USA > New Hampshire > Register of officers and members of the Society of Colonial Wars in the State of New Hampshire, 1894 > Part 2
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THE ENGLISH AND THE INDIAN IN NEW HAMPSHIRE.
with the bloody drama at Cochecho, prior to which the only armed conflicts between the two races had been conducted by forces from the adjacent colony of Massachusetts Bay. The expiring embers of Philip's war flashed into a momentary blaze in the raid upon Durham, the earliest predatory incursion, excepting the haycock affair at Dover in 1666, in the history of New Hampshire. Without the events of the few preceding years in Massachusetts, the raid would have been impossible. The only actual battle between organized forces of the white man and the red man on New Hampshire soil was in 1693 at Wheelwright's pond, the head of the principal Durham river, in the present town of Lee. It is doubtful if a single New Hamp- shire man was engaged.
It will be found on inspection, that no oppression or coercion by the New Hampshire colonist was the active force that re- moved the red man from her soil. The small and insignificant scouts on her record were her police, directed only against the wayward, the wilful, and the wicked, of which the Indian fur- nished too many examples.
The Indian was no farmer and understood not the art of husbandry. On the most fertile river bottoms he cultivated rudely a few corn-fields. The success of the white man's agri- culture raised no envy in his bosom; rather, he was gratified at the abundant plenty resulting. The apples and pears which the early colonists had planted on their plantations were an enlargement in the line of fruits to him, before which he knew only of the berries which he shared with the bear. The cider and the rum, produced by the same skill, opened a new world to his imagination, and gave him, in the stupor of intoxication, an enjoyment never before experienced, and of which he never got enough.
But as a hunter and trapper, the Indian was not only equal, but superior, to the Englishman. Fertile in expedient, adroit in strategy, patient and untiring in the chase, he pos- sessed the most minute acquaintance with the habits and char-
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SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS.
acter of the beasts roaming the New Hampshire forests, and was unsurpassed in the success with which he secured their skins for his garments and their meat for his larder. The white man's gun, powder, and ball increased the red man's efficiency as a hunter. No keener, surer eye ever glanced down the glint of a gun-barrel, and no firmer, stouter arm ever held a stock. It was but natural that the two races should in this department work together. The Indian could not provide the equipments for an expedition; the Englishman could. The Indian possessed not the art of accounts, but well remembered the articles furnished him. To his credit, be it said, there is not on record a single instance of his denial of the stores and equipments furnished. He knew also the quantity and quality of the furs obtained. Here an issue immediately arose from the different standpoints of the parties at interest. The Indian regarded each expedition as a unit, independent of all previous or succeeding liabilities. Like the good Bishop Bass of New- buryport, affiliated with the lodge in Portsmouth in Masonic ties, who, when his people could not square up the salary account of a previous year, would say : " Well, I'll overlook that amount; it's very small. Never mind it. Let's rub out and begin anew." The Indian could not conceive, much less under- stand, the necessity of the success of an expedition being applied to offset and extinguish the losses of a predecessor. His colonist partner had a book account, duly debited the Indian with sup- plies furnished, and credited him with peltry and venison re- turned. Both were honest and both were sincere. The white man never accepted the red man's logic of the situation ; the red man had no faith in the white man's book account, which to him was as deluding as legerdemain, as mysterious as magic. It had but one constant result-the Indian was always in debt.
Though unsatisfied and far from quiet, the Indian made no organized descent upon the New Hampshire towns till after the Massachusetts struggle, known as King Philip's war, when two
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THE ENGLISH AND THE INDIAN IN NEW HAMPSHIRE.
of the officers of that colony, Sill and Hawthorn, came to Dover, and in connection with Major Waldern, who had been a member of the Massachusetts general court and speaker of its house, took advantage of the friendly feeling of the Indians toward Major Waldern and of the security and confidence they reposed in him. By a ruse they seized two hundred of the Indians, carried them to Boston, and punished them for alleged crimes. A few were hanged, a few-Passaconaway and his family-set at liberty, and the remainder sold as slaves. This deed the Indians could not forget. It was the earliest hostile act against them by enlisted white soldiers within the limits of New Hampshire, and has been regarded as the incitement to the massacre of Major Waldern in 1689.
