USA > Mississippi > School history of Mississippi; for use in public and private schools > Part 27
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1890-John M. Stone.
1896-A. J. McLaurin, native of Mississippi.
1900-Andrew Houston Longino, native of Mississippi.
1904-James K. Vardaman, native of Texas.
1908-E. F. Noel, native of Mississippi.
JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT .*
1818-John Taylor (C. J.), William Shields, John P. Hampton, and Powhatan Ellis. Joshua G. Clarke succeeded Shields, resigned.
1821-Walter Leake succeeded Taylor, deceased, Hampton be- coming chief justice.
1822-Richard Stockton succeeded Clarke, resigned; Louis Win- ston succeeded Shields, resigned.
1824-Edward Turner succeeded Winston, resigned.
1825-Joshua Child succeeded Stockton, resigned; Isaar Caldwell succeeded Ellis, resigned.
1826-John Black succeeded Caldwell.
1827-George Winchester succeeded Hampton, resigned. 1829-Harry Cage succeeded Winchester, resigned; Isaac R. Nicholson was appointed judge of the new district that was created; Turner became chief justice.
1831-Alexander Montgomery succeeded Child, resigned.
1832-William L. Sharkey succeeded Turner, resigned; George W. Smyth succeeded Cage resigned; Eli Houston suc- ceeded Black, resigned. Name of court was changed to " High Court of Errors and Appeals," judges to be elected. 1833-William L. Sharkey (chief justice), Cotesworth P. Smith, and Daniel B. Wright.
1838-P. Rutulius R. Pray succeeded Smith; James F. Trotter succeeded Wright, resigned.
1840-Cotesworth P. Smith (by appointment) succeeded Pray, de- ceased; Edward Turner elected to succeed Pray.
*Mr. Smedes in the preface to his digest (1847) makes this note : "On application to the secretary of state, I found that no records had been kept of commissions to the different judges who had presided in the old Superior Court. It was impossible, therefore, to procure any accurate in- formation from that office of the period of appointment and duration of office of the respective judges." This list Is based upon Claiborne's Mississippi, Goodspeed's Memoirs, Lynch's Beach and Bar, and Walker's Report. In these accounts there are, however, conflicting statements.
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1842-Reuben Davis (by appointment) succeeded Trotter, re- signed; Alexander M. Clayton elected to succeed Davis.
1843-Joseph S. B. Thacher succeeded Turner.
1850-Cotesworth P. Smith succeeded Thacher.
1851-Collin S. Tarpley (by appointment) succeeded Sharkey, re- signed; William Yerger elected to succeed Sharkey, Smith becoming chief justice.
1852-Ephraim S. Fisher succeeded Clayton.
1853-Alexander H. Handy succeeded Yerger.
1858-William L. Harris succeeded Fisher, resigned.
1863-David W. Hurst succeeded Smith, deceased, Handy becom- ing chief justice.
1866-Court reorganized with A. H. Handy chief justice, William L. Harris and Henry T. Ellett associates.
1868-Thomas G. Shackelford (chief justice), Ephraim G. Peyton, E. Jeffords, by appointment from a military commandant, succeeded the three supreme judges, resigned.
1870-Name of court changed to " Supreme Court of Mississippi," judges made appointive-E. G. Peyton (chief justice), H. T. Simrall, and Jonathan Tarbell.
1876-Hamilton H. Chalmers succeeded Peyton, deceased; J. A. P. Campbell succeeded Tarbell, Simrall becoming chief justice.
1879-James Z. George succeeded Simrall, resigned, and became chief justice.
1881-Timothy E. Cooper succeeded George, resigned to enter United States Senate, Chambers becoming chief justice.
1882-J. A. P. Campbell became chief justice, being senior asso- ciate.
1884-Timothy E. Cooper became chief justice.
1885-James M. Arnold succeeded Chalmers, deceased.
1888-J. M. Arnold became chief justice.
1889-Thomas H. Woods succeeded Arnold, resigned, becoming chief justice.
1891-J. A. P. Campbell became chief justice.
