USA > Montana > An illustrated history of the state of Montana, containing biographical mention of its pioneers and prominent citizens > Part 133
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them. A very few volumes of reports, even if it required more than one volume, would be sufficient to contain all the new principles de- veloped by all the courts in any one year.
In this age of the world the discovery of new principles of law is rare, but there is a constant application of old principles to new facts and conditions. Nothing is added to the law by repeating the precedents thus established when similar facts arise, and as to other new and dis- similar facts the precedents are of no value.
And so, if the published reports were stripped of all useless matter, and made to contain only that which would add to the body and substance of the law, then the fountain from which flows superfluous reports containing nothing new, compilations, digests, cyclopædias and machine- made text books, would become dry. If the unlimited publication of the reports and law books manufactured therefrom continnes, each year will contribute to the nncertainty and ob- scuration of the law until the condition be- comes hopeless.
It is for the bench and bar of Montana, with the co-operation of the legislative assembly, to enter the twentieth century with such a system
all settled, mostly in Montana, and are occupying honor- able and useful positions in life. The oldest, William R., is a farmer of Silver Bow county. Mattie is the wife of Col. Thomas L. Thuroughman, a distinguished lawyer of St. Louis. James R., Jr., is a retired merchant of Butte City. Annie is the wife of Hon. William Thompson, of Butte City; and Lee, the youngest, is a printer, engaged on the Montana Methodist. Mr. Boyce makes his home with his son, James R. and his daughter, Mrs. Thompson, alternating between the two places at his pleasure. The passing years have left their traces, his hair is white as snow, but notwithstanding that age is creeping upon him he is still well preserved, both mentally and physically, showing that his life has been one of temperance in all things.
In his early life Mr. Boyce, like his father before him, was a Whig, both being great admirers of Henry Clay. When the Whig party died he became a Millard Fillmore American, and afterward belonged to the "Know Nothing" party. At the outbreak of the Civil war
671
HISTORY OF MONTANA.
of statutes and law reports as will with clear- ness and certainty, so far as human knowl- edge can provide, determine what the law is, and leave no doubt as to where it may be found.
If Montana would rescue the benign common law from the chaos of the reports and the ob- livion and obscurity of too many books, and
extract therefrom all of the principles which a thousand years has developed and brought to light, reduce them to form and classify and ar- range them without repetition, contradiction and confusion, then our noble commonwealth will have accomplished something for American ju- risprudence and the rational administration of human justice.
CHAPTER XXXV.
STATISTICAL-GOLD-SILVER-COPPER -- LEAD-IRON-COAL- HORSES -CATTLE- SHEEP-WHEAT
-OATS-BARLEY-ACREAGE -WATER
DITCHES -- IRRIGATION-GARDEN AND ORCHARD- STAPLE PRICES UP TO 1892-3.
I
been chosen in deferring these figures till near the conclusion; but as it was deemed advisable to have the latest official dates obtain- able, it was decided as best on the whole not to break the flow of routine by their too frequent insertion.
We will now give a table touching the first industry of Montana. It will be observed that silver is not enumerated for the first few years,
AM not certain that the wiser course has , although it was followed from the first. Nevada miners were early on the ground, and silver mining was not new to them; but the gold product outweighed and overshadowed that of silver till, as related in the chapter of Silver Bow and Butte, they learned how to extract it from the peculiar black veins there, so unlike those of Nevada. I am indebted to the Mon- tana Board of Managers at the World's Columbian Exposition,* Chicago, 1892-3,
while he was a Union man at heart and loved his coun- try, his home was in the South. His friends and kindred were there, and he had no alternative but to take the side of the South. In 1873 he was elected a member of the Territorial Legislature, and on the first ballot was chosen Speaker of the House, which position he filled in a most capable and satisfactory manner.
As a Mason, Mr. Boyce is well known in lodge circles all over the State. He was made a Mason as early as 1840, and has been presiding officer in the various lodges to which he has belonged for thirty-three years. He is now a Knight Templar. In 1866 he had the honor of or- ganizing the Grand Lodge of Montana, and during his long connection with the order he has helped to initiate into it many of the prominent men of the State.
