USA > Nebraska > Buffalo County > Buffalo County, Nebraska, and its people : a record of settlement, organization, progress and achievement, Volume I > Part 39
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"I defended Smith in the first two trials and in the third had the assistance of 'Jim' Laird. One evening after supper, during the trial at Lowell, while Smith and another murderer that 'Jim' Laird defended and was waiting to try, were both left in the court room chained to the bar railings, and only one man on guard, Laird learned that an organized mob of some hundreds of men had come in from Kearney Junction to hang his client and mine, and thereupon Laird and I got out our little pocket pistols and started for the courthouse. We managed to get the password and get through the line of sentinels, and up into the court room; we got a prop for the lone guard to put against the door and then we got down in the narrow stairway and as the mob came in and up to the foot of the stairs we cocked our shooting irons and the mob skeedaddled. Judge Post and District Attorney Dillworth collected a posse to guard the prisoners and then the mob dispersed."
The population of Buffalo County at this date ( 1875) was approximately twenty-eight hundred and of Kearney Junction approximately seven hundred. Nearly 20 per cent of the voters of the county were summoned as grand jurymen or as talesmen from which to select the petit jury and of all of the talesmen thus summoned none lived within ten miles of Kearney Junction.
It is a conservative estimate to make that 80 per cent of the voters of the county were in attendance at the trial of Smith and it is also true that in no criminal event in the history of the county did so large a per cent of the people come in touch, in contact, as it were, as in the trial of Jordon P. Smith for the murder of Milton M. Collins.
The expense of this trial to Buffalo County was $5,555-35. The first trial in the county being $3,886.65, the second trial in Kearney County $693, the third trial in Adams County $975.70.
In the year 1881 H. C. McNew, editor of The Shelton Clipper, writing of cowboy troubles at Kearney, says: "During the early days of Kearney that town had a good deal of trouble with herders who infested this section of Nebraska at that time.
323
HISTORY OF BUFFALO COUNTY
"It was at that place where Peeler received wounds that made him a cripple for life, and he is now living in Western Texas. He was a crack shot, using either hand with deadly effect, but he got hit twice with needle gun bullets during a midnight call of vigilantes. This knocked all the 'sand' out of him and settled him for life. 'Texas Spence' received deadly wounds during an after- noon's shooting match on the streets of Kearney between citizens and herders. He lived a few days and crossed to-no one knows. This about broke up the trouble and the town settled down to quietude and has ever since retained that state. Bill Bland was the leader of the herders in all this trouble. He was a bad man and met a violent death last summer at Fort Griffin, N. M., being shot down by a company of soldiers sent out into that country to kill off such characters. Robert Stimson, then city marshal, shot a 'tenderfoot' herder named Smith (Brown) whom he was attempting to take up the street."
THE MURDER OF BROWN BY CITY MARSHAL STIMSON
It was a beautiful day in the month of June that the writer and his brother visited the City of Kearney in order to purchase some harvesting machinery. As we drove into the city about II o'clock in the forenoon, we saw, south of the track, a young man riding at a rapid gait and making a great deal of unneces- sary noise.
We put up our team at "Jimmie" O'Kane's and had started to visit A. L. Webb's implement store on the north side, when, as we were crossing the rail- road, our attention was called to the cowboy, whom City Marshal Stimson had arrested near the courthouse, and was, it was stated, taking him to the mayor's office in the north part of the city. The cowboy, unarmed except a quirt hang- ing at his wrist, was riding his pony and the marshal's revolver glistened in the sunlight as he walked beside the boy on his pony.
The report had quickly spread that the marshal had arrested a cowboy and scores of men had congregated in the vicinity of the railroad crossing awaiting the coming of the marshal and his prisoner.
The first building north of the crossing and on the west side of the street was a law office, a one-story building, with a sleeping room above. In front of this building the cowboy reined in his pony, facing the building, and seemingly addressing a person in the room above the law office, said, "Don't you see this d-d pony don't want to go any farther?" The boy did not attempt to escape. He did not attempt to strike the marshal or his pony. He was dressed in shirt and trousers, unarmed except for a quirt hanging at his wrist. There were scores of men within easy reach to assist the marshal had he called for help. The marshal stood so close to the boy that he had to step backward in order to straighten his arm, which he did, and shot the boy through the body. As the boy lurched in the saddle from the effect of the shot, he exclaimed. "For God's sake, don't shoot me." The marshal shot him a second time as the boy was falling from the horse. With the quirt still hanging to his wrist the wounded boy was carried into the office and laid on a lounge. As recalled, no attempt was made to dress his wounds or relieve his suffering.