1891-Albert H. Whitfield succeeded Campbell, Cooper becoming chief justice.
1894-Albert H. Whitfield succeeded Campbell, Cooper becoming chief justice.
1896-Thomas R. Stockdale succeeded Cooper, resigned, Woods becoming chief justice.
1897-Samuel H. Terral succeeded Stockdale, Woods becoming chief justice.
1900-S. S. Calhoon succeeded Woods, resigned, Whitfield becom- ing chief justice.
1903-A. H. Whitfield reappointed and continued as chief justice. 1903-J. H. Price succeeded S. H. Terral, resigned. Jeff Truly succeeded J. H. Price, resigned.
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HISTORY OF MISSISSIPPI
1906-R. B. Mayes succeeded Judge Truly, whose term had expired.
1908-R. V. Fletcher filled unexpired term of Judge Calhoon, deceased.
1909-S. M. Smith appointed to succeed Judge Fletcher.
SUPERINTENDENTS OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
1870-Henry R. Pease.
1874-T. W. Cardozo (colored).
1876-Thomas S. Gathright appointed to succeed Cardozo, who resigned to prevent impeachment; Joseph Bardwell ap- pointed to succeed Gathright, resigned.
1878-James A. Smith.
1886-J. R. Preston.
1896-A. A. Kincannon, resigned.
1898-Henry L. Whitfield.
1907-J. N. Powers.
UNITED STATES SENATORS
1817-Thomas H. Williams and Walter Leake.
1821-David Holmes succeeded Leake, resigned.
1825-Powhatan Ellis (by appointment) succeeded Holmes, re- signed.
1826-Thomas B. Reed elected to fill out the term of Holmes.
1827-Powhatan Ellis succeeded Reed to Holmes' seat; Reed suc- ceeded Williams.
1830-Robert H. Adams succeeded Reed, deceased; George Poin- dexter succeeded Adams, deceased.
1832-John Black (by appointment) succeeded Ellis, resigned.
1833-John Black elected for full term to take Ellis' seat.
1836-Robert J. Walker succeeded Poindexter.
1838-James F. Trotter succeeded Black, resigned: Thomas H. Williams (by appointment) succeeded Trotter, resigned. 1839-John Henderson elected for full term to Black's seat. 1845-Jesse Speight succeeded Henderson: Joseph W. Chalmers (by appointment) succeeded Walker, resigned.
1846-Joseph W. Chalmers elected to fill out unexpired term of Walker.
1847-Jefferson Davis (by appointment) succeeded Speight, de- ceased; H. S. Foote succeeded Chalmers.
1848-Jefferson Davis elected as Speight's successor.
1851-John J. McRae ( by appointment) succeeded Davis, resigned. 1852-Stephen Adams elected for a full term to Davis' seat; Walter Brooke succeeded Foote, resigned.
1853-Albert G. Brown elected to fill out unexpired term of Brooke; retired January 12, 1861. (Mississippi having passed an ordinance of secession January 9th).
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ยท1857-Jefferson Davis succeeded Adams; retired January 12, 1861. 1870-Adelbert Ames and Hiram G. Revels (colored), first sena- tors from Mississippi for more than nine years.
1871-James L. Alcorn succeeded Revels.
1874-Henry R. Pease succeeded Ames, resigned.
1875 -- Blanche K. Bruce (colored) succeeded Peasc.
1877-L. Q. C. Lamar succeeded Alcorn.
1881-James Z. George succeeded Bruce.
1885-Edward C. Walthall (by appointment) succeeded Lamar, resigned; elected to fill out unexpired term of Lamar.
1889-Walthall elected for a full term to Lamar's seat.
1894-Anselm. J. McLaurin elected to succeed Walthall, resigned.
1895-Walthall succeeded McLaurin.
1896-H. D. Money elected for a full term to succeed George, deceased.
1897-Money elected to fill out unexpired term of George.
1898-William V. Sullivan (by appointment) succeeded Walthall, deceased.
1900-Sullivan elected to fill out unexpired term of Walthall; A. J. McLaurin elected to succeed Sullivan for term be- ginning March, 1901.
