USA > Mississippi > History of the upper Mississippi Valley, pt 2 > Part 65
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706
HISTORY OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY.
from the faet that the iron ores of this forma- tion ure, so far as known, in elose contiguity with the points of contact between the igneous and the sedimentary beds, and by the additional fact that the igneous rock is in many places almost free from iron. Iron ore of this kind is found at Prairie river Falls, and in Herman, St. Louis county. At Duluth, also, this rock is so ferrif- erous in some places, as to attract attention as an iron ore.
The Huronian plays a very eonspieuons part in the geology of the Upper Mississippi and the St. Louis valleys. The typical manner of outerop, as well as material composition of this formation, is to be seen at Thomson, and from there up the St. Louis to Knife Falls, and down the valley to the foot of the Dalles. It there appears as a slaty and argillaceous roek, interbedded with gray quartzytes, cut by igneons dykes and tilted ont of position so as to dip generally to the southeast at an angle of 30° to 45º. Scattered conticular ridges rise very sharply above the ground sur- face, some of them being 35 or 40 feet high. They are intersected by jointage planes and by slaty eleavage, the former running in two or three direetions and cutting the mass into rhomboidal blocks, and the latter standing nearly vertieal and running about east and west. Sometimes the beds contain eubie iron pyrites and sometimes loeal de- posits of white quartz eoineident with the eleavage, or with the bedding, and sometimes deposits of graphites. But in general the whole has a uniform and yet a very rough aspect. It is generally gray, varying to darker shades -almost black. The quartzytes are light-colored; the slates are darker. The dykes of igueous roek that eut the formation weather away faster than the beds of the forma- tion itself, and hence they occupy the lower trans- verso valleys. They are ineonspienons except as they form lines of darker, or brownish-rusty, rot- ting, rock, sometimes but a foot or two in width and sometimes sixty feet wide, running nearly north and sonth. The St. Louis lies in the line of a huge, eroded igneous dyke where it runs under the, rail- road bridge between Thomson and the Northern Pacifie Junction. It can be traced both north and south from that place, running through the eoun- try in an unvarying direction. Another dyke par- allel to this passes a few rods east of Miller's Mill ut 'Thomson. Several can be seen cutting the form- ation between the river and the Northern Pacific Junction. The formation seems to give place to
the igneons rock of the Rice Point hills a shor distance above Knife Falls. An isolated knoll o the same formation rises among the igneous rocki at Duluth. It is found in outerop up Mission ereek 4 or 5 miles. It extends southward withou much variation as far as Moose lake and station It runs under the drift but reappears at numerous points on the Mississippi, though it has here a different lithology. It is changed to alternating miea-sehists and quartzytes, with nodules and larger areas of granite. The whole region about Little Falls, where this rock outerops in Morrison county, whether as granite, as at Granite City and northwest from Little Falls, or as a mica-schist, as at the rapids at Little Falls and Pike Rapids, is underlain by the Huronian. At Pike Rapids the sehist is highly staurolitic, the little angular erys- tals standing out conspicuously on all weathered surlaees, and often found among the gravel in perfect and frequently twinned forms. The gran- ites at Watab, Sauk Rapids and St Cloud, and gen- erally in Stearns county, as well as further west, near Motley, and in Todd county, belong to the same formation. The granites result from a fur- ther metamorphism of sedimentary beds. Mica sehists and tale schists are produced first. The eomplete fusion and erystallization of the sedi- mentary beds of the Huronian resulted in granites and syenites. The faet that the East St. Cloud granite is a result of metamorphism from a eon- glomerate is evident still, in the rounded forms of pebbles still preserved, which, on being sub- jected to the same forces, did not produce gran- ite, but a chloritie or hornblendie dark mass. These evidenees are still more distinet in this formation in the northern part of the State, near the boundary line. These granites are also asso- ciated with granites of a red color, probably de- rived from the overlying Potsdam formation, and are cut by dykes of igneous rock in the same manner as the slates and quartzytes at Thompson.
5. The Laurentian formation, if any such there be in Minnesota, seems to occur in the vicinity of Saganaga lake, and to extend into the region of the upper St. Louis, partienlarly on its branch known as the Embarras, where it erosses the Me- sabi range; but this is not yet well established. As a formation it consists very largely of light colored granites, and whether they graduate into the Huronian or not, is not settled, but they seem to.
