USA > North Carolina > History of North Carolina V. I, Pt. 1 > Part 3
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The 6th, Master John Arundall was sent to the main and Manteo with him; and Captain Autry and Captain Boniton the same day were sent to Croatoan, where they found two of our men left there with thirty others by Captain Raymond twenty days before. The 8th Captain Autry and Captain Boniton returned with two of our men, found by them, to us at Wocokon.
The HIth day, the General accompanied by divers gentlemen in
5
GRENVILLE'S VOYAGE
1585
bis tilt boat ; Master Lane with twenty others in the new pinnace ; Captain Amadas with ten others in a ship-boat, and Francis Brook and John White in another ship boat, passed over the water from Wecokon to the mainland, victualled for eight days; in which voyage we first discovered the towns Pomeiok, Aquascogok and Secotan; and also the great lake called by the savages Paquique.
On the 12th, we came to Pomeiok: the 13th we passed by water 10 Aquascogok: the 15th we came to Secotan: the 16th we returned thence, and one of our boats with the Admiral was sent to Aquas- cogok to demand a silver cup, which one of the savages had stolen from us, and not receiving it according to his promise, we burned and spoiled their corn, all the people being fled.
The 18th, we returned from the discovery of Secotan, and the same day came aboard our fleet riding at Wocokon.
1
The 21st. our fleet anchoring at Wocokon, we weighed anchor for Hatorask.
The 27th, our fleet anchored at Hatorask and there we rested.
The 20th. Granganimeo, brother to Wingina, came aboard the Admiral and Manteo with him.
The 2d of August the Admiral was sent to Weapomeiok.
The 5th Master Arundell was sent for England.
The 25th our General weighed anchor and set sail for England, leaving one hundred and seven men under the government of Master Ralph Lane.
AN ACCOUNT Of The Particulars Of The Employments Of THE ENGLISHMEN Left in Virginia by RICHARD GRANVILLE, Under the Charge of
MASTER RALPH LANE, General of the Same;
From the 17th of August, 1585, until the 18th of June, 1586,
At Which Time They Departed the Country.
Sent and Directed to SIR WALTER RALEGH.
6
CONTEMPORANEOUS DOCUMENTS
1585
1585. Lane's Account, Hakluyt, 111, 311
First, therefore, touching the peculiarities of the country, you shall understand that our discovery of the same has been extended front Roanoak (the same having been the place of our settlement or inhabitation ) into the South, into the North, into the Northwest and into the West.
The uttermost place to the southward of any, Secotan, being from estimation four score miles distant from Roanoak. The pas- sage from thence was through a broad sound within the main, the same being without kenning land and yet full of flats and shoals.
To the Northward our fartherest discovery was to the Chesipeans, distant from the Roanoak about one hundred and thirty miles; the passage to it was very shallow and most dangerous. .
There be sundry Kings whom they call Weroances, and countries of great fertility, as the Mandoages, Tripanicks and Opossians, which all came to visit the Colony of the English, which I had for a time appointed to be residents there.
To the Northwest, the fartherest place of our discovery, was to Chawanook. distant from Roanoak of about one hundred and thirty miles. Our passage thither lay through a broad sound, but all fresh water : and the channel of great depth. The towns about the water's side, situated by the way, are the following : Passaquenoke, "the woman's town." Chepanoc. Weapomeiok, Muscamunge, and Metack- wein. all those being under the juridiction of the King of Wca- pomeiok, called Oki.co. From Muscamunge, we entered into the river and the jurisdiction of Chowanook: there the river begins to straighten until it comes to Chowanook and then groweth to be as narrow as the Thames between Westminster and Lambeth.
Between Muscamunge and Chowanook, upon the left hand as we pass thither, is a goodly highland, and there is a town which we call the blind town, but the Savages call it Ohanoak. It has a very goodly cornfield belonging to it. It is subject to Chowanook. Chowanook itself is the greatest province and seignory lying upon that river. and the very town itself is able to put seven hundred fighting men into the field, besides the forces of the province itself. The King of the said province is called Menatonon. In March 1586. amongst other things he told me that going a three days' journey in a canoe, and then descending to the land, you are within four days' journey to pass over land Northeast to a certain King's country whose province lays upon the Sea. . . . Very near ( Chowanook) directly from the West runs a most notable river, and in all these parts most famous, called the river Moratoc. This river opens into the broad sound of Weapomeiok: and whereas the river Chowanook, and all the other sounds and bays, salt and fresh, show no current in the world in calm weather, but are moved alto-
1586
L.INE'S. ACCOUNT
Hier with the wind. this river of Moratoc has so violent a current trinn the West and Southwest, that it made one almost of opinion that with oars it would scarcely be navigable.
