USA > North Carolina > A syllabus of North Carolina history, 1584-1876 > Part 6
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a. Early geological surveys ; Services of Mitchell, Olm- stead, Emmons.
b. Mineral resources.
c. Products and methods of mining.
d. The Charlotte Mint ; the Bechtler Mint.
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4. Agriculture.
a. Products and values.
b. Early soil surveys.
c. Agricultural journals.
d. The North Carolina State Agricultural Society (1853).
5. Trade Conditions.
a. Value of exports.
b. Advantage of Virginia and South Carolina cities.
REFERENCES : Thompson, From Cotton Field to Cotton Mill; Bulle- tins of the North Carolina Geological Survey, Nos. 3, 10, 17, No. 21, pp. 78-79; A Private Mint in North Carolina, (Publication of the Southern History Association, Vol. X, No. 2); Kerr, Report of the Geological Survey of North Carolina, 1875, Vol. I, (Raleigh, 1875).
SOURCES : Census of the United States; The Carolina Cultivator; The Farmer's Journal; DeBow's Review; Report on the Establishment of Cotton and Wool Manufactures and the Growing of Wool, by Charles Fisher to the House of Commons, January 1, 1828; Roth, Gold Mines in N. C., (Silliman's Journal of Science) ; Emmons, Geological Survey of the Midland Counties of North Carolina, (New York, 1856).
LXXXII. GENERAL PROGRESS 1840-1860, II PRIVATE EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT
1. Some Religious Changes.
a. The Baptists; the State Convention; Missionary vs. Primitive Baptists.
b. Organization of the North Carolina Conference (1838).
c. The first Bishop of the Diocese of North Carolina.
2. Religion and Education.
a. The need of more schools.
b. The religious necessity.
3. The Genesis of Wake Forest College.
a. The Manual Labor Plan.
b. The Charter.
c. Influences from abroad; the Faculty.
4. The Origin of Davidson.
a. The Western College idea.
b. Action of Concord Presbytery (1838).
c. Davidson opened (1837) ; The Charter (1838).
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d. The Manual Labor Plan.
e. The Chambers Legacy.
5. The Early Days of Trinity.
a. Dr. Brantley York and Union Institute; Braxton Craven (Autobiography of York, ch. X).
b. Normal College and Church endorsement (1851) ; State aid and degrees (1852).
c. The Charter of 1859 (Trinity College) ; relation to the Church.
d. Braxton Craven.
6. Some Colleges for Women.
7. Private Academies.
REFERENCES : Sykes, The Genesis of Wake Forest College, (Publica- tions of the North Carolina Historical Commission, Vol. I) ; Williams, History of the Baptists in North Carolina, pp. 71-III; Raper, Church and Private Schools in North Carolina; Smith, History of Education in North Carolina, passim; Centennial of Methodism in North Carolina; Baldwin, History of Methodism in North Carolina, 1800-1837, (Raleigh Christian Advocate, February 14-April 4, 1894) ; Dowd, Life of Brax- ton Craven; Haywood, Lives of the Bishops of North Carolina; First Semi-Centenary Celebration of Davidson College.
SOURCES : Autobiography of Brantley York; College Catalogues.
LXXXIII. THE NORTH CAROLINA WHIGS IN NATIONAL POLITICS
1. Characteristics.
a. Loyalty to the National Party.
b. Nationalistic ideals.
c. Support of Henry Clay.
2. Typical Leaders in National Affairs.
a. Willie P. Mangum.
b. William A. Graham.
c. George E. Badger.
d. Thomas L. Clingman.
3. The Recharter of the National Bank.
a. President Tyler's veto ; resignation of Badger ; Man- gum and the Caucus.
4. The Annexation of Texas.
a. Clay's visit to Raleigh; his views on Texas.
b. The election of 1844.
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5. The Tariff.
a. Sentiment for a protective tariff in North Carolina.
b. J. J. McKoy and the Walker Tariff of 1846.
6. The Navy Department under North Carolinians.
REFERENCES : Wagstaff, State Rights and Political Parties in North Carolina, pp. 73-77; Sketches of Mangum, Graham, and Badger in Biographical History of North Carolina, (Vol. V); Frank Nash, Address on William A. Graham, (Bulletin of N. C. Historical Commis- sion) ; Graham, George E. Badger and McGhee, William A. Graham, (Peele, Lives of Distinguished North Carolianians) ; Bassett, Congres- sional Career of Thomas L. Clingman, (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series, IV).