When the writer returned from his noon-day lunch the boy was dead.
324
HISTORY OF BUFFALO COUNTY
Immediately after the shooting the writer called on a banker with whom he was well acquainted, Frank S. Trew, stated what he had just witnessed and insisted it was a case of deliberate murder, that the killing was uncalled for, not justified. The banker replied, in substance, "The people of Kearney will stand back of their officers in all matters of this kind."
A grand jury refused to indict the marshal and he was not tried for the killing of the boy. It developed that the boy had come from Pennsylvania the fall before, had helped care for some cattle being wintered west of Kearney and when spring came had worked as "tender" for a mason in plastering a house. Having earned some money he had ridden his pony to the city, doubtless taken a few drinks of beer, imagined he was a truly enough "cowboy," and thus met his death. While he was killed by the city marshal, he was buried at the expense of the county.
It is not believed by the writer that Marshal Stimson should be greatly blamed in the matter. The people of Kearney had been terrorized by cowboys made reckless and dangerous by intoxicating liquors purchased at open saloons in the city. The marshal himself, it is believed, was, as the saying is, "scared to death," imagining he was dealing with a dangerous cowboy. It is recalled and also related that for years Mr. Stimson "toted" a shotgun, day and night, wherever he went.
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CHAPTER XLVI
RESOURCES OF BUFFALO COUNTY-FERTILITY OF SOIL-GROWING OF FRUITS-CROP PRODUCTION-IMPORTANCE OF ALFALFA-VALUE OF PROPERTY BY DECADES- TAXES PAID BY DECADES-TOTAL TAXES PAID TO DATE-NUMBER OF FARMS- VALUE OF CROPS-VALUE OF LIVE STOCK-POPULATION OF COUNTY BY DECADES.
(Note-The following article on the "Resources of Buffalo County was pub- lished in a "Booster" edition of The Ravenna News in the year 1913.)
OUR BUFFALO COUNTY HOME
The sun is shining bright in our Buffalo County home. 'Tis summer and the roses are in bloom ;
The days are bright and joyous and happiness abounds. There is naught to cause a feeling here of gloom.
The robin and the mourning dove, the blue jay and the thrush, Are flitting and a singing in the trees.
There's a rustle, and a murmur like a song comes from the leaves, Gently stirring in a soft, caressing breeze.
The fields of wheat are waving and like billows gently roll; The rows of corn they show a lighter green ; The purpling alfalfa will soon be in the stack- Can there elsewhere be a more delightful scene?
Soon the trees within the orchard will be bending with their load, The cherries are already growing red; There is happiness and comfort in the shade beneath the trees, With their branches gently moving overhead.
Oh the sun is shining bright in our Buffalo County home, The days are full of comfort and delight ; No strife disturbs the day-dreams, so restful to the mind, Nor the sweet and peaceful slumbers of the night. S. C. B. Echo Farm, June, 1913.
Buffalo County contains 985 square miles, and while there were many squat- ters on land within its borders at the date of this first election, January 20, 1870,
325
326
HISTORY OF BUFFALO COUNTY
only three claims (homesteads or pre-emption) had been filed upon in the general land office. These claims were the Boyd Ranch in Gibbon Township, pre-empted in 1867 by Joseph Boyd, two homestead claims in what is now Shelton Town- ship, one by Andrew Buest, the other by O. E. Thompson. Between the date of January 20, 1870, and January 1, 1880, a period of ten years, 1,265 homesteads and pre-emption claims located in Buffalo County were filed upon in the general land office.
In discussing agricultural resources of Buffalo County we can, therefore, begin with a fixed date, January 20, 1870, when the county was settled, its agricultural resources unknown and, of course, undeveloped.
The soil of the county is largely a sandy loam of great depth and exceedingly fertile. There are thousands of acres in the county which have been continuously cropped for forty years, the crop yield at the present time equaling that of earlier date. Where proper crop rotations are observed, the fertility of soil seems well nigh inexhaustible.