During the early years of his residence in Montana, when the lawless element prevailed and the lives and property of the citizens were in danger, Mr. Boyce allied
himself with the Vigilants and did his part toward put- ting a stop to the depredations that were being committed on all sides. Indeed, in all the walks of life he has ever cast his influence and his support on the side of justice and right. For many years he has been identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he has served as Steward, Class-leader and Trustee. Of this church his wife was also a devoted member, and her life, like his, was characterized by deeds of Christian kindness.
The above, although a brief and imperfect sketch, will serve to show something of the active and useful life of this good man.
* MEMBERS NATIONAL COMMITTEE:
L. II. HERSHFIELD, Helena; Alternate B. F. WHITE, Dillon; DR. A. If. MITCHELL, Deer Lodge; Alternate, T.E. COLLINS, Great Falls.
672
HISTORY OF MONTANA.
largely for these tables; as they are official they are more reliable and ought to command greater confidence than figures from sources of my own.
Of course there is some guessing resorted to in the estimate of gold for the first five years- 1862-7; but experience, as an old expression of those days, authorizes me to say that these early estimates entirely fell below the actual yield; for miners were,-and you can easily understand why,-very closely watched in those days:
YEARS.
Gold.
Silver.
Totals.
1862-1867
$74,000,000
$74,000,000
1868
15,000,000
15,000,000
1869
9,000,000
9,000,000
1870. .
9,100,000
9,100,000
1871
8,050,000
8,050,000
1872.
6,068,000
6,068,000
1873
5,187,047
5,187,047
1874
3,844,722
3,844,722
1875.
3,573,600
3,573,600
1876
3,078,013
1,132,976
4,210,989
1877.
3,200,000
750,000
3,950,000
1878.
2,260,511
1,699,635
3,930,146
1879.
2,500,000
2,225,000
4,725,000
1880
2,400,000
2,500,000
4,900,000
1881
3,000,000
3,500,000
6,500,000
1882.
2,550,000
4,370,000
6,920,000
1883
1,800,000
6,000,000
7,800,000
1884
2,170,000
7,000,000
9,170,000
1885.
3,409,400
9,171,983
12,581,383
1886
4,425,000
12,400,000
16,825,000
1887
5,978,536
17,817,400
23,616,085
1888.
4,200,253
20,405,300
24,616,553
1889
3,794,009
20,038,871
23,832,880
1890.
3,022,577
20,337,317
23,359,894
1891.
2,891,386
21,138,186
24,029,572
1892.
2,966,571
22,503,554
25,570,125
Total
$187,469,964
$172,971,376
$360,442,340
LADY MANAGERS:
MRS. R. B. HARRISON, Delegate at Large; MRS. CLARA L. McADOW. Spotted Horse;
Alternate, Mrs. M. D. COOPER, Bozeman; Mrs. J. E. RICKARDS, Butte; Alternate, MRS. L. E. HOWEY, Helena.
MEMBERS STATE BOARD OF MANAGERS:
COUNTY. NAME. P. O. ADDRESS.
Beaver Head
. PHILIP LOVELL Dillon
Cascade . H. O. CHOWEN . Great Falls
Custer . C. R. MIDDLETON . . Miles City
Choteau, DAVID G. BROWNE . Fort Benton
Dawson
. JAMES G. RAMSEY .
. Glendive
Deer Lodge
GEO. W. MORSE, . New Chicago
Fergus
. ALF. J. STEPHENS Lewistown
While silver did not come conspicuously to the front in Montana till our centennial year, it will be seen that copper was still a greater laggard, and came upon the tables six years later even than silver.
ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF COPPER IN MONTANA, FROM 1882 TO 1892, INCLUSIVE.
YEARS. POUNDS. | YEARS.
POUNDS.
1882
9,058,284
1888
97,897,958
1883.
24,664,346
1889 105,130,000
1884.
43,093,054
1890.
112,925,000
1885
67,797,864
1891. 112,763,420
1886.