SOURCES : Speeches and Writings of T. L. Clingman; Speeches of leading men in Congressional Globe and newspapers of the period.
LXXXIV. DECLINE OF THE WHIG PARTY, I MANHOOD SUFFRAGE
1. The Democratic party, 1836-1848 (Memoirs of W. W. Holden, ch. I).
2. Aristocratic and Democratic Tendencies in the Constitu- tion of North Carolina; property qualifications for suffrage in senatorial elections.
3. The Manhood Suffrage Campaign.
a. David S. Reed.
b. How free suffrage was brought into the campaign of 1848 (Memoirs of Holden, ch. I).
c. Results of the election of 1848.
d. The Democratic Victory of 1850.
4. Attitude of the Whigs to Manhood Suffrage.
a. Application of manhood suffrage to all elections ; division among the Whigs.
b. Constitutional convention vs. legislative enactment.
c. Amendment adopted (1857).
5. Liberalizing Effects of the Free Suffrage Movement; the Democrats and Internal Improvements ; Education.
REFERENCES : Bassett, Suffrage in North Carolina (Reports of the American Historical Association, 1895-6) ; Wagstaff. State Rights and Political Parties in North Carolina, pp. 81-SS; Boyd, William W. Holden, Part I, (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series III.)
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SOURCES : Memoirs of W. W. Holden, (John Lawson Monographs of the Trinity College Historical Society, Vol. I) ; Pamphlets.
LXXXV. DECLINE OF THE WHIG PARTY, II DISINTEGRATION OVER SLAVERY EXTENSION
1. Expansion of slavery in the United States to 1848.
a. Sectional interests.
b. The Wilmot Proviso.
2. The North Carolina Whigs and Slavery Extension.
a. Views of Badger and Clingman.
b. The Steele Resolutions in the legislature of 1848-49.
c. The substitute resolyes.
3. The Compromise of 1850 in North Carolina.
a. The Legislature of 1850-51.
1. Resolves of William B. Shepherd (radical) and J. A. Gilmer (conservative).
2. The reports of the joint committee; adoption of the majority report.
b. The Congressional Campaign of 1851.
1. The issue of secession and its repudiation.
4. The Presidential Campaign of 1856.
a. The Republican Party ; excitement in the South.
b. Professor Hedrick expelled from the University.
c. Secession threatened; the conference of governors.
5. Decline of the Whig party; The Know-Nothings and their leaders in North Carolina.
REFERENCES : Wagstaff, State Rights and Political Parties, pp. 81-84: 87-96; Boyd, North Carolina's Attitude toward Secession, (Report of the American Historical Association, 1910) ; Bassett, Benjamin S. Hedrick, (Anti-Slavery Leaders of North Carolina) ; Hamilton, Ben- jamin S. Hedrick, (James Sprunt Historical Publications, Vol. X, No. I).
SOURCES : Public Documents of North Carolina (1848, 1850, 1856.)
LXXXVI. STATE POLITICAL ISSUES 1850-1860
1. Distribution of Public Lands.
a. The land bill of Henry Bennett (New York) ; atti- tude of Southern Democrats.
b. The Congressional Campaign of 1853 in North Carolina.
c. The State Campaign of 1858; McRae vs. Ellis.
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2. Ad Valorem Slave Taxation.
a. Later Slavery Agitators; Goodloe ; Helper.
b. Inequality in the Revenue System.
c. Moses A. Bledsoe (1858) ; The Raleigh Working- men's Association.
3. Factions in the Democratic Party.
a. William W. Holden ; the Standard.
b. John W. Ellis.
c. The State Convention of 1858.
d. The Senatorial Contest.
4. The State Campaign of 1860.
a. Revival of the Whig Party; ad valorem slave taxa- tion.
b. The Candidates; Pool (Whig) ; Ellis (Democrat).
c. Character and results of the Campaign.
REFERENCES : Wagstaff, State Rights and Political Parties in North Carolina, pp. 97-107; 109-113; Boyd, North Carolina's Attitude toward Secession, (Reports of the American Historical Association, 1910) ; Boyd, William W. Holden, Part II, (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series III) and Ad Valorem Slave Taxation, (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series V.) ; Hamil- ton, The Democratic Convention of 1858, (Charlotte Observer) ; Re- construction in North Carolina.
