USA > New Hampshire > Carroll County > History of Carroll County, New Hampshire > Part 2
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LXXIII. CONWAY. - (Continued) . . 843 Brief Sketches of some of the Early Set- tlers, their Families and Descendants - Physicians -Schools.
LXXIV. CONWAY. - (Continued) . . . . 859 Ecclesiastical - First Preaching - What Rev. Timothy Walker wrote - Mr Moses Adams - Rev. Mr Porter's Letter - Church Organization - Covenant - Sign- ors - First Minister - Other Pastors - Second Church - Meeting-houses - Bap- tist Church - Protests - Organization - Petition for Incorporation - Pastors - Reorganization - Other Pastors - Con- way Freewill Baptist Church - Methodism in Conway - Episcopal Church.
LXXV. CONWAY. - (Concluded) . 873
Industrial Development - Mills, Tanneries, and Stores in 1832 - Largest Tax-payers in 1832-Chaises in 1832-Conway in 1858 and 1872 -- Farms, etc .- Couway Village in 1879- Conway Savings Bank - Sturte-
xi
INDEX TO TOWNS.
CHAPTER
l'AGE
vant's Peg-wood Mill- Kennett's Spool Factory - Conway House - Peqnawket House -Other Business Interests - North Conway- Scenery-Libraries-North Con- way Water-works, etc. - Railroad Stations - Hotels-Kearsarge House -North Con- way House- Sunset Pavilion - Bellevne House - Eastman House -. Artists' Falls House - McMillan House - Randall House - Moat Mountain House - Past and Present Business Men and Interests - The Intervale - Intervale House, etc. - Kear- sarge Village- Merrill House - The Orient - The Ridge - Redstone - Centre Conway - Cotton's Manufactory - Centre House, etc. - South Conway - Green Hills - Conway Street - East Conway - Bio- graphical Sketches.
LXXVI. BARTLETT . 909
Description-Scenery-Mountains-Rivers - The Saco - Incorporation - Grant - Lientenant Vere Royse - Pioneers - Rela- tive to a Bridge over East Branch - Roads and Bridges- Signers to a Petition - An- drew McMillan's Petition - Mills - Some- thing Coucerning Early Settlers - Names on the Tax-list of 1811.
LXXVII. BARTLETT. - (Continued) . . . 917 Town Annals and Civil List - Action of Town in the Rebellion.
LXXVIII. BARTLETT. - (Concluded) . . . 927 Early Hotels and Staging - Physicians - Bartlett Village - Bartlett Land and Lum-
CHAPTER PAGE
ber Company -- Kearsarge Peg Company - Description - Business Interests - Glen Station - Later Hotels-Resources - Free- will Baptist Church - Methodist Episcopal Church -Chapel of the Hills - Biographi- cal Sketches.
LXXIX. HART'S LOCATION . 942
LXXX. JACKSON 945
Introduction-Scenery - Situation-Monn- tains - Incorporation-Grants - First Set- ilers - Petitions - First Town-meeting - First Road - Inventory of 1801 - Some Early Settlers and their Descendants - Personal Sketches.
LXXXI. JACKSON. - (Concluded) . .. . 956
The First Schoolhouse - Early Teachers - School Surroundings, etc. - Freewill Baptist Church -Rev. Daniel Elkins and Other Pastors - The Protestant Chapel Association - Temperance - Libraries Manufacturing and Merchants - Hotels - Centennial Celebration - Civil List - Action of Town in the Rebellion - Character of the People - Glen Ellis Falls - Biographical Sketches.
LXXXII. CHATHAM . . 977
Description - Population - Families -Ac- tion of the Proprietors - Early Settlers - Extracts from Town Records -Chatham in the Rebellion-Reminiscences of Samuel Phipps, Jr-Church History - Education - Civil List - Biographical Sketches.
INDEX TO TOWNS.
PAGE
PAGE
ALBANY
782
JACKSON
945
BARTLETT
909
MADISON
802
BROOKFIELD
450
MOULTONBOROUGII
392
CHATHAM
977
OSSIPEE
579
CONWAY .
815
SANDWICHI
644
EATON
788
TAMWORTH 731
EFFINGHAM
531
TUFTONBOROUGHI
422
FREEDOM
560
WAKEFIELD
462
HART'S LOCATION
942
WOLFEBOROUGHI
279
BIOGRAPHIES AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
CARROLL COUNTY MAP
. Facing 1
MOUNT AND LAKE CHOCORUA
engraving
106
PARKER, CHARLES II.