In the foregoing sketch no mention is made of the Cretaccous. It is found in Stearns, Wright
707
GEOLOGY.
and Morrison counties, and it probably lies under the drift-sheet in patches in much of the Upper Mississippi region. This formation is that which has excited false hopes of coal in numerous in- stances in Minnesota. One of these eases occurred in Wright county, and one in Stearns.
ECONOMIC RESOURCES.
As to the economical resources derivable from the rocks of the region, they may be summed up briefly as follows:
F'rom the Drift, clays for brick, both red and cream eolored, or for tiles, drains or earthen ware.
From the Trenton, quieklime and building stone. From the St. Peter, silica-sand for glass making.
From the Potsdam, metallic-copper, iron-ore, building stone, graphite, and feldspar for china ware.
From the Huronian, ores of copper, iron and
silver; graphite and granites and roofing slate. From the Laurentian, Granites for building and for monuments.
From the Cutaceous, lignites and clays for pottery.
In the enumeration of resources no mention is made of agricultural resources, dependent on soil and elimate, nor of the native forests with which the region is supplied. The agricultural capabil- ities have been underestimated. The region has nothing to render it less productive than much of New York, Michigan and Wisconsin, which are . settled and eultivated as farming lands. Enough has already been raised to show this. Isolated farming is earried on in the most distant parts of the region, while throughout most of the upper Mississippi Valley arc found fine farms are in prosperous activity.
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INDEX.
INDEX.
EXPLORERS AND PIONEERS OF MINNESOTA.
PAGE
Abraham, Plains of .. . .
1
Accantt (Ako) Michael, compan-
ion of Hennepin. 10. 18, 20. 23, 21, 26 Described by La Salle .. 18
Leader of Mississippi Explo- rations . . 19
Achiganaga arrested by Perrot .. Tried for murder before Du Inth . 18 Aionez. see Joways
Albanel, Jesuit missionary at Sault St. Marie .... 11
Allouez, Jesuit missionery visits La Pointe .. 1
Meets the Sioux at the ex-
1
tremity of Lake Superior, . . Ames, M. E., early lawyer. Anderson, Captain in British ser- vice .... 81
Andrews, Joseph, killed by Sis- selon Sioux ..
Aquipaguetin. Sioux chief men- Brunson, B. W .. 119
27
tionedby Hennepin .. .21, Assineboines. . . . . . . . 2. 9. 23. 13. 16, Angelle, Anthony, alias Picard di Gny, associate of Hennepin. 10, 18, 23, 21, 26
Ayer, Frederick, missionary to Ojibways .. . 107 Baker, B. F., Indian trader .. .. . . . 112
Bailly, Alexis, drives cattle to l'embina .. 93
Member of Legislature. 43 Balcombe, SI. A. D ... 127 Balfour, Captain ..
Bass, J. W., carly settler at St. Panl. ... 116
Beauharnois, Governor, favors Verendrye ... 69
Beanjen, urged by banglade of Wisconsin, defeats Braddock .. 61 Bellin alludes to Fort Rouge on Red river. 87
Fort on St. Croix river 112 Beltrami, (. (,, notice of ...
Discovers northern sources of the Mississippi. . 91
Bishop, Harriet E., establishes school at St. Paul.
Blue Earth River explored . . . . 15. 17
D)'Evagne visits ..
Boal J. M., carly settler at St. Paul .. : 1B6, 118 Bottinean, J. B., exposed in a snow storni .. 102
Boisguillot, carly trader ou Wis- consin and Mississippi .. 32 Boncher, Pierre, described Lake
11 Christinanx mentioned. 13, Superior copper mines, 7
Father of Sieur de Le Por-
riere. 51
Bondor trades with the Sioux .. Allacked by The Foxes ..
Bouganville, mentions Indian Fribon seen by Verendrye
Bontwell, Rov. W. T., Ojibway missionary . 106, 113
Removes to Stillwater .....
Notice of Stillwater .. 111 Braddock's defeat.