On the 8th day of June came advertisement to me from Captain Stafford, lying at my Lord Admiral's Island. that he had discovered a great feet of three and twenty sails, but whether they were friends or foes, he could not yet discern. He advised me to stand upon as good guard as I could. The 9th of the same month he Himself came unto me. having that night before and that same vay travelled by land twenty miles. He brought me a letter from the General, Sir Francis Drake. The tenth day he arrived in the road of our bad harbor; and coming there to anchor on the eleventh day, I came to him !.
[ The above account was written by Lane. On the 19th of June, 16, the whole colony embarked in the fleet of Sir Francis Drake and arrived in Portsmouth on the 27th of July. Among the col- , mists was Thomas Hariot. who wrote and published an extended account of the natural productions of Virginia, and of the nature :I manners of the people inhabiting there. Philip Amadas was hptity governor and admiral of the country. Thomas Cavendish : is also one of the colonists. Extracts from Drake's narrative in low.]
Drake's narrative, 1586
The 9th of June, upon sight of one special great fire (which are · ry ordinary all along this Coast even from the Cape of Florida Isher) the General sent his skiff to the shore where they found eve of our English countrymen. (that had been sent thither the wir before by Sir Walter Raleigh) and brought one aboard, by " hose direction we proceeded along to the place which they make their port. But some of our shipps being of great draught. unable to enter, we anchored all without the harbor in a wild road at Sea. shout two miles from the shore. From whence the General wrote letters to Master Ralph Lane, being Governor of those English in Virginia and then at his fort, about six leagues from the road, 11 an island which they call Roanoak : wherein especially he showed ! w ready he was to supply his necessities and wants which he understood of, by those he had first talked withall.
The morrow after, Master Lane himself and some of his Com- Lihy coming unto him. with the consent of his Captains, he gave Mon the choice of two offers, that is to say: either he would leave " hip, pinnace and certain boats. with sufficient masters and wariners, together furnished with a month's victual, to stay and make
1586, Drake's Narrative, Hawks' Hist. of North Carolina, I, 139
1586
8
CONTEMPOR.INEOUS DOCUMENTS
1586 -
further discovery of the country and coasts, and so much victual likewise that might be sufficient for the bringing of them all (being one hundred and three persons) into England, if they thought good after such time, with any other thing they would desire, or that he might be able to spare; or else, if they had made sufficient discovery already, and did desire to return unto England, he would give them passage. But they. as it seemed. being desirous to stay, accepted very thankfully and with great gladness, that which was offered first. Whereupon the ship being appointed and received into charge by some of their own company sent into her by Master Lane. before they had received from the rest of the fleet the provision appointed them, there arose a great storm (which they said was extraordinary and very strange) that lasted three days together, and put all our fleet in great danger to be driven from their anchor- ing upon the coast. For we broke many cables and lost many anchors: and some of our ileet which had lost all (of which num- ber was the ship appointed for Master Lane and his Company) was driven to put to Sea in great danger, in avoiding the coast and could never see us again until we met in England. Many also of our small pinnaces and boats were lost in this storm. Notwithstanding all this, the Generall offered them (with consent of his Captains) another ship, with some provisions, although not such a one for their turns as might have been spared before, this being unable to be brought into their harbor.
.
Or else, if they would, to give them passage into England, although he knew he should perform it with greater difficulty than he might have done before.
[A few days after their departure Sir Richard Grenville with his relief ships arrived, but finding the colony gone, left fifteen men in the fort to hold possession. ]
THE FOURTH VOYAGE
Made to VIRGINIA,
With Three Ships, In The Year 1587.
Wherein was Transported the Second Colony.
9
IWHITE'S NARRATIVE
Extracts from White's narrative
[ This is an account of the arrival in Virginia of the Lost Colony.]
In the year of Our Lord 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh, intending to persevere in the planting of his country of Virginia, prepared a new Colony of one hundred and fifty men to be sent thither, under the charge of John White, whom he appointed Governor, and also appointed under him twelve Assistants, unto whom he gave a charter, and incorporated them by the name of Governor and Assistants of the "Citie of Raleigh in Virginia."
