An illustrated history of the state of Montana, containing biographical mention of its pioneers and prominent citizens, Part 1

Author: Miller, Joaquin, 1837-1913. cn
Publication date: 1894
Publisher: Chicago, The Lewis pub. co.
Number of Pages: 1216


USA > Montana > An illustrated history of the state of Montana, containing biographical mention of its pioneers and prominent citizens > Part 1


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Gc 978.6 M611 1483468


M. LI


GENEALOGY COLLECTION


ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01066 8751


ANY


ILLUSTRATED HISTORY


-OF-


The State of Montana,


Containing a History of the State of Montana from the Earliest Period of its Discovery to the Present Time, together with Glimpses of its Auspicious Future; Illustrations and full-page portraits of some of its Eminent Men, and Biographical Mention of many of its Pioneers and Prominent Citizens of to-day.


BY JOAQUIN MILLER.


"A people that take no pride in the noble achievements of remote ancestors will never achieve anything worthy to be remembered with pride by remote descendants."-MACAULAY.


CHICAGO: THE LEWIS PUBLISHING CO. 1894.


1483468


INTRODUCTION.


ENEROUSLY employed to write the history of Montana, if I have failed to make it of in- terest and profit to all concerned, the fault is entirely my own; for never had man such material at hand. As a rule, the history of a great land is a history of wars, schemes, marches and counter-marches, miseries, victories, defeats, and all the petty deeds of selfish men. Here, great men in the glorious pursuits of peace laid the foundation stones withont cement of blood, and reared a great State out of material fresh from the hand of God. I may have failed, but, humbly, I have done my best. To have done less had been treason. For all I am, or hope to be, is due entirely to the mountains, here and elsewhere, and I could have undertaken nothing of this sort nearly so well as this work here before me. Nor could I have been induced to undertake the story of any other land or State than Montana, whose very name signifies my home, as boy and man, for nearly half a century.


My mountains still are free; They hurl oppression back, They keep the boon of liberty.


And this has been the history of all nations from the dawn of civilization. Take Scotland, her literature, her philosophy, love of liberty, religion, statesmanship, loyalty and valor, whether of common soldier or king, entirely out of the grand story of the British empire and you will have little left outside of craft and trade to distinguish Albion above the ordinary nations that make up the unhappy history of the contentious world.


The mountains have ever been the bulwarks of freedom. Valor is born there, virtue is cherished there, and these are the seeds of song and story. No land ever yet had a literature to endure that had not thesc for its theme, these offsprings of the pure, sweet atmosphere and sublime splendor of inspiring mountains; and the more glorions the mountains the inore glorious the song and story. What then may we not prophesy for Montana when her now torn and devastated placer fields are terraced vineyards, as in Savoy, and the peace and rest of the old pastoral days of Greece shall possess her?


Meantime, our task is with the hard facts of to-day and the days mainly still within the memory of man, that the dramatic story of the brave men and virtnous women who gathered about the cradle of the infant Mentana may not be lost to those who come after us. And the task is a serions one, serious in its responsibilities, serions in the fact that we look back over a billowy sea of graves. For so many brave men died! Some died even on the way here, before they could yet look down from the mountains into the thousand pretty vales that promised to them and their children snch happy homes. Some fell from exposure and over-toil, some from battle with savages, some died even as they sat for the first time by the new-laid hearth-stone waiting for wife and babe to come with the first wild flowers of spring. It is our duty, sad though it be, to see that they and their valorons endeavors shall not be despised.


Does the world well understand what it cost to come here in the old days? The Pilgrim Fathers set foot in ship and landed on Plymouth Rock. The cavaliers of Virginia sailed pleas- antly up the James river and scarcely knew what a camp in the wilderness meant till they sat down in their future dooryards. Even the Argonauts of California, many of them, merely sailed from port to port. But here lay Montana, a thousand miles from any sea; a wilderness in the very heart of an untrodden wilderness, with savages on the four sides of her and savages in her every pass and valley. And so it was that no man ever set foot here among the first who was not in some sense a soldier; aye, a veteran soldier who had mastered and marched and battled and bivouacked, endured hunger and cold and heat and all that the bravest and most unselfish soldier endures for at least his full half year of service before he even got sight of the promised land. And there was this bitter difference between the Montana veteran and the bravest of the brave in any war that has ever been. The soldier of Cæsar, Napoleon, Grant, had the government to feed him, clothe him, pay and pension him; but the hero of Montana stood alone. There is nothing in all the history of civilization more pathetic, more dramatic than this untold story of the Montana veteran.


