USA > North Carolina > Toward freedom for all : North Carolina Quakers and slavery > Part 16
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Davis, Jonathan Truman, "Pardoning North Carolinians," North Carolina His- torical Review 23 (July, 1946): 360-401.
Durden, Robert F. "J.D.B. De Bow: Convolutions of a Slavery Expansionist," Journal of Southern History 17 (November, 1951): 441-461.
Evans, Matilda Wildman, "Elihu Embree, Quaker Abolitionist, and Some of His Co-Workers," Bulletin of the Friends Historical Association 21 (Spring, 1932): 5-17.
Fox, Early Lee, "The American Colonization Society, 1817-1840," Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science 37 (1919): no. 3.
Gara, Larry, "Friends and the Underground Railroad," Quaker History 51 (1962): 6f.
Gibson, George H., "Opinion in North Carolina Regarding the Acquisition of Texas and Cuba, 1835-1855," North Carolina Historical Review 37 (April, 1960): no. 2.
Gilbert, Dorothy L., "Quaker Migration to the Western Waters," East Tennessee Historical Publications 18 (1946): N.V.
Hamilton, J.G. de Roulhac, "Benjamin Sherwood Hedrick," James Sprunt Historical Publications, North Carolina Historical Society 10 (1910): 1-42.
Howe, Daniel Wait, "The Laws and Courts of Northwest and Indiana Territories,"
145
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Indiana Historical Publications 2: no. 1. n.d.
Jernegan, M.W., "Slavery and Conversion in the Colonies," American Historical Review 21 (1916): 512f.
Johnson, Clifton H. "Abolitionist Missionary Activities in North Carolina," North Carolina Historical Review 40 (July, 1963): 295-320.
Ketring, Ruth Anna, "Charles Osborne in the Anti-Slavery Movement," Ohio Historical Collections 7 (1937): N.V.
Lindley, Harlow, "A Century in Indiana Yearly Meeting," Bulletin of the Friends Historical Association 12 (1923): 3-21.
Loveland, Anna C., "Evangelism and Immediate Emancipation in American Antislavery Thought," Journal of Southern History 32 (May, 1966): 172-188. Mathews, Donald B., "The Abolitionists on Slavery: The Critique Behind the Social Movement," Journal of Southern History 32 (May, 1967): 163f.
Moser, Harold D., "Reaction to the Emancipation Proclamation," North Caro- lina Historical Review 44 (January, 1967): 55f.
Neuremberger, Ruth Ketring, "The Free Produce Movement: A Quaker Protest Against Slavery," Trinity College Historical Society Papers 25 (1942).
Nichols, Charles H., Jr., "A Quaker Schoolmistress in the Old South," Bulletin of the Friends Historical Association 39 (1950): 6-15.
Purifoy, Lewis M., "The Southern Methodist Church and the Proslavery Argu- ment," Journal of Southern History 32 (August, 1966): 327-328.
Rees, Alan M., "English Friends and the Abolition of the British Slave Trade," Bulletin of the Friends Historical Association 44 (1955): 74-87.
Sherrill, P.M., "The Quakers and the North Carolina Manumission Society," Trinity College Historical Society Papers 10 (1914): 32-51.
Silberman, Charles E., "Chattell Law and the Negro," Fortune 49 (May 1964): 142f.
Sowle, Patrick, "The North Carolina Manumission Society, 1816-1834," North Carolina Historical Review 42 (1965): 64-66.
. "The Quaker Conscript in the Confederate State of North Caro- lina," Quaker History 41 (Autumn, 1967): 95f.
Talbert, Noble J., "Daniel Worth, Tar Heel Abolitionist," North Carolina Historical Review 39 (July, 1962) 284-304.
Taylor, Rosser H. "The Free Negro in North Carolina," James Sprunt Historical Publications 17 (1920): no. 1, Chapel Hill.
. "Slaveholding in North Carolina: An Economic View," James Sprunt Historical Publications 18 (1926): nos. 1 and 2.
. "Slave Conspiracies in North Carolina," North Carolina Histori- cal Review 5 (January, 1928): 20-34.
Turner, Joseph K., "Slavery in Edgecombe County," Trinity College Historical Society Papers 12 (1916): 5-36.
Wagstaff, J.M., ed., "Minutes of the North Carolina Manumission Society, 1816- 1834," James Sprunt Historical Publications 22 (1934): 1 and 2. Chapel Hill: University of N.C. Press, 1934.
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TOWARD FREEDOM FOR ALL
Weaver, Charles Clinton, "The North Carolina Manumission Society," Trinity College Historical Society Papers 1 (1897): 71-77.
Weeks, Stephen B., "The History of Negro Suffrage in the South," Political Science Quarterly 9 (1894): 671-703.
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Theses and Dissertations
Finnie, Gordon E. "The Antislavery Movement in the South, 1778-1836; Its Rise and Decline and Its Contribution to Abolitionism in the West," (Ph.D. Dis- sertation, Department of History, Duke University, 1962).
