USA > New Hampshire > Sullivan County > History of Cheshire and Sullivan counties, New Hampshire > Part 91
USA > New Hampshire > Cheshire County > History of Cheshire and Sullivan counties, New Hampshire > Part 91
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568
HISTORY OF CHESHIRE COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Croydon, Landaff, Lincoln, Richmond, Leb- anon, Alstead, Chesterfield,-thirty-four in all. On the 28th of May, 1781, the town " voted to Raise six men Lately sent for from the Court of New Hampshire, and to pay the above six soldiers forty shillings a month, silver money, or other money equivalent, upon their giving their orders upon the State Treasurer for the same, or any Part thereof, for the Town's se- curity, and that they would pay the six months & three months (men) with the money that is in the Constable's hands that was raised, and for which the Town was Taxed as Continental & State Tax, for the year 1780, and they are to Secure the Town as aforesaid." Evidently the town had begun to feel the burden of the war seriously, and to find it difficult to secure the men needful to fill her quota ; for in the war- rant for a meeting to be held on June 13, 1781, article second reads,-" To see what measures the town will come into to get our Proportion of Beef for the use of the Continental Army." The third,-" To see if the Town will take any further measures in getting our (the) Soldiers for the Continental Service, and six months' men ; " and it was voted "to Raise the Con- tinental Beef By a tax on the Inhabitants of the Town." A committee was chosen "to Look up Some Beef for the Present Necessity of the Army." Lieutenant John Alexander and Mr. Samuel Wright were chosen. Then it was voted " that the Committee that was Chosen in a former meeting for to hire the Continental Soldiers should still Remain in that Station with some alteration, viz. : Droping Mr. N. Brown Dodge, and voting and chusing Ensg" John Curtis in his Room." This action did not seem to secure the desired result, as a meeting called for July 11, 1781, was to determine if " the Town will Hire the Continental men for six months if they cannot be got for a longer time," and "to see what method the town will take to supply the Town Treasury, seeing our money is Dead." At this meeting it was voted to " Raise the men sent for from the Court of
New Hampshire for six months if they cannot Be had for a Longer time, and Eng" John Curtis, Mr. N. Brown Dodge, D". Asahel Jewell, Mr. Sam1 Wright and Mr. James Franklin were chosen a committe to hire said men." It was then voted to hire the above men, "money at the Rate of Rye being 38. 4d. p' Bushel." On the 11th of December, 1781, the town voted to accept the new plan of government sent to us " for Exceptance or Amendment." At a meeting held on April 22, 1782, it was voted to hire a committee for the purpose of hiring the town's quota of Continental soldiers for three years. This committee consisted of Lieutenant Nath- aniel Oaks, Mr. Asa Alexander, Mr. Francis Verry and Mr. Moses Chamberlain. It would seen that not all the citizens of Winchester were considered thoroughly loyal to the cause of the new government, for we find Reuben Alexander, Samuel Wright and Simon Willard, selectmen, issuing their precept to James Frank- lin, constable, as follows :
"State of New Hampshire, To James Franklin, " Cheshire, S. S. one of the Constables of the Town of Winchester, greeting : In the Name of this State you are hereby Required forthwith to warn out Roger Hill, Jonathan Hill, Anthony Combs, Lydia Combs, Daniel Combs, George Hill, Joseph Hill, Barnabus Hill, Stephen Combs, Lydia Hill, Rosilla Hill, Phebe Combs, Prudence Combs, Rosilla Edmonds and the Widow, Anna Fassett, to Depart out of this Town within fourteen Days, or otherwise they will be Dealt with as the Law Directs ; and see that you make Return of this Warrant to the Clerk of the Court of the Quarter Sessions.
"Given under our hands and Seal this tenth Day of Feb. A. D., 1783.
" RHEUBEN ALEXANDER,
" SAMUEL WRIGHT, Selectmen.
" SIMON WILLARD,
" Winchester March 11, 1783 .- This may certify that I have warned out all the Persons in the War- rant herewith committed to me.
" JAMES FRANKLIN, " Constable.
" Attest, PAUL RICHARDSON, Town Clerk."
569
WINCHESTER.
