; No. 2, 20 feet, soft bluish brown sandy slate, con- taining quantities of iron pyrites; No. 3, 25 feet, whitish brown impure sandstone, banded with purple and pink; No. 4, 45 feet, slate, like No. 2; No. 5, 45 feet, fine white siliceous clay, inter- stratified with white flint, more or less spotted and banded with pink and purple; No. 6, 10 feet, purple red and blue clays. En- tire thickness, 158 feet.
IV. Carboniferous .- Upper carboniferous or coal measures, sandstone, limestone, shales, clays, marls, spathic iron ores, coals. Lower carboniferous or mountain limestone, upper Archimedes limestone, 200 feet; ferruginous sandstone, 195 feet; middle Ar- chimedes limestone, 50 feet; St. Louis limestone, 250 feet ; oolitic limestone, 25 feet; lower Archimedes limestone, 350 feet ; encrinital limestone, 500 feet.
V. Devonian .- Chemung group: Chouteau limestone, 85 feet; vermicular sandstone, 75 feet; lithographic limestone, 12.5 feet. Hamilton group: Blue shales, 40 feet; semi-crystalline limestone, 107 feet; Onondaga limestone, Oriskany sandstone.
13
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
VI. Silurian .- Upper silurian: Lower Helderberg, 350 feet; Niagara group, 200 feet; Cape Girardeau limestone, 60 feet. Lower silurian: Hudson River group, 220 feet; Trenton limestone, 350 feet; Black River and Birdseye limestone, 75 feet ; first magnesian limestone, 200 feet; saccharoidal sandstone, 125 feet; second magnesian limestone, 230 feet; second sand- stone, 115 feet; third magnesian limestone, 350 feet; third sand- stone, 60 feet; fourth magnesian limestone, 300 feet.
VII. Azoic Rocks.
The Quaternary rocks, the most recent of all the formations, contain the entire geological record of all the cycles from the end of the Tertiary period to the present time; and their economical value is also greater than that of all the other formations com- bined. This system comprises the drift and all the deposits above it. There are, within the system, four distinct and strongly defined formations in the State, namely: Alluvium, bottom prairie, bluff and drift.
SOILS.
Soils are a compound of pulverized and decomposed mineral substances, mingled with decayed vegetable and animal re- mains, and containing all the ingredients necessary to the sus- tenance of the vegetable kingdom. The soils of Missouri have been produced by the mixing of organic matter with the pulver- ized marls, clays and sands of the Quaternary deposits which are found in great abundance in nearly all parts of the State, and are of material best designed for their rapid formation. For this cause the soils of the State are marvelously deep and pro- ductive, except in a few localities where the materials of the Qua- ternary strata are very coarse, or entirely wanting.
CLAYS.
Clays are dark, bluish-gray strata, more or less mixed with particles of flint, limestone and decomposed organic matter. When the floods of the Mississippi and the Missouri subside, lagoons, sloughs and lakes are left full of turbid water. The coarser substances soon subside into a stratum of sand, but the finer particles settle more slowly and form the silico-calcareous
14
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
clays of the alluvial bottom. Thus, after each flood, strata of sand and clay are deposited, until the lakes and lagoons are filled up.
Then a stratum of humus, or decayed vegetable matter, is formed by the decomposition of the annual growth and of the foreign matter which falls into the water, and every succeeding crop of vegetation adds another such stratum. Thus are rapidly formed thick beds of vegetable mold, yielding support to the magnificent forest trees which grow upon the sites of those ancient lakes and morasses. In this manner have been formed the vast, alluvial plains bordering upon the Missouri and Missis- sippi Rivers, which comprise about 4,000,000 acres of land, based upon these strata of sand, clays, marls and humus. The soil formed upon these alluvial beds is deep, rich and light almost beyond comparison, and is constantly increasing by the filling up of lakes and sloughs as above described.
THE BLUFF OR LOESS.
This occurs in the Missouri bluffs forming a belt of several miles in width, extending from the mouth of the Missouri to the northwest corner of the State, where it is found just beneath the soil, and also in the bluffs of the Mississippi from Dubuque to the mouth of the Ohio. Thus while the bottom prairie occupies a higher geological horizon, the bluff is usually several hundred feet above it topographically. The latter is generally a finely comminuted, siliceous marl, of a light, brown color, and often weathers into perpendicular escarpments. Concretions of lime- stone are often found, and to the marly character of these clays may be ascribed the richness of the overlying soil. It is to this formation that the Central Mississippi and Southern Missouri valleys owe their superiority in agriculture. Where it is best developed in Western Missouri the soil is equal to any in the country.
DRIFT.