57,611,621
1892 159,212,203
1887
78,699,677
Total 868,653,427
Wages were high at first,-$10 per day, as a rule, in the early '60s; but the latest official reports establish the under-ground miners' wages at $3.50, uniformly throughout the State. The inspector of mines, in his annual report for 1892, asserts that, notwithstanding the fall in the price of silver, the total product of the mines of Montana is greater than ever before. He says that the percentage of acci- dents is much below that of other States. This is partly because a higher class of intelligence prevails here than elsewhere, and partly because the miners here have had long training in these and the California and Nevada mines.
Of the 10,000 men underground, 1,500 are mining eoal. These coal miners are paid, not
Gallatin .
W. M. NEAVITT. Bozeman
Jefferson .
. THOMAS JOYES . . Boulder
Lewis and Clarke.
A. J. DAVIDSON
Helena
Madison
. Dr. D. A. PEASE
. Twin Bridges
Meagher
W. H. SUTHERLIN . White Sulphur
Springs
Missoula
. W. M. BICKFORD . Missoula
Park #
ALLEN R. JOY Livingston
Silver Bow. , STEPHEN DEWOLFE.
Butte
Yellowstone .
GEORGE M. HAYS Billings
OFFICES:
STEPHEN DE WOLFE, President; ALLEN R. JOY, Vice-
President;
DAVID G. BROWNE, Treasurer; JAMES G. RAMSAY,
Secretary.
WALTER M. BICKFORD, Executive Commissioner.
Truly Boun R. M. Kleinschmidt
673
HISTORY OF MONTANA.
by the day, as quartz miners are paid, but by the ton. I here give a table, from the same reliable source, showing what the several conn- ties yielded in 1892 in gold and silver alone:
PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND SILVER IN MONTANA, BY COUNTIES, FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR, 1892.
COUNTIES.
GULD.
SILVER.
Beaver Head.
78,829.97 $
836,473.34
Cascade
560.37
1.54
Choteau.
1,205.81
307,67
Deer Lodge.
367,819.62
6,795,409.12
Fergus.
1,339.76
701.67
Jefferson.
186,391.61
2,177,762.97
Lewis and Clarke.
667,254.93
109,448.88
Meagher
41,215.57
386,287.18
Madison
128,374.43
2,407.58
Missoula.
37,827.22
610,029.75
Park .
51,008.18
526.61
Silver Bow.
748,786.77
10,745,744.49
Reported by outside smelt- ers, mills and mints not
otherwise included.
653,503.91
838,563.75
Total.
$ 2,966,571.90 $ 22,503,554.75
This is nearly all from underground. Very few men, comparatively, are now in the placers, but they are following them down, down, down into gnome-land.
Here follows the copper and lead table (official) for the year 1892:
PRODUCTION OF COPPER AND LEAD IN MONTANA, BY COUNTIES, FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1892.
COUNTIES.
COPPER, LBS.
LEAD, LBS.
Beaver Head
159,859
3,452,442
Deer Lodge.
1,000
Jefferson
334,855
9,464,305
Lewis aud Clarke
116,850
Meagher
3,279,811
Missoula ..
4,971,210
Silver Bow
158,413,284
4,000
Reported by foreign smelters and not otherwise included.
604,205
4,425,579
Total.
159,212,203 25,716,197
REINHOLD HENRY KLEINSCHMIDT, one of the most prominent merchants in the State, a member of the firm of Kleinschmidt & Brother, of Helena, was born near the city of Magdeburg, Prussia, November 4, 1847, son of Carl and Elizabeth (Kuphal) Kleiuschmidt,-the former from the Hartz mountains, of Hauoverian birth, the latter a native of Prussia.
After the demise of the father, the mother with her children came to America, landing at Baltimore in 1856. The family first located on a farm in Allegany county, Maryland, and later removed to Bloomington, Illinois, where young Kleinschmidt obtained employment in a
To sum up, as a lawyer would say, when lay- ing his case before the jury, we have the follow- ing (also official) for the total mineral product of Montana for the year 1892; and I may add that it seems fixed at about this figure so far as I gather data for the year and a half following, and it is pretty safe to set the mineral product of Montana for years to come as tonching the beam at little, if any, short of an annual output of $50,000,000. Little wonder that she can boast the possession of one, if not two, of the richest eities on the globe.