On the 24th of March, 1783, the town was called upon to see if it would still continue the old Constitution till the 10th day of June, 1784, and they voted to continue the old form of gov- ernment till that date, or until a more perma- nent plan should take place. On the 15th of: September, 1783, a new plan of government having been submitted, it was voted to adopt the same by a vote of forty-two. It is evident from the above that the close of the War of the Revolution found Winchester, both as to men and money, impoverished. Their quota of men for the Continental army had not been com- pletely filled, and the State had issued an " ex- tent " against her for a "very considerable sum of money," which the State had offered to com- promise and accept payment of in beef at "twen- ty-four shillings L" (lawful money) per hundred- weight," to secure her just dues, besides large amounts of admitted and contested claims in the hands of private individuals.
The subject of a new meeting-house began to be agitated very soon after the close of the Rev- olutionary War, and it was decided, by vote of the town on October 1, 1792, " to build a new Meeting-House," and that it should be built " at. the bottom of the Hill where the New School- House now standeth." Colonel Reuben Alex- ander, Captain Moses Chamberlain, Captain Daniel Hawkins, Captain Noah Pratt and Lieu- tenant John Butler were chosen a committee to inspect the building of said meeting-house, and they were instructed "to have it , completed within three years from this Day." So much dissatisfaction having arisen in regard to the location of the new meeting-house, the question of re-locating was brought before the town on the 2d of December, 1793, and it was deter- mined by vote "to Set the meeting-house on the Nearest Spot to the Center that is Con- venient for the Inhabitants," and a committee consisting of Captain Daniel Hawkins, Mr. Francis Very and Captain William Humphrey were chosen "to see where the Center of the Town is." This committee reported that the
centre was "a Spot Northerly of and Near Mr. Ezra Conant's." This location was very near the location of a new house just erected by Mr. James E. Coxeter, at the junction of the roads leading from Mr. Asahel Jewell's and the one leading from Mr. Charles Jackson's to Win- chester. But this report and location was not accepted, and it was voted, December 24, 1793, by a vote of sixty-seven yeas to forty-six nays, "to locate the new meeting-house where the old meeting-house now stands." This last location, though the vote seems very decisive, did not give satisfaction, and the whole subject of loca- tion again came before the town on their meet- ing on the 24th of March, 1794, when Sanford Kingsbury, Esq., John Hubbard, Esq., and Colonel Samuel Hunt were chosen a committee "to say where the Meeting-House should stand," and they voted to raise money sufficient to build a meeting-house. This committee reported, April 14, 1794, that "the new Meeting-House Shall stand where the Red School-House now stands," and it was voted "to sell the Pews at Publick Vandue to the highest Bidder, and that if the Pews Sell for any more than to build Said Meeting-House and under-Pining and Raising and Liveling the Ground about said Meeting-House, Then the Remainder to be re- turned back to the Pew-holders in Proportion to what Each Pew cost," and Captain Daniel Hawkins was chosen " Vandue-master."
Colonel Reuben Alexander bought Pew No. 35, at £37; Lieutenant Abraham Scott, No. 44, at £35; Captain John Alexander, No. 47, at £27 10s .; Elijah Dodge, No. 1, at £26; Deacon Moses Chamberlain, No. 15, at £26 10s .; Dea- con Joseph Stowell, No. 14, at £24; Mr. John Butler, No. 16, at £26; Major Philip Goss, No. 17, at £24 10% .; Caleb Alexander, No. 37, at €25; Mr. Stephen Hawkins, No. 39, at £25; Asa Alexander, No. 34, at £24 10s .; John Erskin, No. 45, at £23; Jeremiah Pratt, No. 46, at £23; William Humphey, No. 11, at £21 10s .; John Curtis, No. 27, at £22; Ezra Parker, No. 38, at £23; Daniel Hawkins, No.
570
HISTORY OF CHESHIRE COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.