Next to fertility of the soil the most important agricultural resource is an abundance of wholesome water for domestic purposes. In this respect Buffalo County is supremely blest. In addition to the Platte, the Loup, the Beaver and Wood rivers there is beneath the surface at varying depths, according to surface elevation, a continuous and unfailing supply of water, having an average tem- perature of 52°. The waters of this underflowing river are easily and cheaply brought to the surface to be made use of for domestic purposes and to some extent irrigation purposes.
In 1870 Buffalo County was a treeless plain, the only timber being narrow belts along running streams. Today groves of timber are seen in great abundance and in every direction. In the forty-two years trees have been planted which have grown to such size and maturity that they have been sawed into lumber suitable for building and other commercial purposes.
While not advising that the growing of commercial orchards would prove profitable, yet it is easily possible to raise all the fruits needed for home con- sumption. In its virgin state in the county there were numerous orchards of plums, large in size and delicious to the taste; white grapes abounded, and at any early date one writer in describing Wood River said, "Wood River is a vast serpentine vineyard, literarlly festooned with wild grapes."
Apples, cherries, plums, peaches and small fruits, such as gooseberries, rasp- berries, etc., thrive and yield good returns. There are in the county orchards of apple trees planted in the early 'zos in which the trees are still healthy, vigorous and bearing fruit annually, some of these trees yielding thirty bushels of matured fruit in a season. The varieties which seem to have best stood the test for all these years and are still bearing annually are the Ben Davis, Whitney, Wealthy, Winesap, Duchess, Red June, Early Harvest, Jonathan and Siberian crab. There need be no lack of abundant fruit for all family purposes on any Buffalo County farm if the owner will plant suitable varieties and properly care for them.
In the matter of crop production, such as corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye and vegetables, it can be said that for forty years the farms of Buffalo County have been producing these in great abundance. Totaling these crops into millions of
327
HISTORY OF BUFFALO COUNTY
bushels gives no adequate idea of their value and importance, but when we take into consideration that Buffalo County has at the present time a population of 21,907 people, that vast improvements have been made, that great wealth has been accumulated, public buildings been erected, rivers and streams bridged, thousands of happy homes established, that the people are prosperous, happy and contented, and that real poverty is practically unknown in our midst, and when we consider that all of these things are dependent on the one question, profitable crop produc- tion, it is self-evident that our agricultural resources in this respect are great and can be depended upon in years to come.
In a natural way, ours is a grass country, that is, natural grasses cover our bluffs and valleys and the tame grasses and clovers are easily cultivated and prove profitable.
Since first settlement, the greatest discovery in the development of our agri- cultural resources is that of the alfalfa plant and its adaptability to our soil and climatic conditions. Buffalo County is in the very heart of that portion of our state and nation in which the alfalfa plant seems best to thrive. There are in our county fields of alfalfa which for more than twelve years have produced annually three, and sometimes more, cuttings a year. This without re-seeding, cultivating or fertilization of the soil. It would seem that there is almost no limit to time in which profitable crops of alfalfa can continuously be pro- duced from our soil. When our people come to realize the importance of the value of this crop and its cultivation becomes more general it will add an annual income of millions of dollars to our agricultural resources.
It seems to the writer that the increase in population in the county and the growth and development of its agricultural resources can most correctly and forcibly be expressed by comparisons based on valuations of property in the county for assessment purposes and comparisons showing amount paid for pub- lic purposes. It is generally conceded that the real value of our property is at least seven times that value taken for purposes of taxation. On this basis let us illustrate the increase in wealth in the county by decades. The following table shows the value of all real and personal property in Buffalo County by decades since 1870 :
Year.
Value of Real and Personal Property.
$ 5.522,916
1870
1880
8,522,52I
1890 25,687.403
1900
19.333.233
1910
50,695,799
1912
52,951,385
The following table shows the amounts of state, county, township, village and school taxes paid in Buffalo County on certain specified years since organ- ization of county :
Year.
Total Tax.
1870 1880
$ 7,868 52,650
328
HISTORY OF BUFFALO COUNTY
Year. Total Tax.
1890
243,381
1900
176,680
1910
330,133
1912
369,403
The total state, county, township, village and school district taxes paid in Buffalo County since its organization in 1870, including the year 1912, amounts to $7,747,803.