RECAPITULATION OF VALUE OF METAL PRODUCTS OF
MONTANA, YEAR 1892.
Gold $ 2,966,571.90 Lead
Silver . 22,593,554.75
Total $42,565,626.06
The Engineering and Mining Journal of Jan- uary 4, 1893, publishes the total dividends paid by eighty six mining companies of the United States during the calendar year 1892, the sum being $13,443,918. Thirteen of these are Mon- tana companies, the following:
Rocky Fork Coal Co.$100,000 Ileckla Con ..... $ 180,000
Parrot Co.
216,000 Helena & Frisco. 20,000
Bald Butte.
20,000
Iron Mountain .. . 135,000
Bannister ..
6,000
Jay Hawk. 33,375
Bi-Metallic.
200,000
Monlton
30,000
Elkhorn
.362,500
Pandora
3,000
Granite Mountain. .
500,000
Total $1,805,875
It will be noticed that the great Anaconda copper mine is not set down. Nor could I get any statement from its managers. Says this same authority :
"These dividends do not show the profits of the companies named, as nsnally a large portion .
nursery. In 1859 the family removed to Hermann, Mis- sonri, where they also resided on a farm, and Reinhold being again employed in a nursery. In 1860 the family located at Booneville, same State, where our subject at- teuded school about six months. Before arriving in America he had received excellent school privileges, and his extensive business experience has made of him a well informed man. Lexington, Missouri, was the next home of the family, and there Mr. Kleinschmidt found employ- ment in a printing office, doing all kinds of work con- nected with such an establishment, until the commence- ment of the war of the Rebellion. The family removed
990,035.08
Copper 19,105,464.36
674
HISTORY OF MONTANA.
of the net earnings goes into the purchase of ad- ditional mining ground, the development of properties, construction of additional mills or smelters, etc. Neither is the list of dividend- paying mines complete. Besides, some of the largest companies-as, for instance, the Ana- conda, which produces more copper than any other company in the world-do not make pub- lic their profits, nor is their stock listed on any mining exchange.
"The next largest copper-producer in the State is the Boston & Montana Company of Butte. It is not in the list of dividend-payers for 1892, but this company has expended abont $2,000,000 in the last two years in the construction of a new smelting plant and elec- trolytic refinery at Great Falls, Montana.
" The Sand Coulee Coal Company, which pro- duced in 1892 300,000 tons of coal, is not found in the list of dividend-payers, but the profits of the company for that year were not less than half a million dollars."
The iron mines, great as they promise, are not yet sufficiently to the front to give them the important place to which they are approach- ing, but like silver and copper they will prob- ably astonish the world; and when they do
to Liberty, that State, whither he followed later, and where he obtained a position as clerk in a store, remain- ing a year. Leavenworth, Kansas, next became the place of his abode, and for a short time he was employed in a hotel. Returning home, he and a brother enlisted in the United States army, but on account of his extreme youth he was discharged from the service, being then under fifteen years of age.
After this Mr. Kleinschmidt secured a position in a confectionery at Liberty, Missonri, where he continued until the end of 1863. Desiring that his labors should more directly benefit himself, he, in partnership with his brothers, established a store in that town, but soon after removed to Leavenworth, and subsequently to Lawrence, Kansas, at the close of the war. In 1865 the brothers ex- tended their business to Las Vegas, New Mexico. From there they removed to Montana in 1867, where Reinhold and his brother Albert, the newly formed firm of Klein- schmidt & Brother, entered upon a business career which
come fairly to the front will come to stay. They are in the mountains, almost everywhere. Hayden, in his Geological Survey, says they have been found to assay by his assayers sixty and seventy per cent. pure metallic iron.