19, at £22; Justus Jewel, No. 26, at £22; publicly and unanimously voted him their Samuel Wood, No. 33, at £22; Waitstill Field, thanks. At this meeting the town voted to purchase a clock for the new meeting-house, and appropriated the money " that the old meeting- house sold for to pay for it, with what may be subscribed." It seems that no great success at- tended the efforts of those interested in the pur- chase of a town cloek for several years, for at a meeting held on the 5th of March, 1799, the subject was again before the town for action, and it was voted " that the money that the okl meeting-house sold for should go towards pay- ing for a elock for the new meeting-house if made within one year," and as no further action is shown to have been had on the subjeet, it is fair to presume that the clock was marking time for the good people of Winchester by the morning of the New Year of 1800, as the old elock is well remembered by the writer, as well as by most of the older citizens now living. At this same meeting, in 1799, Samuel Smith, Esq., who had previously given the bell, tendered the town an organ, and it was "voted to accept the same and to provide a place in the Meeting- House for the organ, and to hire an organist." The town also voted Mr. Smith their thanks for the gift. This organ is now in existence, stored away in the loft connected with the town hall. It furnished music for Sabbath services till during the present generation. A proper appreciation of the gift ; the historical recol- lections surrounding it; the pride in the fact that it is one of the very first church organs, if not the first ever constructed, in this country ; that it was constructed in Winchester and by a citizen of Winchester, Henry Pratt, Esq.,-all suggest its immediate removal from the dust and cobwebs that now cover and surround it, and the placing it in some sceure yet accessible position, where it may be preserved for the edi- fieation and veneration of suecceding genera- tions. It will be observed that the name of the second Colonel Josiah Willard has disappeared from amongst the names of those who were prominent in the municipal affairs of Win- No. 12, at £21; Ebenezer Scott, No. 18, at £20 10g .; David Hammond, No. 13, at £20 10x .; Rev. Ezra Conant, No. 22, at £20; Noah Pratt, No. 40, at £20; Samuel Warren, No. 2, at £18; John Hutchins, No. 31, at £15; Daniel Hawk- ins, Jr., No. 43, at £17; Benjamin Kingman, No. 28, at £17; Henry Thayer, No. 29, at £16 10s .; John Follett, No. 42, at £16 10% .; Na- thaniel Lawrence, Jr., No. 41, at £16; Reu- ben Alexander, Jr., No. 4, at £16 10s .; Ziba Ware, No. 9, at £16 10s .; Theodotius Moore, No. 32, at £16 10% .; Benjamin Doolittle, No. 24, at £16; Francis Very, No. 10, at £16; Joshua and Phineas Lyman, No. 20, at &16 ; James Scott, No. 30, at £17; Ebenezer Dodge, No. 21, at £16 5s .; Noah Pratt, No. 25, at £16; Benjamin Melvin, No. 8, at £16; Caleb Alexander, No. 6, at £16; Miss Abigil Hos- kins, No. 23, at £16; Tertius Lyman, No. 3, at £16; Jeremiah Pratt, No. 5, at £16; Eben- ezer Killam and Jonah French, No. 7, at £16. These pews were all in the body of the house. The pews in the gallery were sold to Abraham Scott, No. 11, at £17 10s .; Noah Pratt, No. 16, at £6 10x .; John Curtis, No. 4, at £13; John Erskin, No. 2, at £6 12s .; Justus Jewel, No. 13, at £12 10s .; Jolm Hatch, No. 20, at £6 12s .; Daniel Hawkins, No. 9, at £11 10s .; James Scott, No. 7, at £11; Noah Pratt, No. 6, at €5 14x .; Elijah Butler, No. 15, at £11 ; Theo- dotius Moore, No. 5, at £5 11s .; Ziba Ware, No. 14, at £10 10s .; Noah Pratt, No. 1, at £10; Johen Erskin, No. 3, at £10; Asa Alex- ander, No. 21, at £10; Jonas Hunt, No. 17, at £9 ; Moses Chamberlain, No. 19, at 9; John Follett, No. 18, at £8 10s .; John Hutchins, No. 10, at £8 10s .; Daniel Hawkins, No. 12, at £8; William Rixford, No. 8, at £8; the whole aggregating, £1139 48, or, in dollars, $5058.05. On the 12th of October, 1795, Captain Samuel Smith made a donation to the town of a bell for the new meeting-house which weighed 837 pounds. For this the town
571
WINCHESTER.