McKiever, Charles F. "Slavery and the Emigration of North Carolina Friends," (M.A. Thesis, Department of History, East Carolina College, 1962).
Index
Abandonment of ex-slaves, 81 Abbé Grégoire, 29 Abels (Aheb), William, Captain 58 Abolition: urged in North Carolina petition 1849, 73; supported by New York Friends 80, 81
Abolitionism embraced by northern Friends, 93; English Friends, 59 Adams, John Q., opposes aid to Col- onization Society, 50
African Concerns Committee of Indi- ana, 77 African slaves imported, 11 Alamance, Battle of, 21 Albemarle Sound, 1; early home of Quakers, 10 Albertson, Benjamin, summoned for freeing slaves 1786, 31
Albertson, Elihu, summoned 1785, 31,37
Albertson, Phineas, member of Manu- mission Society, 41; Liberian mat- ter, 55, 56
Allen, Emy, marries Herman Husbands, 21
Alston, Amy, purchased to join hus- band, 105
American Colonization Society, 50, 52, 58,72 American Society for Abolition of Sla- very, 42
American Friends Service Commit- tee, 108
American, brig, departs for Liberia, 58
Anderson, John, summoned 1785, 31, 37
Anscombe, Francis, historian, 87 Archdale, John, Quaker governor, 9 Arrington, William, picks up Ned, Per- quimans, 31
Ashmun, Mr., requests documenta- tion, 55 Asiento, conceded to England, 12 Aux Cayes, Haiti, free blacks sent to, 47
Baltimore Association, aids North Carolina, 107, 108
Barbados, 3; charges Fox with incit- ing slaves to revolt, 13
Barbor, Isaac, disowned for selling slave, 35
Barnes, Jack, runaway slave, 94
Bassett, John S., notes laws protecting slavery, 69, 72 Bates, Elisha, clerk of Ohio Meeting for Sufferings, 82
Bayar, B., requests husbandmen for Haiti, 48
Beard, John, member of Manumis- sion Society, 41
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TOWARD FREEDOM FOR ALL
Beaufort, port of, 47; opinion favor- able in, 84
Bellum Servile, feared by Chief Jus- tice Taylor, 67
Benedict, A.S., receives slaves in Ohio, 106
Benezet, Anthony, 4
Benson, Benjamin, rescued by Qua- kers, 62
Bettle, Edward, tries to stop Julius Pringle, 80 Bill of Rights, violated, 27
Binding to former masters sought by ex-slaves, 24
Black Jim, manumitted in Paoli, Ind., 79
Black slavery first recorded in North Carolina 1699, 11
Blair, Rev. John, 7
Blount, Thomas, charges Quakers troublemakers, 29
Bond for freeing slaves: 200-1000 pounds, 33; securities accepted, 33 Bond, Pretlow, summoned 1793, 31 Boone, Daniel, Quaker trailblazer, 76 Borden and Stanton, and McKim Negroes, 84
Borden, Joseph, and Quaker Trustees may not own slaves, 66
Borden, Joseph, assigns slaves to yearly meeting, 61
Boston, 3
Boyer, President Jean Pierre, of Haiti, 48
Branson, Thomas, disowned for frowning, 28
British Crown honored by colonists, 14 Brookfield vs. Stanton, case of, 84 Brookfield, William, sues for freedom, 84
Brown, Aaron, and former slaves, 82; power of attorney for William Mace, 83
Bundy, Benjamin, bondsman, 33
Burcham, John, claims Hannah and Mary, 68
Burcham, William, has Mary bound by court, 68
Burford, S.E., first principal of T. Win- gate Andrews School, 108
Burgesses of North Carolina, exempt Quakers from military service, 21
Burrington, Gov. George, encourages slavery, 12
Buying and selling of blacks question, 16; ends, 25
Byrd, William, views on Carolina, 7, 8
Caldwell, Dr. David, educator, slave- holder, 94
Canada, refuge for slaves, 95
Cane Creek Monthly Meeting: 15; receives Woolman letter 15, 16; near battleground, 21
Captain Douglas, ship, takes refugees to Haiti, 49
Carolinas Charter 1663, 6
Carolinas, Quakers established in 1671, 3 Carolinas, settlement 1663, 6
Carteret, Gov. Peter, flees colony 1672, 8
Carter, George, says Indiana to aid blacks, 77
Carteret Superior Court, rules for Mary, 68
Chappel, John, disowned for slave- holding, 35
Charles, manumitted by Joseph Jordan, 34
Charles II, issues Carolinas Charter, 6; visited by Quakers, 3
Charles, Samuel, reports Indiana hos- tile 1826, 78; and former slaves, 82 Chowan River, historical marker at, 10
Christ, injunction of, violated by slav- ery, 27
Church of England established, 6
Church tax, refuse to pay, 3, 14 Citizens to report freed slaves, 37 Clay, Polly, in Samuel Retman will, 65 Clerks, role of, 5