Buffalo County has 604,800 acres. Two thousand four hundred and forty- six farms and the value of all crops produced in 1909 (U. S. census) amounted to $3,725,724. The value of all livestock in 1909 (U. S. census) amounted to $4,305,243.
The population by decades in Buffalo County is as follows :
Year.
Inhabitants.
1870
193
1880
7,531
1890
22,16I
1900
20,254
1910
21,907
CHAPTER XLVII
PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE RECORDS IN BUFFALO COUNTY-RECORDS DATING FROM THE YEAR 1849-RECORDS KEPT AT FORT KEARNEY, KEARNEY, RAVENN.A, ELM CREEK AND WATERTOWN-A CONTINUOUS RECORD KEPT BY ERASTUS SMITHI AND MEMBERS OF HIS FAMILY FROM 1878 TO DATE, 1915-IIIGHEST TEM- PERATURE ; LOWEST TEMPERATURE; AVERAGE TEMPERATURE-AVERAGE DATE OF KILLING FROSTS IN SPRING AND AUTUMN.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION IN BUFFALO COUNTY
Through the courtesy and kindness of Director G. A. Loveland of the Nebraska section of the climatological service of the weather bureau, United States Department of Agriculture, herewith is presented the monthly and annual precipitation, also mean temperatures as relate to Buffalo County. The keeping of a record of precipitation was begun at Fort Kearney in the year 1849, and in later years a like record has been kept at the City of Kearney. The keeping of such a record was begun by the late Erastus Smith at Ravenna in the year 1878 and continued until his death in 1909, and the record is still being kept by mem- bers of his family.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION AT FORT KEARNEY AND KEARNEY.
Elevation, 2,147 feet.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann.
1849
0.47
0.06
1.06 1.07 2.88
9.93
7.70 5.38
1.66
2.78 1.84 2.21
1.18
4.60
1.07 0.18 5.50 5.88
2.12 0.40 2.56
0.20
28.62
1858.
1.45
0.24
1.94
4.04
1.56 3.55
0.49 3.02
1.76
2.10
3.35
0.21
0.07
26.14
1859
0.20
0.37
2.99
0.65
3.95
0.66
1.80
2.76
2.03
0.38
0.21 0.10
16.10
1860
0.27
0.34
0.00
I.O]
0.68
4.82
3.82
0.75
3.52
1.08
0.08
16.85
1861
0.75
0.62
0.27
0.20
3.66
4.13
3.06
2.13
2.49
0.32
1.01
0.48 0.70 0.13
19.34
1862.
0.86
0.43
1.41
1.35
3-37
5.41
3.50
4.00
0.00
0.39
1863
0.40
0.73
0.14
1864.
1865.
1866
0.76
0.26
1.75
2.25
0.75
1867
1868.
0.03
6.12 7.86 10.74
4.00
6.05
0.27 0.43
2.60
0.52 1.35 0.26
2.24 1.00
0.73 0.08
0.75 0,00 1.48 1.35 29.10
1856.
0.27
0.52
0.64
3.44
3.18
4.65
1857
1.06
0.00
0.12
1.21
5.23
3.02
1853.
0.00
0.02
0.08
6.10
8.46
2.47
1854
0.23
1.33
1.87
2.56
5.40
1855
1.00
0.25
1.35
0.68
4.15 4.91
2.20
2.86 2.69 8.28 3.51 3.90 5.09 8.50 4.41
4.69 2.14 4.39
1.92 2.65
1.80
0.10 0.10
. ...
1851
1.15
0.97
0.14
0.73 9.43
3.50
1852.
0.12
0.25
0.28
0.73
0.30 25.07
1850.
0.26 1.57
1.00 0.76
26.44
20.05 29.90 26.65 . ...
. .
329
1.75
T.
2.17 0.94
330
HISTORY OF BUFFALO COUNTY
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann.
186
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877
1878.
1879.
0.77
0.50
0.05
2.87
3.15
5.02 11.80
I.IO
2.10
0.50
0.75
0.17
28.78
1880.
0.15
0.20
0.33
0.85
1.22
5.12
4.50
4.05
4.00
1.50
0.40
1.20
23.52
188I .
2.40
2.60
2.65
2.05
9.30
4.35
3.90
1.80
4.65
2.90
0.55
0.25
37.40
1882.
