USA > Missouri > A history of Missouri from the earliest explorations and settlements until the admission of the state into the union, Volume I > Part 8
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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43
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HISTORY OF MISSOURI
surrounding country. It is about two miles from the Mississippi river, a pond about fifty yards west of it, evidently the remnant of an old river bed, extends for miles up and down; and the place where the earth for this mound seems to have been borrowed is still visible. The mound is about 23 feet high, but on the southeast is four or five feet higher than on the northwest side. It has an approach on the southwest side, and from this side can be ascended on horse- back; on the opposite end the rise was precipitous when Mr. Beckwith first knew it some sixty years ago, and the corners were then as square as if the work had been done by an experienced builder. The width is ITO feet and the length 160. It has not been explored and no relics have been found thus far; but on the top, scattered all over the ground, about five feet in depth, Mr. Beckwith has found burned clay, as if the debris of an old fire-bed had been taken here, this burned clay apparently having been mixed with straw. Fifty yards southeast from this truncated mound there is another 7 or 8 feet high, also truncated. All around these, extending over three or four hundred acres, evidences of an extensive prehistoric settle- ment exist, many relics having been found. A copper awl, nearly square in form, now in the possession of Mr. Beckwith, was unearthed near one of these mounds. Three miles east of Charleston, a lump of native copper was found in the so-called "Canada mound," undoubtedly brought there from a long distance; also a sea conch- shell, which seems to have been used as an ornament. But the most important discovery here was a piece of obsidian from which flakes had been cut, clearly showing that the mound-builders of Mississippi county had trade relations at least with Cerro Gordo, Mexico, the nearest place to the mouth of the Ohio where this volcanic product is found. We owe it entirely to Mr. Beckwith that these highly interesting and important relics of the mound-builders have been preserved; and his large collection made in the course of many years, principally in Mississippi and neighboring counties, must ever interest the student of the archaeology of Missouri. 48 In one of
48 In addition to the mounds mentioned, there is a group of six mounds in s. e. corner of sec. 8, t. 26, r. 16; there are eighteen mounds on James' bayou in the central part of sec. 6, t. 25, r. 17; here the first arrow-heads, as you come north from the St. Francois basin, have been found, also some pottery; on east bank of James' bayou Mr. Albert Johnson found an ancient Spanish coin; in center of sec. 32, t. 26, r. 17, one mound; in n. w. corner sec. 33, same twp. and range, one mound; eighteen mounds are found along James' bayou in secs. 27 and 28, t. 25, r. 17, these mounds have been plowed over and many arrow-heads found, also pieces of stone or flint from which arrow-heads were made; some of these mounds are from 10 to 15 feet high, one is 300 ft. long and 200 ft. wide, another 250 by 200 and 8 ft. high, and another 150 by 80 ft., 15 ft. high; in s. w., s. e., sec. 14, t. 23, r. 17, one mound; in sec. 26, t. 25, r. 17, one mile south of Crossno post-office are four mounds, one very large called a fort, 225 ft. by 200 ft. and 30 ft.
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HISTORY OF MISSOURI
the mounds Mr. Beckwith found the image already noted carved out of sandstone. The Pin-hook ridge mounds, Beckwith's fort, and Baker's mound are fully described in the 12th Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, and therefore are not more particularly noticed here.
