History of Lincoln County, Missouri, from the earliest time to the present, Part 29

Author:
Publication date: 1888
Publisher: Chicago : Goodspeed Pub.
Number of Pages: 664


USA > Missouri > Lincoln County > History of Lincoln County, Missouri, from the earliest time to the present > Part 29


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323


HISTORY OF LINCOLN COUNTY.


that amount. Valuations for taxation are very uncertain, and vary greatly in amount from time to time on the same piece of property. The taxes charged on the foregoing valuation for the year 1880 were as follows: State tax, $7,724.88; State interest tax, $7,724.88; county tax, $11,587.32; road tax, $3,862.44; making a total of $30,899.52. This amount does not include any school tax.


TAXABLE PROPERTY IN 1888.


The assessed valuation of the taxable property in Lincoln County for the present year, 1888, is as follows:


Land Book East. $1,399,240


Land Book West. 1,495,000


Total value of real estate. $2,894,240


Total value of personal property. 1,476,590


Value of merchandise on merchants' book. 146,610


St. Louis, Keokuk & Northwestern Ry. 20.88 miles. 148,483


St. Louis & Hannibal Ry. 33.04 miles ..


136,883


Western Union Telegraph Lines, 85 miles.


7,500


Total assessed value of taxable property. $4,800,306


By comparison it will be observed that the increase in the assessed value of the real estate of Lincoln County from 1880 to 1888 was $199,960, and of the personal property, $298,430, mak- ing a total of $498,390 of the increased value in eight years. At the present writing the taxes for 1888 have not been com- pleted; but the levy for State and county purposes amounts to $1.50 on each $100 of taxable property. This levy on the whole amount of taxable property, as given above, will produce $72,004.59 for State and county purposes. In addition to this amount the school tax levies, which average about 40 cents on each $100, will produce the further sum of $19,201.22 (or thereabout), making $91,205.81 as the grand total of taxes that will be charged on the tax books of the county for the year 1888. This latter amount will be about double the amount of taxes charged for all purposes in 1880, but it must be borne in mind that 60 cents of the county levy for 1888 (which will produce $28,801.83) is to raise revenue to pay whatever becomes due on the railroad bonded indebtedness. No railroad tax was charged in 1880.


324


STATE OF MISSOURI.


POPULATION OF LINCOLN COUNTY.


The population of Lincoln County, including both white and black, as given by the several census reports of the United States, beginning with the year 1820, is as follows: 1820, 1,662; 1830, 4,059; 1840, 7,449; 1850, 9,428; 1860, 14,210; 1870, 15,960; 1880, 17,426.


With the natural increase, together with the increased immi- gration occasioned by the building up of several railroad towns since 1880, it is safe to estimate the population of the county in 1888 at 20,000. In 1860 there were 2,863 colored persons in the county; but according to the tax lists there were only 2,564 in 1862, the last year that they were enrolled for taxation. In 1870 the colored population was 1,987, and in 1880 it was 2,146. The decrease in the decade covering the war period was 873, and the increase in the next decade was 159.


CHAPTER VII.


AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE AND LIVE STOCK.


The principal agricultural products of Lincoln County are Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, potatoes and tobacco. In an early day cotton was extensively raised, but its cultivation has since been entirely abandoned. The productions are varied, though not so much as a better development of resources and a higher cultivation would demand. All the grains and grasses are dis- tributed over the county, but in some cases with unequal results. In the eastern and southeastern parts of the county, comprising about half its area, wheat is the prominent crop. Its quality is unsurpassed, being fully equal to the best raised in the State, which is recognized as producing the finest wheat in the world. The yield has been known to reach forty to forty-five bushels per acre, but only in the most favorable seasons and with the best of cultivation, the average usually being less than half that amount. The soil throughout the county is rich in wheat producing prin- ciples, and with proper fertilization, subsoiling and underdrain-


325


HISTORY OF LINCOLN COUNTY.


ing, it can be made to yield from thirty to forty bushels per acre in most all seasons. The preparation of soils by underdrainage has as yet been scarcely thought of in Lincoln County. Corn and oats are produced in great abundance. It would be difficult to find a soil better adapted to either of these cereals. The soil is also well adapted to the growing of the grasses, especially tim- othy, which is the best known grass for hay. Clover also suc- ceeds well, but it is not extensively grown. Hungarian grass and millet grow well all over the county. Barley and buck- wheat also yield well, but are not extensively sown.