0.95
2.70
0.00
2.95
7.15
2.40
3.45
1.60
2.10
2.85
1883.
1884
1885.
1886
1887.
1888.
1889
1890
1891
1892.
0.71
2.51
4.75
0.97
4.39
3.68
0.39
1.71
0.30
0.60
1893.
0.16
1.IO
1.37
0.40
7.49
4.99
2.89
1.37
1.46
0.42
0.04
1.17
22.86
1894
0.81
0.99
1895
0.20
..
T.
2.10
4.96
6.90
3.26
3.49
3.49
1.98
1.25
1.55
0.54
29.82
1897
0.32
0.99
1.08
6.52
1.18
3.34
4.01
1.60
2.51
5.70
0.82
1.68
29.75
1898
0.17
0.25
0.01
3.60
4.II
4.18
1.76
2.53
3.4
0.65
0.45
O.IO
21.24
1899
0.00
0.60
0.60
0.25
4.92
2.03
1.70
3.32
2.94
2.10
3.70
T.
T.
21.76
190I .
0.10
0.32
2.15
4.00
0.66
5.42
4.71
8.66
2.57
4.98
4.13
0.03
0.55
35.15
1903.
0.22
2.25
1.2I
1.78
8.64
4.63
8.40
7.19
0.52
1.04
0.58
0.02
36.48
1904.
0.21
0.01
0.14
2.51
2.78
6.69
4.73
3.54
2.0I
3.86
0.19
0.II
26.78
1905.
0.98
0.87
0.88
3.85
8.69
8.17
5.22
2.29
5.88
0.76
1.45
0.00
39.04
1906
0.72
0.46
1.18
5.84
3.86
1.30
5.05
5.02
4.27
2.76
. .
. ..
0.97
0.19
0.64
2.86
6.04
5.33
3.25
0.27
2.17
0.70
0.05
22.57
1909.
T.
0.59
1.49
0.61
1.98
2.15
3.65
1.00
3.3I
1.49
1.72
1.12
19.II
1910.
0.70
T.
0.05
0.55
2.39
4.46
1.81
3.44
2.61
0.74
0.30
0.50
17.55
I9II.
0.15
0.40
0.IO
1.75
1.45
1.28
3.15
5.38
3.29
2.3I
T. 0.55
19.81
1912.
T.
0.72
2.90
1.68
0.54
2.05
4.55
1.35
1.90
1.61
1.00
0.10
18.40
1913.
0.30
1.15
1.44
3.58
1.95
3.05
0.96
0.97
1.98
0.05
0.58
4.62
20.63
1914.
0.05
0.95
1.39
1.57
1.25
4.89
2.86
2.28
1.84
0.96
T.
1.40
19.44
1915
0.98
1.40
2.25
3.06
6.04
8.44
7.96
6.84
. .
Means.
0.49
0.6g
1.14
2.44
4.08
3.95
4.47
2.89
2.54
1.69
0.72
0.63
25.40
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION AT RAVENNA.
Elevation, 2,028 feet.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann.
1878.
0.24
0.32 3.50
1.36 2.71 2.37
4.59
1.40
2.16 0.06 0.60 0.33 19.64
I879.
0.65 0.44 0.10 2.69 4.14 2.23 9.20
2.10
2.28 0.83 0.61 0.41 26.68
..
...
4.77
7.93
4.90
5.10
0.85
0.45
1.20
1.00
27.65
1900
T.
0.65
0.40
1.64
3.15
2.05
4.17
6.32
1.30
0.82
0.10
26.12
1902.
0.75
0.60
2.09
2.00
2.55
3.55
2.30
0.71
1.77
0.25
0.80
0.10
. .
. .
. .
. .
0.00
0.70
....
...
....
2.66
2.95
2.10
0.43
0.13
0.48
. .
. .
. .
1907.
1908
0.10
2.64
2.44
3.65
4.30
3.40
0.90
0.37
....
...
1896
0.30
331
HISTORY OF BUFFALO COUNTY
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann.
1880.
0.27
0.06 0.67
0.99
1.17
6.80 2.19 2.86
2.15
1.72
0.19
0.64
19.71
ISSI .
0.98
2.22
1.75 2.13
7.32 6.00
6.14
1.27
0.99
1.28
2.49 3.98
0.06 0.04
0.50
24.10
1884
0.36
0.49
1.31
2.76
3.83
6.34
3.55 5.86
1.92
3.05 2.35
0.00 0.13
0.70
1.17
27.34
1888.