This formation exists throughout Northern Missouri. The upper members consist of stiff, tenacious, brown, drab and blue clays, often mottled and sometimes containing rounded pebbles,
15
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
chiefly of granite rocks. The lower division includes beds of dark blue clay, often hardening on exposure, frequently overlaid and sometimes interstratified with beds and pockets of sand, sometimes inclosing leaves and remains of trees. Good springs originate in these sand beds, and when they are ferruginous the springs are chalybeate.
TERTIARY SYSTEM.
There is a formation made up of clays, shales, iron ores, sandstone, and a variety of fine and coarse sand, extending along the bluffs, and skirting the bottoms, from Commerce, in Scott County, westward to Stoddard, and thence south to the Chalk Bluffs in Arkansas.
The iron ore of these beds is very abundant, and exceedingly valuable. The spathic ore has been found in no other locality in Southeastern Missouri, so that the large quantity and excel- lent quality of these beds will render them very valuable for the various purposes to which this ore is peculiarly adapted.
The white sand of these beds is available for glass making, and for the composition of mortars and cements. The clays are well adapted to the manufacture of pottery and stoneware.
CRETACEOUS ROCKS.
These strata are very much disturbed, fractured, upheaved and tilted, so as to form various faults and axes, anticlinal and synclinal; while the strata, above described as tertiary, are in their natural position, and rest nonconformably upon these beds. In these so called cretaceous rocks no fossils have been observed.
CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS.
This system presents two important divisions: The upper carboniferous, or coal measures; and the lower carboniferous or mountain limestone.
The coal measures, as seen by the table, are composed of nu- merous strata of sandstone, limestone, shales, clays, marls, spathic iron ores and coals. About 2,000 feet of these coal measures have been found to contain numerous beds of iron ore, and at least eight or ten beds of good, workable coal. Investigation shows
16
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
a greater downward thickness of the coal formation in Southwest Missouri, including beds whose position is probably below those of the northern part of the State. These rocks, with the accom- panying beds of coal and iron, cover an area of more than 27,000 square miles in Missouri alone.
The geological map of the State shows that if a line were roughly drawn from Clark County on the northeast to Jasper County in the southwest, most of the counties northwest of this line, together with Audrain, Howard and Boone, would be included in the coal measure. There are also extensive coal beds in Cole, Moniteau, St. Charles, St. Louis and Callaway Counties.
The Missouri coal basin is one of the largest in the world, including besides the 27,000 square miles in Missouri, 10,000 in Nebraska; 12,000 in Kansas; 20,000 in Iowa, and 30,000 in Illi- nois; making a total of about 100,000 square miles.
The fossils of the coal measure are numerous, and distinct from those of any other formation. This latter fact has led to the discovery of the existence of coal measures and the coal beds contained in them, over an area of many thousand miles, where it had been supposed that no coal measures and no coal existed.
Of the lower carboniferous rocks, the upper Archimedes lime- stone is developed in Ste. Genevieve County.
The ferruginous sandstone is generally found along the eastern and southern limit of the coal fields, passing beneath the coal formation on the west. It varies from a few feet to 100 feet in thickness. In Callaway it occurs both as a pure white sand- stone, a ferruginous sandstone, and a conglomerate. In Pettis and Howard Counties we find it a coarse, whitish sandstone. In Cedar, Dade and Lawrence a very ferruginous sandstone, often containing valuable deposits of iron ore. In Newton County it occurs in useful flaglike layers.
The St. Louis limestone, next in descending order, forms the entire group of limestone at St. Louis, where it is well marked and of greater thickness than seen elsewhere in this State. It is more often fine grained, compact or sub-crystalline, sometimes inclosing numerous chert concretions, and the beds are often separated by thin, green shale beds.
Its stratigraphical position is between the ferruginous sand-
17
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
stone and the Archimedes limestone, as seen near the Des Moines, and near the first tunnel on the Pacific Railroad. It is found in Clark and Lewis Counties, but, as has been said, attains its greatest development at St. Louis-hence its name.
The most characteristic fossils yet described are palæchinus multipora, lithostrotion canadense, Echinocrinus nerei, Poterio- crinus longidactylus and Atrypa lingulata.
The lower Archimides limestone includes the "arenaceous bed," the " Warsaw or second Archimedes limestone," the mag- nesian limestone, the " Geode bed," the " Keokuk or lower Archim- edes limestone" of Prof. Hall's section, and the lead-bearing rocks of Southwestern Missouri; which last, though different from any of the above beds, are more nearly allied to them than to the encrinital limestone below. All of the above beds are easily recognized in Missouri, except, perhaps, the Warsaw limestone, which is but imperfectly represented in our north- eastern counties, where the "Keokuk limestone," the "Geode beds," and the magnesian limestone are well developed.
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