1904-Money and McLaurin elected to succeed themselves.
- 1908-J. S. Williams elected to succeed Money.
1909-James Gordon appointed to succeed McLaurin, deceased.
1910-LeRoy Percy elected to fill out McLaurin's unexpired term.
TERRITORIAL DELEGATES IN CONGRESS FROM THE TERRITORY OF MISSISSIPPI
1801-Narsworthy Hunter.
1802-Thomas M. Green succeeded Hunter, deceased.
1803-Dr. William Lattimore.
1807-George Poindexter.
1813-Dr. William Lattimore.
REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI IN THE LOWER HOUSE OF CONGRESS
1817-George Poindexter.
1819-Christopher Rankin.
1821-Christopher Rankin.
1823-Christopher Rankin.
1825-Christopher Rankin.
1826-William Haile succeded Rankin, deceased.
1827-William Haile.
1828-Thomas Hinds succeeded Haile, resigned.
1829-Thomas Hinds,
1831-Franklin E. Plummer.
1833-Franklin E. Plummer and Harry Cage.
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HISTORY OF MISSISSIPPI
1835-David Dixon and J. F. H. Claiborne.
1836-Samuel J. Gholson succeded Dixon, deceased.
1837-J. F. H. Claiborne and Samuel J. Gholson elected for specia: session, but were seated for entire session of two years. S. S. Prentiss and Thomas J. Ward unseated them after the regular election in November, but were themselves refused seats.
1838-S. S. Prentiss and Thomas J. Ward elected at a special election.
1839-Albert G. Brown and Jacob Thompson.
1841-Jacob Thompson and William M. Gwin.
1843-Jacob Thompson, William M. Hammett, Tilghman M. Tucker, and R. W. Roberts.
1845-Jacob Thompson, R. W. Roberts, Jefferson Davis, and Stephen Adams.
1846-Henry T. Ellett succeeded Jefferson Davis, resigned.
1847-Jacob Thompson, A. G. Brown, W. S. Featherstone, and P. W. Tompkins.
1849-Jacob Thompson, A. G. Brown, W. S. Featherstone, and William McWillie.
1851-B. D. Nabors, John A. Wilcox, John D. Freeman, and A. G. Brown.
- 1853-William Barksdale, William S. Barry, Otho R. Singleton, Wiley P. Harris, and Daniel B. Wright.
1855-William Barksdale, Daniel B. Wright, William A. Lake, H. S. Bennett, and John A. Quitman.
1857-William Barksdale, Reuben Davis, L. Q. C. Lamar, Otho R. Singleton, and John A. Quitman.
1858-John J. McRae succeeded Quitman, deceased.
1859-William Barksdale, Reuben Davis, L. Q. C. Lamar, Otho R. Singleton, and John J. McRae. Lamar resigned De- cember, 1860, to become a candidate for election to the secession convention. The other members retired Jan- uary 12, 1861. Mississippi passed an ordinance of seces- sion January 9th.
1870-George E. Harris, J. L. Morphis, H. W. Barry, George C. McKee, and L. W. Perce were the first representatives from Mississippi since the War between the States. These representatives were elected on November 30 and De- cember 1, 1869, to fill the vacancies then existing and for a full term beginning March, 1871. They all, except Barry, took their seats for the first time February 23, 1870. Barry was seated April Sth.
1873-L. Q. C. Lamar, A. R. Howe, H. W. Barry, Jason Niles, and George C. McKee.
1875-L. Q. C. Lamar, G. Wiley Wells. Hernando D. Money, Otho R. Singleton, Charles E. Hooker, and John R. Lynch (colored).
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APPENDIX
1877-Henry L. Muldrow, Van H. Manning, H. D. Money, Otho R. Singleton, Charles E. Hooker, and James R. Chalmers. 1879-Henry L. Muldrow, Van H. Manning, H. D. Money, Otho K. Singleton, Charles E. Hooker, and James R. Chalniers. 1881-Henry L. Muldrow, Van H. Manning, H. D. Money, Otho . R. Singleton, Charles E. Hooker, and John R. Lynch ( colored ).