An illuminating comprehension, however, of the incidents of this tragedy is furnished in a tradition, narrated to me by a son of Portsmouth, coming down from the lips of the very actors in the event. An English colonist, trafficking with the natives, had, by long residence among them, acquired not only their confi- dence, but an understanding of their language, as was not un- common. This party met the chiefs on their return from the Cocheco foray. Their statement of the affair was to the effect that, after they had gained possession of the garrison house and secured the avenues of approach and departure, they brought Major Waldern into his great hall and demanded a settlement, then and there, of accounts between him and them. Willingly or otherwise, the Major produced his bulky ledger and read to each the statement of his account as therein entered. Explana- tions followed, and the Major was compelled or induced to cross off each account as settled. When this was concluded, each chief in turn gave Major Waldern a corresponding cross of settlement, by gashing with his knife upon the Major's breast; furnishing a permanent and ineradicable evidence of their satisfaction in the adjustment. They had no intention or desire of slaying him. Though they felt he had deeply wronged them in his dealings, had time and again defrauded them in
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SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS.
business relations, had delivered their kinsmen and the warriors of their tribes into slavery, they had an abiding respect and regard for him, as altogether the most prominent and influential of the white men with whom they came in contact. We may say the deed was barbarous, but, so far as we may credit this their narrative of the occasion, it was destitute of the savage ferocity and malignity with which historical writers have por- trayed and characterized it.
The Indian had no idea, much less comprehension, of indi- vidual proprietary interests in land. The territory occupied by a tribe and defended by its warriors was theirs by occupancy, as a tribal possession. It could be vacated and abandoned on the approach of a superior power; or, the whole tribe could alienate it and withdraw. So when temporary alienation was effected for small quantities and recorded by deed to the white man, the transaction was quite differently regarded by the two parties at interest. When the coats and blankets, exchanged for the land, were worn out, or the powder and ball expended, while the land remained in perpetuo to the whites, the Indian felt himself entitled to a renewal of the price paid him. The clothing or the ammunition was demanded over again ; and he pointed out the, to him, remarkable fact that the white man pos- sessed his end of the bargain, while the Indian had nothing. There was no reconciliation. There could be none. The white man's conscience was easy. He had honestly and faith- fully paid for the land. His title had been established for years, his possession had been open and known to all and was capable of verification and proof by hundreds of witnesses. The white man was in power and could enforce and maintain his view of the situation. The Indian recognized the fact and withdrew deeper into the forest.
You and I may enjoy the contemplation of the bounteous creation, as shown in the orderly disposition of daily events, and gratefully recognize the gracious beneficence which has advanced our race, laden with innumerable blessings, till devout
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THE ENGLISH AND THE INDIAN IN NEW HAMPSHIRE.
adoration, baffled in attempted comprehension of the universe, finds its highest expression in the great white throne of a new heaven and a new earth, and in the worship of Him that sitteth thereon. To this the American Indian was not equal. The Great Spirit, whom he worshiped, was purely an intellectual apprehension in no wise inferior in conception to a deity who could inspire the verdict of the witchcraft tribunals. Implicit confidence reposed in his wisdom, justice, and righteousness, and unhesitating acquiescence in his decrees. No mercy or compassion was expected. Yet nowhere appeared the Jugger- naut of India, the Molock of the Druid, or the persecution of the Christian. He was a heathen, but he was no idolater.
In the pride of our intelligence we term this condition of the red man, native on these shores, ignorance; and in the con- sciousness of intellectual superiority, we stamp him savage. By our standard, doubtless the award is just ; but how by his ?
The subject is a broad one, and the relations of the two races too extensive to be more than glanced at within the limits of this brief paper. The student of sociology can only lament that the New England white man did not manifest a larger capacity for dealing with the American Indian, that the best qualities and instincts of the child of the forest could not have been nurtured and developed into usefulness within the bounds of civilization. Unquestionably, he was too superior a being to be exterminated, as he has been. The verses of Mr. Long- fellow may not be historically true ; but they are worth recalling as a half truth, not destitute of justification, when the history of Passaconaway, a New Hampshire chief, is recalled :
" Beautiful is the sun, O strangers, When you come so far to see us ! All our town in peace awaits you, All our doors stand open for you ; You shall enter all our wigwams For the heart's right hand we give you.