chester. The observing who frequent Ever- green Cemetery have noticed, standing near the centre of the little two-acre burying-ground, set apart by the original proprietors as the final earthly resting-place for their departed friends, a monument differing in all respects from any erected either before or since,-a slate stone slab, five inches in thickness, three feet .in width by six feet in length, resting upon granite posts. These supports were originally of brick, but were replaced with stone a few years ago by the town, as the brick were fast crumbling in pieces. This slab bears upon its upper face the following inscription :
"Col. Josiah Willard, who died April ye 19th, 1786, in the 72nd year of his age. His birth and education, which were honorable, he dishonored not in his youth. At an early period of his existence he be- gan to figure on the stage of life. His disposition and manners were engaging. His connexions numerous and respectable. His vocations various and important. His usefulness and influence equally extensive, and the present populous and flourishing state of the Western Terratories may be attributed, in a great measure to his vigorous and laudable exer- tions in promoting ye settlement & cultivation of ye wilderness. His principals & morals were unim- peachable. His Faith and practice truly Evangelical. Sensible, social & beloved, his heart and doors were always open to his friends in general, and to ye learned, regular & reputable among ye clergy in par- ticular. He lived and died in a firm belief of ye Gospel. Supported and sustained to ye End of his course by a hope and prospect of an immortal Crown. His family and friends, in his death, sustain a loss irreparable. He will be held long in remembrance. The wise will immitate his virtues and fools lament they did not, when he shall rise immortal."
Thus he rests in the beautiful valley, " The Sheomet," that he had given almost the whole years of his life, and all the energies of his being, to reclaim from the wilderness. All that surround this treasure-house of greatness testify in honor of the man, of his character and his abilities. It was to him, more than to his father, that the settlers all turned in their
difficulties for advice, and to him in their dis- tress for comfort. He was the friend and counselor in all private matters, who was the consulted as well as the trusted adviser and manager in all the public affairs of the town- ship and town.
From early in the commencement of the settlement till the year 1816 the Orthodox or Congregationalists were the established church. Its ministers had been called by the town and dismissed by the town in open town-meeting, and they had been supported by the town and paid their salary from the public treasury, as all other demands against the town were paid. But differences of opinions upon religious sub- jects had gradually developed in the minds of the people, and it was felt by many a grievous hardship and an injustice to suffer taxation for the support of and the teaching of religious opinions that were repugnant to their own, and when, in 1804, it was desired to settle the Rev. Experience Porter, a protest, as follows, was spread upon the records of the town :
" We the Subscribers, Inhabents of the town of Winchester, Respectfully Shew to the Selectmen and other Inhabents of Said Winchester that in matters of Religion we are and have been for Considerable Time different in sentiment from those who are now about
. to Setel a minister, viz., Mr. Porter, for their Teacher in Morality & Religion, & as we are not fully in Sen- timent with said Porter & those of his Profession we take this early oportunity in this Public way to de- clare our Decent from joining or in any way agreeing to the Settlement of said Porter as our minister, or to be any way compeled to contribute towards the settle- ment or maintenance of said Porter, and whereas we are willing our Neighbors should injoy all their Priv- eleg with ourselves which the Constitution of this State so wisely Provides for the free enjoyment of all its citizens, that no one Sect or Denomination of Religious Sentiment Should be in any Subordination to another, and Claiming that Wright to ourselves, we doe Now in the fulest manner Protest against being any way chargable in our Persons or Estates Towards Settling, Supporting or Dismissing Said Porter, wish- ing at the same time you may enjoy all that Christian liberty and enjoyment which the Gospel of our blessed
572
HISTORY OF CHESHIRE COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.
lord Jesus Christ gives to its true Believers, and that we may all be so happy as to studdy that which will make for peace and where by one may Edyfy a Nother.
"We still hold and reserve our Prevelise in the meeting house with the rest of the Town.
" Daniel Hawkins.
Johnathan Howard, Jr.
Jeremiah Hatch.
Benj. H. Whipple.
Daniel Holman. Caleb Holbrook.
Abiather Dean.
Stephen Randall.
John Taylor.
Joseph Tuttle.
Benjamin Linkfield.
Elisha Allen.
Nathan Fassett. John Erskin.
Elisha Holman.
Benj. Follet.
Philip Goss.
Joseph Goodenough.
Jona French.
Eliab Howard.
Daniel Twitchel.
Elisha Knapp.
Peter Robinson.
John Howard.
Daniel Coon.
Daniel Severance.
Brown Taft.
Amos Willard.
Daniel Hawkins, Jr.