Broom corn yields abundantly in every part of the county, but, except in a few localities, no attention has been paid to it. Tobacco is advantageously grown on the timbered lands. The golden leaf of the white oak and post oak ridges is of the very finest quality, and is in great demand for wrappers. In the great tobacco fair of St. Louis, in 1869, Lincoln County tobacco took the first premium, nearly every State in the Union being repre- sented. Sorghum is grown in every part of the county; the uplands producing less but of a finer quality. The small mills in the different localities manufacture the cane into molasses with success varying according to skill employed. The syrups from some of these mills will rival in color and flavor the finest silver drips. The consumption of sorghum, in this county, is fast superseding that of foreign syrups. As yet scarcely any has been exported, but its manufacture is destined to become a profit- able industry.


The soil is also well adapted to the raising of all kinds of garden vegetables. Potatoes of the best quality are easily grown, but as yet they have not been extensively grown for the market, the farmers being content to grow them only for home consumption.


FRUIT CULTURE.


To the experienced fruit raiser Lincoln County offers a most inviting field. Nearly every kind of marketable fruit can be raised here with great profit to the careful cultivator. Nowhere do strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, gooseberries or cur- rants grow more plentifully or attain greater excellence of flavor.


326


STATE OF MISSOURI.


Cherries grow extremely well, but the trees are not so long-lived as in Eastern States, nor do they reach the same size. Peaches, pears, plums and apricots do very well, but the great crop is the apple. The yield is good and flavor excellent. The average yield of well-kept trees is about ten barrels, though much larger yields are frequently seen. But little has been done as yet in the line of fruit culture, but it is not very uncommon for the farmer to receive a larger profit from his small orchard than from the remainder of his farm, showing what might be accomplished in this direction. The following kinds of winter apples, when grown here with any care, are of special fine flavor: Rawle's Janet, Northern Spy, Winesap, Rhode Island Greening, Baldwin, Stark, Bellflower, Ben Davis, Willowtwig, Pennsylvania Red- streak, Newton Pippin, Golden Pippin, Roman Beauty, Prior Red, Vandever, etc.


GRAPES AND WINES.


It is well known that for excellence in grapes and wines Mis- souri cannot be surpassed by any other State or country in the world. This fact is principally due to the success of the grapes producing clarets, Burgundies, sherries and other choice red wines, such as Norton's Virginia, Cynthiana, Neosho, Hermann, etc. The wine made from the Cynthiana grape grown in this State took the first premium in Vienna as the best red wine of all nations. There is another class of grapes and wine, namely, the Elvira, Taylor, Amber, etc., producing hocks and white wines, in which Missouri, while not excelling those grown elsewhere, can equal them, even rivaling the famous Johannisbergs and Riesslings. The stocks of both these classes, when grown in this State, are phylloxera proof, and vast quantities have, on this ac- But little atten- count, been shipped to France and California.


tion has been paid to grape-growing in Lincoln County, but the success of the many small vineyards demonstrates the fact that it is equal to the very best for grape-culture, and wine has been made here that competent judges have pronounced superior to the best Rhine wines. There are thousands of acres in this county admirably adapted to the culture of red and white wine- producing grapes.


327


HISTORY OF LINCOLN COUNTY.


PRODUCTIONS.


According to the United States census for 1880, there were 2,441 farms in Lincoln County, with 194,311 acres of improved land. The value of the farms, including the lands, fences and buildings, was $4,243,837. The farm implements and machinery were valued at $211,759. The value of the live stock was $1,- 024,403. The estimated value of all farm productions for 1879 was $1,038,095. These are the latest reliable statistics, and he who lives to compare these figures with those of the forthcom- ing census of 1890, will find " food for reflection." He will find that a wonderful improvement will have been made during the decade of the eighties. The following is a list of the amounts of vegetable productions of Lincoln County for the year 1879, as given by the census of 1880: Indian corn, 1,563,356 bushels; wheat, 428,119 bushels; oats, 319,008 bushels; rye, 2,749 bushels ; pota- toes, 15,782 bushels; sweet potatoes, 837 bushels; hay, 2,458 tons; tobacco, 308,090 pounds; value of orchard products, $17,- 158.


