USA > Missouri > Ray County > History of Ray county, Mo. > Part 7
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August 5 .- Confederate troops under Col. Martin E. Green, attacked Missouri state militia, under Col. Moore, at Athens, in Clark county, and were defeated with a loss of 43 killed.
August 6 .- Governor Jackson, being now at Carthage, and just hear- ing of the action of the state convention, also issued a proclamation, de- claring the union between Missouri and the other states totally dissolved, and proclaiming the state of Missouri to be " a sovereign, free and inde- pendent republic."
August 10 .- Battle of Wilson's Creek. Gen. Lyon, Federal, had 5,500 infantry, 400 cavalry, and 18 cannon. Gen. McCulloch, Confeder- ate, says that his "effective force was 5,300 infantry, 15 pieces of artillery, and 6,000 horsemen." (The Union officers imagined and reported more than double this number against them; one said 23,000, and another 24,000.) The Confederates lost 421 killed, 1,317 wounded and 30 mis- sing. The Federals reported 223 killed, 721 wounded and 292 missing, and 5 cannon lost. Gen. Lyon was killed in this engagement.
August 14 .- Federals evacuated Springfield and retreated to Rolla, but
*Early in March the confederate congress had adopted the " stars and bars" as the flag of their confederacy. The state seal of Missouri has two grizzly bears among its emblems.
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
were not pursued. Earthwork fortifications were this day commenced around St. Louis.
August 31 .- Gen. Fremont issued a general order proclaiming martial law in Missouri; the property of all persons who had taken up arms against the United States was declared to be confiscated, and "their slaves to be free men." (President Lincoln at once annulled this last clause.)
September 13 .- Siege of Lexington commenced by Gen. Price. His force has been variously estimated from 22,000 to 28,000, with 13 cannon. Col. Mulligan, Federal, had 2,780 troops, with six brass cannon, two howitzers, and forty rounds of ammunition. The same day, at Boonville, the Confederates, led by Col. Brown, attacked the Federal gar- rison in command of Col. Eppstein, and were repulsed with a loss of 12 killed and 30 wounded; Federal loss, 1 killed and 4 wounded.
September 17 .- Battle of Blue Mills Landing, or Missouri Bottom, in Clay county. A body of Confederates, variously estimated at 600 to 1,000 men, were on their way to join Gen. Price, at Lexington; and being pur- sued by a body of 700 Iowa and Missouri Unionist volunteers, they laid in ambush, and were attacked. The Federals lost 16 killed and 80 wounded; the Confederates lost 10 killed and 60 wounded, repulsed their assailants, and then crossed over to Blue Mills, in Jackson county, on the south side of the Missouri, and marched on to Lexington.
September 18-19 .- Main battle of Lexington.
September 20 .- Col. Mulligan surrendered. Gen. Price honorably rec- ognized the pluck and splendid heroism of his opponents, who were out of both provisions and ammunition, and for two days had had no water except the night dews which settled in their blankets and was wrung out into camp dishes in the morning. He released the privates on parole, but retained the officers as prisoners. Of the Federals there were 42 killed and 108 wounded. Gen. Price reported 25 killed and 72 wounded, from his regular muster rolls. But nearly half the men there with him were not formally enrolled as soldiers, and the losses among them could never be ascertained with any certainty, though known to be pretty large.
September 21 .- A fight occurred at Papinsville, in Bates county, in which, as reported, 17 Unionists were killed, and 40 Confederates killed and 100 captured.
September 27 .- Gen. Fremont left St. Louis for Jefferson City, in pur- suit of Price, with an army of 15,000 infantry, 5,000 cavalry, and 86 pieces of artillery ; his chief officers were Generals Hunter, Pope, Siegel, Mckinstry and Asboth. But Price was too good a general to be caught at a disadvantage; he however skillfully managed to lead the Federals on wild goose chases after him all over southern Missouri.
57
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
October 13 .- Secretary of War Cameron, and Adj't. Gen. Thomas, visited Fremont at Tipton.