1883-Henry L .. Muldrow, Van H. Manning, E. Jeffords, H. D. Money, Otho R. Singleton, H. S. Van Eaton, Ethelbert Barksdale.
1884-James R. Chalmers, unseated Manning after a contest June 25th.
1885-John M. Allen, James B. Morgan, Thomas C. Catchings, F. G. Barry, Otho R. Singleton, H. S. Van Eaton, and Ethel- bert Barksdale.
1887-John M. Allen, James B. Morgan, Thomas C. Catchings, F. G. Barry, C. L. Anderson, Thomas R. Stockdale, and Charles E. Hooker.
1889-John M. Allen, James B. Morgan, Thomas C. Catchings, Clarke Lewis, C. L. Anderson, Thomas R. Stockdale, and Charles E. Hooker.
1891-John M. Allen, John C. Kyle, Thomas C. Catchings, Clarke Lewis, Joseph H. Beeman, Thomas R. Stockdale, and Charles E. Hooker.
1893-John M. Allen, John C. Kyle, Thomas C. Catchings, H. D. Money, John S. Williams, Thomas R. Stockdale, Charles E. Hooker.
1895-John M. Allen, John C. Kyle, Thomas C. Catchings. H. D. Money, John S. Williams, Walter M. Denny, James G. Spencer.
1897-John M. Allen, William V. Sullivan, Thomas C. Catchings, Andrew F. Fox, John S. Williams, William F. Love, Patrick Henry.
1898-Thomas Spight succeeded Sullivan, resigned; Frank A. MeLain succeeded Love, deceased.
1899-John M. Allen, Thomas Spight, Thomas C. Catchings, Andrew F. Fox, John S. Williams, Frank A. McLain, Patrick Henry.
1901-E. S. Candler, Jr., Thomas Spight, Patrick Henry, Andrew Fuller Fox, Jolin S. Williams, Frank A. McLain, Charles E. Hooker.
1903-E. S. Candler, Jr., Thomas Spight, B. G. Humphreys, W. S. Hill, A. M. Byrd, E. J. Bowers, Frank A. McLain, Jolin S. Williams.
1905-E. S. Candler, Jr., Thomas Spight, B. G. Humphreys, W. S. Hill, A. M. Byrd, E. J. Bowers, Frank A. McLain, John S. Williams.
1907-E. S. Candler, Jr., Thomas Spight, B. G. Humphreys, W. S.
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HISTORY OF MISSISSIPPI
Hill, A. M. Byrd, E. J. Bowers, Frank A. McLain, John S. Williams.
1909-E. S. Candler, Jr., Thomas Spight, B. G. Humphreys, T. U. Sisson, A. M. Byrd, E. J. Bowers, W. A. Dickson, J. W. Collier.
SENATORS FROM MISSISSIPPI IN THE CONFEDERATE CONGRESS
1862-Albert Gallatin Brown and James Phelan.
1 1864-Albert Gallatin Brown and John W. C. Watson.
REPRESENTATIVES IN THE CONFEDERATE CONGRESS
1862-Ethelbert Barksdale, Henry C. Chambers, J. W. Clapp, Reuben Davis, John J. McRae, Otho R. Singleton, Israel Welsh.
1864-Ethelbert Bark-dale, Henry C. Chambers, W. D. Holder, John T. Lamkin, Jehu A. Orr, Otho R. Singleton, Israel Welsh.
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THE CONSTITUTION
OF
THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
ADOPTED NOVEMBER 1, A. D. 1890
We, the people of Mississippi, in convention assembled, grateful to Almighty God, and invoking his blessing on our work, do ordain and establish this constitution.
ARTICLE I .- DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS.
SECTION 1. The powers of the government of the State of Mis- sissippi shall be divided into three distinct departments, and each of them confided to a separate magistracy, to wit: those which are legislative to one; those which are judicial to another; and those which are executive to another.