149
INDEX
Clinton County, Ohio, receives free blacks, 77
Coffin, Aaron, president of Manumis- sion Society, 41
Coffin, Addison, and Underground Railroad, 76, 94; immigrant agent, 107
Coffin, Bethuel, in New Garden litiga- tion, 63, 64
Coffin, Charles F., family moves to Ohio, 76
Coffin, Emory D., advised to emi- grate, 99
Coffin, Levi: president of Underground Railroad, 19; school for blacks, 42; withdraws from Man- umission Society, 42; aids fugitive slaves, 93, 94; Reminiscences, 93, 9; advises emigration, 99; at Newport, 95
Coffin, Vestal: 41; school for blacks, 42; serves Haiti emigration, 42; helps free B. Benson, 42, 62; anti- slavery activist, 78
Colonization in Haiti, authorized, 46
Contentnea Quarterly Meeting, free blacks, 49
Contentnea vs. Dickinson, case of, 66, 67
Cooke, John, reports hostility in Phil- adelphia, 80
Cooper, Benjamin, calms Philadelphia mob, 57 Core Sound, N.C., 56
Costs of anti-slavery work, 85,86
Cox, Herman, Regulator, disowned by Cane Creek, 21
Cox, Isham, receives threatening let- ter, 98
Creecy, Thomas, picks up Ned, 31
Crenshaw, John B., assists Harriet Lane, 104 Cromwell, Oliver, 3 Curry, Arch, dies, papers loaned, 96 Cuts, freed by Joseph Jordan, 34
Daniel, slave willed to New Garden, 63
David, freed by Joseph Jordan, 34
Davis, James, defends Hannah, Mary, 68; McKim Negroes, 83
Declaration of Independence, princi- ples embraced, 27
Declaration of intent required, 33
Deep River Quarterly Meeting, favors free states, 75
Defense of slavery by some Quakers, 35
Delaware, secures freedom of Benson, 63
Denmark Vesey Insurrection, 56
Dick, freed by John Smith; recaptured 70
Dickinson, Contentnea vs., case of, 66,67
Dinah (Sinah, Cena) freed by W. Jessup, 68; resold, 37
Dismal Swamp, 2, 8, 9, 15
Disownment: 5; for slaveholding, 35, 41; frequent, 41; rare, 108
Dissenters, protected, 6
District of Columbia, urge abolition in, 42
Doris, brig, takes free blacks to Liber- ia: 52,53
Dublin Yearly Meeting, aids North Carolina Friends, 107
Dunn, Eliza, wife of George C. Men- denhall, 102
Dyer, Mary, hanged in Boston, 3
Earning a living, concern for freed slave, 24
Eastchurch, Gov., barred 1776, 8
Eastern trustees challenge policy, 71
Ede, slave woman, 94
Edenton, court frees slaves, 38
Edmundson, William, visits Carolina, 8,9
Education of blacks, 28, 42, 43, 71
Eleven Friends free blacks 1777, 24 Elizabeth City, 53
Elliott, Caleb, disowned for slave- holding, 35
Elliott, Miles, summoned 1788, 31
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TOWARD FREEDOM FOR ALL
Elliott, Miles, informer, 70
Elliott, Pharoah, disowned for selling, 35
Ellis, Edwin, disowned for slavehold- ing, 35
Emancipation, universal, favored, 26
Emancipation: papers, 34; deed of, 33,34
Embree, Elihu, editor, 93
Emigration to West, 97, 107
Epistle of Advice 1843, 90
Epistle of 1844, 90, 91
Epistle of 1851, 96 Epistles from London Yearly Meeting, 14 Evans, Joshua, visits Raleigh, 39
Evans, Thomas, tells Friends to follow conscience, 78
Ex-Pennsylvanians, oppose slavery, 17 Ex-Quakers, sue for possession of slaves, 70
Executions in Washington, N.C., 56 Exodus from eastern counties, 40
Farlow, Nathan, Jr., member of Manumission Society, 43
Farlow, Sewell, member of Manumis- sion Society, 43
Fellow, John, takes blacks to Haiti, Indiana, 47,77
Felton, Job, note cancelled, 86
Female branches of Manumission Soc- iety, 43
Fentriss, Thomas, member of Manu- mission Society, 43
First religious meeting in North Caro- lina, 9
Fishkin, Joseph, 64
Folger, Asa: member of Manumission Society, 41; conducts slaves to free- dom, 64, 77
Forster, Josiah, opposes colonization, 59
Forty slaves freed 1777, 24
Fountain City (Newport), Ind., on Underground Railroad, 95
Fox, George: Quaker founder, 2, 3; visited America, 3, 9; charged with inciting slaves to revolt, Barbados, 13
Free blacks, protected by Quakers, 38 Free states, alternate haven, 47
Freed slaves, sold by court, 26
Freedmen's Song, 106
Freeman, Sarah, wills slaves to John Newlin, 67, 68
Fugitive Slave Law, 95
Fundamental Constitutions of Caro- lina, 6
Gallatin, Albert, 29 Gallipolis, Ohio, blacks free in, 76
Gardner, Barzilla, member of meet- ings for sufferings, 103