According to the same census, Lincoln was an average county, in the 115 counties of the State, in the production of Indian corn, far above the average in the production of oats, the seventeenth county in the production of wheat, and the eleventh in the production of tobacco. This is certainly a very good showing-that Lincoln County is far above the average in the leading agricultural products.


Also, by the census of 1880, Lincoln County was shown to have 7,128 horses, 1,667 mules and asses, twenty-two working oxen, 6,686 milch cows, 13,997 other cattle, 14,957 sheep and 53,366 hogs. The production of wool was 90,133 pounds, and of butter 278,347 pounds. As compared with all the counties of the State, Lincoln was on an average in the production of horses, mules and asses, and above the average in regard to cattle, sheep and butter-the thirtieth in the production of hogs, and the same in the production of wool.


CLIMATE.


The climate of Lincoln County is mild and pleasant. The average temperature is the same as that of a degree further


328


STATE OF MISSOURI.


south on the Atlantic coast; but being nearly in the center of the continent, there are not experienced the sudden changes common to the Atlantic States. There are none of the tornadoes that rage over the States north and west. Drouths are very uncom- mon; the rainfall is generally sufficient and well distributed. These statements are proved by the State weather statistics for the past years. The average rainfall was: winter, seven inches; spring, twelve; summer, thirteen; autumn, nine; total, forty- one. The average number of rainy days was ninety-two, the extremes being sixty-eight and one hundred and fifteen. The winter rainfall includes melted snow, of which the average was two and one-third inches. The atmospheric pressure is more uniform than in any State of the same, or more northern lati- tude, between the Rocky Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean; this is particularly the case in the summer, thus insuring the greatest possible benefits of the usual rainfall to the growing crops. As regards health, this county is fully up to the average in the State, which statistics prove one of the healthiest in the union. There is very little malaria; typhoid fever is extremely rare, and consumption is almost unknown as originating here.


AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.


An Agricultural and Mechanical Society was organized in 1855. Its officers were Maj. George W. Huston, president; Dr. F. G. Gilmer, vice-president; S. R. Woolfolk, treasurer; C. W. Parker, corresponding secretary; and A. V. McKee, recording secretary. The directors were Talbot Bragg, Sr., Gen. David Stewart, Joel Blanks, Raleigh Mayes, Tully R. Cornick, Jesse Orear, Joseph M. Heady, George W. Porter, Col. David Bailey, and Andrew Cochran. The society temporarily fitted a fair ground north of where the public schoolhouse now stands, and there held its first annual exhibition, commencing October 1, 1856. The following year it held another exhibition and some time thereafter dissolved. From that time forward up to 1879 the county had no agricultural and mechanical society.


LINCOLN COUNTY AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL FAIR ASSOCIATION. This association is a joint-stock company. It was organized


329


HISTORY OF LINCOLN COUNTY.


with a subscribed capital of $3,500 divided into shares of $10 each. The first exhibition was held in the fall of 1879, on the lot near the public school building known as the boarding house property. On the 3d day of August, 1880, the association purchased of John B. Gordon and wife a tract of land adjoining Troy on the east, consisting of sixty-four acres, and known as the Cottle place. Forty-four acres were afterward sold off, leaving the twenty which are now enclosed as the fair ground. Articles of the association were filed with the Secretary of State, whereupon a charter dated October 2, 1882, was granted. The first fair was held at the present fair ground in 1880, and exhibitions have since been annually given. The association has only been moderately successful, owing to the rains that have taken place at the time of holding the fairs. The grounds are enclosed with a tight board fence, and contain an amphitheatre capable of seating about 1,000 persons, an art hall, office, band stand, sheds and stalls for live stock, and a race track. The present officers are William Moore, president; Alex. Miller, vice- president; Robert Shelton, secretary; and W. H. Perkins, treasurer. The board of directors consists of one member from each municipal township of the county.