SECTION 2. No person or collection of persons, being one, or belonging to one, of these departments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the others. The acceptance of an office in either of said departments shall, of itself, and at once, vacate any and all offices held by the person so accepting in either of the other departments.
ARTICLE II .- BOUNDARIES OF THE STATE.
SECTION 3. The limits and boundaries of the State of Mississippi are as follows, to wit: Beginning on the Mississippi River (mean- ing thereby the centre of said river or thread of the stream) where the southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee strikes the same, as run by B. A. Ludlow, D. W. Connelly, and W. Petrie. commissioners appointed for that purpose on the part of the State of Mississippi in A. D. 1837, and J. D. Graham and Austin Miller, commissioners appointed for that purpose on the part of the State of Tennessee; thence east along the said boundary line of the State of Tennessee to a point on the west bank of the Tennessee River, six four-pole chains south of and above the mouth of Yellow Creek; thence up the said river to the mouth of Bear Creek; thence by a direct line to what was formerly the northwest corner of the county of Washington, Alabama; thence on a direct line to a point ten miles east of the Pascagoula River on the Gulf of Mexico; thence westwardly, including all the
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CONSTITUTION OF THE
islands within six leagues of the shore, to the most eastern junction of Pearl River with Lake Borgne; thence up said Pearl River to the thirty-first degree of north latitude; thence west along said degree of latitude to the middle or thread of the stream of the Mississippi River; thence up the middle of the Mississippi River, or thread of the stream, to the place of begin- ning, including all islands lying east of the thread of the stream of said river, and also including all lands which were at any time heretofore a part of this State.
SECTION 4. The legislature shall have power to consent to the acquisition of additional territory by this State and to make the same a part thereof; and the legislature may settle disputed boundaries between this State and its coterminous States when- ever such disputes arise.
ARTICLE III .- BILL OF RIGHTS.
SECTION 5. All political power is vested in, and derived from, the people; all government of right originates with the people, is founded upon their will only, and is instituted solely for the good of the whole.
SECTION 6. The people of this State have the inherent, sole, and exclusive right to regulate the internal government and police thereof, and to alter and abolish their constitution and form of government whenever they may deem it necessary to their safety and happiness; provided, such change be not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States.
SECTION 7. The right to withdraw from the Federal Union, on account of any real or supposed grievance, shall never be assumed by this State, nor shall any law be passed in derogation of the paramount allegiance of the citizens of this State to the government of the United States.
SECTION 8. All persons resident in this State, citizens of the United States, are hereby declared citizens of the State of Mississippi.
SECTION 9. The military snail be in strict subordination to the civil power.
SECTION 10. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war against the same or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.
SECTION 11. The right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government on any subject shall never be impaired.
SECTION 12. The right of every citizen to keep and bear arms in defence of his home, person, or property, or in aid of the civil power when thereto legally summoned, shall not be called in question; but the legislature may regulate or forbid carrying concealed weapons.
SECTION 13. The freedom of speech and of the press shall be held sacred, and in all prosecutions for libel the truth may be
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STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
given in evidence, and the jury shall determine the law and the facts under the direction of the court; and if it shall appear to the jury that the matter charged as libellous is true, and was published with good motives and for justifiable ends, the party shall be acquitted.
SECTION 14. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, except by due process of law.
SECTION 15. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in this State otherwise than in the punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.
SECTION 16. Ex post facto laws, or laws impairing the obliga- tion of contracts shall not be passed.
SECTION 17. Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public , use except on due compensation being first made to the owner or owners thereof in a manner to be prescribed by law; and whenever an attempt is made to take private property for a use alleged to be public, the question whether the contem- plated use be public shall be a judicial question, and as such determined without regard to legislative assertion that the use is public.
SECTION 18. No religious test as a qualification for office shall be required; and no preference shall be given by law to any religious sect, or mode of worship; but the free enjoyment of all religious sentiments and the different modes of worship shall be held sacred. The rights hereby secured shall not be construed to justify acts of licentiousness injurious to morals or dangerous to the peace and safety of the State, or to exclude the Holy Bible from use in any public school of this State.