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SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS.
" Never before had our tobacco Such a sweet and pleasant flavor, Never the broad leaves of our corn-fields Were so beautiful to look on, As they seem to us, this morning, When you come so far to see us."
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ROSETTE
INSIGNIA SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS
List of Members.
Charter Members in italics.
42. Ball, George Oscar, Claremont, N. H. Eighth in descent from Governor Simon Bradstreet. Ninth in descent from Governor Thomas Dudley.
14. Bangs, Charles McClary, Cambridge, Mass. Fourth in descent from Captain John McClary.
7. Bangs, Frederick Lincoln, Cambridge, Mass. Fourth in descent from Captain John McClary.
18. Beatty, Franklin Thomason, M. D., Boston, Mass. Fourth in descent from Thomas Beatty. Seventh in descent from Governor Jean Paul Jaquett. Sixth in descent from Captain Andreas Bengsten.
52. Brown, Elisha Rhodes, Dover, N. H. Ninth in descent from Governor Roger Williams.
49. Busiel, Charles Albert, Hon., Laconia, N. H. Sixth in descent from Daniel Tilton.
II. Clapp, Frederick Walter, Boston, Mass. Seventh in descent from Thomas Clapp. Sixth in descent from Major Samuel Clapp.
43. Coit, James Milnor, Ph. D., Concord, N. H. Sixth in descent from John Howland.
21. Conn, Granville Priest, M. D., Concord, N. H. Third in descent from John Conn.
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SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS.
30. Cutter, Henry Arthur, Nashua, N. H. Sixth in descent from Ephraim Cutter. Seventh in descent from Richard Cutter. Seventh in descent from John Prescott. Sixth in descent from Captain Jonas Prescott. Fifth in descent from Lieutenant David Alld. Fifth in descent from Captain Peter Powers. Fourth in descent from Stephen Powers.
54. Deering, John Wentworth, Boston, Mass. Seventh in descent from Lieutenant-Colonel William Pepperrell.
27. Eastman, Edson Cummings, Concord, N. H. Fourth in descent from Captain Ebenezer Eastman.
22. Eastman, Samuel Coffin, Hon., Concord, N. H. Fourth in descent from Captain Ebenezer Eastman.
55. Edgerly, Edwin Lorraine, New York City. Fourth in descent from David Edgerly.
41. Evans, George Frederic, Portland, Me. Eighth in descent from Nathaniel Morton.
3. Frisbie, Franklin Senter, Penacook, N. H. Eighth in descent from Captain Nathaniel Fryer. Eighth in descent from Major Richard Waldron. Eighth in descent from Captain William Gerrish. Seventh in descent from Captain John Gerrish. Sixth in descent from Colonel Timothy Gerrish. Seventh in descent from Lieutenant-Colonel William Pepperrell.
Seventh in descent from Honorable Robert Elliot.
34. Forney, James, Colonel, U. S. Marine Corps, Ports- mouth, N. H.
In right of Emanuel Carpenter.
35. Foster, Joseph, Paymaster, U. S. Navy, Portsmouth, N. H. Fourth in descent from Captain Jeremiah Foster. Sixth in descent from John Spalding.
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LIST OF MEMBERS.
Sixth in descent from John Jackson.
Fifth in descent from Samuel Ingersoll.
Sixth in descent from Lieutenant George Ingersoll. Sixth in descent from Thomas Riggs.
Fourth in descent from Lieutenant Daniel Giddings. Seventh in descent from George Giddinge (Giddings). Fifth in descent from Lieutenant William Butler. Sixth in descent from Lieutenant Samuel Ingalls. Seventh in descent from William Goodhue. Sixth in descent from Quartermaster Nathaniel Rust. Sixth in descent from Quartermaster Robert Kinsman. Seventh in descent from Thomas Boreman.
36. Gilchrist, Harry Wilbur, Franklin, N. H. Fifth in descent from James Dunlap.
23. Gordon, George Augustus, Captain, Somerville, Mass. Fifth in descent from Alexander Gordon.
Fourth in descent from Thomas Gordon. Eighth in descent from Thomas Burnham. Eighth in descent from Sergeant John Tidd. Seventh in descent from Samuel Blodget.
Seventh in descent from Lieutenant Thomas Burn- ham, Jr.