224
WEED, COL WILLIAM M.
engraving
245
IHILL, JUDGE DAVID H.1
engraving
249
EASTMAN, HON. JOEL
engraving
266
PITMAN, HON. G. W. M.
engraving
270
AVERY, SAMUEL
engraving
373
PICKERING, DANIEL
engraving
380
BROWN. ADAM
engraving
383
HUGGINS, SAMUEL
. engraving
386
HUGGINS, JOHN P.
. engraving
388
WHITTON, HON. THOMAS L.
· engraving
389
PEAVEY, JOHN L.
engraving
447
SANBORN, HON. JOHN W.
engraving
521
GARVIN, CAPTAIN EBENEZER
· engraving
524
CANNEY, MOSES B.
engraving
527
DORR, GEORGE S.
engraving
557
TOWLE, ELIAS
engraving
574
THURSTON, JOSIAH
engraving
576
THE QUARLES FAMILY
engraving
638
GRANT, NATHANIEL, M.D.
engraving
640
WHITE, CHARLES, M.D.
engraving
706
WENTWORTH, COL JJOSEPH
engraving
714
HOYT, AARON BEEDE
engraving
715
WIGGIN, MEHITABLE BEEDE
MARSTON, HON. MOULTON II.
engraving
719
HEARD. HON. WILLIAM A.
engraving
720
FELLOWS, COL ENOCH Q.
engraving
728
FELLOWS, CHRISTOPHER C.
726
SKINNER, DANIEL M.
engraving
727
STEVENSON, JOHN M.
engraving
779
PERKINS, EDWIN R.
engraving
. 780
SNOW, EDWIN
. engraving
799
MASON, NATHANIEL R.
engraving
895
ABBOTT. HIRAM C.
. engraving
. 898
637
QUARLES, LIEUT-COL SAMUEL D.
engraving
708
COOK. JOHN
engraving
709
COOK, ASA S.
engraving
711
713
THE WENTWORTH FAMILY
717
PERKINS, TRUE
. engraving
' As an appreciation of many kindnesses and valuable assistance rendered in preparing this History, the engraving of Judge Hill Is contributed by the publishers.
391
PEAVEY, COL JOIIN
529
DEMERITT, JOIN
WHITE. CHARLES HENRY, SURGEON U. S. N.
xiii
BIOGRAPHIES AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
MORTON, LEANDER S.
engraving
901
MORRILL, JOEL E.
903
PITMAN, IION. LYCURGUS
engraving
903
MURPHY, LADY BLANCHE
905
THIE PENDEXTER FAMILY
935
PENDEXTER, SAMUEL. .
engraving
937
PENDEXTER, CHARLES C.
engraving
938
PENDEXTER, SOLOMON D.
engraving
939
PITMAN, IION. JOSEPII
. engraving
040
TRICKEY, CAPTAIN JOSHUA
· engraving
967
WENTWORTH, GEN. MARSHALL C.
· engraving
969
STILLINGS, NICIIOLAS T.
engraving
972
THE MESERVE FAMILY
973
EASTMAN, ASA
984
CLAY, ITIHIEL E.
engraving
985
HISTORY
OF
CARROLL COUNTY.
CHAPTER I.
THE COUNTY OF CARROLL.
Organization -Towns Included - Additions - Boundaries -Name -Strafford County - Area, Location, and Boundaries - Population, Agriculture, Manufactures, and Wealth - Sta- tistics from Census of 1880 - Financial Condition - Altitudes.
C ARROLL COUNTY was created by an act of the state legislature approved December 23, 1840, which also formed Belknap county. The language of the act concerning the towns embraced in Carroll county is " the said county of .Carroll shall contain all the lands and waters included within the following towns and places, which now constitute a part of the county of Strafford, to wit: Albany, Brookfield, Chatham, Conway, Eaton, Effingham, Freedom, Moultonborough, Sandwich, Tamworth, Tuftonborough, Ossipee, Wakefield, and Wolfborough, and the said towns be, and the same are hereby, severed and disannexed from the county of Strafford."
By an act of the legislature approved January 5, 1853, Bartlett, Jackson, and Hart's Location were disannexed from the county of Coos and annexed to Carroll county.