PAGE 1 TO 128. PAGE
Bremer, Frederika, Swedish nov-
elist in Minnesota ... 122
Brisbin, J. B .... 127
Brisbois, Lieutenant, in British service .... 81 Verendrye ..
Brissette, Edward, notice of ....
Brown, Joseph R., drummer boy at Fort Snelling ... 95 Trading Post at Lake Trav- "l'se .. 102
Keeps a grog shop for sol- diers ... 103
At Grey Cloud Island .. .... 113
Member of Wisconsin Leg-
islature ... 113
Makes a town site near Stillwater .. 113
Secretary of Conneil, 1819 .. 119 Bruce, trader at Green Bay. 63 Brunson, Rev. A., Methodist Mis- sionary .. 111, 113
Brusky, Charles, Indian trader. 77
Bulwer, Sir E. L., translation of Sionx Death Song ... 67
Cameron, Murdock, sells liquor to Indians.
Campbell, Colin, interpreter 92 Carver's Cave mentioned. . 66, 78, 81
Carver, Capt. Jonathan, carly life of .... 61
In battle of Lake George ... Arrival at Mackinaw .. 61
61
Describes the fort at Green Bay. . 61
Visits Winnebago Village ... 61
Visits Fox Village.
Describes Prairie du Chien .. Describes earth works at Lake Pepin .. 65
Describes cave at St. Panl ... 66
Describes Falls of St. An- thony ..
Describes Minnesota river .. Describes funeral rites ... 67
Translation of Bulwer and Herschell .. . 67. His alleged deed for Sionx land .. 70
Grandsons of, visit Minne- soft .. 82
Charlevoix on Ia Hontan's fab- rications .. 36
On La Sueur's mining opera- tions ... 15 Chatfield, A. G., Territorial Judge ... 125 Chonart, Medard, see Groselliers
Clark, Lt. Nathan, at Fort Snel- ling .. 3
Last lors from ften. Gibson
Coe, Rev. Alvan, visits Fort Snelling in 1929 ..
Convention to form a Sinte Con- stitution ... 128
Cooper, David, Territorial Judge 118 Copper mines of Lake Superior, Early notice of . . 7
PAGE
Notice of Ontanagon .. 7
Copper mines spoken of by Talon, A. D .. 1669. 7 Coquard, Father, accompanies 60
111 Mentions Rocky Mountain indians
Dakotahs or Dahkotahs, see Sionx D'Avagonr. Governor of Canada, opinion of the region West of Lake Superior. 1
Day. Dr. David 121
De Gonor, Jesuit, visits Lake Pe- pin . . .51,
58
Return to Canada. 51
Converses with Verendrye ... De la Barre, Governor, notices Du Imth ... 11
De la Tonr, Jesnits missionary .. 13
De la Tonrette. Greysolon, broth- er of Dn laith .. 16 Denis, Canadian voyageur, joins Le Aneur ..
15 Denonville, Governor, attacks Seneens .. Orders Du Luth to build a Fort .... 2
Sends for western allies. ... Commissions Du Luth
Denton, Rev. D., missionary to Sionx .. 111
D'Esprit, Pierre, see Radisson ...
D'Evagne, in charge of Fort WFHmillier . 18
Devotion, M., Antler at Fort Snelling .. 91
D'Iberville, Gov., criticises Hen- nepin .. 28
Relative of Le Sueur. 3.9 61
Dieskan, Baron.
Dickson, Col. Robert, visits Lt. Pike ..
77
Trading post at Grand Rapids 78
At Mendota .. During war of 1812 ......... 50, 81 69 At Lake Traverse. 96 96
At Fort Snelling. ....... 93, William son of Robert ... . .
Dn Chesnean, intendant of Cau- uda, complains of Dninth .. .. ..
11
Du Luth, Daniel Greysolon, carly life of ...
Varions spellings of his name Establishes a. Fort at Kaman- istigoya .
Descends the St. Croix river 11, 112
Arrests and executes Indians at Sault St. Marie. 11 Brings allies Jo Niagara, for De la Barre. 15 Establishes a Fort on Jake Eric ...
Returns to lake Erie with his consin Tonty ...