Our fleet being in number three sails, namely. the Admiral (the Lion), a ship of one hundred and twenty tons, a fly-boat, and a pinnace, departed the six and twentieth of April from Portsmouth. The eighth of May, we weighed anchor at Plymouth and departed for Virginia. The sixteenth. Simon Ferdinando, Master of our Admiral, lewdly forsook our fly-boat, leaving her distressed in the bay of Portugal. . . About the sixteenth of July we fell in with the main of Virginia, which Simon Ferdinando took to be the Island of Croatoan, where we came to anchor, and rode there two or three days; but finding himself to be deceived, he weighed and bare along the coast, where in the night. had not Captain Stafford* been more careful in looking out than our Simon Ferdinando. we had been all cast away upon the breach, called the Cape of Fear ; for we were come within two cables length upon it; such was the carelessness and ignorance of our Master. The two and twentieth of July we arrived safe at Hatorask, where our ship and pinnace anchored ; the Governor went aboard the pinnace, accompanied with forty of his best men, intending to pass up to Roanoke forthwith, hoping there to find those fifteen Englishmen, whom Richard Green- ville had left there the year before, with whom he meant to have wate conference concerning the state of the country and savages, meaning after he had done so to return again to the fleet. and pass along the coast to the bay of Chesepiok. where we intended to make our seat and fort, according to the charge given us. among ·ther directions in writing. under the hand of Sir Walter Raleigh ; but as soon as we were put with our pinnace from the ship, a gentleman by the means of Ferdinando, who was appointed to return for England, called to the sailors in the pinnace, charging them not to bring any of the planters back again, but to leave them in the island, except the Governor and two or three others as he approved ; saying that the Summer was far spent, wherefore he would land all the planters in no other place. Unto this were all the sailors
*In the pinnace.
1587 -
1587. White's Narrative, Hakluyt, 111, 340
IO
CONTEMPORANEOUS DOCUMENTS
1537 -
both in the pinnace and ship persuaded by the Master, wherefore it booted not the Governor to contend with them. but passed to Roanoke, and the same night at sunset went aland on the island. in the place where our fifteen men were left, but we found none of them nor any sign that they had been there, saving only we found the bones of one of those fifteen, which the savages had slain long before. . . . The same day order was given that every man should be employed for the repairing of those houses which we found standing, and also to make other new cottages for such as should need.
The 25th, our fly-boat and the rest of our planters arrived all safe at Hatorask, to the great joy and comfort of the whole company.
The eighth and twentieth George Howe, one of our twelve Assistants, was slain by divers savages, which were come over to Roanoak, either of purpose to espy our company, and what number we were. or else to hunt deer, whereof were many in the island. . . . On the thirtieth of July, Master Stafford and twenty of our men passed by water to the Island of Croatoan with Manteo, who had his mother and many of his kindred dwelling in that island, of whom we hoped to understand some news of our fifteen men. but especially to learn the disposition of the people of the country towards us, and to renew our old friendship with them. . . . We also understood of the men of Croatoan that our inan, Master Howe, was slain by the remnant of Wingina's men, dwelling then at Dasamonquepeuc, with whom Wanchese kept company; and also we understood by them of Croatoan, how that the fifteen Englishmen left at Roanoak the year before, by Sir Richard Greenville, were suddenly set upon by thirty of the men of Secota, Aquoscogoc, and Dasamonquepeuc. . . . The 13th of August, our savage Manteo, by the commandment of Sir Walter Raleigh, was christened in Roanoak. and called Lord thereof and of Dasamonquepeuc. in reward of his faithful service.
The 18th [of August] Eleanor, daughter to the Governor, and wife to Ananias Dare, one of the Assistants, was delivered of a daughter in Roanoak, and the same was christened there the Sunday following, and because this child was the first Christian born in Virginia, she was named Virginia. By this time our ships had, unladened the goods and victuals of the planters, and began to take in wood and fresh water, and to new caulk and trim them for England; the planters also prepared their letters and tokens to send back into England. . . . At this time some controversies arose between the Governor and Assistants about choosing two out of the twelve Assistants, which should go back as factors of the company into England; the next day. the 22d of August, the whole company, both of the Assistants and planters, came to the Governor, and with
Manteo christened Aug. 13, 1587
Virginia Dare, born August 18, 1587
II
WHITE'S NARRATIVE
one voice requested him to return himself into England for the Ixtter and sooner of obtaining supplies and other necessaries for them: but he refused it, and alledged many sufficient causes why he would not. . . . Also he alledged, that seeing they intended to remove fifty miles further up into the main presently, he being then absent, his stuff and goods might be both spoiled, and most of them pilfered away in the carriage.
To remove fifty miles in the interior
[ Eventually White was persuaded to return to England. On 27 Aug., the seventh and twentieth of August the admiral and the fly-boat 1587
weighed anchor and set sail for England, where they arrived in November. The pinnace remained in the sound.]
The names of all the men, women and children which safely arrived in Virginia and remained to inhabit there 1587.