On the same day the Federal garrison at Lebanon, in LaClede county, was attacked unsuccessfully by Confederates, who lost 27 killed, 12 wounded, and 36 taken prisoners. Federal loss, 1 killed and several wounded.
October 14 .- On this day Fremont's army reported thus:
1st division, Gen. Hunter, at Tipton . 9,750 men
2d
Gen Pope, at Georgetown 9,220 men
3d
Gen. Siegel, at Sedalia. 7,980 men
4th
Gen. Asboth, at Tipton 6,451 men
5th
Gen. Mckinstry, at Syracuse 5,388 men
Total 38,789 men
They were all hunting for Gen. Price, to give him battle; he was not yet ready for a pitched battle, but he worried the Federals a great deal by decoying them into many a long and fruitless march.
About this time several small fights occurred in different parts of the state, but of which few particulars can be obtained. The " American Annual Cyclopedia," for 1861, gives the following statistics: Oct. 15, Big River bridge, Federal loss, 1 killed, 7 wounded, 52 missing; Confed- erate loss, 20 killed, 4 wounded. October 16, Bolivar Heights [in Polk county], Federal loss, 7 killed; Confederate loss, 150 killed. Oct. 17, Pilot Knob, Federal loss, 1 killed, 10 wounded; Confederate loss, 36 killed. Oct. 19, Big Harrison Creek, Federal loss, 2 killed, 14 wounded; Confederate loss, 14 killed, 8 missing. Oct. 23, West Liberty [in Putnam county], Federal loss, 2 wounded; Confederate loss, 15 killed, 30 wounded .*
October 16 .- Recapture of Lexington by Major White, releasing Union prisoners, including two colonels of Mulligan's brigade.
October 21 .- Battle of Fredericktown, in Madison county. Confeder- ate Col. Jeff Thompson was defeated with loss of 200 killed, and made a hasty retreat, leaving 60 of his dead behind him. Federal loss, 30 killed.
October 24 .- Battle of Springfield. Major Zagonyi, with 300 cavalry, known as "Fremont's Body Guard, " attacked an irregular force estima- ted at 1,200 foot and 400 horsemen, and defeated them, losing 84 of his men killed or wounded; 100 of his troops were Kentuckians. The Con- federate loss was known to be considerable, but could never be fully ascer- tained; their dead were buried the next day, under a flag of truce.
October 27 .- Gen. Siegel reached Springfield with his division. Fre- mont was concentrating his army at Springfield, to fortify and hold it as
*In the greater number of battles in this state the Federals had the advantage of more artillery than the Confederates, and men better skilled in its use; and this is why the losses on the Confederate side so often seem out of proportion.
3
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
the key to southwestern Missouri and northern Arkansas, where Price and McCulloch were operating.
November 2 .- Fremont was removed from command and Gen. Hunter placed in his stead.
November 2 .- A sharp fight occurred on Bee Creek, between Weston and Platte City, in Platte county; the Confederate loss is given as 13 killed and 30 missing; Federal loss not known.
November 7 .- Gen. Hunter evacuated Springfield and fell back to Rolla. This same day the battle of Belmont occurred; Federal loss, 84 killed, 388 wounded, and 285 taken prisoners. Pollard's "Southern History" says the Confederate loss in this battle was 632. But the National Hand- Book reports the Confederate losses as 261 killed, 427 wounded, and 278 missing.
November 18 .- Gen. H. W. Halleck arrived at St. Louis and took com- mand, in place of Gen. Hunter.
November 21 .- Gen.Halleck issued an order that no fugitive slaves should be permitted to enter the lines of any camp, nor of any forces on the march. (President Lincoln had some time before this annulled Gen. Fremont's order declaring certain slaves free.)
November 27 .- Gen. J. M. Schofield placed in command of Missouri Federal troops.