Brother of, from Lake Nepi- gon ... 10
In command at Fort Fronte-
17 Notice of Isle Royal. 7 Death of ==
. . .
-
12
710
INDEX.
PAGE
PAGE
Holeomb, Capt. William, 110
Hole-in-the-Day, the father at- tacks the Sionx .. 103 Hole-in-the-day, Junior attacks 121 Sioux near St. Paul.
On first steamboat above falls of St. Anthony. . 121
113 Howe, carly settler at Marine ... Ilnggins, Alexander, mission farmer 107
flurons driven to Minnesota ..... At war with the Sioux .. 1
Indiana Territory organized. 73
Indians of Mississippi Valley, earliest communications about Upper Missouri, seen by Ver- endrye 60
Minnesota. 104
Ioways, visited by Hurons ..
Visit Perrot at Lake Pepin ... Iroquois, Virgin, her intercession sought by Du Lnth. . 17
Isle, Pelee, of the Mississippi be- low St. Croix River 37
Isle Royal, copper in 1667, notieed 7 Galtier, Rev. L., builds first chapel in St. Paul .. 114 Itasea, origin of word. 107
Jackson, Henry, early settler in St. Paul .. 114, 115
Jemeraye, Sieur de la, with the Sionx ... 50
59
Explores to Rainy Lake .. . 58, Death of ...
54
Jesuit, Father Allouez.
1
Chardon, 52
De Gonor 51
De la Chasse
51
(luignas .. .51, 51, 55, 56
5
Menard. 2,
Messayer 58
106
Graham, Duncan, arrives at Fort
Snelling. 100
Grant, trader at Sandy Lake, vis- ited by Pike ... 77
Gravier, Father James, criticiscs Hennepin 28 Kickapoos, at Fort Perrot ... 30
Greeley, Elam 109
Griffing, La Salle's ship. 10
Voyage to Green Bay. 19 King, grandson of Carver .. 82
La Hontan, his early life .. 35
Birth of Charlotte Ouiscon- Hin Clark.
Col. Leavenworth arrives at Mendota ... 91
First officers at cantomnent ..
Lae qui Parle Mission. 109
Lake Calhoun, Indian farm es- tablished ...
Lake llarriet mission described. Lake Pepin, called Lake of Tears Described in A, D. 1700 ... 109 Fort Perrot at .. 29
Fort Beauharnois at 53
Lake Pokegnina Mission. 109
La Monde, a voyager. 10
Landsing, trader, killed. 68
Lambert, David, early settler in St. Paul .. 118
Lambert, Henry A., carly settler in St. Paul ... 119 Langlade, of Green Bay, urges attack of Braddock .... 61
La Perriere, Sienr de, proceeds to Sionx country .. 31
Son of Pierre Boucher. 51
Arrives at Lake Pepin. 52 La Porte, see Lonvigny.
La Potherie describes Fort Per-
rot at lake Pepin .. 20
Larpentenr, A., carly settler in St. Paul ... 116
La Balle licensed to trade in Buf- falo robes ... 10 Citieines Du Inth 10,
18 First to describe Upper Mis-
Describes Falls of St. Anthony 19
La Taupine, see Moreau ..
Laurence, Phineas, pioneer at St. Croix Valley. 113
beach, Calvin, a founder of Still- water .. 113
C. C7
Major "Taliaferro, Indian agent at ..
Cass and Schoolcraft visits ..
Col. Snelling succeeds Leay- euworth ... 92
Events of A. D. 1821 93
Advance in building 93
Events of A. D. 1822, A. D. 1823 .. 93
First steamboat at .. 93
Beltrami, the Italian, at. . 93, 91 Major II. S Long arrives at ..
Government mill near .. 91
Sunday School at .. 91
Events of A. D. 1821.
General Scott suggests name for fort ...
Events of A. D. 1225 and 1826, Mail arrivalat ...
Great snow storm March, 1826, 96
High water at, April 21, 1826, 97 Slaves belonging to officers, at .. 97
Steamboat arrivals to close of 1826. 07
General Gaines censures Col- ouel of .... 17 Events of A. D. 1827 Flat Mouth, Ojibway chief, visits in 1827 ..
