USA > Missouri > Jackson County > Kansas City > Kansas City, Missouri : its history and its people 1808-1908 > Part 37
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The dental department of the Kansas City medical college was organized in 1881, with Dr. John K. Stark as first dean of the faculty. In 1890 the school separated from the Kansas City Medical college and became the Kansas City Dental college.
A few men with ambition to become medical educators, and with some financial backing, early in 1881, conceived the idea of establishing a Kansas City University, having a medical department, a law department and an art department, and such other departments as the public in the future might demand. They raised a fund and erected a building at the southeast corner of Twelfth and McGee streets, and the medical department was opened in the fall of the year with this faculty: Dr. H. F. Hereford, Dr. Andrew O'Connor, Dr. John W. Jackson, Dr. J. W. Elston, Dr. E. R. Lewis, Dr. J. R. Snell,
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Dr. J. P. Jackson, Dr. J. L. Teed, Dr. F. B. Tiffany, Dr. J. Miller, Dr. C. W. Adams, Dr. Albert B. Campbell, Dr. Lyman A. Berger, Dr. G. W. Davis, Dr. M. O. Baldwin, and others. The faculty determined to make it a first-class school. A post-graduate session was established in the spring of 1882, with the same faculty as the winter session. The course began March 13 and closed May 20. A spring course followed from March 17 to May 26.
The college was reorganized in 1888. A new college building was con- structed at Tenth and Campbell streets. Later the charter was amended and the name changed from Medical Department of the University of Kansas City to University Medical college.
The Kansas City Hospital College of Medicine was founded in 1882. The faculty was composed of seven allopathists, Drs. D. E. Dickerson, F. Cooley, S. W. Bowker, J. Stark, J. W. Combs, M. M. Rowley, and W. H. Kimberlin, and three homeopathists, Drs. J. Thorne, H. C. Baker and R. Arnold. Dr. T. S. White was added to the faculty in 1884. The members of the first class graduated from the college in 1883 and were refused certificates by the Mis- souri State Board of Health. The college brought a test case in the Supreme court of Missouri. The court issued a peremptory order directing the state board of health to issue the certificates. The question of ethics was exhaus- tively discussed among the medical profession, and in 1881 it was brought before the National Medical association. No specific action was taken, but by a common consent the question at issue was laid aside and the right of regular practitioners to consult with graduates of any medical school was tacitly ad- mitted. This was the attainment of the primal purpose, and the same year the college was abandoned, and the apparati, and a small amount of money in the treasury, were distributed among the survivors of the enterprise. While it existed the college graduated fifty-three physicians, of whom twelve were women.
The Kansas City Homeopathic College was founded in 1888 through the effort of Dr. F. F. Casseday, Dr. E. F. Brady and J. C. Wise. During its first two years, the college was maintained in three small rooms in the Schutte building. It was supported by voluntary contributions from active practi- tioners. The original faculty comprised ten resident physicians, while twelve others occupied positions on the board of trustees, the hospital staff, the dis- pensary staff or were members of the advisory board. A college building at 1020 East Tenth street was completed in the fall of 1892, at a cost of $10,000.
The Hahnemann Medical College of the Kansas City University was founded partly through the generosity of H. J. Heinz of Pittsburg, Pa., and was incorporated in June, 1896, as the Homeopathic Medical Department of the Kansas City University. The name was changed June 20, 1900, to the Hahnemann Medical College of the Kansas City University. The course of
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instruction covers a period of four years, as required by the American Insti- tute of Homeopathy. Women are admitted on equal terms with men. The first class was graduated in 1899.
Dr. D. J. McMillen and several friends having been assured of the sub- stantial co-operation, in 1890 took steps toward the organization of the Western Dental College of Kansas City. They devised plans for the opening of the school, and established what has become one of the largest dental col- leges in the United States. The men who were associated in organizing the college were: Drs. McMillen, J. S. Letord, H. S. Lowry, E. E. Shattuck, D. C. Lane, S. C. Wheat, I. D. Pearce, E. D. Carr, A. J. McDonald, H. S. Thompson, J. W. Aiken, J. W. Heckler, S. B. Prevost, Elliott Smith, W. G. Price, J. M. Gross, C. C. Hamilton, J. T. Eggers, W. S. Dedman, J. H. Crom- well, T. J. Beattie, H. O. Hanawalt, Willis P. King, C. E. Esterly, L. D. Hodge, George Ashton, J. S. Sharp, R. Wood Brown, H. B. Heckler and Judge I. H. Kinley. The first term began in September, 1890, and six students were enrolled for a term of six months .. The attendance has steadily increased. The first faculty was composed of Dr. D. J. McMillen, dean and professor of operative dentistry ; and Drs. H. S. Douglas, J. T. Eggers, T. J. Beattie, J. S. Sharp, C. C. Hamilton, H. O. Hanawalt, H. S. Lowry and J. M. Gross. There have been many changes in the faculty, but the instructors have been men prominent in the profession.