In Dunklin county some very high mounds are found on the ridge between Little river and the St. Francois, and on the St. Francois river, on Two-mile island and on Cow island, where a high and lofty mound is located in the virgin woods.49
About 4292 mounds were located by Mr. Bean in Scott county, but none of them very conspicuous in size; on the other hand the settlements were extraordinary in extent. They are found principally
high, walls very steep, flat on top; from the n. e. corner of the large mound a wall or embank- ment 10 ft. high at the mound runs north 150 ft., is 100 ft. wide and 10 ft. high; then the em- bankment runs east 150 ft., at the east end not more than 2 ft. high, then runs south 500 ft., then west 350 ft., then north 150 ft. to southwest corner of large mound. This last embankment at the south end is 2 ft. high and increases to 10 ft. high and 100 ft. wide as you approach the large mound; in sec. 25, same twp. and range are two small mounds; in secs. 9 and 10, t. 24, r. II, are forty-five mounds, some of them twenty feet high, groups close together with bases nearly touching, very steep, much pottery found here; in s. e., n. e., sec. I, t. 24, r. 16, and in sec. 6, t. 24, r. 17, a group of fifty-four mounds, the greater part of them well preserved, very high from the base and very steep, some of them 25 ft. high with 80 ft. base, much pottery found here and agricultural implements; in s. w., s. e., sec. 36; t. 25, r. 16, one mound; on s. w. sec. 31, t. 25, r. 17, two mounds; on n. w., s. e., sec. 18, t. 24, r. 17, five mounds; sec. 34, t. 24, r. 17' four mounds; sec. 28, t. 24, r. 17, one mound; in this mound much pottery has been found, and some agricultural implements; one mound in sec. 35, same twp. and range, much well pre- served pottery has been found; on n. w., n. w., sec. 33, t. 24, r. 17, one mound; in sec, 29, t. 24, r. 17, five mounds, one very large, 300 by 200 ft. and 35 ft. high, sides very steep, top level; much pottery has been found here, also burned clay of uniform thickness but irregular in shape; this group is located near a cypress swamp; on s. w., s. e., sec. 14, t. 24, r. 17, one mound; on n. pt. section 34, t. 24, r. 16, five mounds; the largest mound here is 200 by 150 ft. and 10 ft. high, lo- cated near James' bayou; near center sec. II, t. 24, r. 15, one mound; sec. 4, t. 23, r. 16 in n. w. cor. one small mound; s. e. cor. sec. 31, t. 26, r. 18, four mounds, and in the adjacent sec. 6, t. 25, r. 18, are twenty-two mounds; in n. e. sec. 10, t. 26, r. 17, four mounds; in s. half secs. 2 and 3, t. 26, r. 17, are fourteen mounds; one of these mounds is 600 ft. square and about 4 ft. high; on this mound on the southwest part is a large mound 200 ft. in diameter and 10 ft. high, flat on top, and on the southeast corner of this flat top another small mound 25 ft. in diameter and 5 ft. high; nearly east of this large mound and about 25 feet away is a square mound 100 by 100 ft. and 10 ft. high; this group is otherwise interesting; in sec. 2 are twenty-six mounds in a group and near a slough emptying into James' bayou; one mound in s. w. of sec. 11, all in twp. 26, range 16; in sec. 3 are two mounds, and in sec. 4 are eleven mounds, both in twp. 25, range 16; eight of these mounds in sec. 4 are on the edge of a cypress; sec. 32, t. 27, r. 17, in n. w. cor., one mound; on s. w. cor. sec. 36, t, 26, r. 16, one mound; sec. 3, t. 25, r. 15, are twenty-one mounds, one of these 20 by 100 ft., 10 ft. high; on sec. II, t. 25, r. 15, are seven mounds; on n. e., n. w., sec. 10, t. 25, r. 15, are ten mounds, and in secs. 2 and 3 and sec. 10, same township and range, are fifty-three mounds; one of these near the center of sec. 3 is 25 by 100 ft. and 10 ft. high located near a cypress; on s. w. cor. sec. 36, t. 26, r. 16, one mound; on s. e. sec. 6, t. 25, r. 16, two mounds; not a little pottery has been found here; on sec. 35 and sec. 36, t. 27, r. 17, each one mound; on sec. 36, t. 26, r. 14, one mound 150 ft. in diameter, 8 ft. high; on n. w., n. w., sec. 8, t. 26, r. 15, are six mounds; n. e. sec. 9, t. 26, r. 15, six mounds. Total number of mounds located in Mississippi county 357.