Gardner, Delphina, marries George C. Mendenhall, 103
Garrison, Wm. Lloyd, publishes Liber- ator, 93
Gaston, Judge Wm. S .: lawyer for yearly meeting, 44; prepares docu- ments, 44, 45; gains release of pri- soners, 66; address at Chapel Hill, 45
George, manumitted by Joseph Jordan, 34
Genius of Universal Emancipation, 93 Germantown Protest, 16
Gibson, George W., on Quaker influ- ence, 88
Government, Quakers active in, 9
Governors, Quaker, 6
Grace period dropped, 26 Greensboro Patriot, 19, 42, 51
Greensboro, N.C., Daniel Worth jailed in, 92
Griffin, James, assigns slaves to yearly meeting, 61
Griffith, John, opinions of North Caro- lina 1765, 14, 15
Guilford College, admits blacks in 1962, 108
Gurley, R.R., American Colonization Society, 51
151
INDEX
Guthrie, Claiborne, sells Black Jim, 79
Hagar: manumitted by Reston Lamb 1786, 34, 65; picked up in Perqui- mans 1788, 34
Haiti: free blacks sent to, 42, 47; Cooke report favorable, 80; in dis- favor, 50
Hall, Associate Justice John, dissents in Contentnea vs. Dickinson, 67
Hamilton, John, attorney, 32
Hannah (Stringer): slave willed to New Garden Meeting, 63; sues for freedom of self, daughter, 68
Harchett, Joseph, owner of Wil Him- mie, 31
Hare, Henry, entertains refugees, 105 Hare, William, entertains refugees, 105
Harris, J. accompanies Delphina and slaves, 105
Harris, Joseph, conducts slaves to Ohio, 77
Harris, Obadiah: membership at New Garden delayed, 19; approved, 20
Harrison, Jordan, supports anti-slav- ery work, 80
Harry, denied freedom, resold, 37
Hatchett, Joseph, summoned 1783, 31
Head of Little River, meetings for blacks, 16
Hedrick, Benjamin: dismissed from University of North Carolina, 92; describes exodus of anti-slavery families, 98, 99
Helper, Hinton Rowan, author of Impending Crisis, 92
Henley, Jesse: membership at New Garden delayed, 20; condemns con- duct, received, 20 Henley, Joseph, summoned 1788, 31
Hertford; Sheriff Williams of, 31; his- torical marker at, 10
Hiatt, John, visits Obadiah Harris, 19
Hiatt, Joseph, member of Manumis- sion Society, 43
High Point Normal and Industrial In- stitute, 108
Himmie, Wil, ex-slave, 31
Hinshaw, clergyman, 54
Hireling ministers, opposed, 5
Hiring of new slaves discouraged, 101 Hiring out slaves forbidden, 71 Historical marker, Hertford, 10
Hoag, Joseph, 81
Hobbs, Mary Mendenhall, recalls war, 107
Howard and Brown set: freedom threatened, 56; sent to Liberia, 56- 59
Howard, Horton, and former slaves, 82
Howard, John: and former slaves, 68, 82; defends action, 82
Hubbard, Jeremiah: member of Manumission Society, 41; defends colonization, 50, 59
Hunt, Joseph: member of Manumis- sion Society, 41; conducts slaves to freedom, 77
Hunt, Nathan, member of Manumis- sion Society, 41
Hunt, Samuel, member of Manumis- sion Society, 43
Hurlbeson, summoned 1788, 31
Husbands, Herman, Regulator, dis- owned, 21
Hyde, Edward, Governor, 10
Illinois, desirable for blacks, 75 Importation of slaves opposed, 22, 39 Indiana Yearly Meeting of Anti-slav- ery Friends, 90
Indiana Yearly Meeting urges aboli- tion, 60
Indiana: black settlement said illegal, 56; said desirable for blacks, 75; Constitution of 1851 excludes free blacks, 96
Indian, mother of Peter was, 30
Indians: respected, 9, 10; Quakers refuse to fight, 10; enslaved, 11;
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TOWARD FREEDOM FOR ALL
protect African slaves, 12; must pur- chase lands of, 28
Insurrection: Act to Prevent, 26; feared, 26
Integration, encouraged by American Friends Service Committee, 108
Iredel, Gov. James, member of Colon- ization Society, 50
James, Dolley, 1000 pounds bond for, 33
Jefferson, Thomas, sees slavery contradiction, 29
Jenkins, Gov. John, deposed 1676, 8 Joe (Jo): kidnapped, 64; returned to
Kentucky, 64; route traveled, 75, 76 Johnson, Col. Richard, intervenes for Joe, 64
Jones, Allen, presents bill in Com- mons, 38
Jones, James, on committee to inves- tigate free states, 75
Jones, James, of Tennessee, 81
Jordan, Joseph, manumission paper, 34
Jordan, Richard: and ex-slaves, 81; defends action, 83
Jude, freed under law of 1777, 31 Judkins, Joel and ex-slaves, 82
Julius Pringle, schooner: docks in Philadelphia, 56, 57; sails for Liber- ia, 59