November and December .- During these months there occurred several irregular conflicts of no great importance, but still deemed worthy of cas- ual mention in Horace Greely's History of the War, because they served to show how the Missouri people were divided among themselves, and thereby suffered the more. The village of Warsaw was burned Nov. 19, and Platte City, Dec. 16, by guerillas; a small fight occurred at Salem, Dec. 3, at Rogers' mill Dec. 7, and at or near Glasgow, Potosi, Lexing- ton, Mount Zion, and Sturgeon, on Dec. 28th.
December 3 .- Col. Freeman with a regiment of Confederate cavalry, made a night attack on Federal troops under Col. Bowen, near Salem, in · Dent county, and was defeated, with a loss of 16 killed, 20 wounded and 10 prisoners. Federal loss, 3 killed, S wounded, 2 missing. Col. Free- man had suffered a sore defeat near Springer's mill, in the east part of the county, in August; but no further particulars could be obtained.
December 15 .- Gen. Pope captured 300 recruits and 70 wagons loaded with supplies, going from Lexington to join Gen. Price, who was then at . Osceola with 8,000 men.
December 18 .- Col. J. C. Davis, of Pope's army, surprised a Confeder- ate camp at Milford, and captured 3 colonels, 17 captains, 1,300 soldiers, 1,000 stand of arms, 1,000 horses, besides all their tents, baggage and supplies. Federal loss, 2 killed, 17 wounded.
59
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
December 20 .- By a concerted night attack, the Hannibal & St. Joe railroad was broken, and bridges destroyed for about a hundred miles .*
OPERATIONS IN 1862.
March 3 .- Price and McCulloch, at Boston Mountain, Arkansas, were joined by Maj. Gen. Van Dorn, Confederate commander of the Trans- Mississippi department, and by Gen. Pike, with a brigade of Indians from the Indian Territory. This army now numbered about 20,000, all under Gen. Van Dorn.
March 7-8 .- Battle of Pea Ridge. Although Pea Ridge is really in Arkansas (just over the line), the battle was fought by the Confederates to regain a foothold in Missouri, and it properly belongs to the history of Missouri military operations. The Federal forces under Gen. Curtis engaged in this battle were 10,500 men and 49 cannon. Gen. Van Dorn's army is variously given by different southern authorities, all the way from 16,000 to 30,000. The Federal loss was 203 killed, 972 wounded, 176 missing. Count Paris' history, states that the Confederates "left more than one thousand men in killed and wounded upon that long-contested battle-field." The Confederate Generals McCulloch and McIntosh were mortally wounded in this battle, and Gen. Buckner was captured. The Confederates lost 1,100 killed, 2,500 wounded, and 1,600 taken prisoners.
August 6 .- Battle of Kirksville. Col. Porter, with 2,000 or 3,000 Con- federates, mostly raw recruits who had been destroying bridges, was attacked by Col. McNeil with 1,000 cavalry and 6 cannon. Battle lasted four hours. Confederates retreated, with loss of 180 killed and 500 wounded, and some wagon loads of arms and other supplies. Federal loss, 28 killed and 60 wounded.
August 10 .- Federals attacked 1,200 Confederates under Col. Poindex- ter while crossing the Chariton river. After a running fight of three or four days, Col. Poindexter's troops were all killed, captured or dispersed, and himself taken prisoner.
August 11 .- Col. Hughes captured the Federal garrison of 312 men of the 7th Missouri cavalry, stationed at Independence.
August 15 .- Battle of Lone Jack, in Jackson county. Col. Coffey and Col. Hughes, with 4,500 men, attacked the Federals under Major Foster, wounding him, capturing his two cannon, and compelling him to retreat to Lexington. The victorious Confederates were in turn pursued by
"*By order of Gen. Sterling Price, it [the North Missouri Railroad] was partially destroyed in June and July, 1861; and on the 20th of December, 1801, for a hundred miles, every bridge and culvert was broken down, and a perfect wreck made of everything that could be destroyed. In September and October, 1864, two trains of cars and seven depots were burned, and several engines injured."-Annual Report State Commissioner of Statis- tics, 1866 ; p. 258.
·
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
stronger bodies of the National troops, and rapidly retreated toward Arkansas.