1. 2.
John White John Bright Hugh Pattenson Martin Sutton
White's Narrative
Ananias Dare
Maurice Allen
.John Farre
Chrystopher Cooper
William Waters
John Bridger
Thomas Stevens
Richard Arthur
Griffin Jones
John Sampson
Richard Shabedge
Clement Taylor
John Chapman William Clement Robert Little Hugh Tayler
Thomas Hewet
Humphrey Newton
Hugh Wildye
William Berde
Thomas Colman Thomas Gramme
Lewes Wotton Michael Bishop
Richard Tompkins
Thomas Butler Edward Powell John Burdon Janes Hinde Thomas Ellis
Henry Dorrell Henry Myiton
William Nichols
Names of colonists
Thomas Harris
John Borden Michael Myllet
William Browne
Mark Bennett
Thomas Smith
Dionys. Harvie Roger Pratt George Howe
John Stillman
Thomas Harris
Simon Fernando
Nicholas Johnson
Thomas Warner
Robert Wilkinson John Tydway Ambrose Viccars Edmund English Thomas Topan Henry Berry
Richard Taverner John Earnest Henry Johnson John Starte Richard Darige
Anthony Cage John Jones
William Lucas
Arnold Archand
William Willes John Brooke Cuthbert White
Richard Berry John Spendlove John Hemington
John Wright
Thomas Scott
James Lasie John Cheven
William Sole
John Cotsmur
Henry Rufoote
Charles Florrie
Thomas Phevens
Richard Kemme
John Gibbes
Henry Brown
Henry Payne
1587
Roger Bailey William Dutton
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CONTEMPORANEOUS DOCUMENTS
1587
John Wyles George Martyn Peter Little
Alice Chapman
Thomas Smart George Howe
John Pratt
Bryan Wyles
Margaret Lawrence
William Wythers
Women
Eleanor Dare
Margery Harvie
Agnes Wood
Winifred Powell
Joyce Archard
John Sampson
Savages that were in
Jane Jones
Robert Ellis
England, and re-
Elizabeth Glane
Ambrose Viccars
turned home to
Jane Pierce
Robert Archard
Virginia with them
Audry. Tappan
Thomas Humphrey
Manteo Towaye
[Although this list purports to embrace the names of those who remained in Virginia, yet John White and Simon Ferdinando re- turned to England. and George Howe was murdered before White's departure. Neither physician nor minister is mentioned as such, yet doubtless this colony was accompanied by a minister, as Manteo and Virginia Dare were "christened."]
THE FIFTH VOYAGE of
M. JOHN WHITE
into the
WEST INDIES
and parts of America called
VIRGINIA in the Year 1591
[This narrative was communicated to Hakluyt in February, 1593, and printed by him in 1598.]
On the 20th of March, the three ships, Hopewell, the John Evangelist and the Little John put to Sea from Plymouth with two small shallops. . . .
The third of August, we stood again in for the shore, and at midday we took the height of the same. The height of that place
-
Emma Merimoth Colman
Joan Warren
Children born in Vir-
Jane Mannering
Rose Payne ginia
Elizabeth Viccars
Virginia Dare
Harvie
Boys and Children
I3
WHITE'S VOYAGE OF 150I
we found to be 34 degrees of latitude. Towards night we were within three leagues of the low sandy islands of Wokokon.
On Monday, the 9th of August, the storm ceased and we had very great likelihood of fair weather. Therefore we stood in again for the shore, and came to anchor at eleven fathoms in 35 degrees of latitude, within a mile of the shore. when we went on land on the narrow sandy island. being one of the islands west of Wokokon. Between the main, as we supposed, and that island, it was but a mile over, and three or four feet deep in most places. On the 12th in the morning we departed from thence, and towards night we came to anchor at the Northeast end of the island of Croatoan, by reason of a breach which we perceived to be out two or three leagues into the Sea: here we rode all that night. This breach is in 351/2* degrees and it lays at the very Northeast point of Croa- toan where goes a part out of the main Sea into the inner waters, which part the island from the main land.
The 15th of August. towards evening we came to an anchor at Hattorask in 361/3 degrees. in five fathoms of water. three leaguest from the shore. At our first coming to anchor on this shore we saw a great smoke rise in the Isle Roanoak. near the place where I left our Colony in the year 1587, which smoke put me in good hopes that some of the Colony were there expecting my return out of England.