Boundaries between Belknap and Carroll counties were established in 1841 thus : "Beginning at the easterly termination of the line dividing the towns of Meredith and Moultonborough ; thence running easterly to the southerly point of Long Island in Winnipisseogee lake; thence easterly to the westerly termi- nation of the line dividing the towns of Wolfborough and Alton ; and all the lands and waters lying northerly of said line and between that and said towns
2
HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY.
of Moultonborough, Tuftonborough, and Wolfborough shall constitute a part of said county of Carroll."
The town of Madison was incorporated from the western part of Eaton in 1852.
Carroll county received its name in commemoration of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, one of the most distinguished of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and by the diversified and lovely character of its bewitching scenery is keeping the name a household word in the cultured minds of both the old and new worlds. No other county in the state presents more attrac- tions to the traveler, and none other has received such a wealth of tribute from pen of poet or gifted littérateur.
Strafford county, from which Carroll was formed, was one of the five origi- nal counties of New Hampshire, being made by the same act which created Rockingham, Hillsborough, Cheshire, and Grafton, March 19, 1771. Many of the towns in Carroll have a much older corporate existence than the county, and some of them are as old as the five first counties. The early or pioneer stage belongs here rather to the towns than to the county, and will receive attention in their history.
Carroll county contains an area of nearly six hundred square miles, is sur- rounded on the north by Coos and Grafton counties, east by York and Oxford counties in Maine, southeast by Strafford county, southwest and west by Belk- nap and Grafton counties, and lies between 43º 28' and 44° 35' north latitude, and 3º 20' and 6° 10' longitude east from Washington.
Population, agricultural and manufacturing statistics from census of 1880. - The entire population of Carroll is 18,291, an improvement over 1870, which showed 17,332, and a falling off from 1860, which gave 20,465, and from 1850, which was 20,157. Albany had in 1880, 361; in 1870, 339; Bartlett and Hailes Location. 1,044 in 1880; Brookfield 1880, 428: 1870, 416; Chatham 1880, 421; 1870, 445; Conway 1880, 2,094; 1870, 1,607; Eaton 1880, 629; 1870, 657; Effingham 1880, 865; 1870, 904; Freedom 1880, 714; 1870, 737; Ilart's Location 1880. 70; 1870, 26; Jackson 1880, 464; 1870, 474; Madison 1880, 586; 1870, 646: Moultonborough 1880, 1,254; 1870, 1,299; Ossipee 1880, 1,782; 1870, 1,822; Sandwich 1880, 1,701: 1870, 1,854; Tamworth 1880, 1,274; 1870, 1,344; Tuftonborough 1880, 923; 1870, 949: Wakefield 1880, 1,392; 1870, 1,185; Wolfeborough 1880, 2,222; 1870, 1,995.
In 1880 Carroll county had 2,753 farms, with a total of 168,232 acres of improved land, while 158,019 acres were mountain, woodland, and forest, and 10,213 acres additional were unimproved. The aggregate value of these farms was 81,131,572, including land, fences, and buildings; of farming imple- ments and machinery, $164,626; livestock, $703,680; estimated value of farm products, 8814,849.
There were raised 733 bushels of barley, 1,046 bushels of buckwheat,
3
THE COUNTY OF CARROLL.
86,455 bushels of Indian corn, 35,227 bushels of oats, 1,337 bushels of rye, 14,713 bushels of wheat, 310,937 pounds of maple sugar, 9,874 gallons of maple syrup, 40,869 tons of hay, 229,610 dozens of eggs, 7,970 pounds of honey, 241,050 bushels potatoes, 6,974 fleeces of wool, weighing 32,100 pounds, an annual value of orchard products of $82,032, and 7,778 bushels of beans.
There were 3,402 horses on the farms, June 1, 1880, 4,035 working oxen, 6,082 milch cows, and 8,294 other cattle, 6,974 sheep (excluding spring lambs), 3,476 swine, 32,100 pounds of wool clipped in the spring, 33,238 gallons of milk sold and sent to factories, 465,476 pounds of butter made, and 19,684 pounds of cheese.
The assessed valuation of real estate was $4,374,291, of personal property, $1,439,936. There were 96 manufacturing concerns, with $2,056,245 capital ; employing 780 operatives, who were paid $251,300 annually, and producing $1,707,626 in goods. The financial condition of the county at the end of the last fiscal year is thus given by the county commissioners : -
The County debt May 1, 1889, was :
$9,100.00
Bonds at 6 per cent. 4
40,000.00
Interest on Bonds,
557.86
Call Notes at 4 per cent.