Seventh in descent from Captain John Carter. Seventh in descent from George Giddinge.
Seventh in descent from Richard Swan. Sixth in descent from Richard Bartlett. Sixth in descent from Lieutenant John Carter.
Sixth in descent from Lieutenant Gershom Fleg.
Sixth in descent from John Giddinge.
Sixth in descent from Robert Swan. Sixth in descent from John Washburne. Sixth in descent from Francis Whitmore.
Sixth in descent from Sergeant Joseph Wilson.
Fourth in descent from Gamaliel Pote.
Fourth in descent from Abraham Stockbridge.
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SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS.
45. Higgins, George, M. D., Concord, N. H.
Seventh in descent from Lieutenant-Colonel William Pepperrell.
33. Hill, Howard Fremont, Rev., Concord, N. H.
Fourth in descent from Abraham Hill.
Fifth in descent from Thomas Adams.
15. Hubbard, Adolphus Skinner, Colonel, San Francisco, Cal. Eighth in descent from Edmund Hubbard. Sixth in descent from Caleb Hubbard. Fourth in descent from Peter Hubbard, Sr.
8. Jackson, Henry Stedman, Boston, Mass. Seventh in descent from Edward Jackson. Fourth in descent from Lieutenant Timothy Jackson. Seventh in descent from Lieutenant John Spring. Sixth in descent from Ebenezer Stone.
Sixth in descent from Lieutenant James Trowbridge. Fifth in descent from Captain Thomas Greenwood.
32. Jameson, Winfield Scott, Port Gamble, Washington.
Fourth in descent from Martin Jameson.
Sixth in descent from Major William Vaughn. Sixth in descent from Rev. John Wise.
6. Kent, Henry Oakes, LL. D., Colonel, U. S. V., Lancaster, N. H. Third in descent from Colonel Jabob Kent.
Sixth in descent from Lieutenant Francis Peabody.
Seventh in descent from Richard Mann. Eighth in descent from Thomas Root. Ninth in descent from Richard Butler. Ninth in descent from Reverend Samuel Stowe.
53. Morse, Fred Winslow, Professor, Durham, N. H. Seventh in descent from Captain John Jacob. Seventh in descent from Daniel Cushing.
28. Olmsted, William Adams, M. D., Brigadier-General, Army of the Potomac, Manchester, N. H. Eighth in descent from Captain Richard Olmstead.
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LIST OF MEMBERS.
29. Parsons, Charles Lathrop, Professor, Durham, N. H. Seventh in descent from Cornet Joseph Parsons. Sixth in descent from Captain Joseph Parsons. Fifth in descent from Captain Ebenezer Parsons. Fourth in descent from Lieutenant Benjamin Parsons. Ninth in descent from Elder William Brewster. Ninth in descent from Deputy-Governor John Alden. Eighth in descent from Captain Jonathan Alden. Ninth in descent from Governor's Assistant William Collier.
Sixth in descent from Colonel Ebenezer Marsh. Seventh in descent from Captain John Marsh. Tenth in descent from Governor John Webster.
56. Pitman, Charles Frank, Laconia, N. H.
Fourth in descent from Andrew Woodbury.
I. Philbrook, Frederick Bacon, Jamaica Plains, Mass. Ninth in descent from Captain Richard Brackett. Ninth in descent from Captain John Whipple. Eighth in descent from Lieutenant William French. Eighth in descent from Colonel John Lane. Sixth in descent from Benjamin Bacon. Fourth in descent from Corporal Samuel Clough.
16. Plaisted, Sheridan, Waterville, Me. Eighth in descent from Major Samuel Appleton.
39. Plant, Henry Bradley, Hon., New York City. Fifth in descent from John Plant. Sixth in descent from John Frisbee. Eighth in descent from Honorable Thomas Greyson.
40. Plant, Morton Freeman, New York City. Sixth in descent from John Plant. Seventh in descent from John Frisbee. Ninth in descent from Honorable Thomas Greyson.
58. Rollins, Frank West, Hon., Concord, N. H. Fifth in descent from Captain Ebenezer Eastman.
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SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS.
24. Sawyer, William Davis, Quartermaster-General, N. H. N. G., Dover, N. H.
Seventh in descent from Hon. Peter Coffin.