Kennedy, John: anti-slavery work, 52, 53,61
Kennedy, Thomas: anti-slavery ser- vice, 76; visits Haiti, 49; 84 Kidnapping of free blacks, 72 King George III, Quakers loyal to, 21
King, Francis T., represents Baltimore Association, 107
Labor shortage in Haiti, 48 Lamb, Reston, manumits Hagar, 34, 65 Lancaster, Aaron, witness, 34
Lane, Harriet, freedom sought, 104, 105
Lawyers, engaged to defend blacks, 24,31,32
Legislature suspects Quaker motives, 25
Leonard, John, member of Manumis- sion Society, 43
Liberator, anti-slavery journal, 93
Liberia: colony for free blacks, 50, 54, 57, 58, 73
Lindsay, David, treasurer of coloniza- tion unit, 50
Little Jane, story of, 79
Little River, visited by Woolman, 15
London Epistle praises American Quakers, 41
London Yearly Meeting: 4; North Carolina subordinate to, 14; sends anti-slavery commission, 92; sends relief, 107
Lost Colony, the, 6 Lot, slave willed to New Garden, 63
Lundy, Benjamin, abolitionist, 43, 46, 48,93
Lynchings in North Carolina, 56
Mace, Benjamin: and Haiti, 49, 57; to emigrate, 59
Mace, Francis, to protect Howard blacks, 82
Mace, Jonas: and Colonization Socie- ty, 50; and ex-slaves, 56; sees refu- gees off, 58
Mace, William, represents Aaron Brown, 83
Macon, Nathaniel, says Quakers troublemakers, 29
Macy, Enoch, helps free B. Benson, 62
Macy, Paul, Jr., member of Manumis- sion Society, 41
Macy, Paul, member of Manumis- sion Society, 41 Madison, President James, President of American Colonization Society, 50 Manumission Society, North Carolina 41-43
153
INDEX
Manumission aided by North Carolina Yearly Meeting, 24
Manumission paper issued by Joseph Jordan: transcript, 34
Manumission: papers to be prepared, 24; restricted by law, 23
Marlboro, last meeting of Manumis- sion Society in, 43
Marshall, Capt., claims free blacks, 66
Martin, Josiah, Gov., acknowledges Quaker address, 21
Mary (Stringer), bound to Burcham, 68
Massachusetts, persecutes Quakers, 3 McKim Negroes, 82-84
McKim, John, estate of, 82, 83, 84
McPhail, John: colonization agent, 53; Norfolk, Va., 55
Meeting for sufferings, North Caro- lina, 60; established 1824, 47; en- dorses colonization, 47
Meeting for Sufferings, England, 3 Mendenhall, Cyrus P., slaveholder 1860, 102
Mendenhall, Delphina, anti-slavery activist, slaveholder, poet, 93, 102- 107
Mendenhall, George C .: state senator, 42; attorney for Wright estate, 64; disowned for slaveholding, 102; will free slaves, 104; will validated, 106 Mendenhall, James, member of Manumission Society, 41
Mendenhall, James Ruffin: son of George C., 102, 103; turns back slaves, 104
Mendenhall, Mary, member of Colon- ization Society, 50
Mendenhall, Mordecai, member of Manumission Society, 43
Mendenhall, Nathan, member of Meeting for Sufferings and Manu- mission Society, 41, 49, 50, 51, 55, 69, 81, 82, 83
Mendenhall, Nereus, reads Impending Crisis, 92
Mendenhall, Richard: member of Manumission Society, 41; member of Colonization Society, 51-56; heads committee to protect ex- slaves, 81; to publish Epistle of 1843, 90; said to harbor runaways, 96
Meritorious service: required for manumission, 23; alleged for Peter, 30
Methodist Episcopal Church South, 90 Mexican War, opposed by North Carolina Friends, 73
Military service: seek exemption from, 14, 100
Militia, refuse to join, 3
Miller, Gov. Thomas, jailed 1677, 8
Miller, Job, disowned for selling, 35
Miller, Maria, reports free blacks in jail, 55
Millican, Benjamin, member of Manu- mission Society, 43
Milton, W. A. attorney for standing committee, 32
Missouri Compromise, causes despair, 98
Model Farm, established by Balti- more Association, 107
Moore, Charles, sheriff, Perquimans, 37
Moore, Hannah, summoned 1793, 31
Moore, Hugh, anecdote about Haiti, 49
Moore, Jonathan, censured for selling, 22
Moore, Joshua, summoned 1785, 31, 37
Moravians: 19; store gunpowder, 25; Sunday School for blacks, 43
Morris, Caleb, holds Quaker Free Negroes, 53
Moses, manumitted by Joseph Jordan, 34
Mt. Pleasant, Ohio: emigration point, 76
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TOWARD FREEDOM FOR ALL
Murdaugh, Josiah, disowned for sel- ling, 35
Murphy's Station, on route to Union lines, 105