16,029.97
Interest on Notes to May 1, 1889,
660.16
Bills and orders outstanding,
200.00
$66,547.99
The County has assets : -
County Farm and Buildings,
$20,000.00
Personal Property at the Farm,
5,626.43
Cash in hands of Treasurer,
5,804.98
Costs and Fines due County,
200.00
Cash due from the towns of Albany and Chatham,
202.69
The debt, less fines, cash in treasury, and cash due from Albany and Chatham, is $60,340.32, and the reduction of the debt for the year is $11,067.22.
In 1880 the county had a bonded debt of $198,370, and a floating debt of $269,019, making a total indebtedness of $467,389.
Altitudes. - Mt Washington, 6,293 ft; Mt Adams, 5,794 ft ; Mt Jefferson, 5,714 ft; Mt Clay, 5,553 ft; Mt Monroe, 5,384 ft; Mt Little Monroe, 5,204 ft ; Mt Madison, 5,365 ft ; Mt Franklin, 4,904 ft ; Mt Pleasant, 4,764 ft : Mt Clin- ton, 4,320 ft; Mt Jackson, 4,100 ft ; Mt Webster, 4,000 ft; Mt Crawford, 3,134 ft; Mt Willey, 4,300 ft; Mt Nancy, 3,800 ft; Giant's Stairs, 3,500 ft; Boott Spur, 5,524 ft ; Boott Deception, 2,448 ft; Mt Carter, north peak, 4,830 ft; Mt Carter, south peak, 4,702 ft; Mt Moriah, 4,653 ft; Mt Royce, 2,600 ft ; Mt Wildcat, 4,350 ft; Mt Whiteface, 4,007 ft (the northern elevation 175 higher) ; Mt Passaconaway, 4,200 ft; Mt Osceola, 4,397 ft: Sandwich Dome (Black Mountain), 3,999 ft; Mt Resolution, 3,400 ft; Trimountain, 3,393 ft;
4
HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY.
Silver Spring Mountain (est.), 3,000 ft; Green's Cliff, 2,958 ft; Table Moun- tain, 3,305 ft; Mt Israel, 2,880 ft; Mt Chocorua, 3,540 ft; Mt Kearsarge (Pequawket), 3,251 ft ; Red Hill, south peak, 1,769 ft ; Red Hill, north peak, 2,038 ft ; Ossipee Mountain, 2,361 ft; Mt Shaw, 2,956 ft; Green Hills, 2,390 ft ; Copple Crown, 2,100 ft; Great Moose Mountain, 1,404 ft ; Tin Mountain, 1,650 ft ; Mt Baldface, 3,600 ft; Double Head, 3,120 ft; Iron Mountain, 2,000 ft; Mote Mountain, 3,200 ft; Mote Mountain, south peak, 2,700 ft; Lake of the Clouds (Blue Pond), 5,009 ft; White Mountain Notch, 1,914 ft; Saco Pond (head of Saco River), 1,880 ft; Saco River (at Willey House), 1,300 ft ; Fabyan's, 1,571 ft; Base of Mt Washington, 2,668 ft; Ossipee Lake, 408 ft; Mountain Pond, 1,300 ft; Six-mile Pond, 456 ft; Chocorua Lake, 550 ft; Bear Camp Pond, 600 ft; Dan Hole Pond, 775 ft; Pine River Pond, 550 ft; Prov- ince Pond, 525 ft ; East Pond (Lake Newichawannock), 499 ft ; Horn Pond, 479 ft ; Lovell's Pond, 550 ft; Smith's Pond, 525 ft; Red Hill Pond, 590 ft ; Long Pond, 505 ft; Squam Lake, 510 ft; Lake Winnipiseogee, 496-502 ft ; Wakefield Summit, 690 ft; Wolfeborough Junction, 574 ft; West Ossipee, 428 ft; Conway, 466 ft; North Conway, 521 ft; Upper Bartlett, 660 ft; Jackson, 759 ft; Drakesville (Effingham), 381 ft; Freedom, 396 ft; South Tamworth, 630 ft; Sandwich, 648 ft ; Tuftonborough, 889 ft ; Moultonborough Centre, 581 ft ; Water Village (Ossipee), 745 ft.
CHAPTER II.
GEOLOGY.
Rock Formations - Rock Systems - The Age of Ice - Glacial Drift - Lower Till - Upper Till - Champlain Period - Kames - Recent or Terrace Period, etc. etc.