SOURCES : Helper's Impending Crisis ; Pamphlets.
LXXXVII. THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN OF 1860 IN NORTH CAROLINA
1. Parties, Platforms, Candidates.
2. The Democratic Campaign in North Carolina.
a. North Carolina Delegates to the Charleston Con- vention (Memoirs of Holden).
b. The Baltimore Convention; Policy of the North Carolina Delegates.
c. The sentiment for Douglas, the Standard; the Douglas electors ; the Douglas Convention; the drift to Breckenbridge.
3. The Whig Campaign.
a. The Appeal to Patriotism.
b. The Mass Meetings.
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4. The Results : The Union or the South.
a. The Whig and Democratic votes.
b. Breckenbridge vs. Bell and Douglas.
REFERENCES : Wagstaff, State Rights and Political Parties, pp. 114- 119; Boyd, North Carolina's Attitude toward Secession, (Report American Historical Association, 1910) ; Hamilton, Reconstruction in North Carolina.
SOURCES : Memoirs of W. W. Holden, ch. I, pp. 10-14; Hamilton, Correspondence of Jonathan Smith, Vol. I, passim.
LXXXVIII. SECESSION IN NORTH CAROLINA
1. General Influences for Union and Secession.
a. State Rights Ideals vs. national sentiment.
b. Economic Conditions vs. slavery extension.
c. The social bond ; the South or the Union.
d. Progress of secession in the South to Feb. 1, 1861.
2. The Movement for a State Convention.
a. Governor Ellis's message (December, 1860).
b. The Convention Bill; views of radicals and con- servatives ; influences that shaped its passage.
c. The election of February 28th, 1861.
3. North Carolina in the Peace Convention (February) ; views of Ruffin, Reid, etc.
4. Progress of Secession Sentiment in North Carolina.
a. Seizure of Fort Johnston and Caswell (January 1861).
b. Mass Meeting (Goldsboro, February).
c. Fort Sumter; Lincoln's Call for Troops.
5. The Secession Convention (May 20, 1861).
a. How called.
b. Membership ; factions.
c. The Ordinance of Secession: The Theory of Se- cession.
6. Why North Carolina Seceded.
REFERENCES : Wagstaff, State Rights and Political Parties, ch. 5; Hamilton, Reconstruction in North Carolina; MacCormac and Battle, The Convention of 1861 (James Sprunt Monographs, No. I.)
SOURCES : Memoirs of W. W. Holden, ch. I, pp. 14-17; Correspon- dence of Jonothan Worth, Vol. I, passim; Journal of the Convention of 1861; Public Documents (Session of 1861).
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LXXXIX. NORTH CAROLINA IN THE WAR
1. Contribution to the Confederate Service.
a. Military.
b. Naval.
c. Civil.
2. Economic and Financial Conditions, 1861-1865.
a. The Blockade.
b. Agriculture and Manufacturing.
c. Finances.
d. Transportation.
e. Blockade running, public and private.
f. State aid to the destitute.
3. War Politics and the Peace Movement.
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a. Beginning of party divisions.
b. Friction between the Convention and the General Assembly.
c. The campaign of 1862.
d. The peace meetings of 1863.
e. 'The peace meetings of 1864.
f. The Raleigh Standard and its influence.
g. Dissatisfaction with the Confederate Government and the cause.
h. Desertion from the army and its influence.
i. The campaign of 1864; Secret organizations.
4. Military operations in the State.
a, Federal coast operations in 1861.
b. The capture of New Bern.
c. The Confederate advance on New Bern and its repulse.
d. The Plymouth campaign.
e. Fort Fisher.
f. Stoneman's raid.
g. Sherman's advance into the State.
h. The capture of Raleigh.
i. The Sherman-Johnston Convention.
5. Attempts at Reconstruction.
a. The Hatteras Government.
b. Edward Stanly's administration as military gov- ernor.
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c. Action of the North Carolina members of the Con- federate Congress.