North Carolina Abolition Society, joins Manumission Society, 42
North Carolina Supreme Court, Wright Case lost in, 64
Nacy (Nancy), freedom denied, 30
Nantucketers arrive, 19
Nash, Judge, Carteret Superior Court, 68
Nat Turner Rebellion, 43, 56, 57 Nautilus, ship 51, 55
Navy, U. S., assists Colonization Soci- ety, 50
Naylor, James, 2
Ned, recaptured slave, 31
New Bern, 49
New England Yearly Meeting, bans slaveholding, 16
New Garden Boarding School, 99; aided by Baltimore Association, 107 New Garden area, terminus of Under- ground Railroad, 94
New Garden Monthly Meeting: re- ceives Woolman letter, 15,16; Har- ris-Henley troubles at, 19, 20; anti- slavery band at 42; receives Wright slaves, 63
New Garden, school for blacks, 42
New Jersey Friends, assist refugees, 57
New Jersey, permits manumission, 27 New Orleans, blacks said resold in, 50 New York Friends: become reluctant, 80; sponsor school for blacks, 108
Newbegun Creek: visited by Woolman, 15; appoints meeting for blacks, 16
Newby, Cortney, bondsman, 33
Newby, Exum: summoned 1788, 31; protector of Penny, 63
Newby, Francis, chairman Perqui- mans County Court, 70
Newby, Gideon, seeks freedom for
Peter, 30 Newby, Jonathan, disowned for slave- holding, 35
Newby, Robert, summoned 1793, 31
Newby, Thomas, manumissionist, first to free slaves 1777, 23, 24, 27, 30,31
Newby, Thomas, slaveholder 1860, 102
Newlin vs. Freeman, case of, 67
Newlin, John, and Sarah Freeman slaves, 68
Newlin, Joseph, member of Manumis- sion Society, 43
Newlin, Nathaniel, purchases-frees Jim, 79
Newport (Fountain City) Ind., emigra- tion point 76; Underground Rail- road station, 95
Nixon, Phineas: member of Manumis- sion Society, 41; accompanies blacks to Haiti, 47; investigates free states, 75; writes manumission papers, 79; 48
Nixon, Samuel, wills slaves to Symon's Creek, 65
Nixon, Zachariah, summoned 1788, 31
Non-Quakers assign slaves, 61
Norfolk, Va., refugees sent to, 105 North Carolina Abolition Society joins Manumission Society, 42
North Carolina Supreme Court rules against Quakers, 64
North Carolina Yearly Meeting: estab- lished 1698, 9; prohibits traffic in slaves, 17
Northwest Territory, attracts Qua- kers, 98
Norton, William, Regulator, disowned at New Garden, 21
Ohio: Black Law of 1804, 96; said fav- orable to black settlement 1823, 75; entry to manumit prohibited 1831, 80
Old Neck, visited by Woolman, 15;
155
INDEX
appoints meetings for blacks, 16 Olmstead, Frederick Law, on atmos- phere in North Carolina, 88 Origin of Quakers, 1-5
Osborne, Charles, organizes Manu- mission Society, 41; published anti- slavery material, 93
Outland, J., disowned for hiring, 35 Outland, Thomas, conducts slaves to Indiana, 77
Outland, Thomas, assigns slaves to yearly meeting, 61
Overman, Isaac, president of Coloni- zation Auxiliary, 50
Ownership of slaves by yearly meet- ing authorized 1808, 44
Parker, Isaac, invites Quaker Negroes to Ohio, 80
Parker, Josiah: describes outfitting for Liberia, 53; reports refusal to go to
Liberia, 54; on committee for free states 75
Parker, Samuel, witness, 34
Parsons, Samuel, reports no room on Long Island, 80
Pasquotank County: first meeting- house in North Carolina 1704, 10;
Passes, required of blacks, 72
Passports: for black emigrants, 105 Pastors, serve North Carolina meet- ings, 108
Patience, freed by Joseph Jordan, 34 Patrols, reactivated, 72
Patt, freedom denied, resold, 37
Patterson, David, frees slaves in Haiti, 46
Peace appeal to U.S., Confederate congresses, 100
Peace testimony threatened, 100
Peacock, Peter, disowned for hiring, 35
Peale, James, delivers blacks in Phila- delphia, 57
Peale, Robert, conducts slaves to Indi- ana, 77
Peck, Harriet, teacher, abolitionist, 70
Peg, slave willed to New Garden, 63 Penn, William, 3; owned slaves, 12 Pennsylvania, Quakers established 1682, 3; permits manumission, 27; blacks sent to, 76, 77
Penny, yearly meeting to defend, 63 Perquimans County: 15; slaves freed in 1777, 24; freedom of Peter re- quested from, 30
Perquimans Monthly Meeting, focus of manumissions: Prohibits Sunday labor 1738, 16, 23, 24, 25
Perry, Sarah, willed to Symon's Creek, 65
Peter, freedom requested, 30
Petition Burgesses and King, 22, 23