But as the endurance and exile of the Puritans only made them the more liberty-loving and liberal-minded in the end, as expatriation only made the valorous and courtly cavalier the more courtly and valorous, and as the wild ventures of the romantic and poetic searchers for the golden fleece only made the Argonaut the more a romancer and poet, so may we not prophesy that our larger experience in this larger land may, as time surges forward, show larger results in all that ennobles man and makes life glorious.


It is not for the historian to magnify facts, much less to emphasize what the finger of God has written. But shall these two mighty rivers of this continent, nursed at the bosom of Mon- tana, remain forever mute and unsung? The lines and laws of God gave to Montana all the marvels of Yellowstone. Man has not given Montana so much, but he could not take away the gates; and Montana shall sit forever with the keys of Yellowstone Park in her hand, whatever man may do or say.


In truth, whichever way you turn, whatever you may say of valor and endurance, whatever you may see in the magnificence of nature, be it river or mountain, lake of fire or high-heaved chain of frost, Montana stands matchless, peerless and alone.


Garmented in silver and in gold, a diadem of precious stones, a mantle of white or green or gold about her stately figure as the seasons come and go, there she stands above the world. The air is very clear on every side, that you may see her well. And but for the fear of not being able to do justice to her and hers, how happy the employment reluctantly ventured upon. But what- ever comes of it, nothing can rob me of the pride and the glory of having stood by the cradle of this now stateliest State in all the sisterhood and studied her features years before she even had a name. Ilappy those who were with us among the first, and those who came after and still survive; and thrice happy those who shall come when song and story still keep onr memories green and Montana has taken her place in the literature of the world, as Scotland has in the liter- ature of the British empire. JOSQUIN MILLER.


CONTENTS.


PART I. FROM THE EARLIEST DATE TO THE GREAT GOLD AND SILVER DISCOVERIES. CHAPTER I.


THE NAME OF MONTANA-FOOTPRINTS OF THE FRENCH-SPANISH POSSESSIONS .9


CHAPTER II.


THE OREGON RIVER-THE SHIP COLUMBIA AND MORE OF THE GREAT EASTERN RIVER- THE BRITISH NAVY IN AMERICAN WATERS. .21


CHLAPTER III.


THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE -- THE FIRST VOYAGE BY WAY OF THE LONG-SOUGHT NORTH- WEST PASSAGE- SPANISH INTERFERENCE 2.4


CHAPTER IV.


FIRST OFFICIAL REPORTS ON THE ANIMALS, CLIMATE, SOIL AND SCENERY OF MONTANA .... .30


CHAPTER V.


DISCOVERY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE GREAT FALLS -- REMARKABLE EXPLOSIONS SILVER. ... 39


CHAPTER VI.


DIPLOMACY -- BATTLES ON PAPER-ROBERT E. LEE-JEFFERSON DAVIS-T. H. BENTON


AND JOHN C. FREMONT. .46


CHAPTER VII.


BENTON IN THE SENATE -- FREMONT IN THE FIELD OF EXPLORATION -NORTHWEST PASSAGE TO INDIA --- STILL HALTING THE BRITISH LION .. .. 55


CHAPTER VIII.


ARGONAUTS OF THE NEW WORLD EARLIEST DISCOVERIES OF GOLD DUST VIRGIN GOLD DUST FOUND BY CORTEZ ON ILIS MEN IN THE AZTEC TEMPLE TO THE SUN -THE GOLD- BELTED COUNTRY -FIRST GOLD FOUND IN CALIFORNIA AND OREGON. .65


vi


CONTENTS.


CHAPTER IX.


THE GOLDEN ROAD TO MONTANA-ORO FINO -- ELK CITY-THE MOUNT IDAHO MINES A " RUSH." . 102


CHAPTER X.


A PIONEERS' PONY EXPRESS RIDER, IKE MOSSMAN -- SOME SUBSTANTIAL PROTESTS AGAINST ALLEGED " HISTORY," AND IN BEHALF OF TRUTHI. 126


CHAPTER XI.


WHERE DOES GOLD COME FROM ?- SPECULATION-GEOLOGICAL-GEOLOGY WITHOUT BOOKS. . . . 139 CHAPTER XII.