REFERENCES : Clark, Regimental History of North Carolina; Hamil- ton, Reconstruction in North Carolina; Boyd, William W. Holden, (in Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series III) ; Five Points in the Record of North Carolina in the Civil War, (Publica- tions of the N. C. Historical Commission, Vol. I, pp. 375-491) ; Schwab, The Confederate States of America; Spencer, The Last Ninety Days of the War in North Carolina; The South in the Building of the Nation, Vol. I, pp. 482-497, (James Sprunt Historical Monograph, No. 1) ; Hill, History of North Carolina, pp. 267-338; Connor, Makers of North Carolina History, pp. 226-260; Dowd, Life of Vance, pp. 430- 462, 481-490.
SOURCES : Hamilton, Correspondence of Jonothan Worth. Memoirs of W. W. Holden, ch. 2; Official Records of the War of the Rebellion; Legislative Documents, 1860-1861, 1862-1863, 1863-1864; Laws, 1860- 1861, 1861, 1852, 1862-1853, 1864; Moore, Rebellion Record; Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman, pp. 288-374; Johnston's Narrative, pp. 376- 420; Nichols, The Story of the Great March, pp. 251-321; Contested Elections, Ho. Mss. Docs No. 57, 38 Cong. 2nd. Sess .; Hamilton, The Heroes of America, (Publications of the Southern History Association, January, 1907.)
XC. PRESIDENTIAL RESTORATION
1. Military Occupation.
a. The downfall of the State Government.
b. General Schofield's opinions and plan of reconstruc- tion.
c. Chief Justice Chase's visit to North Carolina.
d. Conditions in the State at the close of hostilities.
2. Beginnings of Reconstruction.
a. Lincoln's plan of Reconstruction.
b. Development of Lincoln's plan under Johnson.
c. Johnson's amnesty and North Carolina proclama- tions.
d. The administration of Provisional Governor Holden
e. Conduct of amnesty and pardon matters.
f. The convention of 1865 and its work.
g. The elections of 1865.
h. The General Assembly of 1865.
i. Relations with the United States.
j. The Convention of 1866.
k. The return to civil government.
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3. Conditions and Problems of the Freedmen.
a. Economic and social conditions.
b. Legislation concerning the freedmen.
c. The Freedmen's Bureau.
4. Conditions under the Restored Government.
a. Attempts to secure congressional representation.
b. Proposed constitution of 1866 and its defeat.
c. Politics and election of 1866.
d. North Carolina and the Fourteenth Amendment.
e. Relations with the military authorities; the conflict of civil and military courts.
REFERENCES : Hamilton, Reconstruction in North Carolina; Boyd, William W. Holden, (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series III) ; Flack, The Adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment, pp. 196-200; Cox, Three Decades of Federal Legislation, pp. 383-388; Hamilton, The Freedmen's Bureau, (South Atlantic Quarterly, Jan. and April, 1909) ; Stephenson, Race Distinctions in American Law.
SOURCES : Memoirs of W. W. Holden; Correspondence of Jonathan Worth; Andrews, The South Since the War, pp. 112-190; Fleming, Documentary History of Reconstruction; Legislative Documents, 1865- 1866, 1866-1867; Laws, 1865-1866, 1866-1867.
XCI. CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION
1. The Military Government.
a. The Reconstruction Acts.
b. Administration of General Daniel E. Sickles.
c. General Order No. 10 and the disputed jurisdiction of the military governor and the United States courts.
d. Administration of General E. R. S. Canby.
e. Registration of the new electorate.
f. Activity of the aliens or "carpet-baggers."
g. Organization and work of the Union League.
h. Politics and election of 1867.
i. Political, social, religious, and economic separation of the races as a result of Reconstruction.
2. The Convention of 1868.
a. Membership; party divisions, race divisions, promi- nence of the aliens.
b. Activities of the convention.
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3. The Constitution of 1868.
a. Influences tending to shape the instrument.
b. Changes from the original instrument.
c. The campaign for adoption.
d. Election of 1868.
e. Restoration of the State to the Union.
REFERENCES : Hamilton, Reconstruction in North Carolina; Cox, Three Decades of Federal Legislation, pp. 494-500; Herbert, Why the Solid South, pp. 70-84; A. B. Greenwood, The Union League in North Carolina, (Charlotte Observer of July, 1910) ; Hamilton, The Union League, (Swanee Review, October, 1912) ; South in the Building of the Nation, I, pp. 497-519).