Says the same anthority, touching coal : "The principal coal deposits of the State are found in Cascade, Choteau, Park, Missoula and Gallatin counties. The extent of these depos- its is very great, covering a considerable por- tion of the State. * * The general char- acter of the coal is semi-bituminous, and for general domestic uses and as a steam generator it is finely adapted. A lighter coal, or lignite, and of poorer quality, is found in the eastern portion of the State. Coking coal is found in parts of the coal district. At Cokedile, in Park county, 100 coke ovens are in constant opera- tion, and employment is given to about 300 men by the conpany. At Horr, in the same county, there is another coking plant of nearly the same capacity. A ready sale for the coke is found at the various smelters of the State. The Sand Coulee coal mines, in Cascade county, about twelve miles from Great Falls, are the largest prodneers in the State. When working to their full capacity they can produce 1,500
has no parallel in the commercial annals of Montana, and their prosperity has continued uninterruptedly up to the present time. The members of the firm are reliable business men, possessed of excellent executive ability, sagacity and far-sightedness and strong organizing pow- ers, which have enabled them to carry on suceessful business interests at various places, having at one time control of thirteen commercial houses in various locali- ties in the State, and mule and cattle transportation capa- ble of moving 250 tons to a trip. Honorable dealing has won them a most excellent reputation, which extends throughout the West, and has given to the firm of Klein- schmidt & Brother a name most enviable.
On the 19th of May, 1880, Mr. Kleinschmidt was mar- ried, at San Francisco, California, to Miss Amelia H. Mau, daughter of H. Albert Man, an estimable lady of culture. Our subject holds membership with Wadsworth Post, G. A. R., and in politics is an unswerving Republican, and stanchly advocates his party's principles.
675
HISTORY OF MONTANA.
tons per day, but the output could be largely increased, if desired. The average production of these mines for the year 1892 was 1,000 tons daily."
I have not said anything about precious stones, because, in the first place, I do not know anything about them, and in the second place I find nothing official ou the subject of Montana gems. But as I find quite an item on this theme in a publication issued by the Mon- tana State Board of Managers at the Columbian Exposition, I give it place for what it is worth .* At the same time it should be added that the story abont precious stones in Montana is not a new one; nor have I heard the story questioned. I only say I have no official authority to ad- vance on the subject further than the slight ref- ference by Dr. Swallow in a previous chapter.
Passing from diamonds to water ditches, for irrigating purposes, the history of their devel-
opment, as reported by the State Board of Equalization, shows the following progress up to 1892, and products:
IRRIGATION STATISTICS FOR THE YEAR 1892.
COUNTIES.
Ditches .. . ..
Length
No. of
by Ditch
Under Cultivation
No. of Acres of Land
der Ditch. . . ..
No. Acres Land Un-
Ditches .. .. .
Total No. of Lateral
Beaver Head ..
224
465
34,031
68,099
2,228
Cascade.
5
45
2,190
203,230
24
Choteau
11
122
19,060
351,050|
266
Custer ..
26
59
6,430
23,618
I06
Dawson. .
1
113
40
80
5
Deer Lodge
68
209
7,868
15,454
265
Fergus
142
268
11,515
36,387
803
Gallatin
195
434
26,848
43,782
1,258
Jefferson.
58
136
6,158
13,155
286
Lewis and
Clarke ..
88
325
31,250
92,443
581
Madison .
204
406
25,293
40,180
819
Missoula.
43
124
5,368
6,650
100
Meagher
166
226
22,919
43,122
1,726
Park.
137
333
11,208
22,633
1,268
Silver Bow
19
32
1,985
2,765
52
Yellowstone
3
60
3,015
12,200
25
Total
1,390
3,24512
242,178
976,848
9,815
eral trip throughout the United States to almost every State in the Union. Later they visited Alaska, and in 1893-'94 the Columbian Exposition at Chicago and the Midwinter Fair at San Francisco. In speaking of his travels, Mr. Kleinschmidt says: "We saw many wonder- ful sights, but for natural phenomena and picturesque beauty, nothing that I have seen can compare with the romantic beauty of Yellowstone Park, where we some- times go for a short summer recreation."