In the establishment of hospitals in Kansas City there has been no lavish expenditure of money in rearing great structures remarkable for archi- tectural beauty, with the exception of the new city hospital. With modest interiors, the hospitals are reasonably complete in all their appointments, supplied with all modern appliances necessary for the treatment of patients. All are served by capable resident members of the medical profession. In connection with them are medical colleges and training schools for women nurses, and the hospitals themselves afford unusual opportunities to the medi- cal students for witnessing treatment in all departments.
The city hospital was founded in 1870 in a small frame building at Twenty-second and McCoy streets. In 1884 a brick edifice was erected at the cost of $5,600. The city council appropriated $25,000 for building purposes in 1895 and a two-story brick building containing the offices, ward for the insane, women's ward and surgical department was erected. Later many improvements were made in the old building. The capacity of the old city hospital at the time the new city hospital was completed in the summer of 1908 was 200. St. George's hospital, the pesthouse, was destroyed by a fire early in 1899, and a temporary building is used when necessity requires. The management of the city hospital is vested in a city physician, who is also surgeon in charge. Subordinate to him is a house surgeon, with two medical
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graduates as assistants, and a steward. The supervisory management rests with the board of health, consisting of the heads of municipal departments. The mayor is ex officio president of the board, with the city physician as executive officer. Subordinate officers are a city chemist, a health officer, a milk and food inspector and a stock and meat inspector, who make their reports to the city physician.
St. Joseph's hospital was founded in 1875 by the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet. The original building was a frame house accommodating twenty patients, under the care of Mother Celestia and three sisters who came with her. The present building, completed in 1886, is situated at 710 Penn street. It is complete in every respect, its equipment including an X-ray plant, the equal of those in metropolitan hospitals, the gift of Dr. J. D. Grif- fith. One hundred patients may be accommodated and persons of all religious denominations are admitted without question and are permitted to receive visits from clergymen of their own faith. Abundant provision is made for charity cases. An additional five-story building was erected in 1900 at a cost of $40,000.
The University hospital is successor to All Saints' hospital, which was established about 1883 under the direction of St. Mary's Episcopal church. The latter grew out of the effort of the Rev. Dr. H. D. Jardine. The building at 1005 Campbell street was erected at a cost of $17,000 and in 1898 was leased to the University Medical college, which purchased the property in 1899. The building was improved, having accommodations for fifty patients. A managing physician is in charge with a woman superintendent, and the nurses are all graduates of the training school connected with the University Medical college. The hospital is open to all without regard to sect or nationality.
The German hospital association was organized January 17, 1886, by a number of German-American citizens. Its first officers were: C. E. Schoell- kopf, A. Long, J. A. Bachman, and C. Spengler. A fund was created by subscription and a building at Twenty-third and Holmes streets was pur- chased and remodeled at a cost of $10,000. The property in 1908 was valued at $50,000. It provided accommodation for 100 patients without regard to religion or nationality.
The Kansas City Homeopathic hospital, incorporated February 27, 1888, was founded by a number of leading homeopathic practitioners. The first building was on Lydia avenue between Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets. Late in 1888 the hospital was removed to a large building on Eighth street between Charlotte and Campbell streets, and in 1890 to Seventh street, be- tween Washington and Penn streets. At this latter location a portion of the building was used by the Kansas City Homeopathic Medical college. The
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hospital was closed in 1890 for lack of funds. The Homeopathic Hospital and Training School of Kansas City was opened in September, 1899, by Mrs. W. E. Dockson, as matron.