SOURCES : Memoir of W. W. Holden; Correspondence of Jonathan Worth; The Constitution of 1868; Convention Documents, 1868; Legislative Documents, 1868; Fleming, Documentary History of Re- construction.
XCII. THE RADICAL REGIME
1. The Administration of Governor William W. Holden.
a. Character of the new administration.
b. The Legislature of 1868.
c. The Presidential Campaign of 1868.
d. The Legislature of 1868-1869.
e. Extravagance in Government.
f. Railroad legislation and the frauds.
1. The Chatham Railroad.
2. The Western North Carolina Railroad.
3. The Western Railroad.
4. The Atlantic, Tennessee, and Ohio Railroad.
5. The Williston and Tarboro Railroad.
6. The Edenton and Suffolk Railroad.
7. The Northwestern North Carolina Railroad.
8. The University Railroad.
9. The Eastern and Western Railroad.
10. The Wilmington, Charlotte, and Rutherford Railroad.
11. The Oxford Branch of the Raleigh and Gas- ton Railroad.
g. The Penitentiary Scandal.
h. The "Ring;" Corrupt influences of the "carpet-bag- gers."
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i. The Legislature of 1869-1870; Republican quarrels.
2. Social and Economic Conditions.
a. Labor conditions.
b. Agricultural depression.
c. Beginnings of industrial activity.
3. Party Politics.
a. Classes composing the two parties.
b. The race question between the parties.
c. Influence of the "carpet-baggers."
d. Lines of cleavage in the Republican party in 1869.
e. Organization and growth of the Conservative-Demo- cratic party.
f. Political effects of Radical dishonesty and misrule.
4. The Ku Klux Movement.
. Purposes.
b. Organizations.
c. Membership.
d. Geographical location.
e. Activities.
f. Results, social and political.
5. Suppression of the Ku Klux.
a. The use of militia.
b. Legislation.
1. The militia bill.
2. The Ku Klux Act (N. C.).
3. The Schoffner Act.
c. The Kirk-Holden War.
d. Federal Force Acts.
e. Federal Ku Klux Prosecution.
f. The Ku Klux Trials of 1871.
REFERENCES : Hamilton, Reconstruction in North Carolina; Herbert, Why The Solid South, pp. 70-84; Fleming, Lester and Wilson's Ku Klux Klan; Mrs. T. J. Jarvis, The Ku Klux Klan, (North Carolina Booklet, Vol. I, No. 12, Vol. II, No. 1) ; Dowd, Life of Vance, pp. 142- 163; Cox, Three Decades of Federal Legislation, pp. 465-463; Battle, Address on Vance; Dent, Origin and Development of the Ku Klux Klan, (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series, I) ; Pegram, A Ku Klux Raid and what Became of it, (ibid) ; Carlton, The Assassination of John Walter Stephens, (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series II).
SOURCES : Memoir of William W. Holden; The Report of the Shipp Fraud Commission; The Report of the Bragg Fraud Commis-
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sion; Report of the Senate Committee on the Condition of Affairs in the Southern States, (Sen. Reports, No. 1, 42 Cong., I Sess.) ; Joint Report on Affairs in the Insurrectionary States, (Ho. Reports No. 22, pp. 2, 42 Cong., I Sess.) ; Third Annual Message of Governor Holden with Appendix; Legislative Documents, 1868, 1868-1869, 1869-1870; Laws, 1868, 1868-1869, 1869-1870; North Carolina Supreme Court Reports, 1868-1871.
XCIII. DEMOCRATIC REACTION AND ITS RESULTS
1. Overthrow of Republican Control.
a. The campaign of 1870.
b. The legislature of 1870-1871.
c. The impeachment and trial of Governor Holden.
d. The impeachment of Judge E. W. Jones.
e. Attempt to secure a constitutional convention; rea- sons for failure.
f. Reform legislation.
g. The legislative session of 1871-1872.
h. The political campaigns of 1872.
2. Reconstruction and Education.
a. The University.
b. The Public School System.
c. Work of Private Schools and Colleges.
3. The Overthrow of Reconstruction.
a. Constitution Reforms of 1874.
b. The convention of 1875.
c. Constitutional changes.
4. The Campaign of 1876.
a. Party conditions in 1875 and 1876.
b. Party conventions and platforms.
c. Vance and Settle as candidates; records and strength and weakness of each.
d. The joint debates.
e. Issues of the campaign.
f. Influences exerted in the campaign.
g. Election results, state and national.