ROCKY MOUNTAINS NOT ROCKY-THE COLD MONTHS NOT COLD-FIRST MINING IN MON-


TANA BY OREGONIANS. .146


CHAPTER XIII.


THE FIRST GOLD FOUND IN MONTANA BY CALIFORNIANS -THE FIRST MINING-SOME IN- TELLIGENT CALIFORNIA MINERS 156


CHAPTER XIV.


THE INFANT CRYING ALOUD IN ITS CRADLE-PROSPECTORS -INDIANS -- ALDER CREEK THE


RICHEST PLACER MINES EVER DISCOVERED ON THE FACE OF THE GLOBE. 175


CHAPTER XV.


FAIRWEATHER-ALDER THE BIRTHDAY OF MONTANA-CITY LIVING -- THE TENDERFOOT-


INCIDENT AND ANECDOTE 227


CHAPTER XVI.


THE EYES OF THE WORLD LIFTED TO THE " SHINING MOUNTAINS" -- THE PLEAIDES-WIDEN- ING OF THE GOLD BELTS-AN INCREASING AND TUMULTUOUS POPULATION -- VIGILANTES GENERAL SHERMAN'S ESTIMATE OF THEM. 252


CHAPTER XVII.


THE BENCH AND BAR OF MONTANA, THE FIRST CHAPTER, BY EX-CHIEF JUSTICE DEVIL'S S. WADE-THE PLANTING AND GROWTH OF LAW -PIONEERS AND EQUITY -- VIGILANTES AND THE RIGHT OF SELF-DEFENSE -- A COMPANY'S PROSECUTION IN THE NAME OF THE PEOPLE - LAWYERS WHO PRACTICED LAW IN MONTANA BEFORE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF OTHER THAN MINERS' LAW -1862 TO 1864. .260


vii


CONTENTS.


CHAPTER XVIII.


THE RICHEST CITY IN THE WORLD, HELENA- A GEORGIA GOLD MINE-THE RISING AND RECEDING TIDES OF MINING CAMPS-TENDERFEET-FIRST MAGISTRATE-FIRST MAR- RIAGE IN HELENA-DEVELOPMENT OF SILVER BOW AND BUTTE -- RIVERS OF SILVER FLOWING FROM BLACKENED ROCKS-1864 TO 1866 .271


PART II. POLITICAL AND MODERN HISTORY. CHAPTER XIX.


MONTANA TERRITORY-THE FIRST JUDICIAL OFFICER-LAW AND ORDER-THE HIGH SOCIAL ELEMENTS OF THE SUMMIT EMPIRE-POLITICAL HISTORY-FUSING AND MELTING TO- GETHER OF MEN .292


CHAPTER XX.


SECOND CHAPPER ON THE BENCH AND BAR, BY JUDGE DECIUS S. WADE-THE JUDICIAL VESTMENT OF THE ORGANIC ACT FOR THE NEW TERRITORY-JUDICIAL DISTRICTS AND THE FIRST JUDGES TO SIT ON THE BENCH -- MONTANA WELL SUPPLIED WITH ABLE JURISTS-TERM OF OFFICE- THE BANNACK STATUTES THAT SET THE MACHINERY OF LAW IN MOTION-STRENGTH OF THE BAR- OLD LAWYERS AND NEW LAWS-MINING LAWS AND WATER RIGHTS -- THE FOUNDATIONS OF A TEMPLE TO ENDURE -- NAMES OF SOME PROMINENT LAWYERS-SECOND, THIRD AND FOURTH LEGISLATURES THE CALI- FORNIA PRACTICE ACT-THE NEW CHIEF JUSTICE-ASSOCIATES-FIRST VOLUME OF MONTANA REPORTS-FIRST GREAT QUESTION IN COURT -- 1864 To 1870. .308


CHAPTER XXI.


THE FIRST PATRIOT AS GOVERNOR OF MONTANA-ILLEGAL LEGISLATURES-CONTENTIOUS CON- VENTIONS-COLONIAL WARS WITHIN AND AT THE GATES OF MONTANA-A USEFUL CON- VENTON-PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL PROGRESS. .. . 325


CHAPTER XXII.


THE INDIAN WARS OF MONTANA-THE TREACHERY OF INDIANS TOWARD THEIR FRIENDS MEANNESS AND IMBECILITY OF CONGRESS IN DEALING WITH MONTANA-GRANT'S WIS- DOM-1868 To 1872 .339


vill


CONTENTS.