STOCK LAW.


At the August term, 1887, of the county court of Lincoln County, a petition for restraining certain domestic animals from running at large, was presented, and the following is a copy of the record of the proceedings of the court in relation thereto, made on the 9th day of that month:


"In the Mutter of the Stock Law of Lincoln County, Missouri:


"Now at this day comes William H. Long, Joseph Jones and 285 others, who are householders of said county, and file their petition praying this court to submit to the qualified voters of said county the question of enforcing in said county the provisions of an act, passed by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri, to restrain domestic animals from running at large, approved May 27, 1883, in so far as said act is applicable to swine, sheep and goats, and asking this court to call a special election for the purpose of submitting said question. And it appearing to the


21


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STATE OF MISSOURI.


satisfaction of the court that said petition is in conformity with Section 8 of said act, and contains more than one hundred of the resident householders of said county, it is ordered that a special election be held in said county, at the usual voting precincts thereof, on Saturday, the 10th day of September, 1887, so that the question of enforcing the provisions of said act against swine, sheep and goats from running at large may be submitted to the qualified voters of the county of Lincoln. There shall be written or printed on each ballot voted at this election either of the following sentences: 'For enforcing the law restraining swine, sheep and goats from running at large.' 'Against enforcing the law restraining swine, sheep or goats from run- ning at large.'


"And at such election the voting, making returns thereof, and casting up the result, shall be governed in all respects by the law applicable to general elections for State and county purposes. And it is further ordered by the court that a copy of this order be inserted in some newspaper published in the county for three consecutive weeks, the last insertion of which shall be at least ten days before the day of said election. And that the sheriff of this county post up copies of this order in three of the most pub- lic places in each township in the county, at least twenty days before the day of said election."


The required notices of the election were given, and it was accordingly held at the appointed time, and the following table shows the number of votes cast for and against enforcing the law in regard to allowing the stock to run at large:


VOTING PRECINCT.


Votes for enforc- ing the law.


Votes against enforc- ing the law.


Chain of Rocks


66


28


Chantilla


46


29


Winfield


62


70


Burr Oak Valley


42


123


Brussells


20


101


New Hope.


69


53


Elsberry.


99


125


Smith's Schoolhouse


25


19


Auburn.


35


44


Louisville


95


84


Olney


106


34


331


HISTORY OF LINCOLN COUNTY.


VOTING PRECINCT.


Votes for enforc- ing the law.


Votes against enforc- ing the law.


Millwood


73


70


Truxton


76


49


Linn's Mill.


16


66


Hubbard's Schoolhouse


98


28


Troy


205


101


Richardson's Mill


13


52


Whiteside


58


40


Silex.


41


76


Total


1245


1192


This gave a majority of fifty-three votes in favor of enforcing the law. Notice of the result of the election was published by the clerk of the court, as required by law, and in due time the law for restraining swine, sheep and goats from running at large was enforced.


CHAPTER VIII.


COUNTY OFFICERS.


The following is a list of officers of Lincoln County from its organization down to the present year, 1888.


STATE SENATORS.


Of those who lived in the county and represented the Sena- torial District in the Legislature: Carry K. Duncan was elected in 1824; Hans Smith, 1834; Henry Watts, 1838; James Finley, 1840; M. H. McFarland, 1856; Thomas G. Hutt, 1880. All of these served four years, except Henry Watts, who died in office, and James Finley, who filled the unexpired term.


REPRESENTATIVES.


Christopher Clark, 1818-20; * Morgan Wright, 1820-22; Philip Sitton, 1822-24; John Ruland, 1824-26; Philip Sitton, 1826-28; Elijah Collard, 1828-30; Hans Smith, 1830-34; Henry


* See organization of county.


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STATE OF MISSOURI.