The Maternity hospital was established in 1885 by the East Side Women's Christian Temperance union. It was supported by voluntary contributions, supplemented at a later day by proceeds of laundry work performed by girls who had been treated and who needed work and a home after their recovery. The management was by women exclusively. Dr. Pauline Canfield was the first physician in charge. In 1896 the hospital closed for lack of support and its furniture was given to the Women's and Children's hospital and training school for nurses, which institution was chartered in 1897, and was organized by substantially the same body as the Maternity hospital. The management is vested in a board of directors, composed exclusively of women, and the hospital is self-supporting. Its charity work is limited to a free ward for crippled children. Agnew hospital, a general hospital with a maternity de- partment, was founded July 1, 1897, at the northeast corner of Fourteenth street and Penn street. A building at 637 Woodland avenue was leased in October, 1898, where there are accommodations for twenty-five patients. In connection with this hospital is a Kansas City training school for nurses.
St. Luke's Hospital was established by the Rev. Edward Robert Atwill, Bishop of the Diocese of Kansas City, February 19, 1906. It is owned by the Church Charity association of Kansas City, an organization of the Episcopal church. This society was incorporated under the laws of Missouri, October 3, 1882. The articles of incorporation were amended November 28, 1906. The present building has a capacity of 25 beds and is managed by a Board of Directors under the auspices of the church Charity association. While there are a few free beds, yet it is not a purely charitable institution. There is a visiting staff, and a consulting staff of physicians; who are appointed by the directors. A successful nurses' training school is conducted in connection with the hospital, which is under the direction of the superintendent.
The South Side hospital is a small private institution. It was founded in 1905. There are 36 beds for patients. Any reputable physician may have his patients admitted. There is also a training school for nurses in connec- tion with the hospital. The Red Cross hospital of Kansas City was founded by Dr. Alberta F. Moffet, 1902. It is a general hospital open to the profes- sion, with a capacity of 20 beds. There are two hospitals in Kansas City that are devoted solely to the interests of the railroads. One belongs to the Missouri Pacific railroad; the other to the Kansas City Southern railroad. The Missouri Pacific hospital accommodates thirty patients. The Kansas City Southern hospital has accommodations for twenty-five patients.
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The first medical periodical published in Kansas City was the Kansas City Review of Medicine and Surgery, edited and managed by Dr. Theodore S. Case and Dr. G. M. B. Maughs. It was established in 1860, and discon- tinued at the beginning of the Civil war. Dr. Case espoused the Union cause, while Dr. Maughs went south and entered the Confederate service. Kansas City was then without a medical periodical until 1871, when the Kansas City Medical Journal appeared, published by the Kansas City Medical college and first edited by Dr. A. P. Lankford. It was discontinued after three years for want of support. The New Medical Era and Sanitarium began publication in 1883, under the management of Dr. A. L. Chapman, but existed only two years. The Kansas City Medical Record first appeared in 1884 under the editorial and business management of Dr. A. L. Fulton and Dr. George Halley; the latter withdrew in 1885. The publication has since been recog- nized as an influential medical journal.
The Kansas City Inder-Laneet is the outgrowth of several other journals. Dr. F. F. Diekman began the publication of the Kansas Medical Index in 1879 at Fort Scott, Kas. Dr. J. R. Cheaney became business manager in 1883, and the name of the journal was changed to Kansas and Missouri Val- ley Medical Index. In November, 1883, Dr. Cheaney retired, and in 1885 the publication was removed to Kansas City, and became the Kansas City Medieal Index. Dr. Emory Lanphear and Dr. W. S. Elston assumed charge of the journal in September, 1885. Later Dr. Elston retired and the publi- cation was continued by Dr. Lanphear as Lanphear's Kansas City Medical Index. Dr. H. E. Pearse was the next owner. In 1899 he sold his interest to Dr. John Punton, who was then owner of the Kansas City Lancet. Dr. Punton consolidated the two journals under the name of the Kansas City Index-Lancet.