5. The Effects of Reconstruction.
a. Social.
b. Economic.
c. Financial.
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d. Political.
e. Religions.
f. The settlement of the debt.
REFERENCES : Hamilton, Reconstruction in North Carolina; Dowd, Life of Vance; Hamilton, Campaigns of 1872. (South Atlantic Quar- terly, April, 1912) ; Bynum, Thomas Settle.
SOURCES : Memoirs of William W. Holden; Legislative Documents, 1870-1871, 1871-1872, 1873-1874, 1874-1875, 1876-1877, 1879; Laws, 1870-1871, 1871-1872, 1872-1873, 1873-1874, 1874-1875, 1876-1877, 1879; Journal of the Convention of 1875; Amendments of 1875; North Carolina Supreme Court Reports, 1870-1879; Tourgee, The "C" Letters.
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XCIV. OUTLINE FOR COUNTY HISTORY
I. Geographical Features.
1. Size and location.
2. Surface.
3. Principal streams, sounds, lakes, etc.
4. Character of the soil.
5. Flora and fauna.
6. Other geographical features.
7. Influence of geography on the history and de- velopment of the county.
II. Population.
1. Racial elements :
a. English.
b. French.
c. Irish.
d. German.
e. Scotch.
f. Scotch-Irish.
g. Negro.
2. Where they came from.
3. Reasons for their settling in North Carolina :
a. Social.
b. Economic.
c. Political.
d. Religious.
4. Character of the people.
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III. Organization of the county.
1. When and why created.
2. Boundaries :
a. Territory from which the county was formed.
b. Original boundaries.
c. Counties wholly or partially cut off from it.
d. Present boundaries.
3. Origin of its name.
4. Selection of the county seat :
a. Why selected.
b. Origin of its name.
c. Erection of public buildings.
IV. Important Historic Events.
1. During the Colonial Period :
a. Early relations with the Indians.
b. Military events.
c. Chief political occurrences.
d. Industrial conditions :
1. Labor; introduction of slavery.
2. Agriculture.
3. Commerce.
4. Home manufactures.
e. Early schools.
f. Early churches.
g. Early newspapers and libraries.
h. Colonial towns.
2. During the Revolution :
a. Whigs and Tories.
b. Political events.
c. Military events :
1. Soldiers furnished the British army.
2. Soldiers furnished the American army.
3. Battles.
d. Monuments, markers or other memorials.
3. During the period of National Development, 1783-1860:
a. Increase of wealth and population.
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b. Founding and growth of towns.
c. Schools - private and public; noted teachers.
d. Newspapers.
e. Religious conditions - churches, noted preachers, famous religious meetings, etc.
f. Internal Improvements :
1. Deepening of rivers.
2. Digging of canals.
3. Road building.
4. Railroads.
g. Industrial conditions :
1. Agriculture.
2. Commerce.
3. Manufactures.
h. Military events :
1.
War of 1812.
2.
War with Mexico.
i. Political events.
V. Secession and the Civil War, 1861-1865.
1. Sentiment of the people on secession.
2. Secession campaign of 1861.
3. Soldiers furnished to the Confederacy.
4. Battles.
5. Monuments.
VI. Reconstruction, 1865-1876.
1. Carpet baggers :
a. Where they came from.
b. Character.
c. What they did.
d. Results of their control.
2. Ku Klux Klan :
a. Number of dens in the county and loca- tions.
b. Leaders and membership of each.
c. What the Ku Klux Klan did.
d. Results of their activities.
3. The Negroes and Reconstruction :
a. Relation between the whites and negroes before the Civil War.
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b. Influence of the carpet baggers on the negroes.
c. Disturbances between the whites and negroes.
d. Results.
VII. Since Reconstruction, 1876-1911.
1. Important political events.
2. Erection of public buildings.
3. Development of the public school system.
4. Road building.
5. Railroads.
6. Commerce.
7. Manufactures.
8. Agriculture.
9. Increase in population and wealth :
a. Population in 1880:
1. Urban.
2. Rural.
b. Population in 1910:
1. Urban.
2. Rural.
a. Wealth in 1880:
1. Urban.
2. Rural.
b. Wealth in 1910:
1. Urban.
2. Rural.
c. Causes of increase.
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