CHAPTER XXIII.


THIRD CHAPTER ON THE BENCH AND BAR, BY EX-CHIEF JUSTICE WADE-CODIFICATION AND COMPLETION OF LAWS-THE CALIFORNIA PRACTICE ACT ADOPTED-PRESIDENT GRANT'S APPOINTMENT OF CHIEF JUSTICE WADE-WARM WELCOME IN A SUPPOSED COLD LAND -THE MONTANA LAWYERS-THE FIRST GREAT MINING CASE-NEW WINE IN OLD BOTTLES-BRILLIANT LAWYERS-TERRITORIAL PROTECTION OF WATER RIGHTS-ALIEN ACT VOID-MINERAL LANDS. .. 350


CHAPTER XXIV.


THE FIRST FEDERAL SURVEYORS-FIRST PUBLIC BUILDINGS-GOVERNORS ASHLEY AND POTTS OF OHIO THE TERRITORIAL CAPITAL -- POLITICAL CONTENTIONS- THE CATHOLICS IN MONTANA-THE THREE GOOD FATHERS CHURCH HISTORY. 409


CHAPTER XXV.


THE GEOLOGICAL AND SCIENTIFIC SURVEYS OF MONTANA -- THE' YELLOWSTONE PARK-ARE THE GREAT GEYSERS NEW OR OLD ?. .422


CHAPTER XXVI.


PROGRESSIVE MONTANA-SOME POLITICAL HISTORY-MANY LAWS AND MANY LEGISLATORS -GOVERNOR POTTS AND REFORMS-NEW RAILROADS AND NEW GOVERNORS-IMPORTANT PUBLICATIONS . . 434


CHAPTER XXVII.


BLOODY SPOT IN MONTANA-WAR WITH THE SIOUX-GENERAL CROOK'S BATTLE ON THE ROSEBUD-C'ENERAL CUSTER'S LAST CAMPAIGN-COLONEL CUSTER-LIEUTENANTS CAL- HOUN AND CRITTENDEN. .441


CHLAPTER XXVIII.


MONTANA INDIANS THE INDIAN AS A WHITE MAN-SITTING BULL DRIVEN OUT OF MON- TANACHHER JOSEPH'S FLIGHT ACROSS MONTANA -- DEATH OF SITTING BULL-PERIOD FROM THE DEATH OF CUSTER TO THE DEATH OF SITTING BULL .. .460


CHAPTER XXIX.


PLACER MINING - PROFIT AND LOSS REDUCED TO SCIENTIFIC CALCULATION -- MONTANA'S GOLD PRODUCT UP TO 1849 -- ORIGINAL DEPOSITS -- GOLD DUST -- THE MILLS OF GOD-How GorD Dust Gor To MISSOURI AND OTHER REMOTE PLACES-PROSPECTING BY THE LIGHT OF SCIENCE MONTANA MINERALS PRECIOUS STONES WATER AND WOOD-IRON C'APS IRON DEPOSITS


.517


ix


CONTENTS.


CHAPTER XXX.


RAPID PROGRESS OF MONTANA-COMPLETION OF THE GREAT NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD -- CHANGE OF GOVERNORS-THE AUSTRALIAN BALLOT-INFLUX OF POPULATION-THE CONSTITUTION-THE VOTE FOR THE CONSTITUTION-FIRST ELECTION IN THE STATE OF MONTANA-SILVER STATUE AT THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION . . . 553


CHAPTER XXXI.


HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY IN MONTANA, BY ADELPHUS B. KEITH -- THE VOTE OF SILVER BOW COUNTY-PRECINCT 34-CONTEST FOR SHERIFF-FINDINGS OF SUPREME COURT-THE DEAD-LOCK AND YALE LOCKS-GOVERNOR TOOLE -- LIEUTENANT GOV- ERNOR RICKARDS -- FIRST STATE SENATE-ALLEGED LETTERS-DIDN'T WANT TO GO TO THE LEGISLATURE-TAKEN BY FORCE TO THE LEGISLATIVE HALLS OF MONTANA-FIRST UNITED STATES SENATORS OF MONTANA-THE SECOND LEGISLATURE-ELECTION OF 1892 -THIRD STATE LEGISLATURE-SENTINEL VALLEY .558


CHAPTER XXXII.


HISTORY OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY IN MONTANA, BY SAMUEL WORD, ESQ.,. .592


CHAPTER XXXIII.