R OCK FORMATIONS. - These are the fundamental characters of the geological book, and, before we dilate on the later periods, due attention must be given to the backbone of the edifice.
The rocks of Carroll county, beginning with the lowest, are the Acidic and Basic groups of the unstratified, and the Azoic, Eozoic, and Paleozoic groups of the stratified rocks. Of these, the oldest, or bed-rock, is a very coarse granite, or gneiss, conceded now to be of eruptive (volcanic) origin, that, with different arrangements of the same constituents, is given different names. Ledges of these rocks show large quadrangular patches of feldspar of a light color,
5
GEOLOGY.
varying from a fraction of an inch to three or more inches in length. Quartz and feldspar, with white and black mica, and sometimes hornblende, are the constituent elements of those primitive or acidic rocks, sienite, granite, and porphyry. These unstratified fundamental rocks are the oldest rocks in New Hampshire, and form the vast volume of the White Mountains, and nowhere in New England can be found a better opportunity to read in the earliest pages of the " Book of Nature " than is presented in the scarred rocks, wild gorges, and precipitous chasms of these eternally enduring and ever magnificent creations of a God of Power. A brief mention of the rocks is sufficient for our purpose in this volume, but the aspiring student who would pursue their study in the interest of science or for personal gratification will find that Professor Hitchcock and his co-laborers have thoroughly and exhaustively covered the ground in that excellent monument to their scientific attainments, " The Geology of New Hampshire."
Rock Systems .- Prof. C. H. Hitchcock gives as the rock systems of the White Mountain district : 1. Laurentian, represented by the porphyritic gneiss, and Bethlehem group. 2. Atlantic, consisting of the Lake or Berlin and Montalban or White Mountain gneisses, and Franconia breccia. 3. Lab- rador. 4. Huronian. 5. Merrimack schists. 6. Andalusite schist group. 7. Eruptions of porphyry. 8. Eruptions of the Conway, Albany, and Chocorua granites and sienites. 9. Formation of the Mt Pequawket (Kearsarge) or Mt Mote porphyritic breccia.
THE AGE OF ICE. - It is perhaps desirable to devote some space in this volume to the Age of Ice, as in this period and those immediately following, when the colossal ice-sheet, which was so thick that the top of Mount Washington was deeply covered, was removed, and the surface, soil, and water- courses of the county were formed, the lakes established in their boundaries, and the conditions necessary to civilized occupancy were arranged and prepared.
The indications of a glacial period are probably as well shown in this section of New England as anywhere in the world. Underlying the modified drift are often found masses of earth and rocks mingled confusedly together, having neither stratification nor any appearance of having been deposited in water. These are the glacial drift, or till. This drift frequently covers the slopes, and even the summits, of the highest mountains, as well as the lesser elevations. It contains bowlders of all sizes, up to thirty feet in diameter, which have nearly all been carried southward from their native ledges, and can be traced, in some instances, for a hundred miles, southward or southeastward. Wherever till occurs, the ledges have mostly been worn to a rounded form, and, if the rock be hard, it is covered with long scratches, or strice, in the direction of the course taken by the bowlders. Geology now refers these to a moving ice-sheet which spread over this continent from the north, and, as before stated, was of
6
HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY.
sufficient thickness to cover even Mount Washington. This ice-sheet was so much thicker at the north than in this latitude that its great weight pressed the ice steadily onward and outward to the south-southeast. The termination of this iee-sheet in the Atlantic, southeast of New England, was probably like the great ice-wall of the Antarctic continent, along which Sir J. C. Ross sailed 450 miles, finding only one point low enough to allow the smooth white plain of the upper surface to be seen from the mast-head. This extended, apparently boundless, and was of dazzling whiteness.
There was a long, continuous period of glacial action, with times of retreat and advance, but never a complete departure and return of a continental ice- sheet. The motion of this iee, being caused by its own weight, must have been slow indeed. Over the highlands between the St Lawrence river and Hudson bay the ice-sheet was three or four miles in thickness; over Greenland much thicker, and over the White Mountains it reached nearly or quite to the line of perpetual snow. The till, or coarse glacial drift, was made by the long- continued wearing and grinding of the ice-sheet. As this slowly advanced, fragments were torn from the ledges, held in the bottom of the ice, and worn by friction upon the surface over which it moved. This material, crushed beneath the ice into minute fragments or fine powder, is called the Lower Till. While the lower till was being made under the ice, large quantities of coarse and fine matter were swept away from hill-slopes and mountain-sides, and carried forward in the iec. As this melted, much of this matter fell loosely on the surface, forming an unstratified deposit of gravel, earth, and bowlders. This deposit geologists eall the Upper Till. Usually this is found above the lower till, the line of separation being at a distance of from two to twenty feet. The departure of the ice-sheet was attended by a rapid deposition of the abundant materials therein contained. The retreat of the ice-sheet was toward the northwest and north, and it is probable that its final melting took place mostly on the surface, so that, at the last, great amounts of its deposits were exposed to the washing of many streams. The finer particles were generally carried away, and the strong current of the glacial rivers transported coarse gravel and bowlders of considerable size.