Petitions to North Carolina Legisla- ture, 1787, 1788, 1790-1793, 1798, 26,38
Philadelphia Friends: discourage black immigration, 57; contribute to care of blacks, 59; reluctant to receive more, 80
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting: testi- fies against slavery 1696, 16; opposes slave trade, 16; contributes to removal effort, 49
Philadelphia-Chester Friends, assist refugees, 57
Philanthropic Society of Haiti, offers contracts, 48
Phillips, Henry, first Quaker in North Carolina 1665, pp. 8, 9
Phillips, U.B., on Revolution, 29
Phisiac, Joseph, denies ownership of Hannah, 68
Phisiac, William, entrusted with Howard blacks, 82
Piney Woods, visited by Woolman, 15
Porter, William Sidney (O'Henry), 19 Prepare blacks for resettlement, 75 Presbyterians, 7, 19
Pretlow, Joshua, shelters refugees, 105
Pritchard, Benjamin, holds Quaker Free Negroes, 55
Pritchard, David, Esq., chairman
156
TOWARD FREEDOM FOR ALL
County Court of Pleas, Pasquotank, 70 Proctor, Billy, fears resale, 91 Protection of freed slaves by former owners, 27
Quaker Free Negroes, 47
Quakers: established yearly meetings in London, Dublin 1671, 3; toler- ated slavery, 12
Queen Anne's War, 12
Query of 1758 encourages slaves to attend meetings, 16
Query seven, slave query, revised: 1770, 1772, 1773, 1775, 1776, 1778, 20-25
Query six, (new number of slave query) 1779, 25; encourages care of free blacks 1783, 36
Rachel, manumitted by Joseph Jordan, 34
Radcliff, Samuel, to take family to Haiti, 49
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 6
Raynolds, William, member of Manu- mission Society, 43
Reasons in Support of Error, 31, 32
Red Bank, N.J., haven for Julius Prin- gle, 57
Redman (Retman) Samuel, wills slaves to yearly meeting, 62; wills slaves to Symon's Creek, 65; vs. Thomas Wright, New Garden case, 63
Redman, Betsy, wins appealed case, 64
Reeve, Mark, requests blacks in Tenn- essee, 81
Regulators, 21
Religious meetings for slaves 1758, 16; restricted by law, 72
Revolutionary War, 25, 29 Rewards for manhunters, 26 Rich Square records cited, 83 Richmond, Ind., emigration point, 76 Roanoke Island, colony, 6
Robertson (Robinson) conducts slaves to Liberia, 58 Rose, freedom denied, resold, 37
Royal African Company, 12 Ruffin, Judge of Wayne Superior Court, 66
Ruffin, Chief Justice of North Carolina Supreme Court, 64
Ruffin, Thomas, defends slaves at New Garden, 63
Runaway slaves, 91
Sale of freed slaves ordered, 26 Sale of land buys husband's freedom, 86 Sally Ann, ship, takes blacks to Haiti, 47 Salvation required freeing slaves, 29 Sam, manumitted by Joseph Jordan, 34
Sam, slave willed to New Garden, 63 Sampan, Jim, released from prison, 66
Saunders, Congressman Romulous: represents Quaker District, 42; helps free Joe, 64
Saxapahaw, Blacks work in Newlin mill, 68
School for blacks, New Garden, 42
Schools established by Baltimore Association, 107
Scotch-Irish immigrants, 19
Securities accepted for bond, 33
Seizure of freed slaves legalized, 26
Separation of families forbidden, 22 Shadrack, yearly meeting seeks free- dom of, 65
Shepherd, John, disowned for hiring, 35
Sherbro Island, first African haven, 51 Silas, freed by Joseph Jordan, 34
Simons, John, slaveholder, Pasquo- tank, 102
Skinner, Sheriff Richard, Perquimans, 31
Slave breeding considered, 91 Slavery authorized in Fundamental
157
INDEX
Constitutions, 11 Slaves in proportion to free (table), 97 Smith, John; and ex-slaves, 82; requests freedom of Peter, 30; manumits Dick 1788, 70 Smith, Leah, summoned 1793, 31 Smith, Samuel, frees Peter, 30 Society for Propagation of the Gospel, 11 Sothel, Gov. Seth, banished 1689, 8 Sovey, freedom denied, resold, 37 Spiritous liquors, 99
Stafford, Joseph, conducts slaves to Indiana, 77
Stagecoach to Richmond, Ind., 76 Stalker, Aaron: 90; member of Manu- mission Society, 43 Stampp, Kenneth, 72
Stanly, John C., free black, 55, 66
Stanton, Jonathan, loses appeal, obtains reversal, 84
Stanton, Owen, saves children, 62 Stringer vs. Burcham, case of, 68 Stuart, John, to investigate free states, 75
Sufferings, computed in money, 14 Summonses to Quakers who freed slaves, 31
Sunday Schools, maintained by Balt- imore Association, 107