The 16th and next morning. our two boats went ashore and Captain Cooke and Captain Spicer and their Company with me, with intent to pass to the place at Roanoak, where our countrymen were left. . . . But before we were half way between our ship and the shore. we saw another great smoke to the Southwest of Kindrick's Mounts: we therefore thought good to go to that second smoke first. But that which grieved me more, was that when we came to that smoke, we found no man, nor sign that any had been there lately. nor yet any fresh water in all this way to drink.
Being thus wearied with this journey, we returned to the harbor where we left our boats, who in our absence had brought their casks ashore for fresh water. So we deferred our journey to Roa- noak till next morning, and caused some of those Sailors to dig in the sand hills for fresh water, whereof we found very sufficient. That night we returned aboard with our boats and our whole Company in safety. The next morning it was 10 o'clock aforenoon before we put from our ships, which were then come to an anchor within two miles of the shore. The Admiral's boat first passed the breach but not without some danger of sinking. For at this
*Really about 35°. tNine miles.
150X -
Aug., 1591. White's Narrative, Hakluyt, III, 350
14
CONTEMPORANEOUS DOCUMENTS
time the wind blew at Northeast and direct into the harbor so great a gale that the Sea broke extremely on the bar and the tide went very forcibly at the entrance. Captain Spicer came to the entrance of the breach with his mast standing up and was half passed over. but by the rash and indiscreet steerage of Ralph Skinner. his master's mate, a very dangerous sea broke into their boat and overset them quite. There were eleven in all: seven of the chiefest were drowned ; among them. Captain Spicer and Ralph Skinner. . Our boats and all things filled again, we put off from Hattorask. being the number of nineteen persons in both boats. But before we could get to the place where our planters were left, it was so exceedingly dark that we overshot the place a quarter of a mile. where we espied towards the North end of the island. the light of a great fire through the woods, to the which we presently rowed. When we came right over against it, we let fall our grapnel near the shore, and sounded with a trumpet a call. and afterwards many familiar English tunes of songs. and called to them friendly ; but we had no answer. We therefore landed at daybreak, and coming to the fire, we found the grass and sundry rotten trees burning about the place. From thence, we went through the woods to that part of the island directly over against Dasamonquepeuc: and from thence we returned by the water side, round about the North point of the island until we came to the place where I left our Colony in the year 1586. In all this way, we saw in the sand the print of the Savages' feet of two or three sorts trodden in the night; and as we entered upon the sandy banks, upon a tree. in the very brow thereof, were curiously carved these fair Roman letters, "C. R. O." which letters presently we knew to signify the place where I should find the planters seated. according to a secret token agreed upon between them and me at my last departure from them; which was that in any way they should not fail to write or carve on a tree or posts of the doors the name of the place where they should be seated ; for at my coming away. they were prepared to remove from Roanoak fifty miles into the main.
Fair Roman letters, "C. R. O."
"Croatoan"
Therefore at my departure from them in Anno 1587, I willed them that if they should happen to be distressed in any of those places, that then they should carve over the letters or name a + in this form. But we found no such sign of distress. And having well considered of this, we passed toward the place where they were left in sundry houses; but we found the houses taken down and the place very strongly enclosed, with a high palisade of great trees, with curtains and flankers very fort-like; and one of the chief trees or posts at the right side of the entrance had the bark taken off and five feet from the ground in fair capital letters was graven "Croatoan,"
15
WHITE'S VOYAGE OF 1591
without any cross or sign of distress. This done, we entered into the palisade, where we found many bars of iron, two pigs of iron ; four iron fowlers; iron locker shot, and such like heavy things, thrown here and there, almost overgrown with grass and weeds. From thence, we went along the water side, towards the point of the Creek, to see if we could find any of their boats or pinnaces, but we could perceive no sign of them nor any of the last falcons or small ordnance which were left with them at my departure from them.
At our return from the Creek, some of our sailors meeting us, told us that they had found where divers chests had been hidden, and long sithence digged up again and broken up, and much of the goods spoiled and scattered about, but nothing left of such things as the Savages knew any use of undefaced. Presently Captain Cooke and I went to the place, which was in the end of our old trench made two years past by Captain Amadas-where we found five chests that had been carefully hidden of the planters, and of the same chests three were my own: and about the place many of my things spoiled and broken, and my books torn from the covers, the frames of some of my pictures and maps rotten and spoiled with rain, and my armour almost eaten through with rust. This could be no other than the deed of the Savages. our enemies at Desamonquepeuc, who had watched the departure of our men to Croatoan, and as soon as they were departed, digged by every place where they suspected anything to be buried, but although it much grieved me to see such sport of my goods, yet on the other side, I greatly joyed that I had surely found a certain token of their safe being at Croatoan, which is the place where Manteo was born and the Savages of the island our friends.
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