A SAMPLE MONTANA CITY-IN THE COW COUNTIES-CATTLE-HORSES-SHEEP-SCHOOL- HOUSES-CHURCHES-PEACE, PLENTY AND UNIVERSAL PROGRESS. .618


CHAPTER XXXIV.


THE BENCH AND BAR-CHANGES ON THE BENCH-ACQUISITIONS TO THE BAR-MINERAL LANDS AND LAWS-IMPORTANT DECISIONS-DEFECTIVE LAWS-COMMENTS ON THE CONSTITUTION -- 1880 To 1894: BY EX-CHIEF JUSTICE WADE .634


CHAPTER XXXV.


STATISTICAL -GOLD-SILVER-COPPER-LEAD-IRON-COAL-HORSES-CATTLE-SHEEP-


WHEAT-OATS-BARLEY-ACREAGE -WATER DITCHES-IRRIGATION -GARDEN AND ORCHARD-STAPLE PRICES UP TO 1892-3. .671


CHAPTER XXXVI.


HISTORY OF THE HELENA BANKS AND BANKERS-THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK IN MONTANA -SOME PRIVATE BANKS AND BAD MANAGEMENTS IN THE EARLY HISTORY -- PRESENT SOLID BASIS OF IIELENA BANKS -HOW BRAVELY THEY ENCOUNTERED THE FINANCIAL CYCLONE -- 1864 To 1894: BY D. G. EDGERTON. ... 685


x


CONTENTS.


CHAPTER XXXVII.


MONTANA MINING-BURIED TREASURES-THE MARVELOUS WEALTH OF MONTANA-HER COUNTIES IN ORDER-EACH COUNTY A KINGDOM RICHER THAN WAS SOLOMON'S: BY DR. G. C. SWALLOW .690


CHAPTER XXXVIII.


THE INDIANS OF MONTANA -- AN APPEAL FOR THEIR PROTECTION -- THE WISDOM OF GRANT AND CLEVELAND -- INDIANS NOT DYING OCT -- A DEMAND FOR AN ARMY OF MOUNTED POLICE IN MONTANA 818


xi


INDEX.


INDEX.


A


Adams, Abner ... 449


Albrecht, William 466


Allen, H. M. .761


Allen, W. A. 390


Allie, A. W. 550


Allison, W. T. 489


American National Bank 744


Angus, Charles.


342


Ashby, S. C. 570


Atchison, J. B. 96


Atkinson, S. E


63


B


Babcock, A. L. 211


Bach, T. C. 166


Bailey, D. J. 213


Bancroft, W. E. 445


Barden, R. P. 732


Barret, A. H. 253


Barrett, Martin 489


Bass, Dudley C 310


Batterton, J. Y 509


Beachly, W. P 705


Beals, J. H 702


Bean, John. 647


Becker, E. S. 290


Beckwith, C. E.


191


Beckwith, G. G.


.386


Bedard, Theodore.


.598


Beley, Frank.


664


Bennett, A. J.


765


Benton, C. H.


250


Berkin, John. 768


Berkin, William.


700


Berry, C. W. 197


Berry, Daniel. 484


Beuschlein, J. A.


604


Bevridge, L ..


105


Bickett, Wm. J. 786


Bickford, W. M. 393


Bielenberg, N. J. 552


Bindewald, H.


640


Bird, J. J. . 191


Blackburn, G. E. 745


Blake, A. S. 704


Blake, Henry N 71


Blakeley, Charles P. 372


Bliss, Harvey 333


Blodget, B. Y


727


Blume, H. J. 87


Bond, J. J. 311


Booker, George.


.136


Bosworth, S. H


.338


Botkin, A. C. 66


Boncher, Frank . 371


Boulder Hot Springs 273


Bowe, William. 643


Boyce, James R., Sr. .669


Boyce, J. R., Jr. 666


Braden, E. B. 107


Braden, E. S. . 82


Bradford, Donald. 540


Connell, M. J .336


Connelly, F. B. 751


Connors, Michael. 128


Conrad Brothers. 510


Conrad, C. E. 510


Conrad, J D. .278


Conrad, W. G 510


Conger, E. J. 775


Cooper, J. B. 756


Cooper, Walter 790


Copper City Commercial Co ... 655


Cornell, Craig 356


Cotter, J. W 756


Cowan, G. F 296


Cox, Peter 353


Crampton, Martha J 282


Crane, George W .303


Crosby, Howard 173


Cruse, Thomas 416


Crutcher, T. E 77


Cullen, T. P. 739


Cullen, W. E. 788


Cummings, T. A .. 373


Cummins, Mrs. M. S. 92


Curtis, C. D 779


Curtis, F. E. 400


C. & D. Mine 426


D


Darnutzer, C. .315


Dart, G. W .. 192


Davidson, A. J. 782


Davidson, C. O.