Watts and John S. Besser, 1834-36; Henry Watts and Richard H. Woolfolk, 1836-38; George W. Hutson and Enoch Emerson, 1838-40; Hans Smith and Carty Wells, 1840-42; George W. Hutson, 1842-44; James Finley, 1844-46; David Stewart, 1846-48; Richard Wommack, 1848-50; Charles U. Porter and Alexander Reed, * 1850-51; Charles U. Porter and Tully R. Cornick, 1851-52; James H. Britton and Increase Adams, 1852-54; James H. Britton and M. H. McFarland, 1854-56; Richard Wommack and John Snethen, 1856-58; Richard Wommack, 1858-60; James W. Welch, 1860-62; Richard Wommack, 1862-64; Joseph W. Sitton, 1864-66; Richard Wommack, 1866-68; Richard Gladney, 1868-70; Thomas G. Hutt, 1870-72; E. B. Hull, 1872-74; William H. Priest, 1874-76; W. E. Brown, 1876-78; Alexander Mudd, 1878-80; Howard S. Parker, 1880-84; George T. Dunn, 1884-88.


MEMBERS OF CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS.


Malcolm Henry, Sr., in 1820, when the original constitu- tion, on the admission of the State into the Federal Union, was prepared and adopted; 1845, Thomas W. Hutt, of Lincoln County, and Edwin D. Bevitt, of St. Charles, Democrats, ran against Charles Wheeler, of Lincoln, and J. D. Coalter, of St. Charles, Whigs. The latter gentlemen were elected, but the constitution they helped to frame, was, on submission to the people, rejected ; 1864, Alexander H. Martin; 1875, A. V. McKee. The constitu- tion then framed was ratified by the people, and has since been the organic law of the State.


REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.


Prior to 1848 the representatives in Congress for the State of Missouri were elected at large. The first elections for con- gressmen by districts were held in 1848, and since that time Lincoln County has been represented in Congress, as follows: William V. N. Bay, 1848-50; Gilchrist Porter, 1850-52; Alfred W. Lamb, 1852-54; Gilchrist Porter, 1854-56; Thomas L. Ander- son, 1856-60; James S. Rollins, 1860-64; George W. Anderson,


*The latter died during the session of the Legislature and January 27, 1851, Tully R. Cornick was elected to fill the vacancy.


333


HISTORY OF LINCOLN COUNTY.


1864; David P. Dyer, 1868-70; Andrew King, 1870-72; Aylett H. Buckner, 1872-84; J. E. Hutton, present incumbent, 1884-88.


CIRCUIT COURT CLERKS.


John Ruland, 1819-20; Bennett Palmer, first half of 1821, to his death in August; Francis Parker, 1821-48; Thomas G. Hutt, 1848-54; Alexander H. Martin, 1854, to his resignation in 1869; William Colbert, 1869-87; Benjamin F. Reed, present incumbent, elected in 1886.


COUNTY COURT CLERKS.


Bennett Palmer, from organization of the court, January 15, 1821, to his death, in August following; Francis Parker, 1821-54; N. H. Meriwether, 1854, to his death in March, 1857; James A. Ward, 1857-58; Francis C. Cake, 1858-75; William A. Woodson, 1875-87; Jesse J. Shaw, the present incumbent, elected in 1886,


SHERIFFS.


David Bailey, 1819-23; Jonathan Riggs, 1823-27; Robert Stewart, 1827-31; Henry Watts, 1831-35; Valentine J. Peers, 1835-39; William Sitton, 1839-43; Richard Wommack, 1843-47; Henry T. Mudd, 1847-49; Joel Blanks, 1849-53; Richard Wom- mack, 1853-57; Joel Blanks, 1857-59; Peachy G. Shelton, 1859-61; Elias Norton, 1861-63; John R. Knox, 1863-67; Shap- leigh R. Woolfolk, 1867-71; Frederick Wing, 1871-73; Thomas M. Carter, 1873-77; James C. Elmore, 1877-81; A. C. Snethen; 1881-85; Beverly Duey, present incumbent, elected in 1884, and re-elected in 1886.


COLLECTORS.


David Bailey, 1819-23; Daniel Draper, 1823-25; William Hammock, 1825-26; Austin C. Woolfolk, 1826-27; Daniel Draper, 1827-29; Walter Wright, 1829-32; H. Watts, 1832-34; Freland W. Rose, 1834-35; Benjamin Ford, 1835-39; William Sitton, 1839-42; John A. Woolfolk, 1842-43. From the latter date until 1873 the sheriffs of the county were ex-officio col- lectors of the revenues thereof. In 1872 the separate office of collector was established, and the following is a list of the col -. lectors from that date: William W. Shaw, 1873-75; Peachy G.