49 Location of Dunklin county mounds, as follows: sec. 22, t. 18, r. 8, one mound 50 ft. diameter, 20 ft. high; sec. 8, t. 16, r. 9, in central part are nine mounds; sec. 18, t. 16, r. 9, in east part, three mounds; in east part sec. 5, t. 16, r. 9, are three mounds; here 600 pieces of wampum money was found; n. w. cor. sec. 33, t. 17, r. 9, one mound near Little river swamp; e. pt. sec. 28, t. 17, r. 9, five mounds, near Little river swamp, much pottery found here; sec. 26, t. 17, r. 9, in s. w. pt. seven mounds, six mounds in a row between Little river and Elk chute, 10 to 12 ft. high, 25 to 30 ft. diameter; w. pt. sec. 8, t. 17, r. g, ten mounds, one mound 180 by 150 ft., 8 ft. high, another 150 ft. diameter, 10 ft. high, located near Buffalo creek; s. w., n. e, sec. 18, t. 17, r. 9, one mound; this mound is remarkable because located in Buffalo creek or slough; s. pt. sec. 22, t. 16, r. 7, three mounds; n. e. sec. 8, t. 16, r. 7, one mound; n. e. sec. II, t. 20, r. 9, one mound, 150 ft. by 250, 20 ft. high; s. w. cor. sec. 7, t. 20, r. Io, one mound; s. w. sec. 9, t. 20, r. 10, one mound; n. e. sec. II, t. 22, r. 9, four mounds, on Crowley's ridge on edge of bluff; lot of pottery and stone implements found here; n. e. sec. 16, t. 21, r. 9, one mound. 52 mounds were counted in Dunklin county.
VIEW OF SCOTT COUNTY MOUND
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HISTORY OF MISSOURI
on the head-waters of St. John's bayou where these waters are nearest to Little (or White-water) river. But on the road from Charleston to the Mississippi river fronting on a cypress swamp there are two mounds, one of which is oval, 73 feet long by 50 feet in width and Io feet high; the other 25 feet high, pyramidal in form, 50 feet square on top, with a level terrace 63 feet long by 50 feet in width extending northward, this terrace being 10 feet lower. One hundred yards east of this mound an ancient cemetery has been uncovered, embracing several acres, and where much pottery has been found and, of course, much more destroyed.50 South of Commerce between North-cut cypress on the east and the Staked-glade, an offshoot of St. John's bayou on the west, on a ridge half a mile long and about one eighth of a mile wide Mr. Potter located a group of nine mounds enclosed in a wall forming a rude parallelogram.51 The Scott county mounds are mostly located on the west side of the county near Little river, and on Caney creek. 52
50 12th Report Bureau of Ethnology, p. 193.
51 Potter's Contribution to the Archæology of Missouri, p. 8 and map.
52 On n. w., s. e., sec. 33, t. 29, r. 13, are two mounds; on e. pt. sec. 22, t. 28, r. 12, are one hundred and thirty mounds, one mound 500 by 300 ft., 8 ft. high, near a cypress; s. e., s. w., sec. 15, t. 28, r. 12, eight mounds; n. pt. sec. 23, t. 28, r. 12, two hundred and eighty-five mounds, almost covering this part of the section with mounds; all sec. 24, t. 28, r. 12, four hundred and seventeen mounds; the greater part of this section is covered with mounds, in size generally 40 ft. diameter, 4 to 5 ft. high; sec. 14, t. 28, r. 12, in s. pt. of section, nineteen mounds; s. e. pt. sec. 13, t. 28, r. 12, seventy mounds, almost covering this part of the section; s. w. pt. sec. 18, t. 28, r. 13, thirty-one