The Medical Arena, the only homeopathic periodical in the Missouri Valley, owes its inception to an incident attending the fourth commence- ment of the Kansas City Homeopathic Medical college in 1892. Dr. T. H. Hudson delivered the address to the graduates of homeopathy and coeduca- tion. All interested were desirous that the address and other information connected with the commencement should be published. This condition called attention to the urgent necessity for a homeopathic journal. Dr. Hudson persuaded Dr. C. F. DeLap to join him in establishing a journal. The first number of the Medical Standard was issued in April, 1892, but as there was a publication with the same name in Chicago, the publishers changed the title to the Keynote of Homeopathy. The journal was suspended in Sep- tember, 1892, because of the accumulation of debts, but was resumed after three months under the name of Medical Arena. Dr. C. F. DeLap and Dr. W. D. Foster managed the editorial department. After several changes the
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early indebtedness was liquidated. The journal is without competition in the territory tributary to Kansas City. Dr. Foster remained with the Medical Arena for about the first two years of its publication, when Dr. A. E. New- meister, who had been associated with the journal, took over his interests. Dr. DeLap with Dr. Newmeister continued the paper's publication until 1906. The paper was then sold to Dr. S. S. Marks, who ran it as an Eclectic journal until within the last few months, when it was sold to an Eclectic journal of St. Louis.
CHAPTER XXI.
THE GREAT INDUSTRIES.
The marvelous development of the live stock trade in Kansas City was from natural sources; no special effort was required to promote the great industry of cattle raising. The immeasurable rich grazing ground in the country contiguous to Kansas City suggested the raising of live stock, and the generous soil yielding not alone the best but the cheapest of feed for the cattle further encouraged this feature of agriculture.
To the Spaniards Kansas City is indebted for the inception of the great live stock trade. When the Santa Fe and overland trade developed from the use of pack horses to caravans of wagons drawn by oxen, about 1857, great herds of the long horned Texas steers grazed in the pasture land of Texas, and not less than 20,000 of them were driven to Kansas City and used by the traders. Many were sold to firms in Chicago and Milwaukee, having been driven across the river to Randolph's Bluff to the Hannibal and St. Joseph railroad and shipped. This was the beginning of the live stock trade on which rests the commercial and industrial supremacy of Kansas City.
Before the advent of railroads in Kansas City the trade consisted only of such hogs and cattle as could easily be driven from adjacent farms to railroad stations or to the Missouri river to be shipped by water. During the Civil war the confederate army was supplied with beef from Texas, but later the war interfered with the market and the southwest was overrun with Texas cattle. The Southern people could not afford to buy and Mexico needed but a small part of the annual increase.
The drovers learned that cattle commanded high prices in the North- west and prepared to take herds through the southwest of Missouri to Sedalia and other points on the Missouri Pacific railroad in Central Missouri. Re- sistance was made to their entrance to Missouri or Kansas, as it was thought
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that the Spanish fever would spread among the native cattle. The objections raised by the farmers of Kansas attracted the attention of Mr. Joseph C. McCoy, a cattle dealer in Illinois. He studied the problem and considered that a receiving station for Texas cattle might be found in western Kansas, outside of settled districts. Mr. McCoy built a stock yard in Abilene, Kas., and was very successful until 1871, when the Kansas legislature, at the solici- tation of the farmers living in the vicinity of the town, enacted a law that drove the live stock trade from Abilene.
L. V. Morse, superintendent of the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad, was the pioneer of the stock yards movement in Kansas City. In 1870 Mr. Morse fenced off five acres of land and divided it into eleven pens. In 1871, the Kansas City Stock Yards company was organized with these officers: J. M. Walker, president; George H. Nettleton, general manager; Jerome D. Smith, superintendent, and George N. Altman, secretary. The Live Stock Exchange building was erected in the West bottoms at Sixteenth and Bell streets, and the stock yards covered twenty-six acres in the immediate neighborhood. The first year's receipts were 120,827 cattle, 41,036 hogs, 4,527 sheep and 809 horses and mules, a total of 6,623 cars.
The Kansas City stock yards have been enlarged at different times to meet the demands of an increasing business, until they now (1908) represent an investment of eight million dollars. This, together with the packing indus- try, shows the total amount of money devoted to live stock interests in this city to be $40,000,000. The yards, in 1908, covered 207 acres and had a daily yarding capacity of 40,000 cattle, 35,000 hogs, 25,000 sheep and 5,000 horses and mules. The value of the live stock received in 1907 was more than 145 million dollars. Kansas City is second only to Chicago in the live stock markets of the world.
The receipts of all kinds of live stock at the Kansas City stock yards in 1907 were 7,237,750; the number of carloads received was 145,301; cattle, 2,670,460; hogs, 2,923,460; and sheep, 1,581,468. The packing houses in 1907 purchased 1,420,183 cattle, 2,738,481 hogs, and 1,081,654 sheep.