Col. Snelling delivers mur- derers for execution. . 99
Construction of, criticised by General Gaines ... 100
Rev. Alva Coc in 1829 preaeh-
J. N. Nicollet arrives at ...... 102 Marriages at ... .102, 108, 120 Steamer Palmyra at, in July,
1838, with notice of ratifica-
Ilis tour from Lake Superior to Mississippi. . 112 tion of Indian treaties ..... 112 Indian council held at, by Governor Ramsey ... 121 Fort St. Anthony, now Snelling .. 95
Meets Accault and Hennepin 112 Dn Pay, a voyagenr .... 10
Durantaye, connuander nt Maek- inaW 33
At Ticonderoga. 62
At Ningara. 15
Ely. E. F., missionary teacher .... 110 Enjalran, Jesuit missionary at Sault St. Marie .... .11, 13 Faffart, interpreter for Du Luth 10 Visits the Sioux ... 11 Falls of Saint Anthony, first white man at .. .. 25
First mill at . 94
.. 93,
Described by La Salle .. 19
Encourages Le Sueur .... 39
Described by Hennepin, 21, 25, 26 Frazer, trader ...
78
Fuller, Jerome, Territorial Chief Justice .. 123
Described by Lt. Z.M.Pike, 75, 76 Described by Major Long. . .. 85 First newspaper at .. 123 Farber, J. W. 127
Bridge, first across Missis- sippi ... 126
Fisher, trader at Green Bay. 63
Fiteh, pioneer in St. Croix Val- ley 112
Flat Mouth, Ojibway Chief, vis- ists Fort Snelling A. D. 1827 .... 97
Forsyth, Major Thomas, aecom- panies first troops to Fort Suel- ling. 91
Pays Indians for reservation ... 91
Fort Beanharnois established A. D. 1727, at Lake Popin ...... . 51, 52
Commanded by St. Pierre, 50, 57. Fort Crawford .. 100 Judge ... 118
La Reine, on River Assine- boinc ... .33, 87 Le Sueur, below Hastings .... 37 L'Hnillier, on Blue Earth river .. 18 Left in charge of D'Evaque 17
Mckay ... 81
Perrot, at Lake Pepin.
Shelby, at Prairie du Chien, 80, 81 Fort Snelling, site secured by Lt. Pike .. 75 Troops for, at Prairie du Chien ... 90
Grignon, Captain in British ser- vice. 78, 81 Groselliers, Sieur, early life .. 1, 6
Visits Mille Laes region .... 2 224
Meets the Assineboines ... ·2 Laidlow travels from Selkirk set- Visita Hudson's Bay. tlement to Prairie du Chien ... At Fort Snelling
Name given to what is now Pigeon river ..
Visits New England.
Encouraged by Prince Rup- ert .. 5
Death of.
Guignas, Father, missionary at Fort Beauharnois ... 51
Gnignas, Father, captured by In- dians .... 51
Returns to Lake Pepin. 56
Ann, grandson of Carver. 82
Ilall, Rev. Sherman, Ojibway missionary .. 107
Moves to Sauk Rapids 111 Hayner, 11. Z. Chief Justice of Territory .... 121
Ilempstead aecompanies Major hong, A. D .. 1817. 82
lennepin, Louis, Franciscan mis- sionnry, carly life of .. 19
Depreciates Jesuits. 18
At Falls of St. Anthony. 16, 22, 21, 25
Denonneed by La Salle ..... 19
Chaplain of La Salle ..
At Lake Pepin ... 22
Met by Dn Inith,
Career on return to Europe .. His later days. ..
Opinion of Jesnit Missions .. . 106 Henniss, C. J., Editor ... 122 sissippi . . 18
flerschell, Sir John, translates Schiller's song, Son of Sioux Chief .. 68
Ilistorical Society, first public
Ilobart, Rev. C. 119
58
St. Pierre, on Rainy Lake ... Interview with Perrot. ..