September 24 .- Gen. Curtis placed in command of all Union troops in Missouri.
October I .- Battle of Newtonia, in Newton county. Gen. Salomon, of Wisconsin, was defeated by Confederate cavalry. Losses not known. Gen. Hindman was advancing from Arkansas with 13,000 to 20,000 Con- federates, poorly armed. Gen. Schofield came up with 10,000 troops to attack him at Newtonia, but he retreated back into Arkansas, closely pursued by the Federals.
December 7 .- Battle of Prairie Grove, Ark. This, being just over the line, was practically a Missouri battle; it was fought between the same armies which had been so long contending for the mastery in this state. Our own state Generals, Marmaduke, Parsons and Frost, were in com- mand, under Gen. Hindman. The Federal commanders were Generals Blunt and Herron. Federal loss, 495 killed, 600 wounded; the Confeder- ates lost 1,500 in killed and wounded, and suffered a defeat.
EVENTS IN 1863.
January 8 .- Battle of Springfield. General Brown with 1,200 Mis- souri State militia, was attacked by Gen. Marmaduke with 1,870 Confed- erate troops. The battle lasted eight hours. Federal loss, 14 killed, 145 wounded, 5 missing. Confederates lost, 41 killed and 160 wounded, 80 of the latter being left as prisoners.
January 11 .- Battle of Hartsville. Firing commenced at 11 A. M., and continued until 4:30 P. M. Confederates under Generals Marmaduke and Porter lost 300 killed and wounded, and 29 taken prisoners. Among the killed were Gen. McDonald and Col. Porter, besides six other officers. The Federals were under Col. Samuel Merrill, (afterward Governor of Iowa), and lost 7 killed, 64 wounded and 7 missing. The Confederates retreated back into Arkansas.
March 28 .- Steamboat "Sam. Gaty " captured by Confederates at Sibley's landing, near Independence.
April 26 .- The Federal garrison at Cape Girardeau under Gen. Mc- Neil was attacked by Gen. Marmaduke with 10,000 men, and a battle of five hours ensued, in which the assailants lost 60 killed and over 300 wounded. They retreated back into Arkansas, being pursued to the state line by Missouri militia, and a few more were killed or captured.
May 13 .- Gen. Schofield was placed in command in Missouri, succeed- ing Gen. Curtis.
August 13 .- Col. Coffey, Confederate, attacked the 6th Missouri cav- alry under Col. Catherwood, at Pineville, in McDonald county, and was
61
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
repulsed, with loss of 200 killed, wounded and prisoners, besides his wagons, munitions and cattle.
October 13 .- Battle near Arrow Rock, Saline county. Confederates reported 2,500 in number, under Cols. Shelby and Coffey, were attacked by Missouri state militia under Gen. E. B. Brown, and defeated with a loss of 300 in killed, wounded and prisoners, besides all their artillery and baggage. Fight lasted five hours. Federal loss not known, though reported as " also large."
EVENTS IN 1864.
January 28 .- Gen. Rosecrans arrived at St. Louis and took command of the Department of Missouri.
Fune -. The Belgian Consul, who was state commander of the secret order of "American Knights," or "Sons of Liberty, " was arrested, with forty of the most prominent members, and held as hostages, because proof had been discovered that they were plotting against the Federal authori- ties.
September 26 .- Gen. Price, with 10,000 men, attacked the Federal gar- rison at Ironton (near Pilot Knob), in command of Gen. Thomas Ewing, jr., with 1,200 men. After a day's hard fighting the Federals spiked their fort guns and retreated in the night to Rolla, having lost 200 killed and wounded. The Confederates lost 1,500.
October 7 .- Battle or skirmish of Moreau creek, in Cole county, which Gen. Price crossed, and formed his army in line of battle about four miles long around Jefferson City. But finding the Federal garrison intrenched, he marched on west without attacking them. (The Federals had 6,700 men there).
October 22 .- Gen. Pleasanton's Federal cavalry defeated Col. Fagan at Independence, capturing two cannon.