0.34
0.79
3.46
3-53
4.55
2.0I
5.28
4.22
0.48
0.31
0.09
0.60
25.66
1889
1.02
0.03
1.45
2.03
1.43
4.02
8.76
1.79
1.35
1.04
0.95
0.25
24.12
1890
1.83
0.52
0.83
2.76
2.85
2.75
1.66
1.98
0.86
2.04
1.03 0.08
1.98
35.95
1892.
1.69
1.93
2.79
2.78
4.77
2.28
1.64
4.17
0.88
1.83
0.49
0.35
25.60
1893.
0.05
1.27
1.87
0.99
4.27
2.92
2.39
0.85
1.26
0.66
0.21
1.39
18.13
1894.
0.73
0.52
0.81
1.97
0.99
3.28
1.38
1.49
1.37
2.49
0.12
0.51
15.67
1895.
0.31
1.56
0.42
2.28
2.05
5.05
1.16
3.09
2.62
0.10 1.45
1.14 1.30
0.18 0.14
27.50
1897.
0.60
0.88
1.61
5.21
1.94
5.82
1.73
6.54
1.63
4.96
0.30
1.53
32.75
1898.
0.33
0.68
0.23
2.23
3.15
3.25
2.19
1.72
3.10
0.56
0.69
0.37
18.50
1899
0.05
0.89
0.90
0.86
1.93
8.91
2.1I
5.33
0.45
0.58 3.17
0.94 0.30
1.14 0.25
21.74
190I.
0.25
0.90
3.42
2.7I
1.39
3.63
2.37
2.88
6.76
1.67
0.84
0.33
27.15
1902.
0.80
0.70
1.51
0.46
6.82
3.89
8.96
3.42
5.35
3.95
0.17
1.03
37.06
1903.
0.37
2.55
1.50
1.45
6.73
3.94
9.58
7.62
0.51
1.87
0.74
0.03
36.89
1904
0.16
0.02
0.88
2.05
2.50
2.79
7.48
4.50 4.65
4.49
1.10
1.65
T.
33.28
1906
0.51
0.82
1.52
6.39
2.27
2.12
4.00
4.57
2.35
2.70
0.85
1.60
29.70
1907.
0.31
0.84
0.20
1.35
1.93
2.5I .
2.54
4.II
2.82
0.17
0.0.4
0.75
17.57
1908.
0.20
1.19
0.19
1.25
2.62
9.68
3.90
5.16
0.78
2.89
0.19
0.07
28.42
1909
0.26
1.20
0.53
I.IO
2.55
1.78
5.47
2.74
1.57
1.52
1.77
1.41
21.90
1910
0.81
0.04
0.19
1.80
2.05
4.70
2.02
3.73
2.31
0.72
0.23
0.87
19.47
IgII.
0.55
0.77
0.23
2.18
2.72
1.56
3.74
4.26
1.70
3.47
0.36
0.79
22.26
1912.
0.77
0.69
1.95
1.55
3.24
4.83
3.17
2.34
1.55
2.12
0.20
0.80
4.99
25.87
1914.
0.17
0.68
1.02
1.49
1.96
7.79
0.83
3.28
2.61
0.76
0.00
0.84
21.46
1915
0.95
1.64
2.52
2.18
4.05
6.39
5.98
3.89
Means.
0.61
0.88
1.27
2.60
3.37
3.96
4.08
3.23
2.18
1.68
0.63
0.77
25.08
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION AT WATERTOWN.
Elevation, 2,299 feet.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann.
1906
1.04
1.95
4.41
3.74
1.90 2.15
3.92
1.36
1.04 . . ..
1907
0.80
0.70
0.15
0.56
2.59
2.61
2.97
2.93
2.94
0.99
1.73
0.55
I.II 0.22
1.45 0.75
15.47 16.14
IgII.
0.40
0.38
0.21
1.98
2.94
1912
0.33
0.31
0.92
1.91
1.59
0.87
2.23
1.05
2.47
1.IO
0.75 0.82
0.15 4.53 0.52
19.15
1915.