31
Mentioned,33, 37, 38, 48, 46, 54, 55
Franklin, Sir John. relies of, pass through St. Panl .... 126
Frontenac, Governor of Canada. Friend of Duluth. 11
Gavin, Rev. Daniel missionary .. 111
Gibson, General, letters relative to St. Anthony mill .. 94
Gillam, Capt. Zachary, of Bos- ton, accompanied by Grosel liers and Radisson, sails for
Hudson's Bay in ship None- sueh .. 5
Goodhue, James M., first Minne- sota editor 117
Death of. 121
Goodrich, Aaron, Territorial
Gorman, Willis A, Governor .. 125
Correll, Lieut. ut Green Bay. ..
Johnson, Parsons K. 119 62 Jesuit missions nnsnecessful. .. Judd, carly settler at Marine .... 113 Kaposia, Chief, requests a mis- sionary .. 111
Kennerman, Pike's sergeant ..... 76
Capture French from Lake Pepin .. 54
35 Aseent of the Fox River. ..... Criticised Carlevoix 36 Noticed by Nicollet .. 36
Marquette.
10
St. Charles, on Lake of the Woods .. 58
St. Joseph, on Lake Erie, es- tablished by Du Luth .. 16
PAGE
At Falls of St. Anthony .. . 18, 26 Meets Hennepin. 25
Tribute to .. .. 27
meeting ... 119 es at. 106
711
INDEX.
PAGE
Lead miues ou Mississippi. ....... 33
Leavenworth, Colonel, estab- lishes Fort Snelling .. 90 Legardenr, Augustine, associate of Perrot ... 32 Legislature, Territorial. . . . 119 to 127 Firat Stalo Legislature .. 128
Leslie, la., command at Macki-
62
L'Huillier, Fort, why named .... 18
Le Suenr, associated with Per- rot, builds a Fort below llas- tings .. . 32
At Lake Pepin in 1683 and 1689. .37,
40
At La Pointe of Lake Supe- rior, 1692. 37
Brings first Sioux chief to Montreal. 37. 83
Visits France .. 38
Arrives in Gulf of Mexico .. 39
Passes Perrot's lead mines .. . 40
At the River St. Croix 42)
Holds a council with the Sioux ...
11
Returns to Gulf of Mexi- co 45. Libbey, Washington, pioneer at 74 St. Croix Falls ... 113 Lignery, commands at Mackinaw At Fort Duquesne ... 61 Linetot, commander at Maeki- naw .. 51
Little Crow, Sioux chief, goes in 1821 to Washington. 95
Long, Major Stephen H., tour to St. Anthony, A. D. 1817. 82
Burial place .. 83
Kaposia Villago. Carver's cave. 81
St. Anthony Falls. 85
Opinion of the site of Fort Shelling ... 86
Loomis, Captain Gustavus A., U. S. A ... 108 : Loomis, D. B. early settler of St. Croix Valley .. 122
Loras. Bishop of Dubuque. 109
Louisiana transfer of. 73
Lowry, Sylvanus, early settler ... 127
Macalester College .. 125 Mackinaw re-occupied. 50 Presbyterian mission at .. 106
Rev. Dr. Morse visits. 196
Robert Stuart resides at. ...
106
Rev. W. M. Ferry, mission- nry at ... 106
Maginnis makes a chim at St. Croix Falls .. 112
Map by Franquelin indicates Du Luth's explorations ..
Marest, James Joseph, Jesuit missionary, signs the papers taking possession of the Upper Mississippi Letter to Le Sucur. 39
32
Marin, Lamarque de, French ollieer ..
Marino, early settlers at. 112
Marshall, Hon. W. R. mentioned, 115, 120
Marquette, Jesnit missionary at La Pointe ..
Martin, Abraham, pilot. 1
Maskoutens mentioned. 37
Massacre Island, Lake of the Woods origin of the nanie ..... 59
Medillis, Hugh, N. W. Co. Agent, Lærech Imke ... 78 by ice at lastings. 126
MeGregor, English trader, ar- rested. 15
63
Ohusted, David, President first council. 119
of Candidate for Congress. 122
Editor of Democrat. 125
One Eyed Sionx, alias Bourgne Original Leve, Rising Moose ... 85
Loyal to America during wnr of 1812. 81
Ottnwas, their migrations ..
Ottoes, mentioned. .12, 13,
Onasieoude. (Wah - zce - ko-tay) Sionx chief mentioned by llen- nepin .. .. .23, 27 letter of.