Jessa Brown.
Francis Verry.
Paul Willard.
Daniel Ashley.
Amasa Woolley.
David Verry.
Amos Willard, Jr.
Thompson Thayer.
Welcome Bartlet.
Daniel Verry.
Peter Willard.
George Farrington. Ebenezer Taylor, Jr.
Sam1 Hammond.
Joseph Marble.
Ebenezer Taylor.
Cyrus Taylor.
Oliver Marble.
Levi Marble.
Moses Alton.
Ebenezer French.
John Willis.
John Capron.
Benjamin Flint.
Thomas Gould.
Asa Willis.
Francis Cooke.
Timothy Willis.
Stephen Franklin.
Joshua Willis.
Isaac King.
Oliver Capron.
Eldad Wright.
Amos Adams.
Azariah Wright.
Daniel Adams.
Daniel Wise.
Johnathan Howard, Far- John Morse.
mer.
William Carlton.
Johnathan Howard, Car-
Rufus Burt.
· penter.
Bohen Holton.
William Ripley.
Luther Lawrence.
Levi Ripley.
Enoch Davis.
Mathew Bartlet.
Elihu Field.
John Evans.
Leonard Field.
John Curtis, Jr.
Zachariah Field.
John Erskin, Jr.
Zachariah Field, Jr.
Solomon Holton.
Solomon Field.
Ebenezer Franklin. . Samuel Goss
Nathan Bent.
Abraham Foster. Joel Miles.
Ebenezer Hutchins.
David Kelly.
Simeon Wheelock.
Walter Follet.
Seth Willard.
John Duncan.
David Tourtelot. Prentice Field.
Thomas Wheelock.
Thomas Wheelock, Jr. Asa Wheeler.
Charles Mansfield.
Thomas How.
Thomas Curtis.
Sylvanus Stowell.
Joshua Cook.
Jeremiah Bullock.
Reuben Bartlet.
William Young.
Abel Oldham ..
William Young, Jr.
Jonathan Hill. Ephraim Hawkins.
Ephraim Taft. Micha Bent.
Noah Cadwell.
Elisha Gunn. Stephan Hawkins.
Caleb Alexander.
Anthony Combs.
George Farrington,
Guardians for John, Juliet,
Asahel Jewel,
$ Persis and Susanah Butler."
The town having conceded that it was un- just to levy a tax on such of her citizens for the maintenance of religious observances and cere- monies as were objectionable to them and that protested against such levy, were directly called upon to equalize the privileges of the different sects or denominations in the use of the town's meeting-house, and an article was in- troduced into the warrant for the meeting of January 5, 1810, as follows :
" To See if the town will pass a vote to make a di- vision of the meeting-house to each denomination for their occupation according to the proportion of Taxes which they pay in said town, or aet thereon as the town may see proper."
Upon which article the town " Voted to di- vide the meeting-house according to their taxes, and to chose a Committee out of cach denomi- nation to alot to each Denomination their pro- portion of the meeting-house," and they then chose Daniel Hawkins, Jr., Caleb Alexander, Elijah Stowel, Samuel Fassett and Enoch Stow- ell their committee for said purpose. This ar-
Peletiah Pomroy.
Samuel Warren. Samuel Bond.
Elias Field.
Ascph Hall.
573
WINCHESTER.
rangement continued until 1815, when the town refused by vote to settle the Rev. Mr. White, and then voted that the town consent that the Congregational Society of Christians in this town be incorporated as a Society. This act fully divorced the town from church affairs. Though the Universalists have continued to occupy some portion of the house, with slight interruptions, to the present time, it has been thus occupied under a right obtained by con- tract, for which they pay a valuable money consideration. Thus the Universalists saved the body (retaining the meeting-house), whilst the Congregationalists took charge of the spirit (having retained the church organization and records), whilst the Methodists, which were a growing sect, were left to provide both the body and spirit in constructing their own house of worship and in making their own records. The Congregational Church was formed November 12, 1736, with a membership of twelve, and the Rev. Joseph Ashley was ordained as pastor on the same day. He was a graduate of Yale College of the class of 1730.