When these streams entered the valley from which the ice had retreated, or their currents were slackened by less rapid descent, a deposition took place, where the channel was still walled by ice, in succession of coarse gravel, fine gravel, sand, and fine silt or clay. These deposits filled the valleys, and increased in depth in the same way that additions are now made to the bottom-lands or intervals of our large rivers by the floods of spring. They are called Modified Drift, and geology gives this name to the period from the departure of the ice-sheet to the present. This modified drift occurs in almost every valley of New Hampshire, and comprises the intervals which are annually overflowed, and the successive terraces which rise in steps upon the sides of the
7
GEOLOGY.
valley, the highest often forming extensive plains. Dr Dana has given the name of Champlain Period to the time of the deposition of the modified drift during the melting of the ice-sheet. During the Champlain period, the ice became molded upon the surface, by the process of destruction, into great basins or valleys ; at the last, the passages through which the melting waters passed off came gradually to coincide with the depressions of the present surface.
These lowest and warmest portions of the land were first freed from the ice ; and, as the melted area slowly extended into the continental glacier, its vast floods found their outlet at the head of the existing valley. In these channels were deposited materials gathered by the streams from the melting glacier. By the low water of winter, layers of sand were formed, and by the strong currents of summer, layers of gravel, often very coarse. These layers are irregularly bedded, here sand, and there gravel, accumulating, and inter- stratified without much order with each other.
These, the oldest of our deposits of modified drift, are long ridges, or intermixed short ridges and mounds, composed of very coarse water-worn gravel, or of alternate gravel and sand irregularly bedded. Wherever the ordinary fine alluvium occurs, it overlies or partly covers these deposits. The geological name for these is Kames.
The extensive level plains and high terraces bordering the New Hampshire rivers were also deposited in the Champlain period, as the open valleys became gradually filled with great depths of gravel, sand, and clay (alluvium), which were brought down by the glacier rivers from the melting ice-sheet, or washed from the till after the ice had retreated, and which were deposited in the same way as those made by high floods at the present day. During the recent or terrace period, the rivers have cut deep and wide channels in this alluvium, and the terraces mark heights at which, in their work of erosion, they have left portions of their successive flood-plains.
The lenticular accumulations of till which have been observed cast of Lake Winnipiscogee lie most frequently on the northwest side of hills, which was struck by the full force of the ice-current.
The hill upon which Sandwich Lower Corner is built may serve as an example. The north side of this hill is a smooth lenticular slope of till, but ledge appears at its top and on its south side. Fernald's hill in Tuftonborough, a mile east of Melvin village, also has a very regular north and northwest slope of till.
A bed of stratified gravel and sand occurs in the lower till of this deposit. The highest point of this hill is ledge, which forms all its southeast side, being in many places precipitous. A similar mass of lower till, with modified drift beneath or enclosed in it, lies on the northwest side of a hill two miles northeast of Wolfeborough village. Pray hill, north of Pine River pond in
8
HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY.
Wakefield, has a fine northwest slope of till, while its southeast slope is ledge. Fogg's Ridge, one mile south of Pocket hill in Ossipee, is the only true lenticular hill seen in Carroll county. This is a typical example, showing no ledges for 100 feet below its highest point. Its whole northwest and north slopes appear to be composed of till; on the south and southeast, ledges form the base of the hill, extending halfway to its top.
CHAPTER III.
GEOLOGY CONTINUED. MODIFIED DRIFT, ETC.
Saco River - Pine River - Ossipee Lake - Altitudes Around Winnipiseogee Lake - Departure of the Iec-sheet - Lake Basins - Terraces - Kames - Clay - Dunes - Lake Dis- triet Elevations - Conway Bowlders - The Washington Bowlder - Ordination Roek - Madi- son Bowlder - White Mountain Granites.
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