mounds; w. pt. sec. 12, t. 28, r. 12, two hundred and eighty-six mounds, covering almost the entire west part of the section, a mound about every five feet, varying from 20 to 50 ft. in diameter and 2 to 4 ft. high; w. pt. sec. II, t. 28, r. 12, two hundred and seventy- four mounds, near the foot-hills covering nearly half the section; s. e. pt. sec. 2, t. 28, I. 12, three hundred and seven mounds, covering most of the s. e. part of section; s. w. pt. sec. 7, t. 28, r. 13, two hundred and sixteen mounds, covering nearly the west part of the section; n. e. pt. sec. 36, t. 28, r. 12, eleven mounds; all sec. 19, t. 28, r. 13, three hundred and twenty-four mounds, vicinity of Oran, covering entire center of this section, near a slough; all sec. 30, t. 28, r. 13, one hundred and fifteen mounds; all sec. 31, t. 28, r. 13, one hundred and five mounds, mounds in two last sections average 50 ft. diameter, 5 ft. high; in R. R. cut in this vicinity five feet deep, quantities of broken pottery found where no mounds were visible; s. w., s. w., sec. 32 t. 28, r. 13, nine mounds; n. w. pt. sec. 3, t. 27, r. 13, five mounds, one mound 300 by 40 ft. may be a "sand-blow" caused by earthquake as it is composed of nearly pure sand; n. pt. sec. 4, t. 27, r. 13, nine mounds; e. pt. sec. 25, t. 28, r. 12, one hundred and two mounds; this group is in the woods, one group resembling the antlers of a deer inverted; in center of sec. 20, t. 28, r. 13, four holes 20 ft. apart, 20 inches diameter, are found cut in sand-stone 15 to 20 inches deep; w. pt. sec. 20, t. 28, r. 13, are seventeen mounds; e. pt. sec. 29, t. 28, r. 13, sixteen mounds; w. pt. sec. 2, t. 27, r. 13, forty-eight mounds, one mound in middle of Beaver-dam slough; e. pt. sec. 3, t. 27, I. 13, ten mounds, near Brook's junction; n. pt. sec. 4, t. 27, r. 13, sixty mounds; all sec. 5, t. 27, r. 13, one hundred and fifty-six mounds, some of these mounds 60 ft diameter, 5 ft. high; sec. 8, t. 27, I. 13, one hundred mounds, mostly in s. w. pt., some 80 ft. diameter, 6 ft. high; n. w. pt. sec. 15, t. 27, r. 13, six mounds and an excavation 150 ft. by 100, 10 ft. deep, some mounds 200 by 100 ft., 22 ft. high, many relics, images, and flint rock found here; s. w., s. w., sec. 10, t. 27, r. 13, three mounds; w. pt. sec. 17, t. 27, r. 13, forty-six mounds, some mounds 100 ft. diameter, 6 ft. high; s. e. pt. sec. 9, t. 27, r. 13, fifteen mounds, n. e. pt. sec. 16, t. 27, r. 13, ten mounds, near a slough; all sec. 18, t. 27, r. 13, one hundred and thirty mounds, several large ones, two 100 by 75 feet, 5 and 6 ft. high; s. e. pt. sec. 7, t. 27, r. 13, thirty mounds, small; e. pt. sec. 19, t. 27, r. 13, fifty-one mounds; all sec. 20, t. 27, r. 13, seventy mounds; all sec. 30, t. 27, r. 13, one hundred mounds, a few of these large in w. pt. sec. 29, and e. pt. sec. 30, 250 by 100 ft., 6 ft. high; w. pt. sec. 29, t. 27, r. 13, one hundred and two mounds; all sec. 32, t. 27, r. 13, thirty-four mounds; see. 31, t. 27, r. 13, nineteen mounds in this section on east bank of Little river upon an artificial elevation of earth 6 ft. high, 300 by 600 ft. are five mounds, one nearest river 100 ft. diameter, 20 ft. high, quantities of bones, broken pottery and arrow-heads found here 6 ft. below surface of mounds; n. e., s. w., sec. 35, t. 27, r. 13, one mound 150 ft. diameter, 20 ft. high; s. pt. sec. 34, t. 28, r. 13, seventeen mounds;