While a great live stock center was being established in Kansas City, the horse and mule market was not neglected. The Kansas City Stock Yards . company has provided every facility for handling these animals. The horse and mule market has developed until it is now (1908) one of the most im- portant branches of the live stock industry. The receipts of horses and mules at the stock yards in 1871, the year of the organization of the stock yards company, were less than 1,000. By 1880 the receipts had increased to 14,- 000; in 1890 the receipts of horses and mules received in Kansas City were 47,118. The number of these animals received in Kansas City between 1900 and 1908 averaged about 65,000 a year.
EXCHANGE BUILDING AND BUSINESS OFFICES OF KANSAS STOCK YARDS IN 1871.
6+1
PLANKINT
ON & ARMOURS.
FEE
PORK PACKERS
-
THE OLD PLANKINTON & ARMOUR'S PACKING PLANT.
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Missouri has long been famous as the world's greatest mule producing district. Recent statistics show Kansas and Nebraska as close seconds in the number of mules owned and raised. Some of the largest contracts for fur- nishing mules that have ever been made in the United States were handled by Kansas City dealers. In the Spanish-American war and in the war in South Africa Kansas City dealers furnished more than 100,000 mules and horses, and about ninety per cent of all the mules purchased by the United States government in recent years has been furnished by Kansas City dealers. Not only is Kansas City an important market for draft horses and mules, but also for saddle horses, light drivers and roadsters.
In the earlier years of the stock yards the sheep trade attracted little attention, but later the buying side of the market made wonderful strides. At first the shippers and speculators had to be depended upon to take most of the sheep received. This proved to be a most unreliable demand. The killing trade began to show a little vigor in 1883, and the local slaughter of sheep having begun, a steady and reliable market was established. This gave encouragement to the sheep breeders of the West and they began to give increased attention to fattening mutton sheep for the market. The demand for mutton increased until Kansas City has become one of the principal sheep markets of the country. The best sheep, as well as cattle country, in the West lies adjacent to Kansas City.
Situated in the center of the greatest corn growing section of the United States, Kansas City is an important market for hogs. The fact that there are situated here several of the largest packing plants in the world makes a strong demand for hogs. For a decade past the full receipts of hogs have been sold on the market, and shipping hogs through to other markets was almost un- known. Not only has there been a demand for all the arrivals here in the recent years, but the buying side of the market has grown until it has become greater than the selling side. More hogs could be sold each year than the tributary country is able to supply.
Not only are the Kansas City stock yards the center of the movement of the live stock of commerce in the Southwest, but they are the center of the pure-bred live stock industry of the territory west of the Mississippi river. Here is held annually one of the world's greatest exhibitions of pure-bred live stock-the American Royal Live Stock show, which attracts exhibiters from half the states and territories of the union and visitors from all over the United States. At the show in the fall of 1906, 1,500 head of pure-bred cattle, horses, hogs and goats were in exhibition, and $30,000 in premiums was distributed. The attendance was 60,000. This great exhibition has been fostered and encouraged by the stock yards company. The company has provided commodious barns for housing it, and constructed, at a cost of
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$30,000, a pavilion used exclusively for public sales of pure-bred stock. This movement to make Kansas City the center of the pure-bred live stock indus- try has met with the hearty co-operation of the leading members of the National Association of Breeders.
C. F. Morse, president of the Kansas City Stock Yards company, has been identified with it since its early days, having for many years served as vice-president and general manager. E. E. Richardson, secretary and treas- urer, has occupied that position since 1872. Eugene Rust, general manager, was made yardmaster in 1880 and later served as assistant superintendent, superintendent and traffic manager. Harry P. Child, general supply agent, was appointed yardmaster at the opening of the yards in 1871; superin- tendent in 1879, and assistant general manager in 1892, holding the latter office until it was abolished.
The main building at the live stock yards in 1871 was a one-story frame structure. The present (1908) live stock exchange building is said to be the finest of its kind in the world. It is built of red pressed brick, has three and one-half acres of floor space, three-fourths of a mile of hallways, 353 offices and two assembly halls. The building stands partly in Kansas and partly in Missouri. The state line is marked by a row of red tiles across the floor.
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