His pastorate continued until the settlement was abandoned on account of the war between France and England in 1747, a period of eleven years. During this pastorate there were added to the church membership fifty-one, making, with the original twelve, sixty-three names on the church-rolls. The Rev. Micha Lawrence, the second pastor, was ordained November 14, 1764, and was dismissed February 19, 1777. In politics Mr. Lawrence belonged to the King's party rather than to Congress, and he became known as a Tory. His dismissal was mainly because of his politics, Winchester being thor- oughly loyal to Congress. His pastorate con- tinned for a little more than twelve years. At its commencement the church membership had fallen to twenty-seven, and of these only eight were of the sixty-three members at the close of Mr. Ashley's ministry. The third pastor was the Rev. Ezra Conant, who was ordained Feb- ruary 19, 1788, and dismissed November 11,
1807. His pastorate covered a period of a little more than eighteen years, during which the names of forty-seven members were added to the church rolls. Mr. Conant was a graduate of Harvard College in the class of 1784. Mr. Conant took the pastorate of the church under very trying circumstances. His predecessor had been dismissed almost in disgrace for po- litical reasons, and he found the sentiments of the people over whom he was called to preside still divided, and the great questions of national and State government undecided. Mr. Conant felt the gravity of the situation in all its com- pleteness, and that his position in accepting the call to the ministry might not be misunderstood, he addressed a formal letter to the church and people of Winchester, in language as follows :
"To the Church and People of Winchester.
"Brethren and Friends :
" As I have Recª an Invitation to Settle within the work of the Gospel ministrey, I have taken it in Serious and Deliberate Consideration ; have Sought that Wisdom from above which is Profitable to Direct and have endevered thoroughly to weigh all Circum- stances attending it; have also Consulted Judicious and Disinterested Persons on the important Occa- sion, and finally Considering the unanimity of the Church and People in giving the invitation and the encouragements that have been offered, I think it my Duty to accept and do now declare my acceptance of your invitation and shall endeavour faithfully to Dis- charge the duty of my office, but Sensible of my weak- ness to Discharge so arduous a task, I ask your Pray- ers for me that I may be enabled to Perform Accept- ably and that by our mutualy Persevering in Holey- ness and Righteousness and Cordially adhearing to the Doctrines of Christ we may Rejoice together in the Good Success of my Endeavours and that we through the whole Course of our lives may incessantly Strive to live according to the exact Rules of Christianity in endeavouring to advance the Redeemer's King- dom and in Spreading Peace and Tranquility around us, that so we may Finally be transmitted from the militant to the Church triumphant with a True testimony of our having advanced the Gospel of our Great Redeemer.
574
HISTORY OF CHESHIRE COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.
"I am Bretheren and Friends your humble ser- vant
" EZRA CONANT, JUN".
" P.S .- My Friends living at a distance tis necessary that I Reserve (as I expect to be indulged) three or four Sabbaths yearly and which I doubt not you will Readily Grant. Yours as above.
"E. C., JR."
Notwithstanding the prayerful efforts of Mr. Conant throughout his whole pastorate, he was dismissed in as deep, if not deeper, disgrace than his predecessor, Mr. Lawrence, for Mr. Lawrence's failure was purely political, whilst Mr. Conant's was entirely of a religious nature. He had been selected as a large and liberal- minded gentleman of learning, wisdom and piety, as a pastor to preside over a distracted congregation, one divided in politics and torn by dissenting beliefs. He had outgrown, as had many of his congregation, the bigotry of the past-a past that had placed an armed officer of the town at the meeting-house door, whose duty it was to arrest every person passing ex- cept upon an errand of extreme mercy, and compel them to listen to the prescribed theology. Mr. Conant sought, as he believed, a better way to reach the hearts of his hearers than by the exercise of arbitrary authority, though it had the sanction of civil law, or of the no less odious pressure of theological authority. For this dereliction of duty from the church stand-point, Mr. Conant was dismissed, charged, as we are informed by one of his successors, with having pursued such a course " that the spirituality of the church had nearly departed." The fourth settled pastor was the Rev. Experience Porter. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College, of the class of 1803, and he was ordained Novem- ber 12, 1807, and was dismissed February 20, 1810. During his pastorate forty-four names were added to the church-rolls. He represented the theological views of those who opposed those held by Mr. Conant, and he failed signally in securing the approbation of the best religious intelligence of that day. The additions to the Congregational Church during his ministrations
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