Owens, John P., editor. 123
PAGE
Pacific Ocean, route to .. 36, 50, 58, 60, 69
Parsons, Rev. J. P. 119 Patron, nnele of Du Imth 11 Penicaut describes Fort Perrot .. Fort Le Snenr on Isle Pelee .. 37
Mississippi river 12
17 Describe's Fort. I'lluitlie ..
Pennensha, Freuch trader among the Sioux ... 53
Perkins, Lt., U. S. A., in charge of Fort Shelby .. SU) Perrierre, see L. Perrierre.
Perrot, Nicholas, arrests Aeliga- naga at Lake Superior ... 12
20
Account of Father Menard's ascent of the Mississippi and Black Rivers .. 2
Suspected of poisoning La Salle .... 29
Associated with Du Luth ... 29
Presents a silver ostensorium 30 In the Seneca expedition .... 31
His return to Lake Pepin .... 31
Takes possession of the coun- try .. 32
Conducts a convoy from Mon- treal. . 34, 38
Establishes a post on Kala- mazoo river .. 34
Threatened with death by Indians .. 38
W. T. Boutwell. 107 Peters, Rev.Samuel, interested in E. F. Ely, (teacher). 109 the Carver claim ... .70, 71, 96 Mr. Denton .... 111 Petuns, see Hurons.
Phillips, W. D., carly lawyer nt St. Panl. 116, 119 Pike, Lt. Z. M., U. S. army nt Prairie du Chien ... 7
Description of Falls of St. Anthony .. .75 76
Block house at Swan River .. 77
At Sandy Lake .. . 77
At Leech Lake.
At Dickson's trading post .... 78 Confers with Little Crow ... 78 Pinchon, sec Pennensha
Pinchon, Fils de. Sioux chief, confers with Pike ... 78
Editor of Dahkotah Friend .. 122
Interpreter at treaty of 1851. 121 Pond, Rev. Sanmel W., notifies the agent of a Sioux war party 103 Porlier, trader near Sauk Rapids . 76,
78
Poupon, Isadore, killed by Sisse- ton Sioux.
92
Prairie du Chien described by Carver ..
61
During war of 1812-1815. 80
Mckay at .... 81
91
Quin, Peter.
Raclos, Madeline, wife of Nicho- las Perrot ....
Radisson, Sieur, carly life and marriage .. Rac, Dr., Arctic explorer nt St. Paul 121
Ojibways or Chippeways .. . 30, 31, 37 Early residence of ... 105 Principal villages of . 105 Ramsey, Hon. Alexander, lirst Governor . 117
Of bake Pokegimn attneked 110 Treaty of 1837 .. 112 Guest of H. H. Sibley at Men-
Oliver, Lieut. U. S. A., detained cota .... 118
Becomes a resident of St. 118
Paul
Ilolds Indian council at Fort Snelling . 121 Randin, visits extremity of Lake Superior .. 110) Ravonx, Rev. A., Sioux mission- nry.
Reamme, Sienr, interpreter.
Red River of the North, men- tioned .. 87
Renville, Joseph, mention of. . 76, 169 Renville, John ... 109 Republican convention nt St. An- thony .. 126
Rice, Hon. Henry Ml., steps to or-
Among the Ottowas of Lake Superior 3 Medary, Governor, Samnel ... .. Meeker, B. B., Territorial Judge, 118, 119
Messaver, Father, necompanies the Verendrye expedition. ..... Miami ludinns visited by Perrot, 58 30 Ask for a trading post on Mis-
.93, Mill, first in Minnesota .. .... 98 Pere, see Perrot.
Mille Lacs Sioux visited by Du Luth ..
Hennepin . 22
Minnesota, meaning of the word, 116 River, first steamboat in ..... 122
Historical Society .. 119 Early days of ..
Territory, proposed bounda- ries. 115
Convention at Stillwater. 115
When organized 117
First election. 118
First Legislature. 118
First counties organized. 119
Recognized as a State. 128
Mitchell, Alexander M., U. S. Marshal. 118 Candidate for Congress. 125
Missions, Jesnit. 5, 16, 106 Mission Stations. .106 to 111
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