150


Davidson, James 411


Davidson, R. M. 150


Davis, A. J. .206


Davis, A. J., Jr. 180


Davis, J. E. 294


Davis, J. H. .329


Deacon, Richard. .233


Deletraz, G. F.


Delury, J. M .. 353


Denny, I. G. 198


Deschamps, Gaspard .. .512


Dexter, W. O .. 194


Dickerman, A. E. 787


Dickinson, W. D. .394


Dickinson, Wm. II. H. .398


Dingwall Bros. .477


Dixon, W. W. .208


Dodson, Philip .699


Donaldson, R. M .262 Donnelly, J. J. .481


Dorrity, Matt. .393


Dougherty, J. S .307


Doughty, J. A 135


Douglas, G. A .373


Dow, Alexander. 317


Duer, C. E. 733


Collins, T. E 452


Comly, H. R. 341


Bradshaw, W. C. 459


Brady, T. E .. 137


Brantly, Theo 243


Bray, A. F .. 561


Broad water, C. A. .378


Brophy, P. J .714


Brown, Angus 283


Brown, F. D. 750


Brown, G. M. 758


Brown, Louis .472


Brown, W. L


.703


Brown, William.


559


Browne, David G. 360


Browne, J. A


473


Buck, Amos. 211


Buck, Fred


221


Buck, Henry


733


Buford, S. R.


227


Bullard, Massena


327


Bullard, Wm. M ..


.147


Burns, Alex. F. 580


Burrell, Alex. .398


Busha, C. T


762


Butte Business College .128


C


Campbell, A. J ... 668


Campbell, Andrew .. 549


Campbell, Wm. H. 265


Cannon, C. W 567


Caplice, John. .784


Cardwell, Ed


660


Carter, T. H .. 181


Cascade Bank 63


Catlin, J. B


530


Cave, Alfred.


274


Chaffin, B. S ..


.743


Chaffin, M. P. 461


Chaffin, N. J. 744


Chapple, Henry


.301


Chessman, W. A


.292


Childs, R. H.


701


Choate, Rufus. 104


Clark, H. H. 491


Clark, 11. S.


350


Clark, Joseph K.


467


Clark, W. A. .364


Clarke, A. G. 112


Clayberg, J. B. 728


Clemens, Moses 215


Clewell, T. H 60


Closton, J. E. 496


Cockrell, George. 485


Cockrill, Wm. M. .699


Cohen, D., Sr .339


Cohen, D. Il. 130


Coleman, Wm. 286


Collins, Denis 516


Duffy, John


.553


.531


xii


INDEX.


Dugan, E. O. .547


Dulin, J. L .710


Dunschen, Henry. 587


Dungleberg, D. MI. .. 424


Dunne, E. W .397


Durfee, D. M ... . 406


Durfee, F. M. 423


Dwyer, Daniel .357


Dyer, William


83


E


Eddy, John W 100


Edgar, A. D. 123


Edgerton, E. D


93


Eliot, C. D. 172


Elling, Henry 764


Ellis, J. J. 417


Emerson, Orren. 589


Emirick, G. W. 476


Emmons, Orlando. 716


Engelhorn, H. T 559


England, A. G. 360


Esler, A. M. 97


Evans, J. G 65


Evans, Morgan 470


Evans, N. P. 208


Evans, P. E. 241


Ewing, W. II.


56


F


Fant, J. J. 500


Farlin, W. L. 686


Farrell, T. J 491


Fann, P. W 793


Faul, Joseph.


435


Fenner, Robert .. 497


Fergus, James.


261


Ferguson, Gowan


143


Fifer, M. S. 597


First Nat. Bank of Butte City. .180


First Nat. Bank of Missoula . .. .564


First Nat. Bank of Phillipsburg. 768 Fisher, Robert. 536


Fitschen, G. C .. 276


Flanagan, M. A 376


Flanagin, C. II. . 726


Fletcher, E. I. 471


Flynn, Michael.