October 23 .- Battle on the Big Blue creek, in Jackson county, lasting from 7 A. M., till 1 P. M. Confederates retreated southward.
October 25 .- Battle on little Osage Creek in Vernon county. Gen. Price was defeated, the Federals under Gen. Pleasonton capturing eight cannon, and Generals Marmaduke and Cabell, besides five colonels and 1,000 men, with all equipments, supplies, etc. The fighting had been almost continuous by some part of the troops, all along the march from Independence to the Little Osage; and reports at this point give the Fed- eral loss at 1,000 killed and wounded, and about 2,000 taken prisoners; Confederate loss, 900 killed, 3,800 wounded and prisoners, and ten cannon captured from them.
October 28 .- Gen. Price again made a stand at Newtonia, in Newton county, and had a sharp fight with the Federals under Gens. Blunt and San- born, but was defeated and escaped into Arkansas. And this was the
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
last encounter that can be called a "battle" within the bounds of our state. The numbers engaged on either side, and their losses in this last fight are not reported.
MEN AND MONEY FOR THE WAR
Under President Lincoln's first call, April 15, 1861, for 75,000 volun- teers, Missouri furnished 10,501 men; and she furnished a total of 108,773 Federal or Union soldiers during the war. The total number of citizens of Missouri who took up arms on the Confederate side cannot be ascer- tained.
During the war the state issued its indebtedness called "Defense War- rants" and "Union Military Bonds," for equipping and maintaining the militia organizations of the state; the total amount was $7,876,575. All of the defense warrants and one-half of the Union military bonds were made receivable for state taxes; and a special fund was created for the redemption of the balance. The United States paid to the state of Mis- souri a total of $6,440,323.95, to reimburse her for military expenses incurred.
ST. LOUIS IN THE WAR-TIME.
Notwithstanding the strenuous competition of other cities, the superior advantages of St. Louis for distribution, and a due regard for its own interests, compelled the government to make St. Louis the western base of supplies and transportation. During the war the transactions of the government at this point were very large. Gen. Parsons, chief of trans- portation in the Mississippi Valley, submits the following as an approxi- mate summary of the operations in his department from 1860 to 1865:
AMOUNT OF TRANSPORTATION.
Cannons and caissons
800
Wagons.
13,000
Cattle.
80,000
Horses and mules 250,000
Troops
1,000,000
Pounds of military stores.
1,950,000,000
Gen. Parsons thinks that full one-half of all the transportation employed by the government on the Mississippi and its tributaries was furnished by St. Louis. From September, 1861, to December 31, 1865, Gen. Haines, chief commissary of this department, expended at St. Louis for the pur- chase of subsistence stores, $50,700,000. And Gen. Myers, chief quar- termaster of the department, disbursed for supplies, transportation, and incidental expenses, $180,000,000.
63
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
HOSPITAL SERVICE.
As a part of the war history of Missouri, the military hospitals of St. Louis claim at least a brief mention. After the battle of Wilson's Creek it became apparent that the government provision for hospitals was entirely inadequate to the emergency. A voluntary organization, called the Western Sanitary Commission, was formed, consisting of James E. Yeatman (now of the Merchant's National Bank), Rev. Wm. G. Eliot, D. D., (now Chancellor of Washington University), George Partridge, (recently Vice President of Trustees of State Blind Asylum), Carlos S. Greeley and John B. Johnson. Their purpose was to receive and distrib- ute hospital supplies furnished by the people, and in every practicable way aid and co-operate with the military authorities in the care of the sick and wounded. The first woman regularly mustered into the United States service as a hospital nurse, in Missouri, was Mrs. F. R. H. Reid, M. D., from Wisconsin, (now resides at Des Moines, Iowa). She was the woman coadjutor of U. S. Surgeon, Dr. Mills, in opening and starting the first large volunteer hospital, which was known as the Chestnut street hospital; and afterward she took the same part in the Fourth street hos- pital; and also with Dr. Melchior in the Marine hospital; also in a tem- porary post hospital at Sulphur Springs.