Sussel, John, ransoms free black, 86 Sutherland, Daniel, citizens petition freedom of, 69
Swaim, Benjamin, member of Manu- mission Society, 43
Swaim, George, agent of meeting for sufferings, 50, 57, 59, 62, 75
Swaim, Moses, president of Manumis- sion Society, 42
Swaim, Margaret, in will of Samuel Retman, 65
Swaim, William, Editor of Greensboro Patriot, 42
Symon's Creek: visited by Woolman, 15; meetings for blacks 16; receives slaves in will of Samuel Nixon, 65
Symons, Ira, assigns slaves to yearly meeting, 62
T. Wingate High School, 108
Talbert, William, clerk of Indiana Meeting for Sufferings, 78 Tappan brothers, oppose coloniza- tion, favor abolition, 59
Taylor, Chief Justice John, rules against Quakers, 67
Telmont, law school, 102
Texas, admission opposed, 72
Theophilus, black child, assigned to yearly meeting, 61 Thompson, John, sells free black, 62 Thornbrough, Edward, Regulator; recants, 21
Toms, Foster, disowned for hiring, 35 Tories, Quakers accused of being, 29 Travel expenses paid, 86
Trent River Meeting moves entire, 40, 97
Trueblood, Thomas, holds Quaker Free Negroes, 53
Turner, Miles, bond for Dolley James, 33 Turner, Nat, troubles, 43, 56, 57
Tuscarora War, Quakers refuse to fight in, 10
Underground Railroad, 91, 94, 95 Urmstone, John, missionary, requests slaves, 11
Vina, Black washerwoman, New Garden, 96
Virginia, 1; Friends move to North Carolina, 1, 10; yearly meeting urges tenderness, 16; laws more lenient, 27
Wages paid to free blacks, 36 Washington, Bushrod, president of American Colonization Society, 50 Weeks, Stephen B., historian, 51 Wells-Perquimans Meeting: 22; visited by Woolman, 15
158
TOWARD FREEDOM FOR ALL
Wesleyan Methodist Church, 89
Western Quarterly Meeting, leads anti-slavery cause, 16
White, Aaron, agent of meeting for sufferings: 53; reports Haiti unsuit- able, 49; rescues emigrants from canal, 53, 54; 65
White, Benjamin, Sr., slaveholder 1860, 102 White, Caleb, 56
White, Catharine, and ex-slaves, 82, 83
White, Daniel, note cancelled, 86
White, David, agent of meeting for sufferings: 52, 59, 63, 65, 77, 79, 86 White, George F., opposes abolition- ists, 90
White, Jacob: summoned 1788, 31; assigns slaves to yearly meetings, 61
White, John, conducts slaves to Indiana, 77
White, Joshua, slaveholder 1860, 102 White, Josiah, summoned 1788, 31; bondsman, 33
White, Miles, agent of meeting for sufferings, 50, 78, 81
White, Samuel, bondsman, 33
White, Thadeus, leads slaves to free- dom, 79
White, Thomas: summoned 1783, 31; former owner of Wil Himmie, 31; to defend Penny, 63
Whittier, John Greenleaf, abolition- ist, 93
Williams, Richard, visits Obadiah Harris, 19
Williams, Sheriff of Hertford 1783, 31 Wilson, Caleb, summoned 1788, 1793, 31
Wilson, Elmina, relates story of Little Jane, 79
Winslow, Caleb; summoned 1794, 31; bondsman, 33; seeks freedom of Mills, 69
Winslow, Henry, power of attorney for Samuel Charles, 82
Wistar, Thomas, responds for Phila- delphia, 48
Woodard, Richard, informer, 70
Woolman, John: 4, 17; opposes slav- ery, 15; visits Virginia, North Caro- lina, 15
Worth, Daniel, anti-slavery activist, 41, 89,90,92
Worth, Jonathan, Governor, Senator: 19; disowned, 70; frees Daniel Worth, 92
Wright case, lost in North Carolina Supreme Court, 64
Wright, Thomas, assigns slaves to New Garden, 62
Wright, Willie, contests will of Thomas Wright, 63
Young Friends conduct slaves to freedom, 78
Zilpah, slave assigned to yearly meet- ing by James Griffin, 61
HIRAM H. HILTY is also the author of Friends in Cuba and has contributed articles to several Quaker journals. A graduate of Hart- ford Theological Seminary, he received a Ph.D. degree from Duke University. He is Professor Emeritus of Spanish at Guilford College, where he taught for thirty years. Hiram Hilty is a member of the North Carolina Friends Historical Society, Friends Historical Asso- ciation, and the Swiss American Historical Society. He is a member of New Garden Friends Meeting, Greensboro, North Carolina.
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ISBN 0-913408-83-2
DATE DUE
OCT 0 2
OCT 28
AUG 17 92
DEC 18
AUG 23 '83
DEMCO 38-297
Duke University Libraries D00757800R
D00757800R
DUKE LSC
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