67
CAPE GIRARDEAU
In Cape Girardeau county, in the creek bottoms, the number of mounds is large, especially near the city of Cape Girardeau. Here large mounds are found near Cape LaCruz creek and near Ramsay creek. On the edge and top of the river hills north of Cape Girar- deau there are also, occasionally, mounds. Farmers have found, at most unexpected places, prehistoric agricultural implements in their fields. On the old Byrd farm on Byrd creek, notably, many evidences of early occupancy have been discovered, although no mounds exist there. Indeed it would seem, from these agricultural implements being found in many fields that not all prehistoric residents built mounds in the locality where they appear to have dwelt. Granite hatchets and agricultural stone implements are, according to Mr. Bean, found in nearly all parts of the county. In section 23, township 30 north, of range II, a triangular mound surrounded on all sides by a depression, evidently a ditch at one time, is a conspicuous object of interest. The Whiting mound on the dividing ridge between Byrd and Caney creeks, and the Proffer mounds near the forks of Byrd creek and White-water are fully described by the Bureau of Ethnology.53 Near Cape Girardeau are found two low circular elevations, perhaps two or three hundred feet in diameter, two or three feet above the level of the natural surface, sloping gently towards the edges, composed of a black sandy alluvial soil; but thus far they have not revealed any implements or relics of any sort. They seem to be of artificial origin, and may be what Prof. Conant names "garden mounds." 54
s. e. pt. see. 33, t. 28, r. 13, thirty-nine mounds; n. w., s. e., sec. 32, t. 28, r. 13, four mounds; w. pt. sec. 5, t. 26, r. 13, eleven mounds; w. pt. sec. 8, t. 26, r. 13, thirty-two mounds; w. pt. sec. 17, t. 26, r. 13, sixty-one mounds; w. pt. sec. 20, t. 26, r. 13, one hundred and fifty-six mounds, some 75 ft. diameter, 10 to 12 ft. high; w. pt. sec. 29, t. 26, r. 13, three mounds; s. e. cor. sec. 11, t. 26, r. 13, one mound; central pt. sec. 6, t. 27, r. 14, four mounds; n. w., s. e., sec. 5, t. 27, r. 14, three mounds; s. w. sec. 17, t. 27, r. 14, eleven mounds; s. w., s.w., sec. 15, t. 26, r. 14, four mounds; central pt. sec. 20, twp. 27, r. 14, nine mounds; s. pt. sec. 29, t. 27, r. 14, nine mounds; n. pt. sec. 32, t. 27, r. 14, twelve mounds; n. pt. sec. 5, t. 27, r. 14, thirty-six mounds; n. w., s. w., sec. 8, t. 26, r. 14, three mounds; s. e., n. e., sec. 31, t. 27, r. 14, three mounds; s. e., n. w., sec. 30, t. 27, r. 14, one mound; n. e., n. e., sec. 24, t. 27, r. 15, about 20 holes about 15 ft. square 3 ft. deep, 6 ft. between each hole; n. e., n. e., sec. 20, t. 27, r. 15, eight mounds, a fort, on east a lake, on north a ditch, on west and south an embankment, much pottery found here; s. e., sec. 17, t. 27, r. 15, six mounds; s. e. cor. sec. II, t. 27, r. 15, one mound; n. e., n. e., sec. 14, t. 27, r. 15, four mounds, one mound here 250 ft. by 150, 35 ft. high; n. e, s. w., sec. 5, t. 28, r. 13, five mounds, near Rockview on the bluffs
52 12th Report Bureau of Ethnology, p. 168.