To give an idea of the largeness of the hospital work, we quote from a circular printed at St. Louis, Nov. 22, 1861,* which says: "There are ten military hospitals in St. Louis alone, with a maximum capacity for 3,500 patients. The number of patients varies every day, but on Wednes- day, November 20th, they reported patients under treatment as follows:
House of Refuge hospital, [Sisters of Charity nurses] 475
Fifth and Chestnut streets hospital, . 464
Good Samaritan hospital, [for measles,] 173
Fourth street hospital,. 328 72 Jefferson barracks hospital
Arsenal hospital, . 16
Camp Benton hospital, 106
Pacific hospital, [depot for the hospital cars] 30
Duncan's Island hospital, [for small-pox: cases all convalescent,] 4
Convalescent barracks, [known as Camp Benton,] 800
Total, .2,468
" ( This does not include the company, regiment and brigade hospitals, of which there are several.) The average mortality has been about four per cent. A hospital car, properly fitted up and manned, passes daily over the railroad to the interior, to bring in the sick and wounded. The arrangements for decent burial, registration of deaths, identification, etc.,
* Prepared and published by H. A. Reid, Associate Member for Wisconsin of the U. S. Sanitary Commission.
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
are very complete. The body of any soldier who may die in any of the hospitals may be identified, and removed for other obsequies or burial by relatives or friends. There are no hospital chaplains; but nurses are in- structed by the sanitary commission, that every patient who asks for it, will be visited by a clergyman of his own choice, at any hour."
There were hospitals also at Jefferson City, Rolla and Ironton at this time. This circular contained a classified list, prepared by Mrs. Reid, of over a hundred different articles needed for the care, comfort and welfare of the soldiers in hospital, beyond what the general government could furnish; the whole document was reprinted by state authority at Madison, Wisconsin, and widely circulated. In a letter dated St. Louis, Jan. 14, 1862, Mr. Yeatman said: "Wisconsin has contributed most largely to- wards supplying comforts for the sick in camps and hospitals in this department, second to but one other state-Massachusetts. "
There was a prison hospital for sick Confederate prisoners, to whom supplies were furnished from the stores of the sanitary commission, the same as to the Union soldiers; and wounded Confederates were cared for in the general hospitals the same as those of the Federal troops. The writer hereof was an eye-witness to this fact; and is glad to record it as a testimony of the true Christian spirit of the sanitary commission and the magnanimity of the Federal authorities.
THE WAR-TIME STATE GOVERNMENT.
The civil authority of the state remained vested in the state conven- tion from July, 1861, until July, 1863. This provisional body held the following sessions:
1861-Jefferson City, February 28 to March 4. St. Louis, March 6 to March 22.
Jefferson City, July 22 to July 31.
St. Louis, October 10 to October 18.
1862-Jefferson City, June 2 to June 14.
1863-Jefferson City, June 15 to July 1, when it adjourned sine die.
The course of affairs had now become so far settled and pacified that civil proceedings were again possible, and the regular fall elections were held this year, 1863. On the 13th of February, 1864, the general assem- bly convened, and passed an act to authorize the election of sixty-six members to a state convention, "to consider such amendments to the con- stitution of the state as might by it be deemed necessary for the emanci- pation of slaves ;* to preserve in purity the elective franchise to loyal citizens, and for the promotion of the public good."
This convention met in St. Louis, January 6, 1865; and on the 11th of
* President Lincoln's emancipation proclamation, January 1, 1863, only applied to slaves within such states or parts of states as were then controlled by the Confederate power.
65
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.
the same month it passed, by a vote of sixty ayes to four noes, an ordi- nance emancipating all slaves within the state, and providing that it should take effect immediately. The convention also framed a new con- stitution, in many respects quite different from the old one. The final vote in convention on the new instrument stood thirty-eight for, to thirteen against it. The convention adjourned April 10, sine die. In June the people voted on the new constitution, and the vote stood 43,670 for, to 41,808 against it.
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