Fourth in descent from Sergeant Caleb Sawyer. Sixth in descent from Caleb Sawyer.
Seventh in descent from Thomas Sawyer. Fifth in descent from Captain Tristram Coffin. Eighth in descent from Tristram Coffin. Seventh in descent from Henry Willard. Eighth in descent from Major Simon Willard. Eighth in descent from Sergeant Thomas Pierce.
Eighth in descent from Lieutenant Edward Winship. Eighth in descent from John Prescott.
Eighth in descent from Edward Starbuck.
51. Sawyer, Charles Francis, Captain, Dover, N. H.
Seventh in descent from Hon. Peter Coffin.
Fourth in descent from Sergeant Caleb Sawyer. Sixth in descent from Caleb Sawyer. Seventh in descent from Thomas Sawyer. Fifth in descent from Captain Tristram Coffin. Eighth in descent from Tristram Coffin. Seventh in descent from Henry Willard. Eighth in descent from Major Simon Willard. Eighth in descent from Sergeant Thomas Pierce. Eighth in descent from Lieutenant Edward Winship. Eighth in descent from John Prescott. Eighth in descent from Edward Starbuck.
47. Scales, John, Dover, N. H.
Seventh in descent from Captain John Woodman. Fifth in descent from Colonel Mark Hunking. Fifth in descent from Nathan Longfellow. Sixth in descent from Ensign William Longfellow. Sixth in descent from Captain Jacob Green. Seventh in descent from Judge Henry Green. Fifth in descent from Stephen Batchelder. Sixth in descent from Captain Henry True.
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1633343
LIST OF MEMBERS.
24. Staniels, Charles Eastman, Concord, N. H.
Fifth in descent from Captain Ebenezer Eastman.
26. Stearns, Ezra Scollay, Hon., A. M., Rindge, N. H. Fifth in descent from John Fitch. Eighth in descent from Lieutenant John Wyman. Fifth in descent from Captain Abraham Knowlton.
4. Tappan, Charles Langdon, Reverend, Concord, N. H. Sixth in descent from Captain Tristram Heard.
20. Thorne, John Calvin, Concord, N. H.
Third in descent from Quartermaster John Thorne.
48. Tilton, George Henry, Laconia, N. H. Sixth in descent from Daniel Tilton.
44. Todd, William Cleaves, Hon., Atkinson, N. H. Seventh in descent from Governor John Endicott. Sixth in descent from Major William Hawthorne.
31. Treat, John Sheldon, Hon., Portsmouth, N. H. Sixth in descent from Governor Robert Treat. Fifth in descent from Captain Joseph Treat.
46. Walcott, Nathaniel Adams, Portsmouth, N. H. Sixth in descent from Lieutenant John Walcott. Seventh in descent from Captain Jonathan Walcott.
57. Waterman, Lucius, Reverend, Laconia, N. H. Sixth in descent from Governor Joseph Jenckes.
Seventh in descent from Assistant-Governor Thomas Harris.
Eighth in descent from Assistant-Governor Samuel Gorton.
Seventh in descent from Assistant-Governor James Greene.
Seventh in descent from John Wilkinson. Eighth in descent from Tristram Coffin.
2. Willey, William Lithgow, S. D., Boston, Mass. Seventh in descent from Lieutenant John Willey. Seventh in descent from Lieutenant Matthew Bridge.
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SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS.
Sixth in descent from Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Noble. Fifth in descent from Captain William Lithgow.
50. Williams, Jared Irving, A. B., Captain, Lancaster, N. H.
Fifth in descent from Chaplain Stephen Williams, D. D.
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In Memoriam
19. Frank Arthur Colby, M. D., Berlin, N. H., died July 14, 1896. Born at Lan- caster, N. H., November 4, 1852. Married, Nov. 4, 1880, to Ada Hatch, who with two children- Hortense (13) and Arthur F. (5)-survives him.
He was fitted at Exeter, studied his profes- sion at Burlington, Vt., graduated M. D. at Dartmouth, 1874; traveled in 1874-5 in Europe and Egypt, and became associated with several foreign medical societies, notably that of St. Thomas' Hospital, London, and was a fellow of the state societies of Maine, New Hampshire, Oregon, and California.