749


Foley, Thomas. 725


Forbis, J. F. 209


Ford, R. S. 34


Foster, A. II. 450


Foster, F. HI. 711


Foster, Lee W .229


Frank, H. L. 506


Fraser, Alex 648


French, Milo


French. O. D. 492


Frizelle, C. E. 760


Frizzelle, J. W 64


ti


Gaffeny Mercantile Co. 462


Gagnon, E. II .. 707


Galbraith, T. J .487


Gamer, Frederick 113


Gans, Herman


Gans. Louis. 573


Gardener, T. B 391


Garland, R. {' 2.14


Garrett, C. B 194


Gelsthorpe, W. II 9.


George, W. B.


Gerdts, John R. 403


Holter, A. M. 497


Holter, M. M .. 94


Hoopes, B. F. & Son .. 483


Horr, Joseph L. 218


Horsky, Antone 726


Horsky, John. .595


Horsky, Joseph


369


Hough, C. P.


237


Houk, J. K ...


695


Houle, Joseph.


268


Houston, W. H.


711


Hovey, A. S.


75


Howe, George E


75


Howell, H S.


299


Howey, R. H.


Huffman, L. A


754


Hughes, Silven


551


Humber, R. G. 400


Hunter, Duncan 184


Hyde, Joseph A


480


I


Irvine, E. H.


Jackman, Mary E. 158


Jacques, Anthony. 676


Jacques, George. . 701


Janes, Frank. 513


Jensen, Andrew. +40


Jensen, Stuard R 134


Johns, William 389


Johnson & Jensen 133


Johnson, C. M .. 514


Johnson, C. Q.


58


Johnson, F. G 134


Johnson, J. B. . 384


Johnson, J. H. 156


Johnson, J. M . .312


Johnson, Spencer. 456


Johnston, J. C.


K


Kaiser, M. 639


Keith, A. B. 190


Kelley, Owen. 609


Kelly, William .629


Kemper, S. V.


443


Kenck, J. N. 146


Kennnedy, Frank 352


Kennett, Ferd ... 313


Kenney, E. A. 545


Kenyon, W. R.


231


Keppler, J. C .. 714


269


Kessler, II. C.


267


Kimball, J. M


530


King, George W


King, James 415


King, L. A ... 333


Kinsley, J. W


Kirby, George


455


Kirby, Wm. F 636


Klein, Henry .. 143


Kleinschmidt, Albert. 813


Kleinschmidt, 11. F. (' 789


Kleinschmidt, R. II .. 6:3


Kleinschmidt, T. H. 224


Klemm, Otho .. 255


Knight, E. W 78


Hoe, Peter 547 Knight, J. M .. 232


lloffman, (. W .. 35.1


Holliday, S. L. :05


Holines, E. S.


H


Hale, R. S .200


Hall, Wm. H. 746


Hamel, Denis. 590


Hamel, Edmond. 413


Hamilton, J. L. 203


Hamilton, L. J. 54


Hamilton, P. J. .618


187


Hammond, A. B


556


Hammond, J. S. 234


Hammond, Wm. .799


Hanley, Daniel. 555


Hanson, H. H. .562


Hard, C. D. 134


Hardenbrook, C. K 515


Hart, C. B.


710


Hartman, C.S.


638


Harvey, John


359


Hasher, Anton


.397


Haston, Jesse


403


Hatch, A. G .


225


Hatch, George M


385


Hatch, Luke D.


535


Hauser, Samuel T.


126


Hauswirth, John .504


763


Hawes, W. S


741


Ilawkins, J. B.


357


Hayes, Edward.


437


Hays, George M. 518


Hedges, Cornelius 62


Iledges, F. S. 555


Helena Lumber Co.


508


Ilendricks, J. A


585


Henke, Emil. 464


Hennessy, D. J. 694


Henry, Frank 723


Hensley, Wm. A 486


Ilerford, J. B


Hermsmeyer, F 188


Hleyfron, D. ... 6×0


Hickman, R. O 432


Ililger, N.


Hill, W. L ..


212


Hindson, J. J.


10;


Hoback, Richard 141


Knowles, Ella Ł 85


Knowles, Hiram.


69


Kohrs, Conrad. .692


Goddard, O. F. 599


220


Gohn, George.


235


Goodwin, J. L ..


.482


Gordon, R. P. R. .107


Gourley, James .499


Gouthier, Joseph 557


Graeter, A. F 242


Graham, Alex


467


Grant, H. H.