0.42
1.82
2.40
3.89
4.27
5.85
5.16
4.87
2.86
1.90
1.76
0.55
1.06
18.95
Means
0.3.4
0.71
0.64
1.85
2.43
3.26
3.50
2.52
3.12
1.13 2.39 2.68
1.24 0.54 5.22
0.01
0.62
23.54
1913.
0.30
0.70
0.60
3.35
2.87
3.06
2.85 0.83
0.90
1.70
0.00
1914
0.08
0.56
0.43
2.86
2.28
5.73
2.42
1.73
1.71
0.00
0.37
24.08
1 883.
0.59
0.74
0.41 2.60
4.29
4.44
2.62
3.39
0.80
0.59
1.38
0.13 1.09
23.58
1886.
1.57
1.13
3.16
2.84
3.61
1.57
1887
0.45
1.15
O.II
4.01
2.71
5.83
1891.
2.21
1.21
2.29
5.16
2.86
9.09
5.10
3.40
1.54
1.03
0.35
0.12
1.67
5.72
4.58
2.66
5.37
0.89
3.25
1900.
0.0I
1.40
0.37
3.56
2.25
1.90
4.36
1.74
2.43
2.34
4.47
0.12
0.14
27.45
1905.
1.25
0.98
0.88
3.97
6.94
4.76
2.61
1.43
2.16
0.58
1.90
0.99
1.60
0.18
16.42
1913.
0.30
0.78
1.26
0.23
0.73
2.95
5.88
4.55
1.53 3.64
1.52
1.40 3.48
4.10
0.37
0.09
0.30 16.31
1909.
0.16
0.61
0.58
0.77
1.07
1910.
0.56
0.02 0.20
0.60
2.70
1.72 2.24
2.97
4.12
3.91 4.18
2.76
4.55
5.10 3.76 0.88 0.17
37.72
1882
0.54 0.45
0.00 2.90
6.87
3.37
4.76
1885
0.39
0.87
0.29
3.4I
0.97 1.48 1.07
25.56 25.93
1.40 0.93
0.04
19.15
20.26
1896.
24.09
1908
0.02
0.00 21.89
13.68
21.68
2.56
1.61
3.14
332
HISTORY OF BUFFALO COUNTY
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION AT ELM CREEK.
Elevation, 2,268 feet.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann.
1908.
1909
0.00
0.49 1.50
1.21
2.82
4.69 2.26
5.91 5.76
1.42
2.93
2.38
0.60
0.17
1.15
26.78 17.36
1913.
0.17
0.63
1.12
3.97
4.73 4.08
5.57
2.72
1.25
1.45
0.00
23.05
1915.
0.71
1.56
2.17
3.22
8.70 10.34
2.36 8.93
5.09
Means
0.43
0.83
1.28
2.18
4.01
4.54
4.28
3.08
2.04
1.48
0.61
1.4I
23.13
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE AT RAVENNA.
Elevation, 2,028 feet.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann.
1889.
16.0
25.0
34.I
52.4
59.0
78.8
70.4
60.1
50.4
39.3
32.9 49.2
1891.
28.2
16.2
27.8
51.5
58.6
68.5
69.5
66.2
50.5
33.2 29.9 47.1
1892.
16.2
26.2
33-5
47.2
52.2
73.1
73.9 70.6 75.4
65.4 66.1 66.0 69.0 60.7 71.5
48.2 49.4 55.0 48.0
35.4 27.8 35.6
23.6
49.8
1898.
29.2
32.2
37.2
48.6
56.8
70.0
74.2
75.0
64.7
32.5
25.8 49.5
1899
24.4
12.8
27.3
50.2
60.0
70.0
71.8
74.8
64.8
54.2
43.0 25.7
48.2
1900.
30.2
19.8
36.7
51.8
62.7
72.0
75.5
76.9
66.3
57.7
33.2
51.6
1901.
26.3
20.4
37.0
49.2
59.9
72.2
83.0
75.8
64.0
55.2
36.0 39.7 38.8
20.6
48.6
1903.
27.2
19.8
35-5
50.I
58.5
64.2
72.8
70.8
59.5 61.5
54.1
37.7
28.8 48.4
1904.
23.4
24.8
38.8
46.2
59.8
67.2
71.3
71.2
63.6
54.3
42.9
28.0
49.3
1905.
15.4
44.0
47.6
57.0
69.6
70.6
73.6
66.4
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