3344


STATE OF MISSOURI.


Shelton, 1875-79; William B. Thornhill, 1879-83; Peachy G. Shelton, 1883-87; William Moore, present incumbent, elected in 1886. During the first three years of the existence of the county Sheriff Bailey collected the revenues, and from that time up to 1843 the taxes were collected part of the time by the sheriffs, and part of the time by collectors other than sheriff's.


TREASURERS.


Daniel Draper, 1825-26; Henry Watts, 1826-27; Francis Parker, 1827-33; R. H. Woolfolk, 1833-35; Charles Wheeler, 1835-42; William Young, 1842-46; James H. Britton, 1846-52; Charles Wheeler, 1852-58; S. R. Woolfolk, 1858-66; Frederick Wing, 1866-68; James D. Shelton, 1868-70; James K. Cannon, 1870-72; John McDonald, 1872-78; Thomas J. Nalley, 1878-84; William S. Bragg, 1884 till March, 1888, when he resigned, and was succeeded by H. W. Perkins, the present incumbent, who was appointed to fill the vacancy.


ASSESSORS OF REVENUE.


Philip Sitton, 1831-32; Austin C. Woolfolk, 1832-33; Robert Shelton, 1833-34; John M. Hopkins, 1834-35; James Reid, 1835 -39; Richard Wommack, 1839-41; William Jameson, 1841-42; Henry T. Mudd, 1842-46; Edward J. Peers, 1846-48; Morgan Wright, 1850-52; Alex. H. Martin, 1852-53; Richard Wells, 1853-54; John M. Reed, 1854-58. In 1858 the county was divided into four assessors' districts, and William Miller, William T. Wilson, William H. Martin and Richard Wommack were appointed by the county court as assessors. Joseph S. Gear, 1860- 62; David B. Smiley, 1862-66; James K. Cannon, 1866-68; Nor- man Porter, 1868-70; Elijah Myers, 1870-74; John Wilson, 1874 -77; David C. Downing, 1877-80; Thomas H. Hammond, 1880 -84; R. S. Gililland, 1884-86; William R. Clark, present in- cumbent, elected in 1886.


CORONERS.


Barnabas Thornhill, 1820-22; Jehu L. Sitton, 1822-24; John Parkinson, 1824-26; John Chandler, 1826-28; Thomas Arm- strong, 1828-30; Bluford Stone, 1830-32; John B. Stone, 1832-


335


HISTORY OF LINCOLN COUNTY.


36; Joseph B. Kelsick, 1836-38; Barnabas Thornhill, 1838-40; Alexander Wilson, 1840-42; Baldwin D. Talliafero, 1842-46; William Murphy, 1846-48; William A. Sallee, 1848-50; Samuel Barker, 1850-52; Jordan S. Sallee, 1852-54; Joseph Chandler, 1854-56; J. B. Campbell, 1856-60; J. W. Thurman, 1860-66: J. B. Campbell, 1866-70; R. A. Nurnelly, 1870-74; George W. Elder, 1874-76; Robert L. Robinson, 1876-82; Talbot N. Bragg, 1882-86; Charles D. Avery, 1886-88.


PUBLIC ADMINISTRATORS.


Elective since 1858: Eugene N. Bonfils, 1858-62; Samuel Howell, 1862-64; Robert H. Hudson, 1864-66; J. B. Allen, 1866-68; Elbridge G. Sitton, 1868-72; Josiah Creech, 1872-76; Jeptha Wells, 1876-80, H. Avery, 1880-84; Josiah Creech, 1884- 88.


SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS.


William Young, 1853; A. V. McKee, 1854; Francis C. Cake, 1857; John R. Knox, 1860; Francis C. Cake, 1861; James M. Mclellan, 1866; William S. Pennington, 1871; John Wilson, 1873; James M. Mclellan, 1875; Thomas P. Dyer, 1879; Horace Rose, 1881 to his death in 1885; W. T. Baker, 1885, present incumbent.




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