He practised at Cabot, Vt., Bartlett and Lan- caster, N. H., and located at Berlin in 1883, where he remained, except during a trip for his health to the Pacific coast in 1885-6, to the date of decease.
He represented Berlin in the legislature of 1895-was a Mason, a Knight Templar, and attained the Thirty-second degree of the An- cient Scottish Rite; was warden of the St. Bar- nabas Episcopal church at Berlin. The inter- ment was at Lancaster, by North Star Com- mandery, of which he was a valued member.
Dr. Colby was an active, able and useful man, beloved in his family and esteemed by his asso- ciates and the public.
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Index of Ancestors and Descendants.
[ANCESTORS IN SMALL CAPS, DESCENDANTS IN ITALICS.]
ADAMS, CAPTAIN THOMAS, 1713-1802. French and Indian War, Cam- bridge Company, which returned in autumn of 1758.
Hill, Howard Fremont.
ALDEN, JOHN, 1599-1686. Last sur- viving signer of Mayflower Com- pact. Member under arms of Captain Myles Standish's Dux- bury Company, 1643. Assistant, 1632, 1634-'39, '50-'86. Deputy, '41-'42, '43-'49. Deputy-Governor, '66. Member of the Council of War, '46, '53-'60,' 67, '71, '75-'76, Plymouth Colony.
Parsons, Charles Lathrop.
ALDEN, CAPTAIN JONATHAN, 1627- 1697. Ensign, Lieutenant and Captain of the Duxbury, Mass., Military Company. Served in King Philip's War. Was an offi- cer of the Duxbury Company from 1658-1697, and was buried under arms.
Parsons, Charles Lathrop.
ALLD, LIEUTENANT DAVID. Served in French and Indian War, 1759. Cutter, Henry Arthur.
APPLETON, MAJOR SAMUEL, 1624- 1696, of Ipswich. Deputy to the General Court, Colony of Massa- chusetts Bay, six terms, between 1668-'80. Lieutenant, 1668. Cap- tain, 1675. Major and Com- mander-in-Chief of Massachu- setts Troops, 1675. In command at Springfield, Hatfield, and at the Great Swamp Fight. Ser-
geant-Major of the South Essex Regiment, 1682. Assistant, 1681- '86, '89-'92. Imprisoned by Sir Edmund Andros, 1687, for re- fusing to pay taxes levied with- out the consent of the Council. Plaisted, Sheridan.
BACON, BENJAMIN, 1688-1727. Sol- dier in Captain John Lane's Com- pany, 1703-'13. Served in the Billerica Troop of Horse, in Queen Anne's War, at the relief of Dunstable, Mass., July, 1706. Philbrook, Frederic Bacon.
BATCHELDER, STEPHEN, 1676-1748, Hampton, N. H. Soldier in King William's War. Scales, John.
BARTLETT, RICHARD, 1648-1724, Newbury, Mass. Deputy to Gen- eral Court of Massachusetts, [679, '81, '84, '86.
Gordon, George Augustus.
BEATTY, THOMAS, 1700-1768. Justice of Prince George County, Mary- land, 1739-'48. Justice of Fred- erick County, 1748-'60. Justice of Quorum, 1749-'60. Burgess from Frederick County, 1757-'58. Beatty, Franklin Tomason.
BENGSTEN, ANDREAS, 1640-1706. Member of Pennsylvania Assem- bly in the years 1683, 1686, 1698. Beatty, Franklin Tomason.
BLODGET, SAMUEL, 1635-1725, Wo- burn, Mass. Deputy to General
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SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS.
Court of Massachusetts, 1693. Gordon, George Augustus.
BOREMAN, THOMAS, -1673, Ips- wich, Mass. Representative to the General Court of Massachu- setts, 1636.
Foster, Joseph.
BRACKETT, CAPTAIN RICHARD, 1611- 1691. Commander of the Militia of Braintree, Mass. Member of Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Boston, 1636. Dep- uty to the General Court, 1655-'80. Philbrook, Frederic Bacon.
BRADSTREET, GOVERNOR SIMON. First Secretary of Massachusetts Bay Colony. One of the Com- missioners of the United Colo- nies, 1643. Deputy-Governor, 1672-'79. Governor, 1676-'86. Ball, George Oscar.
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