54 Other mounds in Cape Girardeau county are located in the following section: n. w., n. w., sec. 3, t. 32, r. II, two mounds; n. e., s. e., sec. 10, t. 31, r. II, two mounds, on White water; s. e., n. w., sec. 2, t. 31, r. 12, seven mounds, on a little branch; middle pt sec. 30, t. 30, r. 13, forty-four mounds, in the woods; s. w., s. w., sec. 7, t. 32, r. 14, site of Shawnee Indian village, many implements found here; n. w., n. w., sec. 18, t. 30, r. 14, one mound; s. half n. e. sec. 9, t. 32, r. 13, site of Shawnee village; n. e., n. e., sec. 6, t. 30, r. 14, two mounds; n. w., n. w., sec. 15, t. 29, r. 13, nine mounds; s. w. sec. 8, t. 29, r. 11, fourteen mounds; n. w., n. w., sec. 16, t. 32, r. 13, four mounds; e. pt. sec. 32, t. 29, r. II, thirty-three mounds; w. pt. sec. 33, t. 29, r. II, twenty-one mounds; n. e., qr. sec. 27, t. 29, r. II, twenty-four mounds; n. w. qr. sec. 26, t. 29, r. 11, eleven mounds; s. e., n. w., sec. 23, t. 29, r. II, six mounds, on
68
HISTORY OF MISSOURI
Stoddard county closely follows Scott in number of mounds, as may be observed on the maps. The mounds are mainly on the waters of Little river (or White-water) and Castor river. Those in the prairie near Bernie deserve notice. The so-called Lakeville mounds, and mounds in the Richwoods near Bernie have been fully described in the Report of the Bureau of Ethnology.55 The 3211 mounds as counted in Stoddard county will be found in the sections below. 56
bluff 100 ft. high; n. pt. sec. 10, t. 29, r. II, nine mounds; s. w., s. e., sec. 26, t. 30, r. II, one mound; s. w. sec. 2, t. 29, r. II, sixteen mounds; s. pt. sec. 3, t. 29, r. II, nine mounds; s. pt. sec. 26, t. 30, r. 11, three mounds; n. pt. sec. 19, t. 30, r. 12, three mounds, embankment 1000 ft. long, 3 ft. high; n. w., n. w., sec. 23, t. 30, r. 12, six mounds, on hill 150 ft. high; s. e., n. e., sec. 21, t. 30, r. 12, twelve mounds; s. w., n. w., sec. II, t. 31, r. II, one mound; s. w., s. e., sec. 29, t. 30, r. 12, five mounds; s. e. qr. sec. 22, t. 30, r. 12, thirty mounds; s. w., s. w., sec. 23, t. 30, r. 12, five mounds; n. e., s. e., sec. 13, t. 30, r. 12, one mound; n. e., s. w., sec. 12, t. 30, r. 12, one mound; middle pt. sec. I, t. 30, r. 11, four mounds; s. e., n. e., sec. 9, t. 31, r. 12, one mound; w. pt. sec. 14, t. 31, r. 12, four mounds; n. w., s. e., sec. 31, t. 32, r. 12, seven mounds; n. w., n. w., sec. 30, t. 31, r. 13, one mound; s. e., sec. 33, t. 32, r. 12, twenty-five, mounds; w. half s. w., sec. 34, t. 32, r. 12, fifteen mounds; s. e., n. e., sec. 17, t. 33, r. 13, site of Indian village; e. half n. e. sec. 11, t. 31, r. 12, eight mounds; e. pt. sec. 18, t. 31, r. 12, ten mounds; n. w., n. e., sec. 14, t. 31, r. 12, ten mounds; w. pt. sec. 23, t. 31, r. 12, eleven mounds; n. w , n. w., sec. 21, t. 32, r. 12, five mounds; n. e., s. w., sec. I, t. 30, r. 13, two mounds; s. e., n. e., sec. 14, t. 30. r. 13, two mounds. Total number of mounds counted in Cape Girardeau county, 388.
55 12th Report Bureau of Ethnology, p. 172.