SECTION 19. Human life shall not be imperilled by the practice of duelling; and any citizen of this State who shall hereafter fight a duel, or assist in the same as second, or send, accept, or knowingly carry a challenge therefor, whether such act be done in the State or out of it, or who shall go out of the State to fight a duel, or to assist in the same as second, or to send, accept, or carry a challenge, shall be disqualified from holding any office under this constitution, and shall be disfranchised.
SECTION 20. No person shall be elected or appointed to office in this State for life or during good behavior, but the term of all offices shall be for some specified period.
SECTION 21. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it, nor ever without the authority of the legislature.
SECTION 22. No person's life or liberty shall be twice placed in jeopardy for the same offence; but there must be an actual acquittal or conviction on the merits to bar another prosecution.
SECTION 23. The people shall be secure in their persons, houses, and possessions, from unreasonable seizure or search; and no warrant shall be issued without probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, specially designating the place to be searched and the person or thing to be seized.
4
CONSTITUTION OF THE
SECTION 24. All courts shall be open; and every person for an injury done him in his lands, goods, person, or reputation, shall have remedy by due course of law, and right and justice shall be administered without sale, denial, or delay.
SECTION 25. No person shall be debarred from prosecuting or defending any civil cause, for or against him or herself, before any tribunal in this State, by him or herself, or counsel, or both.
SECTION 26. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have a right to be heard by himself or counsel, or both, to demand the nature and cause of the accusation, to be confronted by the wit- nesses against him, to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and in all prosecutions by indictment or information, a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the county where the offence was committed; and he shall not be compelled to give evidence against himself; but in prosecutions for rape, adultery, fornication, sodomy, or the crime against nature, the court may in its discretion exclude from the court room all persons except such as are necessary in the conduct of the trial.
SECTION 27. No person shall, for any indictable offence, be proceeded against criminally by information, except in cases aris- ing in the land or naval forces, or the militia when in actual service, or by leave of the court for misdemeanor in office; but the legislature, in cases not punishable by death or by imprison- ment in the penitentiary, may dispense with the inquest of the grand jury, and may authorize prosecutions before justices of the peace, or such other inferior court or courts as may be estab- lished, and the proceedings in such cases shall be regulated by law.
SECTION 28. Cruel or unusual punishment shall not be inflicted, nor excessive fines be imposed.
SECTION 29. Excessive bail shall not be required; and all per- sons shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offences when the proof is evident or presump- tion great.
SECTION 30. There shall be no imprisonment for debt.
SECTION 31. The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate.
SECTION 32. The enumeration of rights in this constitution shall not be construed to deny or impair others retained by, and inherent in, the people.
ARTICLE IV .- LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.
SECTION 33. The legislative power of this State shall be vested in the legislature, which shall consist of a senate and a house of representatives.
. SECTION 34. The house of representatives shall consist of members chosen every four years by the qualified electors of the several counties and the representative districts.
SECTION 35. The senate shall consist of members to be chosen every four years by the qualified electors of the several districts.
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STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
SECTION 36. The legislature shall meet at the seat of govern- ment in regular session, on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January of the year A. D. 1892, and every four years thereafter; and in special session on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January of the year A. D. 1894, and every four years thereafter, unless sooner convened by the governor. The special sessions shall not continue longer than thirty days unless the governor, deeming the public interest to require it, shall extend the sitting, by proclamation in writing, to be sent to and entered upon the journals of each house, for a specific number of days, and then . it may continue in session to the expiration of that time. At such special sessions the members shall receive not more com- pensation or salary than ten cents mileage, and a per diem of not exceeding five dollars; and none but appropriation and revenue bills shall be considered, except such other matters as may be acted upon at an extraordinary session called by the governor.
SECTION 37. Elections for members of the legislature shall be held in the several counties and districts as provided by law.
SECTION 38. Each house shall elect its own officers, and shall judge of the qualifications, return, and election of its own members.
SECTION 39. The senate shall choose a president pro tempore to act in the absence or disability of its presiding officer.
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