738


Green, J. H


Greenough, T. L


.376


Gregson, George 49G


Grigg, T. A. 404


Gunn, J. W .451


Gerhauser, Adam 117


Gibson, Paris. 118


Gillette, W. C. 41


Gilliam, A. P. 603


Girard, Elisha. .505


Goff, Cortez.


Hamilton, R. S.


Harmon, Wm. 694


Haviland, W. II


Kessler, Nicholas.


xiii


INDEX.


L


McIntyre, Angus. .436


0


O'Brien, Wm .. . .420


O'Donnell, I. D. 97


O'Leary, Timothy 663


Ostien, H. C.


282


Otto, Charles.


.533


Ovren, Peter 702


P


Page, J. M.


502


Palin, Hilaire. 982


Palmer, C. H. .505


Parchen, H. M. 79


Parker, M. II. 492


Parker, M. S. .318


Parkison, J. T. .258


Parmeter, O. F. 468


Pascoe, George. .370


Patterson, H. M. .130


Patterson, Jesse 524


. 164


Peeler, D. R. .279


Pemberton, W. Y


68


Pennington, J .509


Perry, George. 395


Petritz, J. V. 440


Phillips, J. T. 545


Phillipsburg Iron Works. .427


Pickman, H. D.


.428


Pinkham, Willden .319


Piper, W. F .. 463


Pizer, Benjamin 396


Poitras, Isaie ..


Porter, T. C.


475


Porter, William


798


Potter, John .. 80


Potting, H. H 174


Power, John W 465


Power, T. C' 803


Preuitt, W. G 73


Price, C. W. 293


Price, H. J. 813


R


Raleigh, W. B .. 331


Ramsdell, Claton 584


Ramsdell, Joseph . 734


Ramsey, S. G. 537


Ranken, D. P. 665


Rankin, John 565


Ray, Josiah H


217


Raymond, W.


Read, F. S ...


87


Redfern, Francis 503


Reed, C. O.


99


Reed, John 240


Reeves, Moses. 719


Reeves, George W. 307


Reifenrath, Minnie A. 116


Reynolds, R. A 525


Reynolds, S. J.


Rice, A. F .. . 128


Rickards, J. E. 153


Riddell, Wm. C. 300


Riggin, F. A. .478


Riley, P. F. 635


Rinda, V. Charles. 110


Rinehart, J. II. 326


Norcross, C. V. 740 Robbins, T. M .656


Robbins, Wm. L. 579


Roberts, Wm.


155


Robertson, J. S.


628


M


Maclay, E. G. 794


Maguire, John .. 295


Maiden, B. F. .715


Mallahan, Wm. O. .. 645


Mallory, J. K. P. .257


Mann, Frank L .. .654


Mantle, Lee. 343


Marceau, Dillon. ₹30


Marchesseau, S. 429


Marcyes, H. R .308


Marion, J. E.


.280


Marshall, C. S. .657


Marshall, T. C .. 410


Matheson, Walter. .138


Mayger, William


Mc.Carty, J. W.


Naughton, Thomas 626


Neill, J. S. M. 189


Neill, R. W. 86


Nelson, A. H. 187


Nesbitt, F. J 281


New York Dry Goods Co 81


Nicholson, H. 552


Nickey, J. J. & F. II.


McCormick, W. J. 563 Nicol, R. W. .383


McCranor, David. .760 Niedenhofen, H. A. 752 Riggs, Gilmon. .600


Niedenhofen, Wm. 752


Nissler, Chris. 311


McDonald, A. A. 453 Noe, Nicholas. 718


McDonald, II. J. .747


McDonald, John. 462


McDonel, James 441 Maguire, F. M .. 635


McKay, Alexander. 413


Lachapelle, E. .591


Landram, J. A. 422


Lapeyre Brothers. 192


Largey, P. A 753


Larson, John. 419


La Salle, Adolph 405


Lashorn, M. H.' 747


Latimer, J. R. 460


Laurin, J. B. 177


Leavitt, E. D .. .614


Lebcher, C. B. 642


Ledoux, Damien. .593


Ledoux, Narcisse .294


Lee, E. H .. .352


Leggat, J. A. .681


Leggat, R. D.


731


Leighton, I. A.


414


Leslie, P. H. 501


Lewis, G. S. 697


Lewis, S. W 374


Leys, J. D ... 207


Lightbody, Thomas. 739




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