56 In township 28, range 10, as follows: sec. I, thirty-nine mounds; s. pt. sec. 2, thirty-three mounds; s. pt. sec. 3, twenty-four mounds; e. pt. sec. 9, one hundred and sixty-five mounds, in the woods, original excavation made to build one large mound 80 ft. diameter, 8 ft. high, now about 12 inches deep and filled with water; all sec. 10, two hundred and twenty-four mounds, a fine group, one mound on s. w., n. w. 300 ft. long, 55 wide, 8 high, and has three mounds on top, one at each end, one in middle; all section 11; one hundred and ninety-two mounds, some large, much pottery found here; s. pt. sec. 12, fifty-eight mounds; s. e. pt. sec. 13, fourteen mounds; s. e. pt. sec. 14, three mounds and grave-yard with vaults made of limestone, s. w. corner covered with 86 mounds; all sec. 15, three hundred and sixteen mounds, several large mounds; in this township and range (28-10) in sections 9, 10, 15, 16, 21, 22, 27, 28, and 33 the mounds almost cover the sections, ranging in size from 100 ft. diameter and Io ft. high to 20 ft. diameter and 2 ft. high, stone hammers, pottery, and arrow-heads found here in quantities, the town of Advance is located in this group which is interesting in many respects; sec. 23 n. e. pt., seven mounds, one mound here 100 by 200 ft., 10 ft. high, contained a pottery furnace or kiln, rock vaults made of limestone, nearest stone 6 miles off; n. w., n. w. sec. 24, two mounds; sec. 27, seventy mounds, one 300 ft. in diameter, 7 ft. high; all sec. 28, two hundred and fifty-eight mounds, one 100 by 200 ft., 10 ft. high; n. w. pt. section 33, one hundred and fourteen mounds; e. pt. sec. II, t. 27, r. 8, twenty-two mounds; also the following in township 27, range 8: s. pt. sec. 12, thirty-two mounds; sec. 13, twenty-two mounds, most of the mounds in sections 12 and 13 average 200 by 100 ft., 10 ft. high; sec. 33 e. pt., one hundred and twenty-one mounds, n. e. of Mingo; sec. 34, s. e., n. e. pt., seven mounds in shape of letter "L," in n. e., s. w. qr. is In- dian grave-yard with vault made of flat stones with top near surface of the earth; n. w. sec. 35, thirty-two mounds; in township 27, range 9, as follows: sec. I, six mounds; sec. 2, n. pt., eighty-nine mounds; s. e., n. e., sec. 3, one mound, pottery and pipes found, Indian grave-yard; all sec. 7, twenty mounds, three large ones, one in center of section 150 ft. diameter 15 ft. high, two others 150 ft. diameter each, and 8 and 10 ft. high; central pt. sec. 8, seventeen mounds; s. pt. sec. 16, ten mounds; n. w. cor. sec. 18, one mound. In township 27, range Io, as follows: e. pt. sec. I, thirty-three mounds, the old Shawnee trail passes over w. part of section; central pt. sec. 2, sixty-six mounds, mostly on Wolf creek; s. w. pt. sec. 3, sixty-three mounds; n. e. sec. 4, seventy-two mounds, several 100 ft. in diameter, 6 and 7 ft. high; s. w., s. e., sec. 7, sixteen mounds, in two rows north and south about 50 ft. apart each way; w. half sec. 15, eighty-seven mounds, site of old Indian camp, quantities of arrow-heads, granite hammers and one iron hammer found here; these mounds in bottom near hills; n. e., s. e., sec. 16, fourteen mounds; s. half s. e. sec. 17, forty mounds, on west side Castor river a large mound 200 by 75 ft., 4 ft. high, west of this one another 150 by 75 ft., 4 ft. high; n. e. cor. sec. 22, sixteen mounds; diagonally through sec. 23, fifty-eight mounds; s. e., s. e., sec. 26, eight mounds; s. w., n. e., sec. 2, t. 27, r. 1I, three mounds; in township 26, range 8, as follows: n. half n. w. sec. 4, twelve mounds; n. half sec. 7, sixty mounds; central pt. sec. 8, fifty-two mounds; n. w sec. 29, thirty mounds; in sec. 21, e. half n. w., t. 26, r. II, three mounds; s. half s. e. sec. II, 1. 25, r. II, three mounds each 100 ft. diameter, 20 ft. high, a large pool at these mounds; n. e., s. e., sec. 17, t. 25, r. II, one mound; in township 25, range 12, as follows: section 21, s. e., s. e., and s. e., n. w., three mounds, on Castor river; s. e., n. w., sec. 28, one mound; s. e., s. e., sec. 32, one mound. In township 24, range 10, as follows: s. e., s. e., sec. 4, one mound 150 by 80 ft., 6 ft. high; near line of secs. 10 and 15, two mounds, one 80 ft. diameter, 7 ft. high used as grave-yard by pioneer settlers, some grave-stones erected in 1811, one marked "Andrew
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