The present business conducted by Mr. Kleinschmidt and his brother Albert is very extensive, the firm carry- ing the largest wholesale stock of heavy hardware and groceries at Helena. Their real-estate and mining inter- ests are scattered, as they own fruit farms and mining interests in California; a large interest in the most exten-
* "Several years ago the Spratt Brothers got hold of a deserted mining claim, long reported to contain what might be precious stones, and in prosecuting this work they found these crystals in great quantities. Some of them they had cut, and they proved to be handsome gems. Then they had them tested by experts and chem- ists, and the reports were invariably of the most favorable character. Believing that they had discovered a valuable property, they continued prospecting, and acquired title to, or options on, about 8,{ 00 acres of sapphire ground, on both sides of the Missouri river, securing at the same time control of the water that could be used for mining, for a distance of thirty or forty miles along the strean.
"In 1891, the Spratts and others interested with them, sold their property to the 'Sapphire and Ruby Company of Montana,' the new company being composed princi- pally of English capitalists. This corporation was act- ively engaged during the season of 1892, in constructing water ditching and flumes and making general prepara- tions for extensive mining. The present year they begin operations on a large scale, and besides the sapphires to be secure.l, it is estimated that a profit will be realized on the gold alone that still remains in El Dorado and other bars.
"As to the sapphires and rubies, they exist in large quantities, and time and tests have proven that they are
Although his business interests require constant atten- tiou, yet he has found time for recreation iu travel, in which he takes great pleasure. From 1870 to 1880 he made yearly business trips to the principal Eastern cities, buying goods and looking after the varied interests of the firm, when he took the opportunity of also visiting the various points of beauty and interest. Once every two years he visited California, and during those years be- came familiar with the scenery and life of the Pacific coast. In 1872 he visited the Expositiou at Vienna (trav- eling a year), and in 1876 the Centennial Exposition.
In 1880 he again crossed the Atlantic, accompanied by his wife, and they traveled leisurely through Englaud, Ireland, Scotland, Germany, Switzerland, France and Italy. In 1883 Mr. and Mrs. Kleinschmidt made a gen-
No. of
Irrigating
Miles in
670
HISTORY OF MONTANA.
AVERAGE ANNUAL PRODUCT PER ACRE.
COUNTIES.
bushels ..
Grains,
bushels .. .
Vegetables,
Hay, tons. ..
Beaver Head
40
171
114
Cascade.
38
200
11g
Chotean
43
250
2
Custer
55
100
2
Dawson
35
400
3
Deer Lodge
36
250
11.
Fergus
4416
208
113
Gallatin
47
222
134
Jefferson .
11
191
115
Lewis and Clarke
14
254
113
Madison
37
234
2
Missoula
43
360
1%
Meagher
190
114
Park .
4216
207
Silver Bow
40
300
116
Yellowstone
35
3
Average.
4114
240
134
I here quote the learned Dr. Hayden on the "Chinook " winds, before described, and with it the report of the president of the medical board of Montana for 1893, as this rare health seems to be the sequence of the climate:
"The official report (Dr. Hayden's) makes the mean of average height of Montana above
sive copper mines in the world, situated in Idaho, and real estate, mines, lands, irrigating canals in the various counties of the State of Montana. Both brothers took a very active part recently in the permanent location of the State capital, assisting financially and giving much of their time to the campaign, the elder brother being one of the most active members of the Capital committee, and the favorable outcome of the contest is largely attributa- ble to the energy displayed by them.
ANTHONY JACQUES, the elder of the Jacques brothers, who are prominent farmers and stock-raisers in Deer Lodge valley, Deer Lodge county, Montana, was born in France, February 27, 1834, son of John and Catherine (Kribling) Jacques, both natives of that country.
gems of a high order and of considerable value. The stones were fully tested by some of the best experts in the world, before the sale heretofore mentioned was con- summated. To show what is thought of these gems by ex- perts high in authority, we submit, herewith, brief ex- tracts from reports made :
"Edwin W. Streeter, of London, who is an author of several works on precious stones, and who is regarded as an authority on the subject throughout the world, says: These stones have a wide range of color, and I note fre- quent occurrence of this, hitherto rarely obtainable in this valuable gem. I unhesitatingly say of these dif- ferent colored sapphires and rubies, that in hardness and
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